23PBA2116 – Spreadsheet for Managers

Question Bank
1. Purpose of insert tab and give examples.
The Insert tab in programs like Microsoft Word or Excel helps you add
cool stuff to your document or spreadsheet. For example, if you're making a
report in Word and you want to add a picture, a table, or a shape like a star or
a heart, you can use the Insert tab to do that. In Excel, if you want to add a
new row or column to your data, or maybe a chart to show your numbers in a
cool way, you can also use the Insert tab for that.
2. Explain the situation when you need to change page orientation
Sometimes, when you're making a document, like a poster or a big table,
you might need more space horizontally (left to right) instead of vertically
(up and down), or vice versa. That's when you change the page orientation.
So, if you have a lot of wide tables or graphs, you might want to switch to
landscape mode (horizontal), and if you're writing something like a letter or
a report, portrait mode (vertical) is usually better.
3. Built in functions Vs custom functions
Built-in functions are like ready-made tools that come with a program.
They're already there, and you can use them right away, like adding numbers
or finding the average. Custom functions are like making your own tools.
You create them to do specific things that the built-in functions can't do, like
maybe calculating something really specific to your work or hobby.
4. Explain when conditional formatting can be used
Conditional formatting is like magic coloring for your data! You can use
it to make your numbers or words change color or style based on certain
rules you set. For example, you can make numbers turn red if they're too low
or green if they're just right.
5. Uses of customizing headers and footers
Headers and footers are like little notes at the top and bottom of your
pages. You can customize them to show things like the title of your
document, the page number, or the date. This helps make your document
look more professional and organized.
6. Freeze panes
Freeze panes is like sticking certain rows or columns in place so they stay
visible when you scroll through a big spreadsheet. It's handy when you have
a lot of data, so you don't lose track of what's what.
7. Purpose of text wrap
 Text wrap is like making words go around pictures or other stuff you put
in your document. It keeps your text looking neat and tidy instead of running
over the pictures or objects.
8. Now Vs Today function
"Now" function shows the current date and time, while "Today" function
shows only the current date. They're like little clocks that tell you what day
and time it is in your document or spreadsheet.
9. Explain when to use merge and center
Merge and center is like squishing cells together to make one big cell, and
then putting the text right in the middle. It's useful for making titles or
headers stand out in your document or spreadsheet.
10.Relative cell referencing and absolute cell referencing
Relative cell referencing is like giving directions based on where you are
right now. Absolute cell referencing is like giving directions from a fixed
point no matter where you are. So, if you want a formula to always refer to a
specific cell no matter where you copy it, you use absolute referencing. If
you want the formula to change based on where you copy it, you use relative
referencing.
11.Concatenate function
Concatenate is like gluing words or numbers together. Let's say you have
two words, "hello" and "world," and you want to put them together. You can
use concatenate to make them "helloworld"!
12.Create hyperlink
A hyperlink is like a magic door in your document or spreadsheet. You
click on it, and it takes you somewhere else, like to a website or another
page. You can make a hyperlink by selecting the text or object you want to
turn into a link, then right-click and choose "Hyperlink."
13.Index Vs Match
Index and Match are like detectives helping you find things. Index is
good at finding things in rows and columns, like in a big table. Match is
good at finding specific items in a list. Sometimes, they work together to
find exactly what you're looking for.
14.ABS function
ABS function is like a magic wand that turns negative numbers into
positive ones. So, if you have -5, ABS makes it 5. Simple as that!
15.Text functions
Text functions are like little helpers that can do cool things with words.
They can help you change the way words look, like making them all capital
letters or just the first letter of each word capital.
16.Get data
 Get data is like fetching information from other places, like from another
spreadsheet or a database. It helps you bring in data from different sources to
work with it in one place.
17.Remove duplicates for the data set
Sometimes, you have the same thing repeated in your data, like the same
name or number. Remove duplicates is like a magic eraser that gets rid of the
extras, so you only have one of each.
18.By position Vs by category in consolidation feature
By position means you're putting things together based on their location,
like adding up all the numbers in the same place in different sheets. By
category means you're putting things together based on what they are, like
adding up all the sales numbers, no matter where they are.
19.Steps to apply data validation
Data validation is like setting rules for what can go into a cell. First, you
select the cells you want to apply the rules to. Then, you go to the Data tab,
click on Data Validation, and choose the rules you want to set, like only
allowing numbers between 1 and 10.
20.Purpose of sorting data
Sorting data is like tidying up your room. It helps you put things in order
so you can find them easily. You can sort data alphabetically, numerically,
or in any other way you want. It makes your data easier to read and
understand.
21.Significance of filtering data
Filtering data is like using a magic magnifying glass to find specific
things in a big pile of stuff. It helps you see only what you want to see by
hiding the rest. For example, if you have a big list of animals and you only
want to see the ones that can fly, you can use filtering to hide all the other
animals.
22.Purpose of what if analysis
What if analysis is like playing with different scenarios to see what might
happen. Let's say you're planning a party, and you want to know how much
pizza to order. What if analysis lets you change things like the number of
guests or how hungry they might be, and then see how it affects your pizza
order.
23.Group feature
Group feature is like putting things into folders to keep them organized.
In spreadsheets, you can use it to group rows or columns together, making it
easier to manage big sets of data.
24.Transpose function
 Transpose function is like turning something sideways. If you have data
arranged in rows and you want it in columns, or vice versa, transpose helps
you do that. It's like turning a book from portrait to landscape mode.
25.Rank function
Rank function is like giving prizes to things based on how good they are.
It helps you see which items are the best or worst in a list by giving them a
rank number, like 1st place, 2nd place, and so on.
26.Purpose of pivot table
Pivot table is like a magic table that can summarize and analyze your data
in different ways. It helps you see trends and patterns in your data by
organizing and summarizing it in a clear and easy-to-understand format. For
example, if you have a lot of sales data, you can use a pivot table to see
which products are selling the most and which regions are bringing in the
most money.
27.Syntax:
a. Logical – IF, AND, OR, NOT, IF AND, NESTED IF
Logical Functions:
 IF: It helps make decisions based on whether a condition is true or false. For
example, if a student's score is above 60, then "Pass"; otherwise, "Fail".
 AND, OR: They help combine multiple conditions. AND requires all
conditions to be true, while OR requires at least one condition to be true.
 NOT: It reverses the result of a logical operation.
 IF AND, NESTED IF: IF AND allows multiple conditions to be checked at
once, while NESTED IF allows you to put one IF function inside another.

b. Mathematical – Sum, Average, Max, Min, Round, Ceiling, Floor,

ABS, Square root, Power, Log.
Mathematical Functions:
 Sum, Average, Max, Min: They perform basic arithmetic operations like
addition, averaging, finding the maximum, and finding the minimum of a
range of numbers.
 Round, Ceiling, Floor: They help round numbers to a specified number of
digits, or up to the nearest integer (Ceiling) or down to the nearest integer
(Floor).
 ABS: It returns the absolute value of a number, making negative numbers
positive.
 Square root, Power, Log: These functions perform mathematical operations
like finding the square root of a number, raising a number to a power, and
finding the logarithm of a number.
 c. Statistical – Average, Median, Mode, Standard deviation,
Variance, Count, Count if, Sumif, Correl.
Statistical Functions:
 Average, Median, Mode: They calculate measures of central tendency.
 Standard deviation, Variance: They measure the dispersion or spread of a set
of data points.
 Count, Count if, Sumif: Count counts the number of cells with numbers in a
range, while Countif and Sumif count or sum cells based on specified
conditions.
 Correl: It calculates the correlation coefficient between two sets of data.

d. Finance – PV, FV, PMT, RATE, NPER, NPV, IRR, SLN

Finance Functions:
 PV, FV, PMT: They deal with financial calculations like present value,
future value, and periodic payment for investments or loans.
 RATE, NPER, NPV, IRR: They calculate the interest rate, number of
periods, net present value, and internal rate of return for financial
investments or loans.
 SLN: It calculates the straight-line depreciation of an asset.

e. Lookup and Reference functions –

Vlookup, Hlookup, Index, Match
 Vlookup, Hlookup: They help search for a value in a table horizontally
(Hlookup) or vertically (Vlookup) and return a corresponding value from
the same row or column.
 Index, Match: They work together to find a value in a range and return a
value from the same position or a specified position in another range.