MATH 10 QUARTER 4 Week 2

NAME: _________________________________________________________YR & SEC: ____________________

Learning Competency:
The learner calculates the specified measure of position of a set of data. (M10SP-IVb-1)

TO THE LEARNERS
Bear on your mind that this module is extremely important and that your full attention is needed right at its very
beginning. I want you to do away with some tasks that are irrelevant to the lessons which can prevent yourself from getting
distracted while studying. Read and understand the instructions to figure out what to do and finish all the activities
successfully.
Let’s Begin!
1. Carefully, follow all the steps and instructions indicated in every page of this lesson.
2. Use your notebook to take note all important matters that can be reviewed if you want to go back for reference
purposes.
3. Of course, you have to perform all the provided activities written in this module.
4. Ask someone who can assess your answers using the answer key page (e.g. parent / guardian).
5. Concentrate to analyze exactly what the posttest is asking and apply the lesson you’ve learned carefully.

EXPECTATIONS
This module is made, for you to easily understand the concept of Measures of Position. Tremendously, the
difficulties will be there if you won’t be able to grasp the basic discussion of each part of the lesson. This is also designed
to provide ease and, therefore, make you enjoy the calculation of specified measures of position, (e.g. 87th percentile) of a
set.
After going through this module, you are expected to;
1. Identify the specific measures of position. (e.g.
Percentile, Decile, Quartile).
2. Calculate the specific measures of position. (e.g.
Percentile, Decile, Quartile).

Math pick
The measures of position or relative standing indicate how an item compares with the other items in a given
collection or data set. They measure the data value’s relative position within the data set. These measures include the
different fractals (percentiles, deciles, and quartiles).

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 PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Write down on a separate sheet of paper the letter of the correct answer.
For numbers 1 to 3, refer to the following frequency table
Class Interval frequency Class Bound < 𝑐𝑓
5 − 12 8 4.5 − 12.5 8
13 − 20 9 12.5 − 20.5 17
21 − 28 16 20.5 − 28.5 33
29 − 36 25 28.5 − 36.5 58
37 − 44 14 36.5 − 44.5 72
45 − 52 3 44.5 − 52.5 75
53 − 60 3 52.5 − 60.5 78
61 − 68 2 60.5 − 68.5 80

1.) What is the class size of the distribution?

A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
2.) Which class interval contains the 70th percentile?
A. 21-28 B. 29-36 C. 37-44 D. 45-52
3.) What is the 70th percentile of the given distribution?
A. 35.86 B. 56.70 C. 61.27 D. 70.21
th
4.) Jennifer got a score of 55 which is equivalent to 70 percentile in a University exam. Which of the following is
NOT true?
A.) Her score is below the 5th decile.
B.) She scored above 70% of her classmate.
C.) Thirty percent of the class got scores of 55 and above.
D.) If the passing mark is the first quartile, she passed the exam.
5.) Ann took a 70-item test. She got a score of 50 which is the third quartile. This means that:
A.) She got the highest score.
B.) She surpassed 75% of her classmates.
C.) Her score is higher than 25% of her classmates.
D.) Seventy-five percent of the class did not pass the test

Looking Back at Your Lesson

The previous lesson you have taken is an example of finding your score in each test and knowing what the rank
of your score is. It is like comparing your academic performance with that of your classmates, and what score you need for
the specific subject areas to qualify for honors. There are certain cases of similarity in every measure of position and found
equal to others.

QUARTILE DECILE PERCENTILE

9th Decile 90th Percentile

3RD Quartile 75th Percentile

2nd Quartile 5th Decile 50th Percentile

1st Quartile 25th Percentile

2nd Decile 20th Percentile

1st Decile 10th Percentile

Furthermore, you have been taught in Grade 8 how to organize data using a frequency table. A Frequency Distribution
Table (FDT) is arrangement of data in tabular form. The FDT has the following information, depending on the purpose:
• Class Limits – the smallest (lower class limit) and largest (upper class limit) values that can fall in a given class interval
• Class boundaries - Class boundaries are the numbers used to separate classes. The size of the gap between classes is the
difference between the upper class limit of one class and the lower class limit of the next class.
• Class frequency – the number of observations falling in a particular class
• Class width – numerical difference between the upper and lower class boundaries
• Class Mark – midpoint between the upper and lower class boundaries.

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 INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC

Solving Specified Percentile

When the distribution is divided to hundred equal parts, each part that describes the distribution is called the
Percentile. Percentile is different from percentage. It is simply described this way: 93 out of 100 is 93% in percentage. On
the other hand, if the raw score corresponds to the 93rd percentile, then it indicates that the score is better than 93% of all
other scores. Percentile has its formulation both grouped data and ungrouped data.
Example of ungrouped data: 13, 7, 8, 10, 9, 4, 6, 2, 11, 3 etc.
Example of grouped data indicates that the data points have been grouped in classes, arranged in a table with frequency,
total frequency, cumulative frequency, and others.
Let’s find out from this topic.
Computing the Percentile of Grouped Data

We approximate the 𝑘 th percentile from a frequency distribution table. The formula is as follows:
𝑛𝑘
𝑐 (100 − 𝐹𝑏 )
𝑃𝑘 = 𝐿𝑃 +
𝑓𝑃
th
where: 𝐿𝑃 is the lower class boundary of the 𝑃𝑘 class (percentile class);
𝑐 is the class size.
𝑛 is the total number of observations;
𝑘 is the percentile of interest;
𝐹𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency before the 𝑃𝑘 th class;
𝑓𝑃 is the frequency of the 𝑃𝑘 th class.

To find the percentile in a frequency distribution table, we need to locate the percentile class (𝑃𝑘 th class) that we would like
to estimate. We have several steps to do this:
𝑛𝑘
1. Compute for .
100
2. Construct the less than cumulative frequency distribution.
3. From the CF column, locate the 𝑘 th percentile class (𝑃𝑘 th class). The 𝑃𝑘 th class is the class interval where the less than
𝑛𝑘
cumulative frequency is equal to or exceeds 100 for the first time.
4. From the 𝑃𝑘 th class, use the formula for grouped data.

Remark:
In computing a percentile from a grouped data, the assumption is that the measurements within a certain class have a uniform
distribution between the upper- and lower-class boundaries. Thus, we interpret the percentile in the usual manner, that is,
the percentile is the value below which the percentage of the distribution falls.

EXAMPLE 1: Consider the scores of 120 grade 10 students in the 3rd quarter math examination
Score Frequency
1 - 10 4
11 - 20 18
21 - 30 21
31 - 40 49
41 - 50 21
51 - 60 7

Determine the 30th percentile of the distribution.

SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Before we determine the percentile, let us first complete the frequency table. In computing the measures of location,
we must add the columns for lower class boundary and the (less than) cumulative frequency.
STEP 2: Let’s first determine the lower class boundaries. The lower boundary of each class is calculated by subtracting half
of the gap value 0.5 from the class lower limit
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 Score Frequency Lower Class Bound
1 - 10 4 0.5
11 - 20 18 10.5
21 - 30 21 20.5
31 - 40 49 30.5
41 - 50 21 40.5
51 - 60 7 50.5

These are the lower limits of each class. Subtract 0.5 to

each lower limit to obtain the lower class boundaries

Next, we determine the cumulative frequency. The cumulative frequency is calculated by adding each frequency from a
frequency distribution table to the sum of its predecessors.
Score Frequency Lower Class Bound Cumulative Frequency
1 – 10 4 0.5 4
11 – 20 18 10.5 4 + 18 = 22
21 – 30 21 20.5 22 + 21 = 43
31 – 40 49 30.5 43 + 49 = 92
41 – 50 21 40.5 92 + 21 = 113
51 – 60 7 50.5 113 + 7 = 120

𝑛𝑘
STEP 3: Now that we have our needed frequency table, let us compute for the percentile class. The formula we need is 100,
where 𝑛 is the total frequency and 𝑘 is the kth percentile we are interested with. Summing up the frequency, we get 4 +
18 + 21 + 49 + 21 + 7 = 120. Therefore 𝑛 = 120. Also, since we are interested with the 30th percentile, we use 𝑘 = 30.
𝑛𝑘 (120)(30)
Computing for : = 36.
100 100
Compare the computed value with the cumulative frequency. The 𝑃𝑘 th class is the class interval where the less than
𝑛𝑘
cumulative frequency is equal to or exceeds for the first time.
100
Score Frequency Lower Class Bound Cumulative Frequency
1 - 10 4 0.5 4
This number is greater than 36
11 - 20 18 10.5 22
for the first time, hence we get
21 - 30 21 20.5 43 this interval as our percentile
31 - 40 49 30.5 92 class
41 - 50 21 40.5 113
51 - 60 7 50.5 120

STEP 4: Obtain the following from the table:

𝐿𝑃 is the lower class boundary of the 𝑃𝑘 th class (percentile class);
𝑐 is the class size.
𝑛 is the total number of observations;
𝑘 is the percentile of interest;
𝐹𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency before the 𝑃𝑘 th class;
𝑓𝑃 is the frequency of the 𝑃𝑘 th class.

𝐿𝑃 = 20.5 𝑐 = 10 𝑛 = 120 𝑘 = 30 𝐹𝑏 = 22 𝑓𝑃 = 21

𝑛𝑘
𝑐( −𝐹𝑏)
100
STEP 5: Substitute to the formula 𝑃𝑘 = 𝐿𝑃 + 𝑓𝑃
(120)(30)
10 ( 100 − 22)
𝑃30 = 20.5 +
21
= 20.5 + 6.67
= 27.17
Therefore, the 30th percentile of this set of data is 27.17.

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Interpretation: 30% of all data points are below (or less than) 27.17

Computing the Decile of Grouped Data

For ungrouped and grouped data, the formulas for finding the deciles are the same as the formulas for the percentiles but
instead of 𝑃 (for percentile) we now use 𝐷 (for decile) and instead of dividing 𝑛𝑘 by 100, we divide it by 10. That is,
𝑛𝑘
𝑐 ( 10 − 𝐹𝑏 )
𝐷𝑘 = 𝐿𝐷 +
𝑓𝐷
th
𝐿𝐷 is the lower class boundary of the 𝐷𝑘 class (Decile class);
𝑐 is the class size.
𝑛 is the total number of observations;
𝑘 is the decile of interest;
𝐹𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency before the 𝐷𝑘 th class;
𝑓𝐷 is the frequency of the 𝐷𝑘 th class.

EXAMPLE 2: We use the same example as in Example 1 but this time, find the 7th decile.
Score Frequency
1 - 10 4
11 - 20 18
21 - 30 21
31 - 40 49
41 - 50 21
51 - 60 7

SOLUTION: Since we have already done STEP 1 and STEP 2 and obtain the table
Score Frequency Lower Class Bound Cumulative Frequency
1 – 10 4 0.5 4
11 – 20 18 10.5 22
21 – 30 21 20.5 43
31 – 40 49 30.5 92
41 – 50 21 40.5 113
51 – 60 7 50.5 120

We proceed to the next steps.

𝑛𝑘
STEP 3: Now that we have our needed frequency table, let us compute for the decile class. The formula we need is ,
10
where 𝑛 is the total frequency and 𝑘 is the kth decile we are interested with. Summing up the frequency, we get 4 + 18 +
21 + 49 + 21 + 7 = 120. Therefore 𝑛 = 120. Also, since we are interested with the 7th decile, we use 𝑘 = 7.
𝑛𝑘 (120)(7)
Computing for 10 : 10
= 84.
Compare the computed value with the cumulative frequency. The 𝐷𝑘 th class is the class interval where the less than
𝑛𝑘
cumulative frequency is equal to or exceeds for the first time.
10
Score Frequency Lower Class Bound Cumulative Frequency
1 - 10 4 0.5 4
11 - 20 18 10.5 22
This number is greater than 84
21 - 30 21 20.5 43 for the first time, hence we get
31 - 40 49 30.5 92 this interval as our decile class
41 - 50 21 40.5 113
51 - 60 7 50.5 120
STEP 4: Obtain the following from the table:
𝐿𝐷 is the lower class boundary of the 𝐷𝑘 th class (Decile class);
𝑐 is the class size.
𝑛 is the total number of observations;
𝑘 is the decile of interest;
𝐹𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency before the 𝐷𝑘 th class;
𝑓𝐷 is the frequency of the 𝐷𝑘 th class.
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𝐿𝐷 = 30.5 𝑐 = 10 𝑛 = 120 𝑘=7 𝐹𝑏 = 43 𝑓𝐷 = 49
𝑛𝑘
𝑐( −𝐹𝑏 )
10
STEP 5: Substitute to the formula 𝐷𝑘 = 𝐿𝐷 + 𝑓𝐷
(120)(7)
10 ( 10 − 43)
𝐷7 = 30.5 +
49
= 30.5 + 8.37
= 38.87
Therefore, the 7th decile of this set of data is 38.87
Interpretation: 70% of all data points are below (or less than) 38.87
Computing the Quartile of Grouped Data

For ungrouped and grouped data, the formulas for finding the quartiles are the same as the formulas for the percentiles but
instead of 𝑃 (for percentile) we now use 𝑄 (for quartile) and instead of dividing 𝑛𝑘 by 100, we divide it by 4. That is,
𝑛𝑘
𝑐 ( 4 − 𝐹𝑏 )
𝑄𝑘 = 𝐿𝑄 +
𝑓𝑄
𝐿𝑄 is the lower class boundary of the 𝑄𝑘 th class (quartile class);
𝑐 is the class size.
𝑛 is the total number of observations;
𝑘 is the decile of interest;
𝐹𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency before the 𝑄𝑘 th class;
𝑓𝑄 is the frequency of the 𝑄𝑘 th class.

EXAMPLE 3: We use the same example as in Example 1 but this time, find the 1st quartile.
Score Frequency
1 - 10 4
11 - 20 18
21 - 30 21
31 - 40 49
41 - 50 21
51 - 60 7
SOLUTION: Since we have already done STEP 1 and STEP 2 and obtain the table
Score Frequency Lower Class Bound Cumulative Frequency
1 - 10 4 0.5 4
11 - 20 18 10.5 22
21 - 30 21 20.5 43
31 - 40 49 30.5 92
41 - 50 21 40.5 113
51 - 60 7 50.5 120

We proceed to the next steps.

𝑛𝑘
STEP 3: Now that we have our needed frequency table, let us compute for the quartile class. The formula we need is 4
,
where 𝑛 is the total frequency and 𝑘 is the kth quartile we are interested with. Summing up the frequency, we get 4 + 18 +
21 + 49 + 21 + 7 = 120. Therefore 𝑛 = 120. Also, since we are interested with the 1st quartile, we use 𝑘 = 1.
𝑛𝑘 (120)(1)
Computing for 4
: 4
= 30.
Compare the computed value with the cumulative frequency. The 𝑄𝑘 th class is the class interval where the less than
𝑛𝑘
cumulative frequency is equal to or exceeds for the first time.
4
Score Frequency Lower Class Bound Cumulative Frequency
1 - 10 4 0.5 4
11 - 20 18 10.5 22
This number is greater than 30
21 - 30 21 20.5 43 for the first time, hence we get
31 - 40 49 30.5 92 this interval as our decile class
41 - 50 21 40.5 113

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 51 - 60 7 50.5 120
STEP 4: Obtain the following from the table:
𝐿𝑄 is the lower class boundary of the 𝑄𝑘 th class (quartile class);
𝑐 is the class size.
𝑛 is the total number of observations;
𝑘 is the decile of interest;
𝐹𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency before the 𝑄𝑘 th class;
𝑓𝑄 is the frequency of the 𝑄𝑘 th class.
𝐿𝑄 = 20.5 𝑐 = 10 𝑛 = 120 𝑘=1 𝐹𝑏 = 22 𝑓𝑄 = 21
𝑛𝑘
𝑐( −𝐹𝑏)
4
STEP 5: Substitute to the formula 𝑄𝑘 = 𝐿𝑄 + 𝑓𝑄
(120)(1)
10 ( 4 − 22)
𝑄1 = 20.5 +
21
= 20.5 + 3.81
= 24.31
Therefore, the 1st quartile of this set of data is 24.31
Interpretation: 25% of all data points are below (or less than) 24.31

Activities

Activity 1
The following measurements are weights of dogs in a city veterinary clinic (in pounds): 65, 63, 68, 59, 74, 59, 68, 61, 64,
60, 69, 72, 55, 64, 56, 67, 55, 73, 59, 60, 65.
Weights Frequency a. Complete the table including the lower boundaries and
55-58 cumulative frequencies.
59-62 b. Which interval contains the median?
63-66 c. Which interval contains the upper quartile?
67-70 d. What is the 75th percentile of this distribution?
71-74

Activity 2: People in the house

Using the data below, answer the questions that follow.

2 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 10
7

1. Find the data values corresponding to the 30th Percentile.

2. Find the data values corresponding to the 2nd Quartile.
3. Find the data values corresponding to the 43rd Percentile.
4. Find the data values corresponding to the 8th Decile.
5. Find the data values corresponding to the 55th Percentile.

Activity 1.3: Find your past friends

Consider the score of your 90 friends plays with you at the range of their ages.
AGE Frequency
1–5 17
6 – 10 14
11 – 15 9
16 – 20 25

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 21 – 25 7
26 - 30 18

Make a table for Cumulative Frequency, then use the percentile rank formula for grouped data and solve:
1. Percentile Rank 21, (P21)
2. Decile Rank 6, (D6)
3. Percentile Rank 75, (P75)
4. Quartile Rank 2, (Q2)
5. Percentile Rank 56, (P56)

REMEMBER:

Grouped data set is a collection of data in tabular with the frequency and can get the cumulative frequency, while
the ungrouped data set should be arranged in ascending order and collected typically in one order.

We approximate the 𝑘 th percentile from a frequency distribution table. The formula is as follows:
𝑛𝑘
𝑐 (100 − 𝐹𝑏 )
𝑃𝑘 = 𝐿𝑃 +
𝑓𝑃
where: 𝐿𝑃 is the lower class boundary of the 𝑃𝑘 th class (percentile class);
𝑐 is the class size.
𝑛 is the total number of observations;
𝑘 is the percentile of interest;
𝐹𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency before the 𝑃𝑘 th class;
𝑓𝑃 is the frequency of the 𝑃𝑘 th class.

The formulas for deciles and quartiles of grouped data are obtainable from the formula for percentile.

Check Your Understanding

A. The height (in cm) of 20 volleyball and basketball players are the following
145 147 148 148
151 153 155 155
160 160 161 165
166 167 169 169
169 170 174 175
th
1.) Using the Table find its 70 percentile.
2.) What is the percentile rank of a height of 153 cm?

B. Yhong’s TLE test score is 71, find its percentile rank when there are 50 students took the exam.
Score Frequency
51 – 60 16
61 – 70 8
71 – 80 17
81 – 90 5
91-100 4

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 C. Given the frequency distribution table of scores of 200 students in an entrance exam in college, find the 95th
percentile, 4th decile, and 3rd quartile.
Scores Frequency Lower Boundaries Cumulative Frequency
59 – 62 2
63 – 66 12
67 – 70 24
71 – 74 46
75 – 78 62
79 – 82 36
83 – 86 16
87 – 90 2

POSTTEST

Multiple Choice. Write down on a separate sheet of paper the letter of the correct answer.
For numbers 1 to 3, refer to the following frequency table
Class Interval frequency Class Bound < 𝑐𝑓
5 − 12 8 4.5 − 12.5 8
13 − 20 9 12.5 − 20.5 17
21 − 28 16 20.5 − 28.5 33
29 − 36 25 28.5 − 36.5 58
37 − 44 14 36.5 − 44.5 72
45 − 52 3 44.5 − 52.5 75
53 − 60 3 52.5 − 60.5 78
61 − 68 2 60.5 − 68.5 80

1.) What is the class size of the distribution?

B. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
2.) Which class interval contains the 70th percentile?
B. 21-28 B. 29-36 C. 37-44 D. 45-52
3.) What is the 70th percentile of the given distribution?
B. 35.66 B. 56.70 C. 61.27 D. 70.21
4.) Jennifer got a score of 55 which is equivalent to 70th percentile in a University exam. Which of the following is
NOT true?
E.) Her score is below the 5th decile.
F.) She scored above 70% of her classmate.
G.) Thirty percent of the class got scores of 55 and above.
H.) If the passing mark is the first quartile, she passed the exam.
5.) Ann took a 70-item test. She got a score of 50 which is the third quartile. This means that:
E.) She got the highest score.
F.) She surpassed 75% of her classmates.
G.) Her score is higher than 25% of her classmates.
Seventy-five percent of the class did not pass the test

Additional Activities:
A. Research and select a data set with a minimum of 30 data values related to the fields of education, health,
or economics. Create at least three tasks and/or questions involving the percentiles. Present this activity as group work.
B. To better understand the lesson, watch the video lesson to the given link.
https://www.google.com/search?q=video+of+percentiles&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH890PH905&oq=video+of+percen
tiles&aqs=chrome..69i57.4119j0j8&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

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