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College Knowledge
9950308601

Worksheet Name: Development Standard: 10th Subject: Social Studies

Q1. Give examples to prove that there are other important developmental goals than income.
Ans:
Example 1: If you get a job in a far off place, before accepting it, you would try to consider many factors, apart from income such as
facilities for your family, school for your children, working atmosphere or opportunity to learn.
Example 2: A job may give you high pay but no job security and also no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security
and freedom.
Example 3: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that
if there is respect for women, there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A
safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life like
sense of security, freedom, opportunities, etc.

Q2. For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.
Per Capita Income Life expectancy Literacy rate for 15+yrs. Gross enrolment ratio for t HDI rank in the
Country
in US $ at birth Population hree levels world
Sri Lank
a
4390 74 91 69 93
India
3139 64 61 60 126

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Myanm
1027 61 90
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2225 63 50 35 134
Pakistan
1490 62 50
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61 138
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Nepal

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1870 63 41 53 137
Banglad
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esh
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Ans:
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1. In view of per capita income, Sri Lanka is at the top while Myanmar is at the bottom.
2. As far as life expectancy at birth is concerned, Sri Lanka is at top and Myanmar is at bottom.
3. As far as literacy rate for 15 + yrs. population is concerned, Sri Lanka is at the top and Bangladesh is at the bottom.
4. As far as gross enrolment ratio for three levels is concerned, Sri Lanka is at the top and Pakistan is at the bottom.
5. As far as HDI rank in the world is concerned, Sri Lanka is at top and Nepal is at the bottom.
Q3. Which states or regions are fast depleting their groundwater reserves?
Ans:
The water that is found under the ground in the cracks and spaces in the soil, sand or rocks is called groundwater. It is utilized as
drinking water, for crop irrigation, and in industries. Around 300 districts in India have reported a lowering in the level of the
groundwater by over 4 meters in the past 20 years. This decline is particularly observed in the agriculturally prosperous regions of
Punjab and western Uttar Pradesh, hard rock plateau areas of central and south India, certain coastal areas as well as the rapidly
growing urban centres.

Q4. Suggest some idea to make development more sustainable in nature.

Ans:
Sustainable development aims for maintaining the natural resources for the present as well as the future generations for consistent
economic development. Methods through which development can be made sustainable include the following:
1. Substitution: Development of substitutes is a major principle of sustainable development. Non -renewable energy resources like
fossil fuels may be substituted with renewable energy resources.
2. Recycling: Certain resources can be recycled up to a certain limit and hence the declining trend in its quantity can be arrested for
a time span. Iron is such a resource. If iron scraps are recycled in the iron and steel industry it can lower the dependence on raw
iron.
3. Reduction of wastage: if wastages are reduced, a greater quantity of resources are available for consumption and it will lead to
resource conservation.
4. Development of awareness: No conservation programme with regards to sustainable development can be successful if the
people are not involved. Awareness regarding the importance of resources is imperative for its conservation.

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5. Increased efficiency: Increased resource demand is met by the increased functional resource value from the same quantity of
resource input. For e.g., modern fuel-efficient cars can cover longer distances for the same amount of petrol.

Q5. Explain two reasons for the need for environment-friendly economic growth and one suggestion achieve it.
Ans:
Reasons for the need of environment friendly economic growth:
1. Present production technology has polluted atmosphere and waterbodies with garbage, smoke and poisonous gases.
2. Rapid economic growth and industrialisation have led to reckless exploitation of natural resources (like fossil fuels).
Suggestions to achieve it:
1. Increased use of renewable and clean sources of energy, less use of fossil fuels, organic farming.
2. Measures to reduce global warming and global limits on carbon emission, etc.

Q6. Why are countries of the Middle east not called ‘developed’ in spite of high per capita income?
Ans:
The countries of the Middle East are not called developed in spite of high per capita income because of the following reasons.
1. Middle Eastern countries have become rich only with the resources available and they have high per capita income due to the oil
production. So, they have only one major source of income.
2. Although, these countries have very high per capita income, but there is unequal distribution of wealth. The gap between the rich
and the poor is very high in these countries.
3. High per capita income alone is not a criterion of a developed nation as there are many other non-materialistic valuable things
like equality, freedom, security. Without these things, development of a country is not possible.
4. These countries are not considered developed because they lack other basic facilities such as health care and education. Without
these basic facilities people of a country cannot contribute much to the national income and thus no development takes place.

Q7. What is the significance of sustainable development for a human being?

Ans:
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future

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generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development has continued to evolve as that of protecting the world’s resources
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while its true agenda is to control the world’s resources. Environmentally sustainable economic growth refers to economic
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development that meets the needs of all without leaving future generations with fewer natural resources than those we enjoy
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today.
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The essence of this form of development is a stable relationship between human activities and the natural world, which does not
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diminish the prospects for future generations to enjoy a quality of life at least as good as our own.
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Thus, for human beings’ sustainable development is significant as it aims to balance their economic, environmental and social needs.
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Q8. Explain three attributes for comparing notions of development between different countries.
Ans:
Three attributes for comparing the notions of development among the countries are:
Per capita Income: It is the average income of the people of the country in a year. According to the World Development Report,
countries with the percapita income of more than Rs. 4,53,000 per year are called rich or the developed countries. The countries
with the per capita income of less than 37,000 are known as low income countries or the poor countries.
Literacy Level: It is an important criteria of development as high literacy level of the people gradually leads the countries on the path
of development.
General Health Standards: Better health standard of the people of country increases the productivity of the workers. Improved
nutrition and reduced diseases in childhood leads to the development of a healthy individual who is an asset to the nation.

Q9. Compare the level of development in India taking at least three states on the basis of various aspects other than income.
Ans:
According to the UNDP, human development-or the human development approach-is about expanding the richness of human life,
rather than simply the richness of the economy in which human beings live. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
uses three attributes to measure the Human Development Index (HDI) of a country.
1. Levels of wealth within the country as measured by GDP per capita and adjusted in purchasing power parity (PPP).
2. Health: measured by average life expectancy.
3. Education: measured by the percentage of the population in education at a particular age (primary, secondary and tertiary) and
literacy levels (educational attainment).
The above three attributes present an all-round development picture for respective countries. In India, the HDI for states can also be
calculated in a similar fashion. Since different states have different populations, total income does not work as a good comparative
measure. Average value of income is derived by dividing the total income of the state by the total population and is also called per
capita income. Although average income is used for comparison purposes, it is not an absolute measure as it can hide disparities as
it does not state whether the income distribution is equitable or not. For the purpose of comparison, we are taking the Infant
Mortality Rate, Literacy Rate and Net Attendance Ratio for the states of Haryana, Kerala, and Bihar.
The following table gives the relevant details:
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Infant Mortality Rate per 1000 live Literacy Rate Net Attendance Ratio (per 100 persons) secondary stage (a
State
briths (2015-16) % (2011) ge 14 and 15 years) 2013-14
Hary
36 82 61
ana
Keral
12 94 83
a
Bihar 42 62 43

On the basis of the above table, we can come to the following conclusions-
Kerala is the most developed between all three states, as not only does it have a low infant mortality rate, it has high levels of
literacy along with a higher ratio of its population invested in secondary education.
Haryana comes next and measures should be taken to develop the state further.
Bihar is the least developed of all states. It has a high infant mortality rate showing that the population does not have access to
proper healthcare. Lower levels of literacy along with low attendance for secondary education is halting its development
process.

If we had only considered the state per capita incomes to judge the level of development in the states, Haryana would have been
the most developed state and Bihar the least developed. But when we compare the other parameters of development, it is evident
that although Haryana has the money, development processes are not being implemented in a manner which would aid its overall
betterment. Kerala, with a lower per capita income, is managing its development better and thus outranking Haryana. Bihar, on the
other hand, seems to be stuck in a vicious cycle where lower per capita income is lowering the development, while lower education
and health levels are lowering the ability of its population to earn more. Thus, Bihar needs better policies to develop itself.

Q10. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? Describe its limitations.
Ans:
The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries:
Countries with per capita income of US12616perannumandabovein2012, arecalledrichcountriesandthosewithpercapitaincomeofUS

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1035 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita

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income in 2012 was just US$ 1530 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small

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countries, are generally called developed countries.

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Limitations:
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Limitations of this criterion are that while average income is useful for competition, it does not tell us how this income is distributed
among people. A country may have more equitable distribution. People may be neither very rich nor extremely poor. But in another
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country with same average income, one person may be extremely rich, while others may be very poor. So, the method of average
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income does not give correct picture of a country.

This criterion hides disparities among people.

Q11. What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the national development?
Ans:
National development means the ideology of different persons regarding countries' development. These ideologies could be at times
conflicting. It is measured by average income and per capita income.
The following aspects or points are covered under the national development:
1. If there are conflicts how does one decide?
2. We also have to think whether there is a better way of doing things.
3. Would the idea benefit a large number of people or only a small group?

Q12. "Money cannot buy all the goods and services that a person may need to live well." Explain the statement with suitable
examples.
Ans:
1. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use.
2. Our money cannot buy for us a pollution-free environment or ensure that you get unadulterated medicines, unless we can afford
to shift to a community that already has all these things.
3. Money may also not be able to protect us from infectious diseases, unless the whole of our community takes preventive steps.
4. The average person in Punjab has more income than the average person in Kerala but lags behind, many crucial areas such as
literacy rate, infant mortality rate, etc.

Q13. Distinguish between the following:

1. National income and per capita income.
2. Renewable and non-renewable resources.
3. Developed and underdeveloped countries.
Ans:

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1. The sum total of all goods and services produced within a country during a period of one year plus net income from abroad is
called national income. It is the ratio of income of the country for a particular year to the population of that country of that year
whereas per capita income is the total income of the country divided by its total population.
2. Resources that are replenished by nature are known as renewable resources, e.g. groundwater. Resources that are not
replenished that is those which will get exhausted after some time are known as non-renewable resources, e.g., crude oil.
3. A developed country is one which possesses the characteristics of higher standard of living of the people, fuller utilisation of
resources, and a modern technology whereas an underdeveloped country is one which lacks the use of modern technology, has
low per capita income of the people, and under-utilisation of the resources.

Q14. Mention the differences between developed countries and developing countries.
Ans:
Comparison Chart
Basis Developed Countries Developing Countries
A country having an effective rate of industriali A country which has a slow rate of industrialisatio
Definition
sation and individual income n and low per capita income.
Status Independent and Prosperous Dependent and impoverished.
Available Resource
Effectively utilised Ineffectively utilized.
s
Dependency Self-contained and flourished Dependent and emerging to be developed.
Literacy Rate High Low
High standard of living and a better environme Moderate standard of living in terms of health and
Infrastructure
nt in terms of health and safety safety.
They rely on the developed countries for their gro
Growth High Industrial Growth.
wth.
Low infant mortality rate, death rate and birth High infant mortality rate, death rate and birth rat
Rates

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rate while high life expectancy rate e, along with low life expectancy rate.
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Poverty and Unem
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Low High.
ployment

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Generates more re

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Industrial sector Service sector.
venue from
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Distribution of Inc
Equal Unequal.
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HDI (Human Devel

High Low.
opment Index)
GDP High Low.

Q15. Explain the meaning of HDI. Mention three components of measuring HDI.
Ans:
HDI stands for Human Development Index. It may be defined as the process of widening people’s choice as well as raising the level
of well-being. The concept of HDI goes beyond income and growth to cover all human choices. It puts the people at the centre stage
and covers all aspects of human development with the object of improving the conditions of people from all angles. It is a broader
approach to development.
Components of Measuring HDI:
1. Life Expectancy: It is the average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.
2. Per Capita Income: Mean income of the people is an economic unit. It is calculated by dividing the total national income of a
country by population. It is calculated in dollars for all the countries so that it can be compared.
3. Gross Enrolment Ratio for Three Levels: It means enrolment ratio for primary schools, secondary schools and higher education
beyond secondary level.

Q16. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development
Ans:
We use averages because they are useful for comparing differing quantities of the same category. For example, to compute the per
capita income of a country, averages have to be used because there are differences in the incomes of diverse people. However, there
are limitations to the use of averages. Even though they are useful for comparison, they may also hide disparities. For example, the
infant mortality rate of a country does not differentiate between the male and female infants born in that country. Such an average
tells us nothing about whether the numbers of children dying before the age of one are mostly boys or girls.

Q17. “The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person”. How is this
statement relevant to the disscusion of development? Discuss.
Ans:
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Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation
specific. Our future is linked together.
The reckless exploitation of resources which are limited in stock may lead to their exhaustion. The reckless use of fossil fuels and
minerals may disturb the balance in nature. Therefore, it is necessary to use resources judiciously and adopt the environment
friendly strategies of development.
Q18. What does sustainability of develop ment mean? How can sustainable development be achieved?
Ans:
1. Sustainability of development means that development which is not only for the present time but is also for the future
generations. Sustainability is the capacity to use the resources judiciously and maintain the ecological balance.
2. Every generation wants to get the maximum benefits from the available resources but such a thing would be quite disastrous
because the available resources shall be exhausted within a short time and the coming generations will be deprived of such
resources.
3. Environmental degradation can be observed in different ways. Deforestation, falling levels of groundwater, soil erosion, water
pollution, burning of fossil fuels, the hole in the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme air pollution
especially in urban areas are some of the examples of environmental degradation.

Sustainable development can be achieved by judicious use of both renewable and non-renewable resources and without disturbing
the balance of environment keeping in mind the requirement for present and future generations.

Q19. What is the implication of having high HDI for the country?
Ans:

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Human Development Index is known as HDI.
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It determines the development of a countries population looking through the per capita income, health, education and many other
social factors.
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Through the HDI a countries social health in large and economic health, in general, is reflected. The real development is reflected
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through this index.

When a country has a high HDI, it essentially means that the lifespan is higher, the education levels are higher along with higher per
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capita income. This makes the country a developed country. Countries like USA, France Japan have high HDIs’ making them
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developed countries.

Q20. What is the criterion used by the UNDP for classifying countries?
Ans:
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has used the criterion of Human Development Index to measure the development
of countries.
HDI is calculated on the basis of:
1. Per capita income: When the total national income of the country is divided by its population, we get the per capita income.
2. Life expectancy: It measures the average age of a person in a country. It helps us to know the health facilities of a country.
3. Literacy rate: Education is also one of the most important criteria for the development of a country.
4. Gross enrolment ratio: It measures the education gained at three levels—at the primary, secondary and higher education level.
Per capita income is also calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be compared easily. HDI has been calculated for about
177 countries. According to it, the rank of India is 131 and the rank of Sri Lanka is 73, which is much better than that of India. We are
required to make progress in the education and health sectors as yet.

Q21. What are the developmental goals of landless rural labourers, prosperous farmers and, farmers who depend only on rains?
Ans:
Developmental goals and aspirations for these farmers are different:
1. Landless Rural Labourers: They would like to have more days of work and better wages; local schools to provide quality education
to their children; there should not be any social discrimination so that they too can become leaders in the village.
2. Prosperous Farmers: They should have assurance of high family income through higher support prices for their crops through
hardworking and cheap labourers. They also want that they should be able to settle their children abroad.
3. Farmers who depend Only on Rains: These kind of farmers’ main goal is to have irrigational facilities, crop insurances on less
premium and better facilities of life for them as well as their children.

Q22. Name some allied-agricultural activities to need to be promoted to solve the problem of unemployment.
Ans:

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Agricultural sector often faces underemployment or disguised unemployment in India. To eradicate such disadvantages, There are
many allied agricultural activities that need to be promoted to solve the problem of unemployment like Dairy farming that can give
employment to various people.
Promoting small and medium enterprises that are dependent or related to agriculture like cottage industries etc.
These include a multi-cropping system, promotion and location of agro-based industries in semi-rural and rural areas.

Q23. In Tamil Nadu, 75 percent of the people living in rural areas use a ration shop, whereas in Jharkhand only 8 percent of rural
people do so. Where would people be better off and why?
Ans:
In Tamil Nadu, 75% people are living in rural areas and they use ration shop, whereas in Jharkhand only 8% of rural people are living
there use a grocery store, so clearly we can see that people are doing better in Tamil Nadu as there are 75% of people are being
provided the facilities by the Public Distribution System. And on the second hand people of Jharkhand are not in good condition.

Q24. Why is literacy essential for the economic development? Explain.

Ans:
Literacy is an essential element for the economic development since:
1. Education only gives us vast knowledge.
2. A literate person is eligible to get suitable employment.
3. Education develops the ability to implement modern technology.
4. With the knowledge of professionals, technology can develop and help in the development of the country.
5. Literate people understand the importance of remaining healthy and stay away from the deadly disease.

Q25. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a
useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
Ans:
Some Comparative Datas on Punjab and Kerala.
State Infant Mortality Rate per 1,00 Literacy Rate (%) Net-Attendance Ratio for class l-V Per Capita Income for 2000

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s 0 (2003) (2001) (1995-96)
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Punj
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49 70 81 26,000
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Keral
11 91 91 22,800
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I do agree in full with it.

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Discussion:
1. No doubt Kerala’s per capita income is lower than Punjab as given in table. But the other factors such as infant mortality rate per
1,000 (year 2003) is 11 in Kerala while it is 49 in Punjab. It indicates health facilities are neglected in Punjab.
2. Another criterion of net attendance ratio is also more favourable in Kerala than Punjab.
3. Total literacy rate of Kerala is also more favourable than Punjab.

Q26. 1. Mention two developmental goals of prosperous farmers from Punjab.

2. Why has Kerala a higher Human Development Index than Punjab in spite of low per capita income?
Ans:
1. Two developmental goals of prosperous farmers from Punjab:
High family income through higher support prices for their crops and through hardworking and cheap labourers.
Ability to get their children settled abroad.

2. Per capita income of Punjab is higher than Kerala as:

Literacy rate of Punjab according to 2011 census is 75.84% and Kerala is 94%, i.e., Punjab lags behind Kerala.
Therefore, income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use.
Over the past decade, health and education indicators have come to be widely used among with income as a measure of
development.
Kerala has a low infant mortality rate as it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.

Q27. Find out present sources of energy used by people in India. What could be possibilities fifty years from now?
Ans:
The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cowdung and solar energy. At
present, consumption of energy in India is too high in comparison to its production and reserves. India's known reserves of oil are
expected to last about 30-40 years only. So therefore other possibilities fifty years from now, could include ethanol, bio-diesel,
nuclear energy and a better utilisation of wind energy, especially with the imminent danger of oil resources running out.

Q28. Distinguish between total income and average income. Which one is a better incident of economic development and why?

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Ans:
Total Income is the income on which tax liability is determined. Total income is also know as the sum of money recieved by an
individual or an organization. It measures the size of the economy.
Average income or Per capita income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a
specified year. It measures the prosperity of the country.
Average income is the better indicator of economic development, because it divides total income by total population and it adds up-
to the countries economy.

Q29. The average person in Punjab has more income than the average person in Kerala but lags behind in other crucial areas. Why?
OR
Explain with reasons why state of Punjab with a very high per capita income has a very low literacy rate.
OR
How is it that the average person in Punjab has more income than the average person in Kerala but it lags behind many other
crucial areas? Explain.
Ans:
1. Per capita income of Punjab is higher than Kerala.
2. Literacy rate of Punjab according to 2011 census is 75.84% and Kerala is 94%, i.e., Punjab lags behind Kerala.
3. Therefore, income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use.
4. Over the past decade, health and education indicators have come to be widely used along with income as a measure of
development.
5. Kerala has a low infant mortality rate as it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.

Q30. What do you understand by sustainability of development? What can be done to make development sustainable?
Ans:
Sustainability of development means economic development without any damage to the environment.
However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels
of development are not sustainable.

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To make development sustainable, non-renewable sources of energy are to be saved for the future generation. The development of

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the country would continue but the technology has to be made eco-friendlyso that it does not harm the environment.

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Q31. The following table shows the proportion of undernourished adults in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year
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2001. Look at the table and answer the following questions.
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State Male (%) Female (%)

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Kerala 22 19
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Karnataka 36 38
Madhya Pradesh 43 42
All States 37 36

1. Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.

2. Can you guess why around 40 per cent of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is
enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.
Ans:
1. The nutritional level of people of Kerala is quite higher than the people of Madhya Pradesh. Their ratio of the under-nourished is
less than that of Madhya Pradesh.
Kerala has only 22% male and 19% female adults living undernourished whereas percentage of undernourished in Madhya Pradesh
is 43% adult males and 42% adult females.
2. There is enough food in the country, even then 40% of the people in the country are undernourished because:
1. A large number of people are so poor that they cannot afford nutritious food. There is lack of educational and health facilities in
many parts of the country.
2. In most of the states, the Public Distribution System (PDS) does not function properly and the poor people cannot get cheap food
items.

Q32. Distinguish between developed countries and developing countries.

Ans:
S.
N Developed Countries Developing countries
o
The rates of saving, investment, capital information are also very h They are on the path of development, and the l
1 igh and the commodities are produced on a large scale with the h evel of income is on rise along with the advance
elp of modern technology. ment of technology.

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The standard of living of the people is not very h

2 The standard of living of the people is very high.
igh.
Life expectancy is low due to less health facilitie
3 Life expectancy is high due to good health facilities.
s.
Literacy rates are low due to less educational fac
4 Literacy rates are high due to better education.
ilities.
5 Example- USA Example- India.

Q33. What is the necessity of comparing different countries or states? Give one example of a recent model of comparison.
Ans:
Different countries in the world are compared in order to find the developmental rates of each country or a state. How can we find
that which country has the highest percapita income or in which country the literacy rates are high? It is only by compariong various
countries we come to know about which country offer better job opportunities or better working conditions. Based on the
development reports also, many investors invest in the country which has better infrastructure, technology and have politically
stable government.
Generally we use a model of comparison which uses per capita income of the country, the literacy rates and the general health levels
of the people as the criteria for comparing the notion of development among the countries.

Q34. Why do different people have different notions of development? Explain with examples.
OR
Why do different individuals have different as well as conflicting notions of development goals?
Ans:
1. Ideologies of different people regarding different notions of development could be at times conflicting.
2. Developmental goals are the aspirations and desires of the people. They are different for different individuals. Since people come
from different situations, therefore, their developmental goals differ.
3. They seek things that are most important for them, i.e., that which can fulfil their aspirations or desires. In fact, at times, two

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persons or groups of persons may seek things which are conflicting.
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4. A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother, and that he also shares in the household work. Her brother may
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5. Similarly, to get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of
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people who are displaced such as tribals. They might resent this and may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.
6. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is an example of conflicting developmental goals for the people who are being affected by it. While the
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people of Gujarat are happy as they will get water for irrigation and drinking in the areas which are deficient in water but the
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people of Madhya Pradesh are disappointed as their villages and large part of land will submerge in water thereby leaving them
landless, uprooted from their place of work with insufficient compensation and no source of job at the place of their living.

Q35. Write were limitations of the average value.

Ans:
Averages are used because to classify the countries based on only their total income is not correct as different countries have
different populations. However, calculations based on average income have its own limitation because it does not tell us about
whether the distribution of income in a country is distributed equally or unequally.
For example, there are two countries X and Y with five citizens each. Following table tells us about the income of these citizens.
Coun Citizen A (Monthly inco Citizen B (Monthly inco Citizen C (Monthly inco Citizen D (Monthly inco Average Inc
try me in Rs) me in Rs) me in Rs) me in Rs) ome
X 20,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 Rs. 6,000
Y 2,000 3,000 3500 3500 Rs. 3000

In the above example, the average income of country X and Y is Rs. 6000 and Rs. 3,000 respectively. But we see that while the
average income of country X is the double of country Y, there is more disparity of income in country X than in country Y.

Q36. Identify different thrust areas of Human Development.

Ans:
Major thrust areas for Human Resource Development (HRD) are:
1. Education in India and development of human resources: To improve the pace of capital formation, human resource
development is essential in the form of change in the existing educational system and also by increasing expenditure on
education. The changes should include elementary education especially universalisation of free and compulsory education up to
the age of 14, to regulate with new facilities being created for deprived sections such as girls, SCs and STs in rural areas, thrust to
vocationalisation of secondary education a centrally sponsored scheme was launched in February, 1998, thrust for higher
education etc.

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2. Health and nutrition: Based on Health Survey and Development Committee, 1946 and the Health Survey Planning Committee,
the Government of India raised the health standard provisions to ensure the control of epidemics, better health services to
control various diseases, to train employees in health department and primary health center development in the rural sector.
During the planning period, Government of India initiated family welfare and nutritional programmes for vulnerable groups, a
special health scheme to provide a few medical facilities to relatively neglected sections of the society, to raise the number of
hospital beds in urban areas and rural hospitals, improv­ing the health status of the population by full coverage and quality of care
in infrastructure, manpower, equipment etc.
3. Gender equality: Removal of gender disparity in the educational system, improved working condition, equal treatment and
secured environment for women to take up jobs in the society. In a nation, the empowered women contribute to health, nutrition
and productivity of family which helps to improve the whole community prospects for the future generation.

Q37. Suggest some of the measures for sustainable development.

Ans:
1. Using natural resources properly and scientifically.
2. Reducing pollution or environmental degradation.
3. Protecting flora and fauna from human exploitation.
4. Using even inexhaustible resources (wind, solar energy, etc.) in a cautious manner.
5. Using land for cultivation wisely so that its fertility is maintained.
6. Controlling over uses and creating an awareness to provide sustainable development.
7. Increased use of renewable resources.
8. Less use of fossil fuels.
9. Introduction of organic farming.
10. Adopting measures to reduce global warming.

Q38. With the help of an example show two groups may have different notions of development.
OR
"What may be development for one may not be development for the other?” Explain by giving examples.

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1. Sustainability of development means that development which is not only for the present time but is also for the future

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generations. Sustainability is the capacity to use the resources judiciously and maintain the ecological balance.

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2. Every generation wants to get the maximum benefits from the available resources but such a thing would be quite disastrous
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because the available resources shall be exhausted within a short time and the coming generations will be deprived of such
resources.
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3. Environmental degradation can be observed in different ways. Deforestation, falling levels of groundwater, soil erosion, water
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pollution, burning of fossil fuels, the hole in the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme air pollution
especially in urban areas are some of the examples of environmental degradation.
Sustainable development can be achieved by judicious use of both renewable and non-renewable resources and without disturbing
the balance of environment keeping in mind the requirement for present and future generations.

Q39. Discuss the value associated with public facilities.

Ans:
Public facilities are services provided by the government to its citizens. Some of the important public facilities include infrastructure,
sanitation, public transport, health care, water, etc. The government's main objective is to provide these public facilities to citizens
and businesses to manage social and economic activities more smoothly. some of the public facilities in India are:
Infrastructure: Infrastructure includes public roads, bridges, highways, dams and electricity. The government is proposing various
initiatives and programs to put this infrastructure in place. The provision of this basic infrastructure ensures the safe movement of
people and materials in all regions of the country. India has come a long way in infrastructure development, but much work remains
to be done as some remote areas of the country are still not connected to other developed regions.
Public transport: Good public transportation is an essential facility that allows citizens of the country to travel locally and across the
country faster, safer and more affordable. Public transport includes railways, buses, airlines, etc. The connectivity of the different
regions of the country between them is taken into consideration when planning public transport. Railways and buses have good
connectivity in India however, air connectivity remains a problem for some regions but slowly the situation is improving.
Health care: Health is one of the most important public facilities that must be provided by the government. Planning and
implementation of government medical facilities such as hospitals, health centres and affordable drugs should be carried out in all
regions of the country. In India, the government has set up civilian hospitals and medical centres in various parts of the country,
which provide basic services to advance medical aid to citizens. In addition to this, the government has also set up research and
development centres that are constantly working to develop medical solutions for some of the modern diseases.

Q40. Mention the aspirations or development goals for the following:

1. A boy from rich urban family.
2. A girl from rich urban family.
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3. Landless rural labourers.

4. Urban employed youth.
Ans:
1. A boy from rich urban family:
1. Good education.
2. A motor car.
3. Full facilities for going abroad.
2. A girl from rich urban family:
1. To get as much freedom as her brother enjoys.
2. Freedom to decide her own future including her marriage.
3. If possible, to go abroad to get higher education.
3. Landless rural labourers:
1. More days of work and better wages.
2. Educational facilities to provide quality education to their children.
3. No social discrimination so that their children could become leaders in the village.
4. Urban employed youth:
1. To get a better job at the earliest.
2. Banks should provide him loans at cheaper rates.
3. Government should provide him social security as in foreign lands.

Q41. What are public facilities? Give exaples.

Ans:
The following points:
1. Public facilities includes facilities like health, electricity, water, sanitation, schools provided by the government.
2. Since these facilities are provided by government, the latter has to ensure that they are within everybody's reach and are
affordable.

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3. These facilities are must for a person to live a dignified life.
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4. Government must ensure universal access to such facilities.
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5. Denial of such facilities would amount to violation of fundamental rights.
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6. These facilities are important for the growth and development of the society and country at large.
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7. It is imperative that such services reach to all, transcending all differences.
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8. These facilities uphold the values of justice, equality in terms of having universal access to these services and fairness.
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9. They also uphold freedom to use such services.

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10. These services underline the value of leading a dignified life.

Q42. Classify resources on the basis of the status of development into four groups. Explain the main features of each group.
Ans:
On the basis of development, resources can be classified into four main groups: Potential resources, developed resources, stock
resources and reserve resources. Their main features are
1. Potential resources: Potential resources are those resources which are found in the region but have not been used. For example,
the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan have tremendous potential for the development of solar energy, but it has not been fully used
till yet.
2. Developed resources: Developed resources are those resources whose quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation.
3. Stock: These are resources which can satisfy human needs, but humans do not have the technical know-how to utilise these
resources.
4. Reserves: Humans have the technology of harnessing the reserve resources, but their use has not been started.
Q43. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
CRUDE OIL RESERVES
Regions/ Countries Reserves (2017) (Thousand Million Barrels) Number of Years Reserves will last
Middle East 808 70
United States of America 50 10.5
World 1697 50.2

The table gives an estimate of reserves of crude oil (column1). More importantly, it also tells us for how many years the stock of
crude oil will last if people continue to extract it at the present rate. The reserves would last only 50 years more. This is for the
world as a whole. However, different countries face different situations. Countries like India depend on importing oil from
abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. If prices of oil increase this becomes a burden for everyone.
There are countries like the USA which have low reserves and hence want to secure oil through military or economic power. The
question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development.

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1. The stock of Crude Oil for the world will last for how many more years?
1. 70 years
2. 60 years
3. 40 years
4. 50 years
2. The reserve of Crude Oil available in the Middle is how many times more than the reserves in the USA?
1. 15 times
2. 16 times
3. 14 times
4. 17 times
3. Which among the following is a Judicious use of Crude Oil Reserves.
1. Importing from other countries for domestic use.
2. Overuse of non renewable resources.
3. Use of alternative sources of resources.
4. None of these.
4. How do powerful countries secure oil for their use?
1. Through military or economic power.
2. By buying from the Middle East at higher prices.
3. By using alternative sources of energy.
4. Putting a restriction on usage of Crude oil in their territories.
Ans:
1. (d) 50 years
2. (b) 16 times
3. (c) Use of alternative sources of resources.
4. (a) Through military or economic power.

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Q44. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
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One way to find out if we are properly nourished is to calculate what nutrition scientists call it BMI. This is easy to calculate. Let
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each student in the class find out his or her weight and height. Take the weight of each student in kilograms (kg). Then, take the
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height by drawing up a scale on the wall and measuring accurately with the head straight. Convert the height recorded in
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centimeters into meters. Divide the weight in kg by the square of the height. The number you get is called BMI. Then, look at
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the BMI-for-Age tables given on pages 90–91. A student’s BMI could be within the normal range or less than that (underweight)
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or more (obesity). For example, if a girl student is 14 years and 8 month old and the BMI is 15.2, then she is undernourished.
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Similarly, if the BMI of a boy aged 15 years and 6 months is 28, then he is overweight. Discuss the life situation, food and
exercise habits of students, in general, without body shaming anyone.
1. What is BMI?
1. Body mass information.
2. Body mean information.
3. Body mean index.
4. Body mass index.
2. Identify the correct formula to calculate the BMI.
1. Height/ Weight2
2. Weight/ height2
3. Weight/ height
4. Weight2/ heigh
3. Rahul is 5 ft 6 inches tall and he weighs 82 kilos. Calculate his BMI.
1. 23.5
2. 29.2
3. 27.6
4. 21.3
4. According to Rahul’s BMI, he is _______.
1. Overweight.
2. Underweight.
3. Normal.
4. Obese.
Ans:
1. (d) Body mass index.
2. (b) Weight/ height2
3. (b) 29.2

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4. (a) Overweight.

Q45. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Do you know that in India about 60 percent of the population belongs to the age group 5-29 years? Out of this, only about 51
per cent are attending educational institutions. The rest and particularly those aged less than 18 years may be at home or many
of them may be working as child labourers. If these children are to attend schools, we will require more buildings, more
teachers and other staff. A study conducted by the erstwhile Planning Commission estimates that nearly 20 lakh jobs can be
created in the education sector alone. Similarly, if we are to improve the health situation, we need many more doctors, nurses,
health workers etc. to work in rural areas. These are some ways by which jobs would be created and we would also be able to
address the important aspects of development. Every state or region has potential for increasing the income and employment
for people in that area. It could be tourism, or regional craft industry, or new services like IT. Some of these would require
proper planning and support from the government. For example, the same study by the Planning Commission says that if
tourism as a sector is improved, every year we can give additional employment to more than 35 lakh people.
1. The erstwhile Planning commission is now named as:
1. Planned Commission.
2. NITI Aayojana.
3. NITI Aayog.
4. Planned Aayojana.
2. The total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending schools as a percentage of total number of children
in the same age group is called:
1. Gross enrolment ratio.
2. Literacy rate.
3. Net attendance ratio.
4. None of these.
3. Tertiary sector is becoming so important in India because:
1. These activities do not produce a good by themselves.

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2. These activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.

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3. These activities are an aid or support for the production process.
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4. These activities generate goods rather than services.
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4. The primary sector continues to be the largest employer even now because:
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1. People barely manage to earn a living.
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2. Enough jobs were not created in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
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3. Government has not taken any responsibility for providing basic services.
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4. None of these.
Ans:
1. (c) NITI Aayog.
2. (c) Net attendance ratio.
3. (b) These activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
4. (b) Enough jobs were not created in the secondary and tertiary sectors.

Q46. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Some comparative data on Kerala, Haryana and Bihar
Literacy r
Infant mortality rate per 1,000 li Net attendance ratio (per 100 per persons) secondary stage (a
State ate %
ve births (2017) ge 14 and 15 years) 2013-2014
2011
Hary
30 82 61
ana
Keral
10 94 83
a
Bihar 35 62 43

Kerala, out of 1000 children born, 10died before completing one year of age but in Haryana the proportion of children dying
within one year of birth was 30, which is two times more than that of Kerala. On the other hand, the per capita income of
Haryana is more than that of Kerala. Just think of how dear you are toy our parents, think of how every one is so happy when a
child is born. Now, try to think of parents whose children die before they even celebrate their first birthday. How painful it must
be to these parents? Next, note the year to which this data pertains. It is 2017. So we are not talking of old times; it is70 years
after independence when our metro cities are full of high rise buildings and shopping malls. The problem does not end with
Infant Mortality Rate. The last column of table 1.4 shows around half of the children aged 14-15 in Bihar are not attending
school beyond Class 8. This means that if you went to school in Bihar nearly half of your elementary class would be missing.
Those who could have been in school are not there. If this had happened to you, you would not be able to read what you are
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reading now. How is it that the average person in Haryana has more income than the average person in Kerala but lags behind
in these crucial areas? The reason is money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.
So, income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. For
example, normally, your money cannot buy you a pollution-free environment or ensure that you get unadulterated medicines,
unless you can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things. Money may also not be able to protect you from
infectious diseases, unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps. Even now, in many areas, children, particularly
girls, are not able to go to high school because the government/ society has not provided adequate facilities. Kerala has a low
Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities. Similarly, in some states, the
Public Distribution System (PDS)functions well. Health and nutritional status of people of such states is certainly likely to be
better.
1. Identify the IMR of Haryana in 2017 and the literacy rate of Haryana in 2011 from the following options.
1. 30%, 82%
2. 94%, 62%
3. 40%, 94%
4. None of these.
2. From the above passage, identify the reason behind the low infant mortality rate of kerala.
1. Status of people.
2. Adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
3. The per capita income is more.
4. All of these.
3. Identify the things that we cannot buy with money.
1. Pollution free environment.
2. Protect us from infectious diseases.
3. Clothes and cars.
4. Both A and B.

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4. The passage given above is related to which of the following options?
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1. Exhaustion of natural resources.
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2. Tax.

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3. Income and public facilities.

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4. All of these.
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Ans:
1. (a) 30%, 82%
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2. (d) All of these.

3. (a) Pollution free environment.
4. (a) Exhaustion of natural resources.

Q47. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Suppose for the present that a particular country is quite developed. We would certainly like this level of development to go up
further or at least be maintained for future generations. This is obviously desirable. However, since the second half of the
twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels, of development are not
sustainable.
Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and
plants. However, even these resources may be overused. For example, in the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is
being replenished by rain then we would be overusing this resource.
Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or
nation specific. Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which
scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.
1. Pick out the cause that enhances environmental degradation.
1. Planting trees.
2. Prevention of factory wastes getting mixed up with river water.
3. Ban on using plastic bags.
4. Allowing an increase in the level of exhaust fumes emited by cars, buses trucks etc.
2. Which of the following statement defines sustainable development?
1. Sustainable use of natural resources without considering the need of future generations.
2. The present generation fulfills its needs while considering the needs of the future generations as well.
3. It means the utilisation of natural resources by the past, present and the future generations.
4. To meet the needs of the future generations even if the needs of the present generation is not met.
3. What kind of development should be achieved by making a sincere attempt to preserve the environment and resources.
1. Economic Development.

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2. Social Development.
3. Sustainable Development.
4. Political Development.
4. The future generation may not have sufficient resources as compared to the present generation because:
1. Resources are being used judiciously by the present generation, which will make them exhausted.
2. Resources are being used optimally by the present generation which will make them exhausted.
3. Resources are being overused by present generation, which will make them exhausted.
4. Resources are not being used by the present generation, which will make them exhausted.
Ans:
1. (d) Allowing an increase in the level of exhaust fumes emited by cars, buses trucks etc.
2. (b) The present generation fulfills its needs while considering the needs of the future generations as well.
3. (c) Sustainable Development.
4. (c) Resources are being overused by present generation, which will make them exhausted.

Q48. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
''Here are many activities that are undertaken by directly using natural resources. Since most of the natural products we get are
from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called agriculture and related sectors. The secondary sector covers
activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing. This could be in a factory, a
workshop, or at home. For example, using cotton fibre from the plant, we spin yarn and weave cloth. Since this sector gradually
became associated with the different kinds of industries that came up, it is also called the industrial sector. After primary and
secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and are different from the above two. These
are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not
produce a good but they are an aid or support for the production process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary
or secondary sector would need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops. At times, it
may be necessary to store these in godowns. Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary
activities. Since these activities generate services rather than goods, the tertiary sector is also called the service sector. The

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service sector also includes some essential services that may not directly help in the production of goods. For example, we

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require teachers, doctors, and those who provide personal services such as washermen, barbers, cobblers, lawyers, and people
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to do administrative and accounting work''
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1. Secondary sector: Workers in a match factory, Tertiary sector: _______.
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1. Beekeeper.
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2. Milk vendor.
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3. Handloom worker.
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4. Tailor.
2. Which is the correct option for classification based on nature of activities?
1. Organised and unorganised sector.
2. Public sector and private sector.
3. Primary, secondary and tertiary sector.
4. None of these.
3. "After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and is different from
the above two." Which of the following is incorrect regarding the given statement?
1. These activities do not produce a good by themselves.
2. These activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
3. These activities are an aid or support for the production process.
4. These activities generate goods rather than services.
4. Choose the incorrect pair:
1. Call centre employee-Secondary sector.
2. IT specialists-Quaternary sector.
3. Potter-Primary Sector.
4. Money Lender-Tertiary sector.
Ans:
1. (b) Milk vendor.
2. (c) Primary, secondary and tertiary sector.
3. (d) These activities generate goods rather than services.
4. (a) Call centre employee-Secondary sector.

Q49. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income
are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding that more incomemeans more of all
things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So,
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greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and
certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
1. Which country can be considered as a developed country in the modern world? Select your answer from the following
statements.
1. Countries which have accumulated huge amounts of wealth and always secures the future of their citizens. These
countries are considered to be developed.
2. Countries which are among the highest in the 'Human Development Index' are considered to be the developed countries.
3. Only rich countries are considered to be developed because people have money to buy everything needed for human
beings both material and non-material.
4. Iran is a rich country and therefore it is a developed country.
2. What is considered to be one of the most important attributes when we compare countries at the level of development?
1. Industrial development.
2. Resources of the country.
3. Income.
4. Import-export.
3. The Middle East countries even though are rich countries; but they are not considered as a developed country because.
1. Its high income is because of Oil exports and not because of development.
2. It has all the facilities of a developed country because of its high income.
3. Even after sufficient development they are still not considered as developed countries.
4. It does not have many facilities so they are not treated as developed countries.
4. ______ is the total income of the country divided by its total population.
1. Gross income.
2. Per capita income.
3. Total income.
4. Net income.

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1. (b) Countries which are among the highest in the 'Human Development Index' are considered to be the developed countries.
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2. (c) Income.

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3. (A) Its high income is because of Oil exports and not because of development.

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4. (B) Per capita income.
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Q50. Study the following table and answer the questions given below.
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Undernourished male adults in various villa Undernourished female adults in various villa
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Village
ges (%) ges (%)
Village A 35 33
Village B 42 38
Village C 52 45
All villag
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Compare:
1. The nutritional level of village B with village C. What does it imply?
2. Village A with all villages. What does it imply?
Ans:
1. Village B is better nourished than village C. This implies better distribution of food and income among the people of village B.
2. On comparing village A with all villages we find that village A is much more undernourished. This indicates lack of proper
employment facilities and also the distribution of the food.
Q51. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in household and society increases. What conditions can
encourage women to get engaged in paid works?
Ans:
Q52. Which three development goals will you like to prescribe for rural labourers?
Ans:
Three development goals for rural labourers:
1. More days of work and better wages.
2. Local schools to provide quality education for their children.
3. There will be no social discrimination.

Q53. Which index is used to compare the nutritional level?

Ans:
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The index that is applied to analyze the nutritional level is estimated as Body Mass Index (BMI), and it is acquired from the weight
(mass) and height of a person. The BMI is described as the body mass divided by the square of the body height and is extensively
represented in units of kg/m2, emerging from the mass height of the individual measured in kilograms and meters. It describes
individuals as underweight, healthy weight, overweight or fat based on the BMI.
Q54. ‘‘Conflicting goals can be developmental goals”. Elaborate with examples.
Ans:
At times, two persons or group of persons may seek things which are conflicting.
A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother, and that he also shares in the household work. Her brother may not
like this.
Similarly, to get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people,
who are displaced, such as the tribals.
Q55. How is the developmental report published by the World Bank and UNDP different?
Ans:
The principles used by the UNDP for measuring development is different from the one used by the World Bank in the sense that it
(UNDP) uses a combination of factors such as educational level of the people, their health status and per capita income as indicators
of development. It does not rely solely on per capita income, as is the case with the World Bank.
Q56. Although the level of income is an important indicator of development, it is an inadequate measure of the level of
development.’ Justify the statement.
Ans:
The level of income is important yet it is an inadequate measure of the level of development because only material can be bought
with money but non-materialistic development does not depend on money.
These may include things like freedom, equality, security, health, access to facilities and education.
These needs can be fulfilled with the help of money or income.
So, it is important for development.

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Q57. Which neighbouring country of India has better performance in terms of human development than India?

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Sri Lanka has the more better performance regarding the human development than India. Sri Lanka is the island of the nation of
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south India in the Indian ocean. It has the landscapes from the rain forests and the plains from the high lands and the beaches.
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Q58. What is Human Development Index? Which organization HDI? Explain the three major indicators of HDI.
Ans:
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The Human Development Index is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators, which r used
to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
The HDI was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq for the UNDP. Published by UNDP compares countries based on the
educational levels of the people and their health status and per capita.
The HDI was calculated in 2010 using the following indicators: Health- Life expectancy at birth. Education- expected years Scholling
for schools- age children and average years of Scholling in the adult population. Income measured by Gross National Income(GNI)
per capita (PPP).

Q59. What is development? What are the two aspects of development?

Ans:
Development is such a situation that can fulfil the aspirations or desires of people. It is the progress or improvement in the lifestyles
of the people. Two aspects of development are:
1. Different persons can have different developmental goals.
2. What may be development for one, may not be development for the other.
Q60. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
Ans:
World bank only uses per capita income for measuring development while UNDP uses many other factors like infant mortality,
healthcare facility education level which help in improving the quality of life and helps in making the citizens more productive. As per
HDI-2014, India's rank is 135. On the other hand, the World Bank uses per capita income as the only criterion for measuring
development and classifying the countries as rich and poor.

Q61. Why do you think average income is an important criterion for development? Explain.
Ans:
Income can enable people to at least make provision for basic necessities of life. If the average income of a country is on a higher
side, its chances of faring better on development index are better. Hence, average income can be an important criterion for
development.
Q62. Give three examples where an average is used for comparing situations.
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Ans:
In the following cases, an average can be used for comparing the situations:
1. To compare the performance of cricket players.
2. We find out average daily income to compare income and living status of a casual labour.
3. Average is used for comparing performance of students in an examination.

Q63. Read this newspaper report and answer the questions that follow:

1. Who are the people who benefited and who did not?
2. What should be the developmental goal for this country?
Ans:
1. The people who have dumped the toxic waste are the benefitted and the people who haven’t are not benefitted and they
belonged to Abidjan in Ivory Coast, a country in Africa, where people were not aware of hygiene issues and they kept committing
mistakes daily and now they are suffering.
2. The development goals for the citizens of this country are to increase or raise their awareness towards the Pollution due to which
they are getting suffered, like they don’t know about sanitation and they keep dumping tonnes of liquid toxic waste in open-air in
a city that causes nausea, skin rashes, fainting, diarrhea etc.

Q64. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if
any?
Ans:
The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries:

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Countries with per capita income of US12616perannumandabovein2012, arecalledrichcountriesandthosewithpercapitaincomeofUS

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1035 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita

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income in 2012 was just US$ 1530 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small
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countries, are generally called developed countries.
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Limitations:
Limitations of this criterion are that while average income is useful for competition, it does not tell us how this income is distributed
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among people. A country may have more equitable distribution. People may be neither very rich nor extremely poor. But in another
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country with same average income, one person may be extremely rich, while others may be very poor. So, the method of average
income does not give correct picture of a country.
This criterion hides disparities among people.
Q65. ‘For development people look at a mix of goal’. Support the statements with suitable example.
Ans:
It is true that for development, people look at a mix of goals, e.g.:
1. If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. So dignity is an important goal.
2. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and greater acceptance
of women working outside.
3. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. These are goals other than
income. Hence development goal is not only for better income but for other important things in life.
Q66. Compare India and Sri Lanka on the basis of any three indicators of Human Development Index for 2004.
Ans:
1. Per capita income.
2. Life expectancy at birth.
3. Literacy rate for 15+ years population.
4. Gross enrolment ratio for three levels.
5. Sri Lanka is much ahead of India.
6. India’s HDI rank (126th) is far behind.Srilanka’s 93rd rank.
Q67. Which position was occupied by India in terms of HDI in Human Development Report, 2014?
Ans:
India's ranking on Human Development Index (HDI) rose by a notch in 2014 to 130th from 131st out of 188 a year earlier - according
to the 2015 edition of the Global Human Development report, released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
Q68. Does availability of good health and educational facilities depend only on amount of money spent by the government on these

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facilities? What other factors could be relevant?

Ans:
The availability of good health and educational facilities does not solely depend on amount of money spent rather in this case health
facilities are dependent on the capabilities of the doctors and quality of medicines and quantity of staff their behavior towards
patients and many more factors are there. So it would be wrong to say that it is solely dependent on money.
Q69. Explain some of the important ideas of the above section in your own words.
Ans:
Different persons can have different developmental goals. What may be development for one may not be development for the
other. It may even be destructive for the other. For example; a dam may be developmental goal for an industrialist, but the same
dam can create havoc with the life of people who need to be evacuated in the catchment area. Different people have different
developmental needs. These needs are based on their particular life situations. For example; for a person in a remote village, access
to an all weather road can be the developmental goal. On the other hand, for a person living in Delhi or Mumbai; construction of a
rapid mass transit system may be the developmental goal.
Q70. Do the following two statements mean the same? Justify your answer.
1. People have different developmental goals.
2. People have conflicting developmental goals.
Ans:
Both the statements are true but their meanings are different. Two people may have different developmental goals buy they need
not always be conflicting. For example; construction of a flyover to reduce waiting time at a railway crossing can be the
developmental goal for an office worker. But if the construction of the flyover necessitates demolition of slums, it can be
contradictory for the slum dwellers. But on the other hand, 24 hour electricity supply would be developmental goal for almost each
and every person.
Q71. What aims for maintaining the natural resources for the present as well as the future for consistent economic development?
Ans:

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The concept of sustainable development is applicable here. The resources have to be wisely and judiciously used. The recycling
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methods have to be adopted more. The alternatives to the existing energy sources have to be find out etc.
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Q72. According to the World Bank, What are low-income countries?
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The usual definition of a developing country is that adopted by the World Bank: “low-income developing countries” in 1985 were
defined as those with per capita incomes below
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400; “middle − incomedevelopingcountries”weredefinedasthosewithpercapitaincomesbetween400 and $4,000. To be sure, countries

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with the same per capita income may not otherwise resemble one another: some countries may derive much of their incomes from
capital-intensive enterprises, such as the extraction of oil.
Q73. Start one cause of high infant mortality rate.
Ans:
There are many different causes of infant mortality, from infection to birth defects or accidents. The main causes of infant mortality
in the United States are different than the main causes of infant death around the world. In addition, in the United States and
worldwide, the most common causes of infant death in the first weeks after birth are different than those that occur later in the first
year.

Q74. Compare the aspirational goals of a boy from a rich urban family and a girl from a rich urban family.
Ans:
The aspirational goals of these urban boys and girls can be different or sometimes conflicting.
1. A boy from a rich urban family: He would like to go for good education to a reputed institution, probably use a good branded
mobile, a laptop, an iPad.
2. A girl from a rich urban family: She should be able to pursue her studies abroad, get as much freedom as her brother and should
be able to decide what she wants to do. She would like to go for professional education and then pursue a job.

Q75. Which neighbouring country of India is ahead of it in HDI ranking?

Ans:
Among the other South-Asian countries, Sri Lanka ranked 76 with the HDI value of 0.77 and Maldives stood at 101 with
the HDI value of 0.717 were ahead of India. On the other hand, neighbours Bangladesh and Pakistan were ranked at 136 and 150
respectively. India's HDI value is above the average of 0.638 for the region.

Q76. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

Ans:

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Sustainable development means that the development at present should not hamper the needs of the future generation and it
should take place without damaging the environment. The issue of sustainability is important for development because
development must be in tandem with the future. If natural resources are not sustained, then development will stagnate after a point
of time. Exploiting resources unethically will ultimately undo the development that a country may have achieved. This is because in
the future, those resources will not be available for further progress.
Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation
specific .Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientists,
economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.
Q77. What are the developmental goals for landless rural labourers?
Ans:
Developmental goals for landless rural labourers are more days of work and better wages, local schools, which are able to provide
quality education for their children and there should not be any social discrimination and they too can become leaders in the village.
Q78. Why are public facilities needed for the development of the country?
Ans:
Public facilities are those basic facilities provided by the government to the general public.
Importance of public facilities are:
1. They help in developing by providing easy access to basic necessities.
2. Proper education and value education can be provided by the government.
3. Public distribution system (PDS) provides food security in a country.
Q79. Look at the picture. What should be the developmental goals for such an area?

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The developmental goals for such an area should be:

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Availing the loan facility for poor people to make houses and toilets.
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A secure ownership should be provided of the land on which they live.

Availing the services like electricity, water and sanitation.
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Removing unemployment by providing more and more job opportunities.

Medical facilities and hospitals.

Q80. Think of other examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision.
Ans:
In factories where goods and services are produced at mass scale, in mining areas and in manufacturing units where also goods are
produced and manufactured in bulk. So, few merchants prefer to sell their goods in wholesale and they don’t want any kind of
mediator in their work and all they want is that customers should come to them and purchase goods and services from them so here
both seller and buyer is benefitted in their own ways. Therefore it can be said that collective of goods and services is cheaper than
individual provision.
Q81. Describe the important aspects of our lives other than income.
Ans:
Important aspects of our lives which are more important than income:
1. Respect: Respect is very important in India. We should respect each n everyone. Give respect n take respect.
2. Peaceful life: Peace is really important other than income. So living the life peacefully is good.
3. Government facilities: As government schools, colleges n public buildings should be provided by the government.
4. Goverment: People choose their government on their own vote. So it's the most important thing.
Q82. What does human development mean? Beside income, what do the people aspire for?
Ans:
Human development means the development of an individual in such way that he could lead a happy life according to his cherished
wish and genius. The measures of looking at development other than income are quality of life and environmental sustainability.
Beside income, people aspire for regular work, better wages and decent price for their crops or other products. People also want
equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of others. They resent discrimination.

Q83. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Ans:

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Few examples of environmental degradation:

Deforestation.
Soil erosion.
Falling levels of ground water.
Depletion of the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme air pollution.
Water Pollution.

Q84. “Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.” Is it true or not? Elucidate.
Ans:
Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. Normally, money
cannot buy us a pollution-free environment or ensure that we get unadulterated medicines. Money may also not be able to protect
you from infectious diseases, unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps.
Q85. Write a paragraph on your notion of what should India do, or achieve, to become a developed country.
Ans:
When we look at the figures related to Human Development Index, India lags behind on several parameters. Although the life
expectancy, infant mortality, and literacy rate have shown improvement in 2011 census, much more needs to be done. Given the
vast population of India, the absolute number of infants how die before completing one year is very high. This can be attributed to
lack of proper healthcare, drinking water, sanitation and nutrition; especially in rural areas. India needs to develop facilities to
improve on these parameters to become a developed country.
Q86. ‘‘Average income is an important criterion for development’’. Justify.
Ans:
To check the criterion for the development of countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes.
Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income.
This is based on the understanding that more income means more of all the things that human beings need. Whatever people like,
and should have, they will be able to get with greater income.

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So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal.

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Q87. From the text, find out the per capita income level of middle-income countries as per WDR 2006.
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1. Sri Lanka: $ 4390.
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2. India: $ 3139.
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3. Pakistan: $ 2225.
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Q88. Mention any three characteristics of development.

Ans:
Characteristics of Development:
1. What may be development for one may not be development for the others.
2. For development, people look at mix goals.
3. Income is the most important component of development but along with income, people also seek equal treatment, good health,
peace and security, etc.
Q89. Which three efforts should be made by any country to improve its HDI?
Ans:
The three efforts which could be made by any country to improve its HDI are:
1. Providing 100% literacy to the people.
2. Improving health facilities.
3. Creating a pollution-free environment.

Q90. How is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain with examples.
Ans:
Sustainability is a matter of sharing development opportunity not the poverty and human deprivation. If the present is miserable
and unacceptable to the majority of the world's people it must be changed before it is sustained. In other words, what must be
sustained are worthwhile life opportunities, not human deprivation.
Sustainable development is the real economic development accompanied by an increase in economic welfare which can be
potentially shared by future generations also.
Example:
1. Ground water in India.
2. Exhaustion of Nation Resources.

Q91. Suggest any three ways to maintain Body Mass Index (BMI).
Ans:
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1. Eat healthy and nutritious food.

2. Regular exercise.
3. Self monitoring.

Q92. ‘‘Girls in India in the rural sector are sometimes not able to get secondary level education’’. Give three reasons for the
statement.
Ans:
1. Gender discrimination: India is a male dominating society. Particularly in rural areas, girl child is discriminated against male child
and are not even sent for education.
2. Poverty: Due to wide-spread poverty in rural areas, people want girls to help in the household work, look after their siblings and
do all household chores.
3. Distance: Secondary schools are not found in all the villages of India, therefore, they don’t prefer their girls to go to distances like
nearby village merely for education.
Q93. What is meant by sustainable economic development? Give its main features.
Ans:
Sustainable economic development means that development should take place without damaging the environment and
development in the present should not compromise on the needs of future generation.
Main features of sustainable economic development is:
1. Reduction in polution.
2. Quality of life of future generation should not reduce.
3. Efficient use of natural resources.
Q94. Suggest one measure to ensure sustainable development in the energy sector.
Ans:
1. Reduce our dependency on heavy metals and fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas.
2. Reduce our dependency on synthetic chemicals.

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3. Reduce our destruction of nature which includes clearing of forest and natural habitats for human needs.
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4. The fourth principal is to ensure that we don’t stop people from meeting their needs in order to achieve environmental
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sustainability. We must maintain a balance between environmental and economic sustainability.
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Q95. "Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries." Support the statement with
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examples.
Ans:
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Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries. This issue is no longer a regional or
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national issue. Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is essential for all the mankind and it is our common
responsibility to save the environment. These days, it is matter of discussion among different countries of world. Global warming,
acid rain, etc. are not to be controlled by one nation. It is a global matter of thinking and finding the solutions.

Q96. "People have conflicting developmental goals". Support the statement with suitable example.
Ans:
Different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of a country's development. In fact, two persons or groups of
persons may seek things which are conflicting. To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge
the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced such as tribes. They might resent this and may prefer small check dams or
tanks to irrigate their land.
Q97. Look at data in Table 1.3 and 1.4. Is Punjab ahead of Bihar in literacy rate etc. as it is in terms of per capita income?
TABLE 1.3: PER CAPITA INCOME OF SELECT STATES.
State Per Capita Income for 2002-03 (in Rs)
Punjab 26000
Kerala 22800
Bihar 5700

TABLE 1.4: SOME COMPARATIVE DATA ON PUNJAB, KERALA AND BIHAR.

Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 (2 Literacy Rate (%), 2 Net Attendance Ratio for Class I-V (199
State
003) 001 5-96)
Punja
b 49 70 81
Keral 11 91 91
a 60 47 41
Bihar

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Ans:
TABLE 1.3: PER CAPITA INCOME OF SELECT STATES.
State Per Capita Income for 2002-03 (in Rs)
Punjab 26000
Kerala 22800
Bihar 5700

TABLE 1.4: SOME COMPARATIVE DATA ON PUNJAB, KERALA AND BIHAR.

State Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 (2003) Literacy Rate (%), 2001 Net Attendance Ratio for Class I-V (1995-96)
Punjab 49 70 81
Kerala 11 91 91
Bihar 60 47 41

Explanation of some of the terms used in this table.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): Indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live
children born in that particular year.
Literacy Rate: Measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.
Net Attendance Ratio: Is the total number of children of age group 6 - 10 attending school as a percentage of total number of
children in the same age group.
Yes, Punjab is ahead of Bihar in literacy rate.
Q98. Besides size of per capita income, what other property of income is important in comparing two or more societies?
Ans:
Per capita income is useful for comparison. But it does not indicate how this income is distributed among people. So, apart from the
size of per capita income, equitable distribution of income is important in comparing two or more societies.
Q99. What do you understand by the term life expectancy?

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Life expectancy refers to the number of years a person is expected to live based on the statistical average. Life expectancy varies by
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geographical area and by era. In the Bronze age, for example, life expectancy was 26 years, while in 2010, it was 67 years.
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Q100. What is the difference between literacy rate of India as per census year 2001 and 2011?
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Ans:
2001 2011 Difference
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Persons 64.83% 74.04% 9.2%

Males 75.26% 82.14% 6.9%
Females 53.67% 65.46% 11.8%

Q101. Why do different persons have different notions of development? Which of the following explanations is more important and
why?
1. Because people are different.
2. Because life situations of persons are different.
Ans:
2. Because life situations of persons are different. The requirements vary according to the living conditions of people. Therefore,
people seek those things that are most important to them, i.e. the things which can fulfill their aspirations and desires.
Q102. If the body mass Index is more than 25, then what the person would we considered?
Ans:
The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of a person. The BMI is defined as
the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass
in kilograms and height in metres.
An individual with a BMI of more than 25 will be considered to be overweight.

Q103. What are the non-material things?

Ans:
Non-material things Means not material or composed of matter, not involving, seeking, or primarily concerned with riches or
material things; involving orconcerned with the spiritual, intellectual, or cultural aspects of life.

Q104. Why do different persons have different notions of development. Explain.

Ans:
It is because the life situations of persons are different.
People seek things that are most important for them or that which can fulfil their aspirations or desires.

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For example: The developmental goals of a boy from a rich urban family would be to get admission in a reputed college, whereas
the developmental goals of a girl from a rich urban family would be to get as much freedom as her brother.
Q105. How do infant mortality rates need to be checked by the government?
Ans:
Government should spend a lion’s share for gains in neonatal survival. Child mortality rates can be significantly reduced if
community health workers visit new mothers regularly. Government should run awareness programs in urban as well as rural parts
of the country so that women can access post-natal programs to learn about nutrition, vaccination schedules and breast feeding.
Not only this, government can keep a strict check on health workers’ responsibilities.

Q106. What consequences would we face if non-renewable resources get exhausted in the world?
Ans:
1. Non-renewable resources are those which will get exhausted after years of use. We have a fixed stock on earth which cannot be
replenished.
2. We can discover new resources that we did not know of earlier. New sources in this way add to the stock.
3. However, overtime, even this will get exhausted. In that situation life would be difficult for us. There would be total chaos all over
the world.

Q107. What condition may allow women to take up a variety of jobs or run business?
Ans:
One important condition that would allow women to take up work or do business is Women Empowerment.
It means the social conditions prevalent, which guarantee equality and ability for a woman to enjoy all their rights, get access to
resources, income and time, in order to take up employment of their liking or carry out a business for profit. Woman empowerment
is aimed the holistic well-being of a woman.
Q108. Give some examples where factors other than income are important aspects of our lives.
Ans:
There are factors other than income which are also important aspects in our lives. For example,

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2. For scheduled castes and tribes social equality, self-confidence and self-esteem are more important factor than income.

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3. Similarly in the case of child labour, proper education and freedom are more important factor than income.
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4. Job security is more important than more income for a casual labour.
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Q109. Explain any three examples of what factors other than income are important aspects of our lives.
Ans:
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Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well:
1. Money cannot buy us pollution-free environment.
2. Money cannot buy us a disease-free life and might not be able to get protection from infectious disease.
3. Besides money, people also like to have equal treatment in the society, freedom, dignity and honour in their lives, which money
cannot buy them.

Q110. Think of any three development goals of a boy from a rich urban family.
Ans:
1. He may think to get quality education and persue his studies abroad.
2. He may require the availability of vocational education and training.
3. He may require capital to start his own business.
Q111. What is meant by economic development? What are the two bases of measuring economic development of a country?
Ans:
Economic development refers to the rate of production is greater than the rate of increase in population and the rate of growth of
GDP is high enough to fulfil the basic needs of the population.
Two bases of measuring development of a country are as follows:
1. Per capita or average income.
2. National income and public facilities.

Q112. Name the state in India having the lowest Infant Mortality Rate.
Ans:
Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live
children born in that particular year. The state of Kerala has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate in India where 12 children died before
the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in 2015-2016.
Q113. Suppose records show that the average income in a country has been increasing over a period of time. From this, can we
conclude that all sections of the economy have become better? Illustrate your answer with an example.
Ans:
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Increase in average income cannot be a guarantee of overall progress of the economy. As the data of Punjab and Kerala; in this
chapter; show, there are other factors which also need to be analysed before arriving at a conclusion. Some of those factors are;
infant mortality rate, literacy rate etc.

Q114. What is meant by sustainable development?

Ans:
Sustainable development is that process of economic development which aims at judicious use of both renewable and non-
renewable resources without harming the balance of environment keeping in mind the requirement for present and future
generations.
Q115. Which values are associated with public facilities?
Ans:
1. Ensuring pollution-free environment.
2. Ensuring unadulterated medicines.
3. Preventing infectious diseases.
4. Providing adequate facilities for education to all children, irrespective of gender or caste.
5. Providing safe drinking water to all.
Q116. Define the term ‘economic development’. State the two bases of measuring economic development of a country.
Ans:
Economic development is the long-term increase in per capita income along with improvement in quality of life.
Bases of economic development.
1. National income.
2. Per capita income.

Q117. Groundwater is an example of …………..resources?

1. Renewable.
2. Non-renewable.

e
3. Protected.
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4. Reserve.
Ans:
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1. Renewable.
ol

Q118. For development, people look at a mix of ______.

1. Accountability.
C
o

2. Responsibilities.
3. Goals.
4. None of the abov.
Ans:
3. Goals.
Q119. What are the developmental goals of landless rural labourers?
1. More days of work and better wages.
2. Acquirement of land for self tilling.
3. More hours of work.
4. Self-reliance.
Ans:
1. More days of work and better wages.

Q120. What is National income?

Ans:
The sum total of all goods and services produced within a country or nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) plus net income
received from overseas during a period of one year.

Q121. What is HDI Rank of India in the world as per ‘Human Development’ Report, 2014?
Ans:
131.

Q122. Which of the following things money cannot buy?

1. Building.
2. Pollution free environment.
3. Flowers.
4. Books.
Ans:
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2. Pollution free environment.

Q123. As per 2013 report ________ had the HDI rank of 135 in the world.
1. SriLanka.
2. Pakistan.
3. India.
4. Bangladesh.
Ans:
3. India.

Q124. State any two goals of development other than income.

Ans:
Respect and equality are two goals other than income.
Q125. What are the essential components of Human Development Index?
Ans:
1. Health status.
2. Literacy rate.
3. Per capita income.

Q126. Countries with per capita income of US$ ………… per annum and above in 2017, are called rich countries?
1. 12,126.
2. 11246.
3. 12056.
4. 10056.
Ans:
3. 12056.

e
Q127. Proportion of literate population in the 7 years and above age group is termed as:
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1. Education index.

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g
2. Mortality ratio.

d
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3. Literacy rate.

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4. Gross enrolment ratio.
ol

Ans:
3. Literacy rate.
C
o

Q128. Resources which will get exhausted after years of use are:
1. Renewable resources.
2. Non-durable resources.
3. Non-renewable resources.
4. Competing resources.
Ans:
3. Non-renewable resources.
Q129. Which one is not an important goal of our life?
1. Good education.
2. Blood donation.
3. High salaried job.
4. Facilities for going abroad.
Ans:
2. Blood donation.

Q130. What is per Capita income?

Ans:
When the total income of the country is divided by its population, we get per capita income.

Q131. The percentage of rural children aged 10-14 years attending school in UP is:
1. 21%
2. 23%
3. 27%
4. 31%
Ans:
4. 31%
Explanation:
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It is 31%.
Q132. Which of the following is true of a job which offer high pay but no job security and no time for yourfamily:
1. Tension and more ability to work.
2. Mental torture.
3. Loss of sense of security and freedom.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
3. Loss of sense of security and freedom.
Explanation:
It will lead to loss of the sense of security and freedom.
Q133. What do people usually desire? Mention any two points.
Ans:
1. Regular work.
2. Better wages.
Q134. Literary rate for rural women population in UP is:
1. 18%
2. 19%
3. 20%
4. 21%
Ans:
2. 19%
Explanation:
It is 19%.

Q135. As per 2011, which among the following states has the highest literacy rate?

e
1. Maharashtra.
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2. Kerala.
3. Bihar.
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4. Odisha.
ol

Ans:
2. Kerala.
C
o

Q136. At times, two persons or groups may seek things which are conflicting. Support with an example.
Ans:
A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother, and that he also shares in the household work. Her brother may not
like this.

Q137. Name the state of India where the overuse of groundwater resources is found.
Ans:
Punjab.
Q138. Different persons could have ……….notions of a country’s development.
1. Different as well as conflicting.
2. Same.
3. Indifferent.
4. No.
Ans:
1. Different as well as conflicting.
Q139. What are renewable resources?
Ans:
Resources that are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants. Ground water is a perfect example.
Q140. Life expectancy at birth denotes:
1. Average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.
2. Average expected length of life of a person at the time of death.
3. Average expected length of life of a child at the time of birth.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
1. Average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.
Explanation:
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It denotes average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.

Q141. Which is the most important attribute to compare countries?
1. Human Development Index (HDI).
2. Literacy rate.
3. Export earnings.
4. Income.
Ans:
1. Human Development Index (HDI).
Q142. The per capita income for all countries is calculated in:
1. Pounds
2. Shillings
3. Rupee
4. Dollars
Ans:
4. Dollars
Explanation:
It is calculated in dollars.
Q143. Which of the following is least considered while taking up a new job.
1. Income level.
2. Job security.
3. Dignity and respect.
4. Distance from home.
Ans:
4. Distance from home.

e
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Q144. As per 2011, which among the following states has the highest infant mortality rate per 1000 live births?

01
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1. Kerala.
2. Bihar.
d
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3. Maharashtra.
ol

4. All of the above have the same infant mortality rate.

Ans:
C

2. Bihar.
o

Q145. Groundwater is a:
1. Renewable resource.
2. Non-renewable resource.
3. Reserve stock.
4. None of these.
Ans:
2. Non-renewable resource.

Q146. A safe and secure environment:

1. May enable more men to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
2. May enable more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
3. Help policemen to live in peace.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
2. May enable more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
Explanation:
A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.

Q147. For comparing the development of countries, their _______ is considered to be one of the most important attributes.
1. Population.
2. Income.
3. Demographics.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
2. Income.

Q148. …………….. Is the total income of the country divided by its total population?

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1. Per capita income.

2. Gross income.
3. Net income.
4. Total income.
Ans:
1. Per capita income.

Q149. What is Net Attendance Ratio?

Ans:
Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of age group 6-10 attending school as a percentage of total number of children
in the same age group.
Q150. Which of the following is an important factor on which our life depends is:
1. Money
2. Food
3. Games
4. None of the above.
Ans:
1. Money
Explanation:
One important factor on which our life depends is money.
Q151. If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the house-hold and society:
1. Decreases.
2. Becomes zero.
3. Increases.
4. None of the above.

e
Ans:
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3. Increases.
g
Explanation:
d
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86
The dignity of women increases in the household and society.
50 le
ol

Q152. DIRECTION: Mark the option which is most suitable:

1. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
C

2. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
o

3. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

4. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.
Assertion (A): India has experienced some significant changes in the contribution to GDP by the primary sector.
Reason (R): In terms of GDP, the service sector emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the primary sector.
Ans:
4. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.

Q153. The average income is also called:

1. Per capita profit.
2. Per capita income.
3. Limited income.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
2. Per capita income.
Explanation:
It is called per capita income.

Q154. Development of a country can generally be determined by:

1. Its per capita income.
2. Its average literacy level.
3. Health status of its people.
4. All the above.
Ans:
4. All the above.
Q155. What may be a goal of landless rural labourers regarding their income?
Ans:
Development goal for a landless rural labourer would be:
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To be able to manage his basic necessities of life.

To get more days of work, better wages.
To be able to live a life with dignity.
To aspire to own a small piece of land.

Q156. Expectations of a girl are:

1. Education as her brother.
2. Toys as her brother.
3. As much freedom and opportunity as her brother.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
3. As much freedom and opportunity as her brother.
Q157. What you understand by HDI?
Ans:
HDI stands for Human Development Index.
Q158. The two developmental goals of landless rural labourers are _____ and _____.
Ans:
The two developmental goals of landless rural labourers are more days of work and better wages.
Q159. Write the per capita income of India, 2015-16
Ans:
The per capita income of India, 2015-16 - ₹ 86,879 per annum.
Q160. Choose the incorrect option from the pairs given below.
1. Prosperous Farmer from Punjab-High support price for his crop.
2. Farmers depending on Rainfall for farming-Development of alternate sources of irrigation.

e
3. An Urban Unemployed Youth-Regular Job with high wages.
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4. An urban girl from a Rich Family-Lots of leisure time to enjoy.
Ans:
d
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50 le
4. An urban girl from a Rich Family-Lots of leisure time to enjoy.
ol

Q161. Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of the age group ________ attending school as a percentage of the total
number of children in the same age group.
C
o

1. 17 And 18 years.
2. 9 And 10 years.
3. 12 And 13 years.
4. 14 And 15 years.
Ans:
4. 14 And 15 years.

Q162. What is literacy rate measure?

Ans:
Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the seven and above age group.

Q163. What is the full form of HDI?

Ans:
Human Development Index.

Q164. Look at the picture below. What should be the developmental goals for such an area?
1. Removing slums from this area.
2. Resettling the poor in the outskirts of the city.
3. Improving the living and sanitation conditions for the poor living in this area.
4. Constructing multi storey buildings in this area.
Ans:
3. Improving the living and sanitation conditions for the poor living in this area.

Q165. What is Gross enrolment ratio?

Ans:
Gross enrolment ratio is at three levels-enrolment ratio for primary school, secondary school and higher education beyond
secondary school.
Q166. What is meant by the average income?
OR
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What is per capita income?

Ans:
The average income is the total income of a country divided by its total population. It is also called per capita income.
\text{Per capital Income}=\frac{\text{Total income of a country}}{\text{Total population of that country} }

Q167. What is the literacy rate of Kerala, Punjab and Bihar as per census year 2011?
Ans:
As per census year 2011 the literacy rate of Kerala, Punjab, and Bihar are 94%, 75.84% and 63.82% respectively.

Q168. What is meant by human development?

Ans:
Human development is the process of enlarging people's choices as well as raising the level of well-being so that they can lead a
meaningful life.

Q169. If per capita income were to be used as the measure of development, Punjab will be considered the most developed and which
of the states the least developed:
1. West-Bengal
2. Himachal Pradesh
3. Haryana
4. Bihar
Ans:
4. Bihar
Explanation:
Bihar is the least developed state.
Q170. If the Body Mass Index (BMI) is _________ then the adult person would be considered undernourished.
1. Less than 18.5.
2. Less than 10.5.

e
3. Less than 25.5.
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4. Less than 28.5.
Ans:
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1. Less than 18.5.
ol

Q171. What is the main criterion for comparing the development of different countries?
Ans:
C
o

The main criterion for comparing the development:-

Income.

Q172. Which of the following statements about money are true?

1. Money cannot buy you a pollution-free environment.
2. Money cannot ensure that you get unadulterated medicines.
3. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases.
4. All of the above statements are true.
Ans:
4. All of the above statements are true.
Q173. National development is measured by:
1. Average Income and Per Capita Income.
2. Net Attendance Ratio.
3. National Income.
4. Human Development Index.
Ans:
1. Average Income and Per Capita Income.
Q174. More income means …………..
1. Average out of needs of people.
2. More of all things that human beings need.
3. No effect on the common man.
4. More business.
Ans:
2. More of all things that human beings need.
Q175. What can developmental goals be for prosperous farmers from Punjab?
Ans:
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Assured high family income through higher support prices for their crops, hardworking and cheap labourers. They should be able to
settle their children abroad.

Q176. What was India’s per capita income in 2017?

1. US$ 1950 per annum.
2. US$ 1880 per annum.
3. US$ 1930 per annum.
4. US$ 1820 per annum.
Ans:
4. US$ 1820 per annum.
Q177. How do ration shops under the Public Distribution System (PDS) help people?
Ans:
Ration shops help by maintaining the nutritional status of the people and making food available at lower cost.
Q178. What does BMI stand for?
Ans:
BMI stands for body mass index, and is a figure that attempts to illustrate someone’s approximate health by taking into
consideration his or her height and weight.
Q179. Per Capita Income is calculated in ………. for all countries?
1. Pounds.
2. Euros.
3. Dollars.
4. Rupees.
Ans:
3. Dollars.

e
Q180. Which is the most important attribute for comparing the development of countries?
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1. Resources.

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2. Population.

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3. Average income.

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4. None of the above.
ol

Ans:
4. None of the above.
C
o

Q181. If BMI is less than 18.5 then the person would be considered:
1. Over weight.
2. Long height.
3. Under weight.
4. Short height.
Ans:
3. Under weight.
Q182. How can we achieve our hopes and possibilities in real life?
Ans:
We can achieve our hopes and possibilities in real life through a democratic political process.
Q183. Which organisation publishes the Human Development Repor?
1. UNO.
2. WHO.
3. UNDP.
4. World Bank.
Ans:
3. UNDP.
Q184. Which countries, according to the World Development Report 2006, are called rich countries?
Ans:
Countries with per capita income of ₹ 4,53,000 per annum and above in 2004, are called rich countries.
Q185. BMI (Body Mass Index) is a method of finding out which of the following?
1. Infant mortality.
2. Health status.
3. Longevity.
4. Economic status.
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Ans:
2. Health status.

Q186. To get more electricity, industrialists may want:

1. More money.
2. More factors.
3. More dams.
4. All the above.
Ans:
3. More dams.
Explanation:
To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams.
Q187. The Human Development Index (HDI) rank of India in the world is 151 as per 2016. (True/ False)
Ans:
False.
Q188. State any one reason for overuse of resources.
Ans:
Anyone reason for the overuse of resources can be:
1. Overpopulation.
2. Lack of awareness.
3. Excessive use of tubewells, canals, etc. for irrigation.
4. Industrial need.

Q189. What may be a goal of prosperous farmer of Punjab?

Ans:
Development goals of the prosperous farmers from Punjab are:

e
Low price food grains.
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30 g
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Hardworking and Cheap Labour.
High prices for their produce.
d
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86
50 le
Cheap inputs used in agriculture.
ol

Q190. The development goals of prosperous farmers from Punjab are:

C

1. Assured high family income through higher support prices for their crops.
o

2. More days of work and better wages.

3. Better market prices.
4. All the above.
Ans:
1. Assured high family income through higher support prices for their crops.
Explanation:
The development goals of prosperous farmers from Punjab is assured high family income through higher support prices for their
crops.
Q191. What does 'more income' mean?
Ans:
More income means more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with
greater income.
Q192. Study the data and answer the following question.
Some comparative data on haryana, kerala and bihar.
Literacy r
Infant mortality rate per 1,000 li Net attendance ratio (per 100 per persons) secondary stage (a
State ate %
ve births (2016) ge 14 and 15 years) 2013-2014
2011
Hary
30 82 61
ana
Keral
10 94 83
a
Bihar 38 62 43

Sources: Economic survey 2017-2018 Vol. 2. government of India National sample survey organisation. (Report No. 575).
Based on the data identify the most developed state.

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1. Bihar.
2. Kerala.
3. Haryana.
4. Kerala and Haryana.
Ans:
2. Kerala.
Q193. Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) indicates the number of children that die before the age of ____________ as a proportion of 100
live children born in that particular year.
1. Four years.
2. Two years.
3. One years.
4. Three years.
Ans:
3. One years.
Q194. Among the following South Asian countries, ______ had the highest life expectancy at birth.
1. Myanmar.
2. SriLanka.
3. Nepal.
4. India.
Ans:
2. SriLanka.
Q195. The level of efficiency and productivity is low in a _____ country.
Ans:
The level of efficiency and productivity is low in a developing country.

e
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Q196. Which of the following is correct regarding Individuals who seek different goals:

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1. Ideas are different from others.
2. Ideas are similar to others.
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3. Notion of national development is same also likely to be similar.
ol

4. Notion of national development is likely to be different.

Ans:
C

4. Notion of national development is likely to be different.

o

Explanation:
Individuals who seek different goals, then their notion of national development are also likely to be different.

Q197. Countries with per capita income of US$ 12616 per annum and above in 2012, are called ______.
1. Underdeveloped countries.
2. Developing countries.
3. Poor countries.
4. Rich countries.
Ans:
4. Rich countries.
Q198. What is Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)?
Ans:
Infant Mortality Rate is the number of children that die before attaining the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children
born in that particular year.
Q199. Which of the following is true of peoples goals in addition to higher income:
1. Equal treatment.
2. Freedom.
3. Respect and security.
4. All the above.
Ans:
4. All the above.
Explanation:
People also seek all the above factors.

Q200. What is considered to be one of the most important attributes when we compare countries at the level of development?
1. Industrial development.

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2. Resources of the country.

3. Income.
4. Import-export.
Ans:
3. Income.
Q201. What is the correct definition of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
1. It is the total value of all the goods and services produced during a particular year.
2. It is the total value of all final goods and services produced during a particular year.
3. It is the total value of all intermediate goods and services produced during a particular year.
4. It is the total value of all intermediate and final goods and services produced during a particular year.
Ans:
2. It is the total value of all final goods and services produced during a particular year.

Q202. The development goals of landless rural labourers are:

1. Assured high family income through higher support prices for their crops.
2. To settle their children abroad.
3. More days of work and better wages.
4. All the above.
Ans:
3. More days of work and better wages.
Explanation:
The development goals of landless rural labourers is more days of work and better wages.
Q203. How does UN on the basis of Human Development Report compare countries?
Ans:
UNDP compares countries based on:

e
1. The educational levels of the people
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2. Their health status and
g
3. Per capita income.
d
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Q204. Which is the most common method of measuring economic development?
ol

1. Profit loss.
2. Income.
C

3. Sales.
o

4. Import-export.
Ans:
2. Income.
Q205. From the given table in the chapter, which state has the highest net attendance ratio?
1. Gujarat.
2. Maharashtra.
3. Bihar.
4. Kerala.
Ans:
4. Kerala.
Q206. What is the full form of HDI?
1. Human Derived Industries.
2. Human Development Index.
3. Highly Developed Industries.
4. Human Development Income.
Ans:
4. Human Development Income.

Q207. What do you mean by the income of a country?

Ans:
The income of a country is the income of all the residents of the country.

Q208. Match the following and choose the correct option.

CATEGORY OF PERSONS DEVELOPMENTAL GOALS
A. Rich farmer with large land holdings i. A regular job and a high income.

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Farmer who depends only on rain for irr To get a good and proper education to her c
B. ii.
igation hildren.
A rural woman from a land-owning fami ii
C. Assured higher support price for their crops.
ly i.
i
D. An unemployed urban youth improve irrigational facilities for his farm.
v.

1. a – ii, b – iii, c – iv, d – i.

2. a – iii, b – iv, c – ii, d – i.
3. a – iii, b – ii, c – I, d – iv.
4. a – ii, b – iv, c – iii, d – i.
Ans:
2. a – iii, b – iv, c – ii, d – i.

Q209. What may be development for one may person be:

1. Development for the other.
2. Less development for the other.
3. Destructive for the other.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
3. Destructive for the other.
Explanation:
What may be development for one may can be destructive for the other.
Q210. The literacy rate for the rural population of males in Uttar Pradesh is………
1. 73%.
2. 70%.

e
3. 76%.
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4. 78%.
g
Ans:
d
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3. 76%.
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Q211. How can we ensure the sustainability of development in our country? Suggest anyone way.
Ans:
C

1. Introduction of organic farming.

o

2. Adopting measures to reduce global warming and implement global limits on carbon emission.

Q212. About ……….. districts have reported a water level decline of over 4 meters during the past 20 years?
1. 300.
2. 500.
3. 450.
4. 350.
Ans:
1. 300.
Q213. Study the data and answer the following question.
Literacy r
Infant mortality rate per 1,000 li Net attendance ratio (per 100 per persons) secondary stage (a
State ate %
ve births (2016) ge 14 and 15 years) 2013-2014
2011
Hary
33 82 61
ana
Keral
10 94 83
a
Bihar 38 62 43

Sources: Economic survey 2017-2018 Vol. 2. government of India National sample survey organisation. (Report No. 575).
Why Does the State have the highest mortality rate?
1. Lack of health facilities.
2. Lack of food security.
3. Both.
4. None.
Ans:
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3. Both.
Q214. DIRECTION: Mark the option which is most suitable:
1. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
2. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
3. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
4. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.
Assertion (A): Different persons have different notions of development.
Reason (R): Each person seeks similar things. All persons seek things that are least important for them.
Ans:
3. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Q215. Besides seeking more income, there is something people resent, what is it?
1. Getting fewer wages for more work.
2. Discrimination.
3. Work No.
4. Poverty.
Ans:
2. Discrimination.
Q216. The Human Development Report compares countries on the basis of:
1. The educational levels of the people.
2. Health status of the people.
3. Per capita income of the people.
4. All the above factors.
Ans:
4. All the above factors.

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Explanation:
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The Human Development Report compares countries based on all the above factors.
g
d
Q217. Since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that…………
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1. Health and nutrition is declining.
ol

2. Per capita income is unstable.

3. Levels of resources are not sustainable.
C

4. Levels of development are not sustainable.

o

Ans:
4. Levels of development are not sustainable.
Q218. In the data for the Per capita income of Haryana, Kerala, Bihar-which state has the lowest per capita income?
1. Haryana.
2. Kerala.
3. Bihar.
4. All equal.
Ans:
3. Bihar.

Q219. Match the following.

Problems faced by the farming sector Some possible measures
A. Unirrigated land. a. Setting up agro-based mills.
B. Debt burden. b. Cooperative marketing societies.
Construction of canals by the Govern
C. No jobs in the off season. c.
ment.
compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon afte Banks to provide credit with low inte
D. d.
r harvest. rest.

1. 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - b.
2. 1 - b, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - d.
3. 1 - a, 2 - b, 3 - c, 4 -d.
4. 1- d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c.
Ans:
1. 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - b.
Q220. How is BMI (Body Mass Index) calculated?
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Ans:
BMI is calculated by dividing the weight by the square of the height.

Q221. DIRECTION: Mark the option which is most suitable:

1. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
2. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
3. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
4. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.
Assertion (A): Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate.
Reason (R): Kerala lacks the provision of basic health and educational facilities.
Ans:
3. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Q222. Which one of the following criteria is the basis for measuring the development of a country, according to the World Bank?
1. Per Capita Income.
2. Literacy Rate.
3. Gross Enrolment Ratio.
4. Life Expectancy.
Ans:
1. Per Capita Income.

Q223. The full form of PDS is:

1. Private Development System.
2. Public Department System.
3. Pure Domestic System.
4. Public Distribution System.
Ans:

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4. Public Distribution System.
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Q224. Which indicators are taken into consideration for measuring Human Development Index (HDI)?
Ans:
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1. Per capita income
ol

2. Life expectancy at birth

3. Literacy rate for 15+ population
C

4. Gross enrolment ratio for three levels.

o

Q225. Per capita income is:

1. Income per family.
2. Income per person.
3. Income per earning member.
4. Income per month.
Ans:
2. Income per person.

Q226. Which country among India's neighbours has the highest per capita income?
1. Bhutan.
2. SriLanka.
3. Nepal.
4. Bangladesh.
Ans:
2. SriLanka.
Q227. Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?
1. Bangladesh.
2. Sri Lanka.
3. Nepal.
4. Pakistan.
Ans:
2. Sri Lanka.
Q228. Based on the conflicting developmental goals, which of the following pairs are not correctly matched?
1. More wages to workers-against the interests of the entrepreneur.
2. Rich farmers want to sell food grains at high prices-poor workers want to purchase it at low prices.

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3. Construction of a dam means more and cheaper power for people-The tribals do not want to leave the place.
4. Expansion of roads in the city-good for reducing traffic congestion.
Ans:
4. Expansion of roads in the city-good for reducing traffic congestion.
Q229. What is the most important attribute while comparing countries:
1. Their population.
2. Their political status.
3. Their income.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
3. Their income.
Explanation:
For comparing countries, regarding their development their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes.

Q230. Countries with per capita income of US$ ____ or less are called low-income countries.
1. 995.
2. 885.
3. 955.
4. 855.
Ans:
1. 995.
Q231. A person is considered as overweight if his BMI is:
1. More than 25.
2. Less than 18.
3. Less than 20.

e
4. Less than 22.
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1. More than 25.
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Q232. Why has Kerala a low infant mortality rate?
ol

Ans:
Kerala has a low Infant Mortality rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
C
o

Q233. What can be some of the developmental goals for your village, town or locality?
Ans:
As we know that rural areas are very hard to improve specially where there is no literacy and no hygiene. It becomes very difficult
task to convince people for any change as they are very conservative and they don’t want to accept changes rather than keep
following their old and nonsense traditions. So, if I say then many more important development goals should be there like sanitation,
security, per capita income, education etc.
Q234. Why does Kerala have a low Infant Mortality Rate?
1. Adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
2. Suitable climate.
3. Pollution Free environment.
4. Good water.
Ans:
1. Adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
Q235. The calculation of per capita income of all countries is made in:
1. Rupees.
2. Dollars.
3. Yen.
4. Pounds.
Ans:
2. Dollars.
Q236. What are the common developmental goals of a person?
Ans:
Common developmental goals are regular work, better wages and better standards of living.
Q237. Underemployment occurs when people:
1. Do not want to work.
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2. Are working in a lazy manner.

3. Are working less than what they are capable of doing.
4. Are not paid for their work.
Ans:
3. Are working less than what they are capable of doing.
Q238. Nearly ………..of the country is overusing their groundwater reserves?
1. Two-third.
2. One-third.
3. Half.
4. One fourth.
Ans:
1. Two-third.

Q239. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three
families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
1. Rs 7500.
2. Rs 3000.
3. Rs 2000.
4. Rs 6000.
Ans:
4. Rs 6000.
Q240. What can money not buy you?
1. Unadulterated medicines.
2. Water.
3. Pollution-free environment.

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4. Organic food.
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3. Pollution-free environment.
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Q241. Explain life expectancy at birth.
ol

Ans:
Average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth is known as life expectancy at birth.
C
o

Q242. Which region of the world has the largest crude oil reserves?
Ans:
Middle East has the largest crude oil reserves.
Q243. DIRECTION: Mark the option which is most suitable:
1. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
2. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
3. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
4. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.
Assertion (A): The availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any region, but mere availability of
resources in the absence of corresponding changes in technology and institutions may hinder development.
Reason (R): There are many regions in our county that are rich in resources but these are included in economically backward
regions.
Ans:
2. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Q244. The per capita income of India in US $ is:
1. 313.9
2. 222.5
3. 149.0
4. 439.0
Ans:
1. 313.9
Explanation:
It is 313.9$.

Q245. What is considered to be one of the most important attributes for comparing countries?
Ans:

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For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes.
Q246. For comparison between countries:
1. Total income is a useful measure.
2. Total income is not such an useful measure.
3. Both (a) and (b).
4. None of the above.
Ans:
2. Total income is not such an useful measure.
Explanation:
For comparison between countries total income is not such an useful measure.

Q247. Define literacy rate.

Ans:
Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.
Q248. Mention any two important aspects of our lives other than income.
Ans:
Important aspects of one’s life other than income are:-
1. Equal treatment.
2. Freedom.
3. Security.
4. Respect for others.
5. Facilities to family.
6. Congenial working atmosphere.
7. Opportunity to learn.
Q249. Which Indian neighbour has a better HDI (Human Development Index) rank than India?

e
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It is Sri Lanka.

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Q250. The per capita income of Sri Lanka in US $ is:

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1. 102.7
ol

2. 222.5
3. 149.0
C
o

4. 439.0
Ans:
4. 439.0
Explanation:
It is 439.0$.

Q251. According to the Human Development Report, 2018, United Nations Development Programme which two countries have a
higher Life expectancy at Birth rate than India?
1. Srilanka and Myanmar.
2. Pakistan and Nepal.
3. Pakistan and Bangladesh.
4. Nepal and Bangladesh.
Ans:
4. Nepal and Bangladesh.
Q252. Is it true that money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you need to live well? Explain.
Ans:
Actually money cannot buy you a pollution free environment or ensure that you get unadulterated medicines, money may also not
be able to protect you from infectious diseases
Q253. Which category does India come under?
1. High-income countries.
2. Low middle-income countries.
3. Low-income countries.
4. High middle-income countries.
Ans:
2. Low middle-income countries.

Q254. Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has:

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1. Surplus money.
2. Pollution free environment.
3. Basic health and educational facilities.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
3. Basic health and educational facilities.
Explanation:
Kerala has low Infant Mortality Rate because of basic health and educational facilities.
Q255. Human Development Index compares countries based on which of the following levels of the people?
1. Educational level.
2. Health status.
3. Per capita Income.
4. All the above.
Ans:
4. All the above.
Q256. What was the per capita income of India in 2004?
Ans:
The per capita income of India in 2004 was just ₹ 28,000 per annum.
Q257. Mention two non-material things that people need to live besides seeking more income or any other material goods.
Ans:
1. Equal treatment.
2. Freedom.
Q258. Which of the following resources is a non-renewable energy resource?
1. Solar radiations.

e
2. Crude oil.
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3. Wind energy.
4. All the above.
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Ans:
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2. Crude oil.

Q259. What may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business?
C
o

Ans:
A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.

Q260. Besides seeking more income, people also want:

1. Equal treatment.
2. Freedom.
3. Security.
4. All of these.
Ans:
4. All of these.
Q261. What can be the developmental goal of a landless rural laboures?
1. Freedom to decide his occupation.
2. More days of work and better wages.
3. Less days of work.
4. Good climatic conditions.
Ans:
2. More days of work and better wages.
Q262. Which country in the world has the largest size of illiterate population in the age group of 15+ years?
Ans:
It is Bangladesh.
Q263. Gross Enrolment Ratio for three levels means:
1. Enrolment ratio for primary school, middle school and higher education.
2. Middle school, secondary school and colleges.
3. Primary school, secondary school and higher education.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
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3. Primary school, secondary school and higher education.

Explanation:
Gross Enrolment Ratio for three levels means primary school, secondary school and higher education.
Q264. Nepal has half the per capita income of India, yet it is not far behind India in:
1. Literacy rate.
2. Gross enrolment-ratio.
3. Life expectancy and literacy levels.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
3. Life expectancy and literacy levels.
Explanation:
Nepal is not for behind India in life expectancy and literacy levels.
Q265. On the basis of which three indicators of HDI 2004 Sri Lanka has better rank than India?
Ans:
1. Life expectancy.
2. Gross enrollment ratio.
3. Per capita income.
Q266. Over the past decade or so, ……………indicators have come to be widely used along with income as a measure of development?
1. Health and nutrition.
2. Health and education.
3. Child development.
4. Human development.
Ans:
1. Health and nutrition.

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Q267. In World Development Reports, brought out by the_________, per capita income criterion is used in classifying countries.

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1. UNICEF.
2. United Nations.
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3. World Economic Forum.
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4. World Bank.
Ans:
C

4. World Bank.
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Q268. The Developmental goal for a Landless agricultural labour is ________.

1. More days of work and better wages.
2. Assured a high family income through higher support prices for their crops.
3. They should be able to settle their children abroad.
4. Proper and developed Irrigational facilities for their crops.
Ans:
1. More days of work and better wages.
Q269. Read the given data and find out which country has most equitable distribution of income.
Monthly income of five families in country A and country B.
I II III IV V
A 9500 9600 10000 10400 10500
B 3000 2000 5000 4000 36000

1. Country A.
2. Country B.
3. Country A and B.
4. None of these.
Ans:
1. Country A.
Q270. What is the one factor on which our life depends?
1. Employment.
2. Security of work.
3. Money, or material things that one can buy with it.
4. Freedom.
Ans:
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3. Money, or material things that one can buy with it.

Q271. What is Life Expectancy at birth?
Ans:
Life expectancy at birth denotes average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.
Q272. Among the following states __________ has the highest per capita income as per 2012-13 figures.
1. Kerala.
2. Bihar.
3. Maharashtra.
4. Jharkhand.
Ans:
3. Maharashtra.
Q273. Match the following and choose the correct option given.
Column 1 Column 2
A. Per capita Income 1.Measures the proportion of literate population in the 7-and-above age group.
Infant Mortality ra Compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status an
B. 2.
te d per capita income.
C. Literacy rate 3.The total income of the country divided by its total population.
Human Developm Indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 10
D. 4.
ent Index 00 live children born in that particular year.

1. A – 3, B – 4, C – 1, D – 2.
2. A – 4, B – 3, C – 2, D – 1.
3. A – 3, B – 1, C – 4, D – 2.
4. A – 2, B – 4, C – 1, D – 3.

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1. A – 3, B – 4, C – 1, D – 2.
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Q274. Why do people look at a mix of goals for development?
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For development, people do look at a mix of goals which not only focus on seeking/ earning more income but also on non-material
aspects like equal treatment, respect of other, dignity of labour, safe and secure work environment, pollution free surrounding, etc.
C
o

Q275. What proportion of the country is over using their groundwater reserves?
1. One-Fourth.
2. One-Tenth.
3. One-Third.
4. Half.
Ans:
3. One-Third.

Q276. India comes in the category of ________ countries because its per capita income in 2012 was just US$ 1530 per annum.
1. Middle income.
2. Low middle income.
3. High middle income.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
2. Low middle income.
Q277. Literacy Rate measures the proportion of the literate population in the _________ age group.
1. 10 And above.
2. 21 And above.
3. 7 And above.
4. 18 And above.
Ans:
3. 7 And above.
Q278. Since countries have different _______, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn.
1. Economic policies.
2. Reserves.
3. Populations.

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4. Resources.
Ans:
3. Populations.
Q279. What are non-renewable resources?
Ans:
These resources will get exhausted after some time and are not replenished by the nature. Example, crude oil.
Q280. Development involves:
1. The ways in which we can work towards achieving our goals.
2. Achieving the goal without doing work.
3. Participation of the people.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
1. The ways in which we can work towards achieving our goals.
Explanation:
Development involves the ways in which we can work towards achieving ours goals.
Q281. Money cannot buy a:
1. Pollution-free environment.
2. Unadulterated medicines.
3. Life without worries.
4. All the above.
Ans:
4. All the above.
Explanation:
Money cannot buy all the above factors.

e
Q282. What is meant by sustainability of development?
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Meaning of sustainability of development:-
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It refers to the sustenance of development over a long period. To raise the level of the present development, but not at the cost of
ol

quality of life of future generations.

Q283. In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, which criterion is used in classifying countries?
C
o

1. Total income.
2. Gross income.
3. Per capita income.
4. Net income.
Ans:
3. Per capita income.

Q284. What is Infant mortality rate?

Ans:
It is the number of deaths of infants under one year per 1,000 live births in a particular area.
Q285. Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on.
1. Health status.
2. Per capita income.
3. Educational levels of the people.
4. All of the above.
Ans:
4. All of the above.
Q286. How can we find out if we are properly nourished?
1. Through good weight and scale.
2. Body Mass Index.
3. Nutrient table.
4. Height and weight table.
Ans:
2. Body Mass Index.
Q287. What is the main criterion for comparing the development of different countries?
1. Population.
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2. Income.
3. Education.
4. Family background.
Ans:
2. Income.
Q288. If the Body Mass Index (BMI) is _________ then the adult person would be considered overweight.
1. More than 18.
2. More than 30.
3. More than 45.
4. More than 25.
Ans:
4. More than 25.

Q289. Study the table and answer the question given below.
Some comparative data on Haryana, Kerala and Bihar
Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 Literacy Rate Net Attendance Ratio (per 100 persons) secondary stage
State
live births (2016) % (2011) (age 14 and 15 years) 2013-14
Hary
33 82 61
ana
Keral
10 94 83
a
Bihar 38 62 43

Sources: Economic Survey, 2017-18 Vol. 2, Government of India; National Sample Survey Organisation (Report No. 575).
Question: In comparison to Kerala which state has the highest infant mortality rate.
Ans:

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Q290. Which one of the following is a development goal common to all?
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1. Freedom.
50 le
2. Equal opportunities.
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3. Security and respect.

4. A high level of income and better quality of life.
C
o

Ans:
4. A high level of income and better quality of life.
Q291. Give the meaning of average income of a country.
Ans:
Meaning of average income:-
The total income of the country divided by its total population is known as average income.
Q292. Study the data and answer the following question.
Literacy r
Infant mortality rate per 1,000 li Net attendance ratio (per 100 per persons) secondary stage (a
State ate %
ve births (2016) ge 14 and 15 years) 2013-2014
2011
Hary
33 82 61
ana
Keral
10 94 83
a
Bihar 38 62 43

Sources: Economic survey 2017-2018 Vol. 2. government of India National sample survey organisation. (Report No. 575).
Which state has the highest infant mortality rate?
1. Bihar.
2. Kerala.
3. Haryana.
4. Bihar and Haryana.
Ans:
1. Bihar.

Q293. Which countries, according to the World Development Report 2006, are called low-income countries?

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Ans:
Countries with per capita income of ₹ 37,000 per annum or less are called low-income countries.
Q294. The development goal of a girl in a village will be ...
1. To study in a foreign country.
2. To be free to choose her vocation in life.
3. To be given equal opportunities to boys.
4. All of the above.
Ans:
4. All of the above.
Q295. What brings about stable income?
1. Better wages.
2. Work opportunities.
3. Regular work.
4. Decent price for their crops or other products.
Ans:
3. Regular work.
Q296. Where is groundwater overuse particularly found?
1. Assam.
2. Shillong.
3. Punjab.
4. Karnataka.
Ans:
3. Punjab.
Q297. Mention any one development as goal of landless rural labourers.

e
OR
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What is the development of rural people of India as per your viewpoint?
Ans:
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Any one development goal of landless rural labourers can be.
ol

1. Regular income.
2. Regular job.
C

3. Small piece of land.

o

4. Equal status in society.

Q298. Which one of the following is not a measure of development in the Human Development Report of the UNDP?
1. Per capita income in US $.
2. Educational Levels of the people.
3. Body Mass Index.
4. Life Expectancy at Birth.
Ans:
2. Body Mass Index.
Q299. Read this newspaper report and answer the questions that follow:
A vessel dumped 500 tons of liquid toxic wastes into open-air dumps in a city and in the surrounding sea. This happened in a
city called Abidjan in Ivory Coast, a country in Africa. The fumes from the highly toxic waste caused nausea, skin rashes, fainting,
diarrhea etc. After a month seven persons were dead, twenty in hospital and twenty-six thousand treated for symptoms of
poisoning. A multinational company dealing in petroleum and metals had contracted a local company of the Ivory Coast to
dispose of the toxic waste from its ship. Who are the people who benefitted in this situation?
1. The People of the Ivory Coast.
2. Government of the Ivory Coast
3. The Local Company of the Ivory Coast to dispose of the toxic waste from its ship.
4. The Multinational company dealing with petroleum and metals.
Ans:
3. The Local Company of the Ivory Coast to dispose of the toxic waste from its ship.
Q300. In the comparative data on Haryana, Kerala, and Uttar Pradesh which state has the highest literacy rate?
1. Haryana.
2. Kerala.
3. UP.
4. All are equal.
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Ans:
2. Kerala.
Q301. DIRECTION: Mark the option which is most suitable:
1. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
2. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
3. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
4. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.
Assertion (A): Developmental goals that people are not only about better income but also about other important things in life.
Reason (R): A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
Ans:
2. If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Q302. Countries with per capita income of ₹ 37,000 or less are called:
1. Rich countries.
2. Poor countries.
3. Low income countries.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
3. Low income countries.
Explanation:
Such countries are called low-income countries.
Q303. Quote few examples of environmental degradation that can be observed around.
Ans:
Falling levels of ground water, water pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, the hole in the ozone layer, burning of fossil fuels etc.
Combustion from automobiles are causing extreme level of air pollution, especially in urban areas.

e
Q304. Choose the incorrect option from column A and column B.
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S. N Column A S. N Column B

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Kn le

o. Category of person o. Developmental goals/ Aspirations

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(a) Landless rural labourers. (i) More days of work and better wages.
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(b) Prosperous farmers from Punjab. (ii) Availability of other sources of irrigation.
Farmers who depend only on rain for growing Assured a higher support prices for their cro
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(c) (iii)
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Regular job and high wages to increase her i
(d) A rural woman from a land owning family. (iv)
ncome.

Ans:
Incorrect option:
4. A rural woman from a land owning family- Regular job and high wages to increase her income.

Q305. Longevity implies how long a newborn is expected to live.(True/ False)

Ans:
True.
Q306. HDI stands for:
1. Heavy Developed Industry.
2. Human Development Index.
3. Heavy Developed Infrastructure.
4. Heavy Industries Development.
Ans:
2. Human Development Index.
Explanation:
HDI stands for Human Development Index.
Q307. In terms of human development, which of the following countries is ahead of India?
1. Bangladesh.
2. SriLanka.
3. Nepal.
4. Bhutan.
Ans:
2. SriLanka.
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Q308. What is the criteria used by World Development Report 2006 for classifying countries?
Ans:
Per capita income per annum is the criteria used by World Development Report 2006 for classifying countries.
Q309. Average income is the:
1. Total income of the country divided by the total population.
2. Total income of the country divided by the rich people.
3. Total income of the country divided by the working population.
4. None of the above.
Ans:
1. Total income of the country divided by the total population.
Explanation:
Average income is the total income of the country divided by the total population.
Q310. How do ration shops under the Public Distribution System (PDS) help people?
1. By maintaining the nutritional status of the people.
2. By making food available at lower cost.
3. Both (a) and (b).
4. None of the above.
Ans:
3. Both (a) and (b).
Q311. If women are engaged in paid work, what difference does it make?
1. Their dignity in the household and society decreases.
2. Household work of women decreases.
3. Income of the family is reduced.
4. Their dignity in the household and society increases.

e
Ans:
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01
30 g
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4. Their dignity in the household and society increases.

d
Kn le

86
50 le
ol
C
o

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