IGCSE Mathematics Textbook Answers
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2. a) Irrational b) Irrational c) Rational
1 umber and
N d) Rational e) Rational f) Rational
language 3. a) Rational
d) Rational
b) Irrational c) Rational
Exercise 1.1 page 5 Exercise 1.7 page 9
Prime numbers are: 1. a) 5 b) 3 c) 7 d) 10 e) 11
1. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, f) 13 g) 0.1 h) 0.2 i) 0.3 j) 0.5
47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97
2. Students check their answers
Exercise 1.2 page 6 3. a) Qe b) Qr c) Qt d) Qu e) q Q p
1. a) 1, 2, 3, 6 f) We g) q E p h) Uo i) Te j) Tw
b) 1, 3, 9
c) 1, 7 Exercise 1.8 page 9
d) 1, 3, 5, 15 1. The following answers are correct to 1 d.p.:
e) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 a) 5.9 b) 6.7 c) 7.4 d) 7.7 e) 1.4
f) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
g) 1, 5, 7, 35 2. Students check their answers
h) 1, 5, 25
i) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42 Exercise 1.9 page 10
j) 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 1. a) 2 b) 5 c) 3 d) 0.1 e) 0.3
f) 6 g) 10 h) 100 i) –2 j) –3
Exercise 1.3 page 6
k) –10 l) –1
1. a) 3, 5 b) 2, 3 c) 2, 3 d) 2
e) 2, 5 f ) 13 g) 3, 11 h) 5, 7 Exercise 1.10 page 10
i) 2, 5, 7 j) 2, 7 1. 146 °C
Exercise 1.4 page 7 2. a) 2$35 b) 2$318 c) 2$88
d) 2$160 e) $90
1. a) 22 3 3 b) 25 c) 22 3 32
d) 23 3 5 e) 22 3 11 f) 23 3 7 3. 165 m
g) 32 3 5 h) 3 3 13 i) 3 3 7 3 11 4. 695 m
j) 32 3 7
Student assessment 1 page 11
Exercise 1.5 page 7
1. a) Rational b) Irrational c) Rational
1. a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 3 e) 9 d) Rational e) Rational f) Irrational
f ) 22 g) 8 h) 13 i) 17 j) 12
2. a) Ti b) 3 c) w Q t Q
2. a) 42 b) 60 c) 70 d) 90 e) 120
f ) 105 g) 20 h) 231 i) 240 j) 200 3. a) 81 b) 225 c) 0.04
d) 0.49
Exercise 1.6 page 8
4. a) 12.25 b) 16.81 c) 0.0225
1. a) Rational b) Rational c) Irrational
d) Rational e) Rational f) Rational
g) Irrational h) Rational i) Rational
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 1
Solutions
5. a) 15 b) 0.1 c) 0.9 4. a) 130 b) 80 c) 9
d) 35 e) 73 f) 117 d) 4 e) 200 f) 250
6. a) 64 b) 0.001 c) 8
27
5. c), e) and f) are incorrect.
7. a) 3 b) 100 c) 4 Answers to Q.6 and 7 may vary slightly from those
5
given below:
8. a) 2$84 b) $91 c) $45
6. a) 120 m2 b) 40 m2 c) 400 cm2
d) $74 e) 2$43 f) 2$15
7. a) 200 cm3 b) 4000 cm3 c) 2000 cm3
2 Accuracy Exercise 2.5 page 17
Exercise 2.1 page 12 1. a) i) Lower bound 5 5.5
Upper bound 5 6.5
1. a) 69 000 b) 74 000 c) 89 000
ii) 5.5 x , 6.5
d) 4000 e) 100 000 f) 1 000 000
b) i) Lower bound 5 82.5
2. a) 78 500 b) 6900 c) 14 100 Upper bound 5 83.5
d) 8100 e) 1000 f) 3000 ii) 82.5 x , 83.5
c) i) Lower bound 5 151.5
3. a) 490 b) 690 c) 8850
Upper bound 5 152.5
d) 80 e) 0 f) 1000
ii) 151.5 x , 152.5
Exercise 2.2 page 13 d) i) Lower bound 5 999.5
Upper bound 5 1000.5
1. a) 5.6 b) 0.7 c) 11.9 ii) 999.5 x , 1000.5
d) 157.4 e) 4.0 f) 15.0 e) i) Lower bound 5 99.5
g) 3.0 h) 1.0 i) 12.0 Upper bound 5 100.5
ii) 99.5 x , 100.5
2. a) 6.47 b) 9.59 c) 16.48
d) 0.09 e) 0.01 f) 9.30 2. a) i) Lower bound 5 3.75
g) 100.00 h) 0.00 i) 3.00 Upper bound 5 3.85
ii) 3.75 x , 3.85
Exercise 2.3 page 13 b) i) Lower bound 5 15.55
1. a) 50 000 b) 48 600 c) 7000 Upper bound 5 15.65
d) 7500 e) 500 f) 2.57 ii) 15.55 x , 15.65
g) 1000 h) 2000 i) 15.0 c) i) Lower bound 5 0.95
Upper bound 5 1.05
2. a) 0.09 b) 0.6 c) 0.94 ii) 0.95 x , 1.05
d) 1 e) 0.95 f) 0.003 d) i) Lower bound 5 9.95
g) 0.0031 h) 0.0097 i) 0.01 Upper bound 5 10.05
ii) 9.95 x , 10.05
Exercise 2.4 page 14 e) i) Lower bound 5 0.25
1. a) 419.6 b) 5.0 c) 166.3 Upper bound 5 0.35
d) 23.8 e) 57.8 f) 4427.1 ii) 0.25 x , 0.35
g) 1.9 h) 4.1 i) 0.6 3. a) i) Lower bound 5 4.15
Answers to Q.2–4 may vary slightly from those Upper bound 5 4.25
given below: ii) 4.15 x , 4.25
b) i) Lower bound 5 0.835
2. a) 1200 b) 3000 c) 3000
Upper bound 5 0.845
d) 150 000 e) 0.8 f) 100
ii) 0.835 x , 0.845
3. a) 200 b) 200 c) 30 c ) i) Lower bound 5 415
d) 550 e) 500 f) 3000 Upper bound 5 425
ii) 415 x , 425
2 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
d) i) Lower bound 5 4950 2. a) Lower bound 5 6.7
Upper bound 5 5050 Upper bound 5 6.9
ii) 4950 x , 5050 b) Lower bound 5 29.69 (2 d.p.)
e) i) Lower bound 5 0.0445 Upper bound 5 30.80 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 0.0455 c) Lower bound 5 147.76 (2 d.p.)
ii) 0.0445 x , 0.0455 Upper bound 5 150.25 (2 d.p.)
f ) i) Lower bound 5 24 500 d) Lower bound 5 13.3
Upper bound 5 25 500 Upper bound 5 13.5
ii) 24 500 x , 25 500 e) Lower bound 5 1.75 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 1.81 (2 d.p.)
4. a)
5.3 5.35 5.4 5.45 5.5 f) Lower bound 5 0.39 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 0.46 (2 d.p.)
b) 5.35 M , 5.45
g) Lower bound 5 34.10 (2 d.p.)
5. a) 11.7 Upper bound 5 40.03 (2 d.p.)
11.75 11.8 11.85 11.9
h) Lower bound 5 0.98 (2 d.p.)
b) 11.75 T , 11.85 Upper bound 5 1.02 (2 d.p.)
i) Lower bound 5 0
6. a) Lower bound 5 615 m3 Upper bound 5 0.04
Upper bound 5 625 m3
b) 615 x , 625 3. a) Lower bound 5 20 002.5
Upper bound 5 20 962.5
7. a) Lower bound 5 625 m b) Lower bound 5 1.06 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 635 m Upper bound 5 1.15 (2 d.p.)
b) 395 W , 405 c) Lower bound 5 1 116 250
Upper bound 5 1 188 250
Exercise 2.6 page 18 d) Lower bound 5 88.43 (2 d.p.)
1. a) Lower bound 5 263.25 Upper bound 5 91.60 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 297.25 e) Lower bound 5 131.75 (2 d.p.)
b) Lower bound 5 3295.25 Upper bound 5 139.34 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 3455.25 f) Lower bound 5 18.10 (2 d.p.)
c) Lower bound 5 4925.25 Upper bound 5 20.39 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 5075.25 g) Lower bound 5 2.24 (2 d.p.)
d) Lower bound 5 3.76 (2 d.p.) Upper bound 5 2.53 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 4.26 (2 d.p.) h) Lower bound 5 3.45 (2 d.p.)
e) Lower bound 5 2.83 (2 d.p.) Upper bound 5 3.97 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 3.19 (2 d.p.) i) Lower bound 5 60.34 (2 d.p.)
f ) Lower bound 5 8.03 (2 d.p.) Upper bound 5 68.52 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 8.66 (2 d.p.)
g) Lower bound 5 44.95 (2 d.p.)
Exercise 2.7 page 19
Upper bound 5 52.82 (2 d.p.) 1. Lower bound 5 3.5 kg
h) Lower bound 5 39.77 (2 d.p.) Upper bound 5 4.5 kg
Upper bound 5 42.23 (2 d.p.)
2. Lower bound 5 21.8 cm
i) Lower bound 5 16.14 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 22.2 cm
Upper bound 5 18.88 (2 d.p.)
j) Lower bound 5 3.55 (2 d.p.) 3. Lower bound 5 13.7 m
Upper bound 5 7.12 Upper bound 5 13.74 m
k) Lower bound 5 1.47 (2 d.p.) 4. Lower bound 5 74.13 cm2 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 1.63 (2 d.p.) Upper bound 5 75.88 cm2 (2 d.p.)
l) Lower bound 5 18.51 (2 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 28.59 (2 d.p.) 5. Lower bound 5 68 425 m2
Upper bound 5 75 625 m2
6. Lower bound 5 13.1 (1 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 13.5 (1 d.p.)
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 3
Solutions
7. Lower bound 5 9.0 cm (1 d.p.) 5. 0.0035 x , 0.0045
Upper bound 5 11.1 cm (1 d.p.)
6. a) 4.825 x , 4.835
8. a) Lower bound 5 53.1 cm (1 d.p.) b) 5.045 y , 5.055
Upper bound 5 53.7 cm (1 d.p.) c) 9.95 z , 10.05
b) Lower bound 5 224.3 cm2 (1 d.p.) d) 99.995 p , 100.005
Upper bound 5 229.7 cm2 (1 d.p.)
9. a) Lower bound 5 11.2 cm (1 d.p.)
Student assessment 3 page 22
Upper bound 5 11.4 cm (1 d.p.) 1. a) Lower bound 5 965.25
b) Lower bound 5 70.5 cm (1 d.p.) Upper bound 5 1035.25
Upper bound 5 71.3 cm (1 d.p.) b) Lower bound 5 6218.75
10. Lower bound = 11.5 g/cm3 (1 d.p.) Upper bound 5 6381.75
Upper bound 5 13.6 g/cm3 (1 d.p.) c) Lower bound 5 6.2 (1 d.p.)
Upper bound 5 6.3 (1 d.p.)
11. Least 5 93.3 h (1 d.p.) d) Lower bound 5 47.7 (1 d.p.)
Greatest 5 138.5 h (1 d.p.) Upper bound 5 54.7 (1 d.p.)
e) Lower bound 5 0.8 (1 d.p.)
Student assessment 1 page 21
Upper bound 5 1.2 (1 d.p.)
1. a) 2800 b) 7290 c) 49 000 f) Lower bound 5 0.5 (1 d.p.)
d) 1000 Upper bound 5 0.9 (1 d.p.)
2. a) 3.8 b) 6.8 c) 0.85 2. Lower bound 5 118.7 cm2 (1 d.p.)
d) 1.58 e) 10.0 f) 0.008 Upper bound 5 121.1 cm2 (1 d.p.)
3. a) 4 b) 6.8 c) 0.8 3. Lower bound 5 10.5 cm
d) 10 e) 830 f) 0.005 Upper bound 5 13.5 cm
Answers to Q.4–6 may vary from those given 4. 0.8 x , 1
below: 5. Lower bound 5 0.46 kg (2 d.p.)
4. 18 000 yards Upper bound 5 0.48 kg (2 d.p.)
5. 40 m2
Student assessment 4 page 23
6. a) 25 b) 4 c) 4
1. 255 kg
7. 92.3 cm3 (1 d.p.)
2. 31 575 cm3 (5 s.f.)
Student assessment 2 page 22 3. a) 124.5 V , 125.5 cm3
b) 4.99 L , 5.01 cm (2 d.p.)
1. a)
6.5 7 7.5 4. a) 25.10 C , 25.16 (2 d.p.)
b) b) 50.14 A , 50.39 cm2 (2 d.p.)
39.5 40 40.5 5. 22 cups
c) 6. a) Lower bound 5 4.5 cm
299.5 300 300.5
Upper bound 5 5.5 cm
d) b) Upper and lower bounds of
1999.5 2000 2000.5 100 matches ÷ 100
2. a) 205 x , 215 b) 63.5 x , 64.5 Lower bound 5 5.43 cm
c) 2.95 x , 3.05 d) 0.875 x , 0.885 Upper bound 5 5.44 cm
3. Length: 349.5 L , 350.5
Width: 199.5 W , 200.5
4.
58.85 58.9 58.95
4 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
e) 9 ÷ 3 3 4 1 1 5 13
3 alculations and
C f) (3 1 2) 3 (4 2 1) 5 15
order 0 1 2 3
2. a)
b)
12 ÷ 4 2 2 1 6 5 7
12 ÷ (4 2 2) 1 6 5 12
0 1 2 3
c) 12 ÷ 4 2 (2 1 6) 5 25
Exercise 3.1 0
0
1 page 225
1 2
3
3 d) 12 ÷ (4 2 2 1 6) 5 1.5
20 31 42 53
1. a) , b) 5 c) . d) , e) 5 f) . e) 4 1 5 3 6 2 1 5 33
20 31 42 53
0
2 1
3 2
4 3
5 f) 4 1 5 3 (6 2 1) 5 29
2. a) g) (4 1 5) 3 6 2 1 5 53
02 13 24 35
62 5 3 4 4 3 5 h) (4 1 5) 3 (6 2 1) 5 45
b) 62 5 3 4 4 3 5
2 3 4 5
6
2
6
5
3
5
4
4
4
3
5
3
Exercise 3.5 page 28
c) 3
6 2
5 1
4 30
6
3 5
2 4
1 30 1. a) 2 b) 3 c) 7 d) 4 e) 23 f) 0
6
3 5
2 4
1 30 2. a) 1 b) 5 c) 2 d) 50 e) 7
d) 6
3 5
2 4
1 30
1
3 22 3
1 40 5 6 f) 21.5
1
3 22 3
1 40 5 6
e) 1
3
1
22
2
13
3
4
0 5 6 Student assessment 1 page 28
3 2 1 04 5 6
41 3 2 2 3 1 4 05 16
f) 41 3 2 2 3 1 4 05 16 1. a) x 21 b) x , 2
1
4 32 23 14 5
0 6
1 c) 22 x , 2 d) 21 x 1
1
4 2
3 3
2 4
1 50 61
g) 2
4 1
3 0
2 11 20 31 2. a)
4
2 3
1 0
2 11 20 31 2 3 4 5
4
2 3
1 20 11 0
2 1
3
h) 2
4 1
3 20 11 02 13 b)
2
2 1
1 00 11 22 33 1 2 3 4 5
2 1 0 1 2 3
c)
3. a) x 2. 0 1 b) x03 1 c) 02 x 34 0 1 2 3 4
d) 2 , x
2
24 121
1 00 11 22 33
2 1 0 1 2 3 d)
4. a) x 2 1
20 000 0b) 135 1 x 180
2 3 3 2 1 0 1
2 1 0 1 2 3
c) 5x
21 3 , 1 20 0d) x 125 2 3 3. q E r Wt Qw Ru q O p
e) 350 x 400 f) 11 x 28
Exercise 3.2 page 26 Student assessment 2 page 29
1. 0.06 0.6 0.606 0.66 6.0 6.6 6.606 1. a) 44 b) 13 c) 25 d) 19
2. Rt Qw Yq e Uq i Qe Wq o e) 49 f) 3
3. 60 cm 0.75 m 800 mm 180 cm 2 m 2. a) (7 2 4) 3 2 5 6
4. 4 kg 3500 g 1 kg Er kg 700 g b) 12 1 3 3 (3 1 4) 5 33
c) (5 1 5) 3 (6 2 4) 5 20
5. 150 cm3 430 ml 800 cm3 1litre 120 cl
d) (5 1 5) 3 6 2 4 5 56
Exercise 3.3 page 27 3. a) 3.5 b) 10
1. a) 26 b) 10 c) 42 d) 16 e) 8 f) 26
Student assessment 3 page 29
2. a) 20 b) 34 c) 32 d) 31 e) 20 f) 23
1. a) 20 b) 15 c) 11 d) 13 e) 1 f) 4
3. a) 27 b) 64 c) 30 d) 3 e) 144 f) 1.6
2. a) (7 2 5) 3 3 5 6
Exercise 3.4 page 27 b) 16 1 4 3 (2 1 4) 5 40
c) (4 1 5) 3 (6 2 1) 5 45
1. a) 6 3 (2 1 1) 5 18 d) (1 1 5) 3 6 2 6 5 30
b) 1 1 3 3 5 5 16
c) (8 1 6) ÷ 2 5 7 3. a) 5.5 b) 9
d) (9 1 2) 3 4 5 44
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 5
Solutions
4 I ntegers, fractions, Exercise 4.5 page 34
1. a) 9 b) 3
decimals and 2. a) 6 3 (4 1 6) ÷ 3 5 20
percentages b) (9 2 3) 3 (7 1 2) 5 54
3. a) 29 830 b) 41 492
Exercise 4.1 page 30 4. a) 2 b) 7
5. a) 224 b) 28
1. a) 9 b) 16 c) 20 d) 40 e) 18
f ) 72 g) 30 h) 48 i) 210 j) 52 6. a) 1127.4 b) 526.1
Exercise 4.2 page 31 Exercise 4.6 page 35
1. a) AeF b) AtK c) FiJ d) AyJ e) AwJ
1. a) Qw b) Qe c) We d) Ro e) Er f) q O p
f ) HuK g) GoK h) ArJ i) qT qO j) GuG
k) Rq Ep l) AqFeH Exercise 4.7 page 35
2. a) 7 Qr b) 6 Et c) 6 Ty d) 6 T e) 5 Ro 1. a) 1 Wt b) Qq Pq c) Qq Qw d) 1 r W t e) 1 y Q t f) 1 qQ Qw
f ) 1q w g) 9 Eu h) 3 q E p i) 9 Qw j) 6 q Q w
2. a) 1 Qi b) 1 Tu c) 1 q Q w d) Ry Up e) 1 Wr Op f) Tt Qw
Exercise 4.3 page 31
3. a) Qu b) q Q p c) To d) qAw e) rLp f) 1 w Q p
1. a) 4.5 b) 6.3 c) 17.8 d) 3.07
4. a) Qy Up b) Ri Ti c) Qw Up d) q R o R t e) w O p f) q Q i
e) 9.27 f ) 11.36 g) 4.006 h) 5.027
i) 4.356 j) 9.204 5. a) 5 Er b) 5 q E p c) 3 q Q p d) 6 w U r e) 1 Qi f) We Ty
2. a) 19.14 b) 83.812 c) 6.6 d) 11.16 6. a) 5 Qi b) 7 r O p c) 2 Ei d) w U p e) 22 q E r O p f) 1 Qr
e) 35.81 f ) 5.32 g) 67.14 h) 6.06
i) 1.4 j) 0.175 Exercise 4.8 page 37
Exercise 4.4 page 32 1. a) 8 b) AuS c) Te d) We e) q R t f) Qy
1. a) 5 q T p I p 5 58% b) Qw Ut 5 q Y p I p 5 68% 2. a) Qy b) Et c) w R q d) We e) Qr f) w U p
c) Qw Qp 5 q T p T p 5 55% d) q E p 5 q E p P p 5 30% 3. a) Ty b) 2 Qw c) 1 Qu d) 4 Qy e) Qt f) We
e) Ww Et 5 q O p W p 5 92% f) Qt Op 5 q E p I p 5 38% 4. a) Et b) q U w c) u O p d) Ww Qt e) Ei f) 1 Wt Ty
g) Er 5 q U p T p 5 75% h) Wt 5 q R p P p 5 40% 5. a) Et b) 3 Qq Pw Up c) q I t d) 12 Qr
2. Exercise 4.9 page 37
Fraction Decimal Percentage
1 1. a) 0.75 b) 0.8 c) 0.45 d) 0.34
– 0.1 10
10
1
e) 0.3̇ f) 0.375 g) 0.4375 h) 0.2̇
–
5
0.2 20 i) 0.6̇3̇
3
– 0.3 30
10
2. a) 2.75 b) 3.6 c) 4.35 d) 6.22
–4 = –25 0.4 40
10 e) 5.6̇ f) 6.875 g) 5.5625 h) 4.2̇
–12 0.5 50 i) 5.4̇ 28571̇
–35 0.6 60
–7
10
0.7 70
Exercise 4.10 page 38
4
–
5
0.8 80 1. a) Qw b) q U p c) Et d) Er e) rE pE
–9 0.9 90 f) w Q p g) w Q p h) t W p P p Q i) t p Q p p
10
–14 0.25 25 2. a) 2 Wt b) 6 Qw c) 8 Qt d) 3 Er e) 10 Qw Qp
–34 0.75 75 f) 9 w T t Q p g) 15 w O p Q p h) 30 q p Q p p i) 1 w !Rp Qp p
6 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Exercise 4.11 page 40 5 Further
1. a) b) c) = d)
percentages
1 7 42 14 65
3 9 99 33 99
2. a) 55
990 = 181 b) 62
990 = 31
495
c) 92
= 1 451 d) 39 638
= 4 4950
19
Exercise 5.1
90 9900
page 44
3. 1
5
1. a) 60% b) 40%
4. 1
6
2. a) 87.5% b) 73.3%
Student assessment 1 page 41 c) 29.16% d) 14.29% (2 d.p.)
3. a) 0.39 b) 0.47 c) 0.83 d) 0.07
1. a) 12 b) 33 c) 6 d) 90
e) 0.02 f) 0.2
2. a) 30% b) 29% c) 50% d) 70% 4. a) 31% b) 67% c) 9% d) 5%
e) 80% f ) 219% g) 6% h) 75% e) 20% f) 75%
i) 31% j) 7% k) 340% l) 200%
3. a) 23 b) 18 Exercise 5.2 page 44
4. 22 977 1. a) 25% b) 66.6̇% c) 62.5%
d) 180% e) 490% f) 387.5%
5. 360.2
2. a) 0.75 b) 0.8 c) 0.2
6. a) 2 q Q y b) 9 d) 0.07 e) 1.875 f) 0.16̇
7. a) 0.4 b) 1.75 c) 0.8̇1̇ d) 1.6̇ 3. a) 20 b) 100 c) 50
d) 36 e) 4.5 f) 7.5
8. a) 4 Qt b) t E p c) 1 Qw Up d) 2 w Qp p
4. a) 8.5 b) 8.5 c) 52
9. a) 37
99 b) 8
99 c) 1 19
90
d) 52 e) 17.5 f) 17.5
10. 650
900 = 13
18
5. a) Black 6 b) Blonde 3 c) Brown 21
6. Lamb 66 Chicken 24 Turkey 12 Duck 18
Student assessment 2 page 42
7. Australian 143 Pakistani 44 Greek 11 Other 22
1. a) 21 b) 27 c) 22 d) 39
8. Newspapers 69 Pens 36 Books 18 Other 27
2. a) 60% b) 49% c) 25% d) 90%
e) 150% f ) 327% g) 5% h) 35% Exercise 5.3 page 45
i) 77% j) 3% k) 290% l) 400%
3. a) 0 b) 19 1. a) 48% b) 36.8% c) 35%
d) 50% e) 45% f) 40%
4. 18 032 g) 33 Qe % h) 57% (2 s.f.)
5. 340.7 2. Win 50% Lose 33 Qe % Draw 16 We %
6. a) 1 q U p b) 2 3. A 5 34.5% (1 d.p.) B 5 25.6% (1 d.p.)
7. a) 0.875 b) 1.4 c) 0.8̇ d) 3.2̇85714̇ C 5 23.0% (1 d.p.) D 5 16.9% (1 d.p.)
8. a) 6 Qw b) w Q t c) 3 Qw Ep d) 3 q Qw t 4. Red 35.5% Blue 31.0% White 17.7%
Silver 6.6% Green 6.0% Black 3.2%
9. a) 7
b) 1
c) 3 992
Exercise 5.4
99 1000
page 47
10. 11
50
1. a) 187.5 b) 322 c) 7140
d) 245 e) 90 f) 121.5
2. a) 90 b) 38 c) 9
d) 900 e) 50 f) 43.5
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 7
Solutions
3. a) 20% b) 80% c) 110% Student assessment 3 page 50
d) 5% e) 85% f) 225%
1. $3500 $12 000 $1 $56
4. a) 50% b) 30% c) 5%
d) 100% e) 36% f) 5% 2. $500 $250 $20 000 $137 500
5. 7475 tonnes 3. 15
6. $6825 4. $15 000
7. a) $75 b) $93.75 5. 40 000 tonnes
8. a) 43 b) 17.2% Student assessment 4 page 51
9. 1100
1. $200 $25 $524 $10
Exercise 5.5 page 48 2. $462 $4000 $4500 $5500
1. a) 600 b) 350 c) 900 3. 15 marks
d) 250 e) 125 f) 1.5 4. 35 000
2. a) 56 b) 65 c) 90 5. 25 000 units
d) 20 e) 0.25 f) 238
6. 46 500 units
3. 280 pages
4.
5.
12 500 families
22
6 atio and
R
6. 12 200 000 m3 proportion
Student assessment 1 page 49
Exercise 6.1 page 52
1. 48
1. 640 m
2. 16 h 40 min
2. $345.60
3. 11 units
3. $10 125
4. a) 7500 bricks b) 53 h
4. a) 20% b) 41.7% (3 s.f.)
5. a) 6250 litres b) 128 km
c) 22.5% d) 85.7% (3 s.f.)
e) 7% f) 30% 6. 1110 km (3 s.f.)
5. 16% profit 7. a) 450 b) 75 c) 120
8. a) 480 km b) 96 km/h
6. a) $36 b) 25%
Student assessment 2 page 49
Exercise 6.2 page 54
1. a) 450 kg b) 1250 kg
1. 750 m
2. a) Butter 600 g Flour 2 kg Sugar 200 g
2. $525 Currants 400 g
3. $97 200 b) 120 cakes
4. a) 29.2% (3 s.f.) b) 21.7% (3 s.f.) 3. a) 16.8 litres
c) 125% d) 8.33% (3 s.f.) b) Red 1.2 litres White 14.3 litres
e) 20% f) 10% 4. a) 125
b) Red 216 Yellow 135
5. 8.3%
c) 20
6. a) $650 b) 61.8% (3 s.f.) 5. a) 42 litres
b) Orange juice 495 litres
Mango juice 110 litres
8 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Exercise 6.3 page 55 6. 32
7. 210
1. 60 : 90
2. 16 : 24 : 32 8. 90
3. 3.25 : 1.75 Exercise 6.6 page 58
4. 18 : 27 1. 22 cm by 16.5 cm
5. 10 : 50 2. 28 cm by 21 cm
6. 7 : 1
3. 5 : 2
7. Orange 556 ml (3 s.f.) Water 444 ml (3 s.f.)
4. Min. 5 32 : 1 Max. 5 35 : 1
8. a) 11 : 9
b) 440 boys 360 girls 5. a) i) 28 cm2 ii) 112 cm2 b) 4 : 1
9. Et 6. a) i) 9 cm 2
ii) 81 cm 2
b) 9 : 1
10. 32 cm 7. a) i) 30 cm3 ii) 240 cm3 b) 8 : 1
11. 4 km and 3 km 8. a) i) 64 cm3 ii) 1728 cm3 b) 27 : 1
12. 40°, 80°, 120°, 120° 9. a) 16 cm 2
b) 4 cm 2
c) 1 : 4
13. 45°, 75°, 60° 10. Student’s own answer.
14. 24 yr old $400 000 28 yr old $466 667
32 yr old $533 333 Student assessment 1 page 59
15. Alex $2000 Maria $3500 Ahmet $2500 1. a) 15 km b) 6 km/h
2. 16 cm and 14 cm
Exercise 6.4 page 56
3. 1200 g
1. 4
4. 200 g
2. Speed (km/h) 60 40 30 120 90 50 10
5. a) 2 km b) 48 cm
1
Time (h) 2 3 4 1 1 –3 2 2–5 12 6. a) 26 litres of petrol and 4 litres of oil
b) 3250 ml
3. a) i) 12 h ii) 4 h iii) 48 h
b) i) 16 ii) 3 iii) 48 7. a) 1 : 40 b) 13.75 cm
4. a) 30 rows b) 42 chairs 8. Girl $1040 Boy $960
5. 6 h 40 min 9. 24°, 60°, 96°
6. 4 10. a) 15 s b) 8 copiers
7. 18 h 11. 6 h
12. 2
Exercise 6.5 page 57
1. a) 160 b) 250 c) 175
Student assessment 2 page 60
d) 110 e) 225 f) 128 1. a) 30 km b) 30 km/h
2. a) 93 Qe b) 116 We c) 80 2. a) q Up b) 45 cm
d) 157 Qw e) 154 f) 85 3. a) 375 g b) 625 g
3. a) 40 b) 50 c) 35 4. a) 450 m b) 80 cm
d) 36 e) 15 f) 52
5. a) 1 : 25 b) 1.75 m
4. a) 22 Qw b) 6 We c) 17 Qw 6. 300 : 750 : 1950
d) 5 Ti e) 18 Er f) 13 Qw
7. 60°, 90°, 90°, 120°
5. 50
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 9
Solutions
8. 150° Exercise 7.3 page 64
9. a) 13.5 h b) 12 pumps
1. a) 8 b) 25 c) 1
10. d) 1 e) 1 f) Q
53˚ 2. a) Qr b) Qo c) Et p
1
8 3 cm d) !w p Q p e) 1 f) q p Q p p
53˚ 3. a) 1 b) 2 c) 4
d) Qw e) Qy f) 10
37 ˚
2
4. a) 12 b) 32 c) 225
6 3 cm 4 cm
d) 80 e) 7 f) 64
11. a) 4 min 48 s b) 1.6 litres/min
Exercise 7.4 page 65
12. 21.6 cm by 9 cm
1. a) 2 b) 4 c) 3
d) 3 e) 4 f) 0
7 I ndices and 2. a) 4 b) 1 c) Ew
standard form 3.
d) 21
a) 23
e) 2
b) 24
f) 0
c) 25
d) 2 We e) 22 f) 2 Qw
Exercise 7.1 page 62
4. a) 23 b) 27 c) 23
1. a) 33 b) 25 c) 42 d) 2 e) 8 f) 5
d) 64 e) 86 f) 51
2. a) 23 3 32 b) 45 3 52 c) 32 3 43 3 52 Exercise 7.5 page 67
d) 2 3 74 e) 62 f) 33 3 42 3 65 1. d and e
3. a) 434 2. a) 6 3 105 b) 4.8 3 107 c) 7.84 3 1011
b) 5353535353535 d) 5.34 3 10 e) 7 3 106
5
f) 8.5 3 106
c) 333333333
3. a) 6.8 3 106 b) 7.2 3 108 c) 8 3 105
d) 43434363636
d) 7.5 3 107 e) 4 3 109 f) 5 3 107
e) 73732323232323232
f) 33334343432323232 4. a) 3800 b) 4 250 000 c) 90 030 000
d) 101 000
4. a) 32 b) 81 c) 64
d) 216 e) 1 000 000 f) 256 5. a) 6 3 105 b) 2.4 3 107 c) 1.4 3 108
g) 72 h) 125 000 d) 3 3 109 e) 1.2 3 1013 f) 1.8 3 107
6. 1.44 3 1011 m = 1.44 3 108 km
Exercise 7.2 page 63
7. a) 8.8 3 108 b) 2.04 3 1011 c) 3.32 3 1011
1. a) 3 6
b) 8 7
c) 5 9
d) 4.2 3 1022 e) 5.1 3 1022 f) 2.5 3 1025
d) 410 e) 24 f) 35 3 66
8. a) 2 3 102 b) 3 3 105 c) 4 3 106
g) 48 3 59 3 62 h) 24 3 510 3 68
d) 2 3 104 e) 2.5 3 106 f) 4 3 104
2. a) 44 b) 53 c) 2 9. a) 4.26 3 105 b) 8.48 3 109 c) 6.388 3 107
d) 63 e) 63 f) 8 d) 3.157 3 109 e) 4.5 3 108 f) 6.01 3 107
g) 43 h) 37 g) 8.15 3 1010 h) 3.56 3 107
3. a) 54 b) 412 c) 1010
d) 315 e) 68 f) 86
Exercise 7.6 page 68
4. a) 23 b) 3 c) 53 1. a) 6 3 1024 b) 5.3 3 1025 c) 8.64 3 1024
d) 45 e) 4 3 2 (= 2 ) f) 64 3 85
3 2 8 d) 8.8 3 1028 e) 7 3 1027 f) 4.145 3 1024
g) 43 3 52 h) 4 3 67 2. a) 6.8 3 1024 b) 7.5 3 1027 c) 4.2 3 10210
d) 8 3 1029 e) 5.7 3 10211 f) 4 3 10211
10 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
3. a) 0.008 b) 0.000 42 c) 0.0903 Student assessment 3 page 72
d) 0.000 010 1
1. a) 8 3 10 6
b) 7.2 3 10 c) 7.5 3 1010
24
4. a) 24 b) 23 c) 28
d) 4 3 1024 e) 4.75 3 10 f) 6.4 3 1027
9
d) 25 e) 27 f) 3
2. a) 20 700 b) 0.001 45 c) 0.0523
5. 6.8 3 105 6.2 3 103 8.414 3 102
6.741 3 1024 3.2 3 1024 5.8 3 1027 3. 7.41 3 10 29
3.6 3 1025
5.5 3 1023
5.57 3 1029 4.21 3 107 6.2 3 107 4.9 3 108
4. a) 6 3 106 8.2 3 105 4.4 3 1023
Exercise 7.7 page 70 8 3 1021 5.2 3 104
1. a) 4 b) 5 c) 10 d) 3 e) 9 f) 10 b) 6 3 106 8.2 3 105 5.2 3 104
8 3 1021 4.4 3 1023
2. a) 2 b) 3 c) 2 d) 2 e) 6 f) 4
5. a) 2 b) 8 c) 24
3. a) 8 b) 32 c) 27 d) 64 e) 1 f) 9 d) 5 e) 25 f) 25
4. a) 25 b) 8 c) 32 d) 100 e) 32 f) 27 6. a) 1.2 3 108 b) 5.6 3 108 c) 2 3 105
d) 2.5 3 105
5. a) Qw b) Qe c) Qw d) Qe e) Qw f) Qy
7. 6 minutes
6. a) Qe b) Qw c) Qr d) Qe e) Qy f) Qe
8. 4.73 3 1015 km correct to three significant
figures (3 s.f.)
Exercise 7.8 page 70
1. a) 1 b) 7 c) 2 d) 1 e) 81 f) 6 Student assessment 4 page 73
2. a) 25 b) 2 c) 2 d) 27 e) 4 f) 2 1. a) 6 3 10 6
b) 4.5 3 10 23
c) 3.8 3 109
d) 3.61 3 1027 e) 4.6 3 108 f) 3 3 100
3. a) 4 b) 2 c) 64 d) 9 e) 3 f) 27
2. a) 8 112 000 b) 440 000 c) 0.000 305
Student assessment 1 page 71 3. 4.05 3 10 8
3.6 3 102
9 3 101
1.5 3 1022 7.2 3 1023 2.1 3 1023
1. a) 23 3 52 b) 22 3 35
4. a) 1.5 3 107 4.3 3 105 4.35 3 1024
2. a) 4 3 4 3 4 b) 6 3 6 3 6 3 6
4.8 3 100 8.5 3 1023
3. a) 800 b) 27 b) 4.35 3 1024 8.5 3 1023 4.8 3 100
4.3 3 105 1.5 3 107
4. a) 37 b) 65 3 39 c) 27
d) 6 e) 32 3 42 f) 1 5. a) 3 b) 9 c) 23
d) 6 e) 21 f) 8
5. a) 4 b) 9 c) 5 d) 1
6. a) 1.2 3 108 b) 1.48 3 1011 c) 6.73 3 107
6. a) 7 b) 22 c) 21 d) Qe
d) 3.88 3 106
Student assessment 2 page 71 7. 43.2 minutes (3 s.f.)
1. a) 22 3 35 b) 214 8. 2.84 3 1015 km (3 s.f.)
2. a) 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6
Student assessment 5 page 74
1
b) }}} 1. a) 9 b) 3 c) 3 d) 125
232323232
e) 49 f) 0.5 g) 5 h) 16
3. a) 27 000 b) 125
2. a) 1 b) 9 c) 4 d) 25
4. a) 2 7
b) 7 3 312
7
c) 26 e) 2 f) 8 g) 1 h) 45
d) 33 e) 421 f) 22
5. a) 5 b) 16 c) 49 d) 48
6. a) 2.5 b) 20.5 c) 0 d) Wo
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 11
Solutions
3. a) y
10
8 Money and finance
9
8 Exercise 8.1 page 75
7 1. a) A$31.25 b) 3500 rupees
6 c) ZIM$9400 d) 3300 rand
e) L299 f) 4120 yen
5
g) 160 dinar h) US$195
4
2. a) $400 b) $2.86
3
c) $2.13 d) $45.45
2 e) $326.09 f) $11.65
1 g) $125 h) $115.38
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x Exercise 8.2 page 76
1. $154.82
b) Approx. 2.9
2. $182
Student assessment 6 page 74 3. $131
1. a) 2 b) 81 c) Qe d) 64 4. $290.50
e) 3 f) 2 g) 6 h) 32 5. a) $195.05 b) $132.63
2. a) 15 b) 4 c) 3 d) 3125 6. $137.50
e) 4 f) 1 g) 27 h) 10
7. $525
3. a)
y 8. a) 298 rand b) 253.30 rand
20
18 Exercise 8.3 page 77
16
1. $1.80 loss
14
2. $2.88 profit
12
10 3. $54.65 profit per seat
8 4. $240 extra
6 5. $250 loss
4
2
Exercise 8.4 page 78
O 1. a) 11% b) 25%
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2. a) 30% b) 20%
b) Approx. 22.6
3. Type A 5 30%
Type B 5 15.4%
Type C 5 33.3%
Type C makes most profit.
4. 80%
Exercise 8.5 page 80
1. a) $72 b) $420
2. a) t 5 5 b) t 5 7
12 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
3. a) r 5 7 b) r 5 4
4. a) P 5 200 b) P 5 850
9 Time
5. r 5 4 Exercise 9.1 page 85
6. t 5 2 1. 08 40
7. r 5 4.5 2. 18 45
8. r 5 9.5 3. 08 25
9. $315 4. a) 2 h 18 min
10. r 5 6 b) 1 h 24 min
5. 1st: 30 min 2nd: 32 min 44 s
Exercise 8.6 page 82 3rd: 34 min 17 s 4th: 35 min 7s
1. $11 033 750 5th: 36 min
2. $52 087.50 6. 2.10 a.m. on Wednesday
3. $10 368 7. 21 45
4. 1331 students 8. 11 15
5. 3 276 800 tonnes Student assessment 1 page 86
6. 2 years 1. 09 03
7. 5 years 2. 5 h 54 min
8. 3 years 3. 49 km
Student assessment 1 page 83 4. 11 h 5 min
1. a) 2880 rupees b) HK$83.33 Student assessment 2 page 86
2. a) €625 b) €192.31 1. 08 18
3. $122.40 2. 2 h 15 min
4. $26.16 ($12.96 1 $13.20) 3. 154 km
5. a) $72 b) 8% c) 4 years 4. a) 3 h 30 min or 3.5 h
d) 7.5% e) $1250 b) 90 km/h
6. $6000
7. 30% 10 et notation and
S
Student assessment 2 page 84 Venn diagrams
1. a) $82.50 b) $4800 c) $2187.50
Exercise 10.1 page 88
2. 3.5%
1. a) i) Continents of the world
3. 5 years
ii) Student’s own answers
4. a) $24.36 b) $2969.24 c) $9953.45 b) i) Even numbers
5. a) i) $10 625 ii) Student’s own answers
ii) $9031.25 c) i) Days of the week
b) 16 years ii) Student’s own answers
d) i) Months with 31 days
ii) Student’s own answers
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 13
Solutions
e) i) Triangle numbers 4. a) % 5 {a, b, p, q, r, s, t}
ii) Student’s own answers b) A' 5 {a, b}
f) i) Boy’s names beginning with the letter m 5. a) % 5 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
ii) Student’s own answers b) A' 5 {1, 4, 6, 8}
g) i) Prime numbers greater than 7 c) A > B 5 {2, 3}
ii) Student’s own answers d) A < B 5 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8}
e) (A > B)' 5 {1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
h) i) Vowels f) A > B' 5 {5, 7}
ii) o, u
6. a) i) A 5 {even numbers from 2 to 14}
i) i) Planets of the solar system
ii) B 5 {multiples of 3 from 3 to 15}
ii) Student’s own answers
iii) C 5 {multiples of 4 from 4 to 20}
j) i) Numbers between 3 and 12 b) i) A > B 5 {6, 12}
ii) Student’s own answers ii) A > C 5 {4, 8, 12}
k) i) Numbers between 25 and 5 iii) B > C 5 {12}
ii) Student’s own answers iv) A > B > C 5 {12}
v) A < B 5 {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15}
2. a) 7 c) 7 d) 7 vi) C < B 5 {3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 20}
f) Unquantifiably finite, though theoretically
infinite 7. a) i) A 5 {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7}
h) 5 i) 9 ii) B 5 {3, 4, 5, 8, 9}
iii) C' 5 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9}
iv) A > B 5 {4, 5}
Exercise 10.2 page 89
v) A < B 5 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
1. a) Q 5 {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, vi) (A > B)' 5 {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9}
26, 28} b) C , A
b) R 5 {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23,
8.
a) i) W 5 {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10}
25, 27, 29}
ii) X 5 {2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9}
c) S 5 {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
iii) Z' 5 {1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10}
d) T 5 {1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
iv) W > Z 5 {2, 9}
e) U 5 {1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28}
v) W > X 5 {2, 6, 7, 9}
2. a) B 5 {55, 60, 65} vi) Y > Z 5 { } or \
b) C 5 {51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69} b) Z
c) D 5 {64}
3. a) {p, q, r}, {p, q}, {p, r}, {q, r}, {p}, {q}, {r}, { }
Exercise 10.4 93
b) {p, q}, {p, r}, {q, r}, {p}, {q}, {r} 1. a)
A B
4. a) True b) True c) True d) False
e) False f) True g) True h) False Libya Iran
Exercise 10.3 page 91 Morocco Egypt Iraq
1. a) True b) True c) False Turkey
d) False e) False f) True Chad
2. a) A > B 5 {4, 6}
b) A > B 5 {4, 9} b) i) A > B 5 {Egypt}
c) A > B 5 {yellow, green} ii) A < B 5 {Libya, Morocco, Chad,
Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Turkey}
3. a) A < B 5 {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 18}
b) A < B 5 {1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 16}
c) A < B 5 {red, orange, blue, indigo, violet,
yellow, green, purple, pink}
14 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2. a) P Q 4. a)
P C
2
11 15
3 10
13 20 25
5 17 19
5
7
2 8
b) i) P > Q 5 {11, 13, 17}
ii) P < Q 5 {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19} 30
3. A B
1 2 6 B
b) 100
8
4
3
Student assessment 1 page 94
10
1. a) {even numbers from 2 to 8}
b) {even numbers}
4. c) {square numbers}
X Y
d) {oceans}
a d b 2. a) 7 b) 2 c) 6 d) 366
l
g e h 3. a)
A B
k
c
i
f m
j
b) A B
Z
5. P Q
11
7 5
15 4. {a, b}, {a}, {b}, { }
1
4 9 10 5. A' 5 {m, t, h}
R Student assessment 2 page 95
1. a) {odd numbers from 1 to 7}
Exercise 10.5 page 94 b)
c)
{odd numbers}
{triangle numbers}
1. a) 5 b) 14 c) 13 d) {countries in South America}
2. 45 2. a) 12 b) 3 c) 7
d) Student’s own answer
3. a) 10 b) 50
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 15
Solutions
3. a) % 4. a) %
A B
M N
2
4
9 5
b) % 10
A B 6
7
8
1
3
4. {o, r, k}, {w, r, k}, {w, o, k}, {w, o, r}, {w, o, r, k} b) X 5 {multiples of 10}
5. P' 5 {1, 3, 5, 7} 5. a) G C
Student assessment 3 page 95
1. {2, 4}, {2, 6}, {2, 8}, {4, 6}, {4, 8}, {6, 8}, {2, 4, 6}, 19 7 8
{2, 4, 8}, {2, 6, 8}, {4, 6, 8}
6
2. a) J K
London 2 22
Paris
Nairobi
Rome Ankara 13
Washington Cairo Pretoria
Canberra S
b) 6
b) {Ankara, Cairo} c) {Nairobi, Pretoria}
Student assessment 4 page 96
3. a)
M N 1. a) 32
4 12 b) {a, e, i, o, u}, {a, e, i, o}, {a, e, i, u}, {a, e, o,
2
15 6 5 23 u}, {a, i, o, u}, {e, i, o, u}
3
8 7
9 11 2. a) X Y
13 29 cat
10 14
16 17 tiger lion elephant
19
18 20 cheetah gazelle
leopard
zebra
puma
b) {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
c) {4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 29} jaguar
anaconda
tarantula
mosquito
Z
b) {lion, cheetah} c) \ d) \
16 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
3. a) Let the number liking only cricket be x.
% U 11 Algebraic
C F
representation
x 3x 2x + 6
and manipulation
4 Exercise 11.1 page 104
b) 15 c) 5 d) 16 1. a) 4x 2 12 b) 10p 2 20
c) 242x 1 24y d) 6a 2 9b 2 12c
4. a) 5 b) 35 c) 40 d) 50 e) 15
e) 214m 1 21n f) 216x 1 6y
f ) 12 g) 10 h) 78 i) 78
2. a) 3x2 2 9xy b) a2 1 ab 1 ac
c) 8m2 2 4mn d) 215a2 1 20ab
Topic 1 Mathematical e) 4x2 2 4xy f) 24p2 2 8pq
investigations and ICT 3. a) 22x2 1 3y2 b) a 2 b
Primes and squares page 100 c) 7p 2 2q d) 3x 2 4y 1 2z
e) 3x 2 Ew y f) 2x2 2 3xy
1. 22 + 32 = 13
42 + 52 = 41 4. a) 12r3 2 15rs 1 6rt
2. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, b) a3 1 a2b 1 a2c
47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97 c) 6a3 2 9a2b
d) p2q 1 pq2 2 p2q2
3. 5, 13, 17, 29, 37, 41, 53, 61, 73, 89, 97 e) m3 2 m2n 1 m3n f) a6 1 a5b
4. If a number generated by the rule 4n + 1 is
a prime, then it can be expressed as the sum Exercise 11.2 page 104
of two square numbers. (This was proved by 1. a) 2a 2 8 b) 4x 2 20
Fermat in the 17th century.) Alternatively, c) 3p 2 16 d) 21m 2 6n
add 1 to the prime number and divide the e) 3 f) 2p 2 3p2
result by 2. If the answer is even then the
prime number cannot be expressed as the sum 2. a) 8m2 1 28m 1 2 b) x 2 4
of two squares. c) 2p 1 22 d) m 2 12
e) a2 1 6a 1 2 f) 7ab 2 16ac 1 3c
5. The rule works for the numbers shown, but
this does not prove that it always works. 3. a) 4x 1 4 b) 5x 2 Ew y
c) Or x 2 Tw y d) Ow x 1 Qw y
Football leagues page 100 e) 7x 2 4y f) 0
1. (17 + 16 + 15 + … + 1) × 2 = 306 Exercise 11.3 page 105
2. n = t(t – 1)
1. a) x 1 5x 1 6
2
b) x2 1 7x 1 12
ICT activity 1 page 101 c) x2 1 7x 1 10 d) x2 1 7x 1 6
e) x2 1 x 2 6 f) x2 1 5x 2 24
2. Student’s spreadsheet
2. a) x2 1 2x 2 24 b) x2 2 3x 2 28
3. e.g. in cell C4 enter =B4/B$3*100
c) x2 2 2x 2 35 d) x2 2 2x 2 15
4. Student’s spreadsheet e) x2 2 2x 2 3 f) x2 1 2x 2 63
5. Student’s report 3. a) x2 2 5x 1 6 b) x2 2 7x 1 10
c) x2 2 12x 1 32 d) x2 1 6x 1 9
ICT activity 2 page 101
e) x2 2 6x 1 9 f) x2 2 12x 1 35
Student’s graphs and responses will vary except:
4. a) x2 2 9 b) x2 2 49
6. The gradient of the tangent at a point
c) x2 2 64 d) x2 2 y2
represents the speed of the runner at that
e) a2 2 b2 f) p2 2 q2
point.
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 17
Solutions
2a 2 5 6b 1 5
Exercise 11.4 page 106 3. a) b 5
6
b) a 5
2
3x 2 7y 4z 1 7y
1. a) 2(2x 2 3) b) 6(3 2 2p) c) z 5 d) x 5
c) 3(2y 2 1) d) 2(2a 2 3b) 4 3
e) 3(p 2 q) f) 4(2m 1 3n 1 4r) 3x 2 4z 81q
e) y 5 f) p 5
7 2r
2. a) a(3b 1 4c 2 5d) b) 2p(4q 1 3r 2 2s) 4 n
c) a(a 2 b) d) 2x(2x 2 3y) 4. a) p 5 4r b) p 5 }} c) p 5 }}
3r 10
e) ab(c 1 d 1 f) f) 3m(m 1 3) 2t
2t
d) n 5 10p e) p 5 f) q 5 }} 2 r
3. a) 3pq(r 2 3s) b) 5m(m 2 2n) qr p
c) 4xy(2x 2 y) b) b2(2a2 2 3c2)
3m 2 n 3m 2 n
e) 12( p 2 3) f) 6(7x 2 9) 5. a) r 5 b) t 5
t(p q) r(p q)
4. a) 6(3 1 2y) b) 7(2a 2 3b) rt (p q) 1 n
c) 11x(1 1 y) d) 4(s 2 4t 1 5r) c) m 5
3
e) 5q( p 2 2r 1 3s) f) 4y(x 1 2y)
d) n 5 3m 2 rt( p 1 q)
5. a) m(m 1 n) b) 3p( p 2 2q) 3m 2 n
c) qr( p 1 s) d) ab(1 1 a 1 b) e) p 5 2 q
rt
e) p3(3 2 4p) f) b2c(7b 1 c)
3m 2 n
6. a) m(m2 2 mn 1 n2) f) q 5 2 p
rt
b) 2r2(2r 2 3 1 4s) ab dec
c) 28xy(2x 2 y) 6. a) d 5 }} b) a 5 }}
ce b
d) 18mn(4m 1 2n 2 mn)
ab
Exercise 11.5 page 106 c) c 5 }}
de
d) a 5 cd 2 b
1. a) 0 b) 30 c) 14 a a
e) b 5 d 2 }} f) c 5
d) 20 e) 213 f) 24 c d2b
2. a) 23 b) 230 c) 20 Exercise 11.7 page 108
d) 216 e) 240 f) 42
1. a) 2y 1 7y 1 6
2
b) 3y2 1 25y 1 28
3. a) 2160 b) 223 c) 42 c) 2y2 1 17y 1 8 d) 4y2 1 6y 1 2
d) 217 e) 2189 f) 113 e) 6y2 1 23y 1 20 f) 18y2 1 15y 1 3
4. a) 48 b) 28 c) 15 2. a) 2p2 1 13p 2 24 b) 4p2 1 23p 2 35
d) 16 e) 25 f) 9 c) 6p2 1 p 2 12 d) 12p2 1 13p 2 35
5. a) 12 b) 25 c) 25 e) 18p2 2 2 f) 28p2 1 44p 2 24
d) 7 e) 7 f) 36 3. a) 4x2 2 4x 1 1 b) 9x2 1 6x 1 1
c) 16x2 2 16x 1 4 d) 25x2 2 40x 1 16
Exercise 11.6 page 107
e) 4x2 1 24x 1 36 f) 4x2 2 9
1. a) n 5 r 2 m b) m 5 p 2 n 4. a) 24x2 1 9 b) 16x2 2 9
c) n 5 3p 2 2m d) q 5 3x 2 2p c) 216x2 1 9 d) 225y2 1 49
cd ab e) 8y2 2 18 f) 25y2 2 70y 1 49
e) a 5 }} f) d 5 }}
b c
Exercise 11.8 page 109
4m 7pq
2. a) x 5 }} b) r 5 }} 1. a) (x 1 y)(a 1 b) b) (x 2 y)(a 1 b)
3y 5
c y27 c) (3 1 x)(m 1 n) d) (m 1 n)(4 1 x)
c) x 5 }} d) x 5 e) (m 2 n)(3 1 x) f) (x 1 z)(6 1 y)
3 3
3r 1 9 5y 2 9 2. a) (p 1 q)(r 2 s) b) (p 1 3)(q 2 4)
e) y 5 f) x 5
5 3 c) (q 2 4)(p 1 3) d) (r 1 2t)(s 1 t)
e) (s 1 t)(r 2 2t) f) (b 1 c)(a 2 4c)
18 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
3. a) (y 1 x)(x 1 4) b) (x 2 2)(x 2 y) 3. a) (x 1 12)(x 1 2) b) (x 1 8)(x 1 3)
c) (a 2 7)(b 1 3) d) (b 2 1)(a 2 1) c) (x 2 6)(x 2 4) d) (x 1 12)(x 1 3)
e) (p 2 4)(q 2 4) f) (m 2 5)(n 2 5) e) (x 1 18)(x 1 2) f) (x 2 6)2
4. a) (m 2 3)(n 2 2) b) (m 2 3r)(n 2 2r) 4. a) (x 1 5)(x 2 3) b) (x 2 5)(x 1 3)
c) (p 2 4q)(r 2 4) d) (a 2 c)(b 2 1) c) (x 1 4)(x 2 3) d) (x 2 4)(x 1 3)
e) (x 2 2y)(x 2 2z) f) (2a 1 b)(a 1 b) e) (x 1 6)(x 2 2) f) (x 2 12)(x 2 3)
5. a) (x 2 4)(x 1 2) b) (x 2 5)(x 1 4)
Exercise 11.9 page 109 c) (x 1 6)(x 2 5) d) (x 1 6)(x 2 7)
1. a) (a 2 b)(a 1 b) b) (m 2 n)(m 1 n) e) (x 1 7)(x 2 9) f) (x 1 9)(x 2 6)
c) (x 2 5)(x 1 5) d) (m 2 7)(m 1 7) 6. a) (2x 1 1)(x 1 1) b) (2x 1 3)(x 12)
e) (9 2 x)(9 1 x) f) (10 2 y)(10 1 y) c) (2x 2 3)(x 1 2) d) (2x 2 3)(x 2 2)
e) (3x 1 2)(x 1 2) f) (3x 2 1)(x 1 4)
2. a) (12 2 y)(12 1 y) b) (q 2 13)(q 1 13)
g) (2x 1 3)2 h) (3x 2 1)2
c) (m 2 1)(m 1 1) d) (1 2 t)(1 1 t)
i) (3x 1 1)(2x 2 1)
e) (2x 2 y)(2x 1 y) f) (5p 2 8q)(5p 1 8q)
3. a) (3x 2 2y)(3x 1 2y) Exercise 11.12 page 112
b) (4p 2 6q)(4p 1 6q)
c)
d)
(8x 2 y)(8x 1 y)
(x 2 10y)(x 1 10y)
1. a) x 5
P
2m
T
b) x 5
3
! y2
c) x 5
m
!
e) (qr 2 2p)(qr 1 2p)
w2w2
d) x 5 p wwq2w2
wwy2w
f) (ab 2 cd)(ab 1 cd)
4. a) (mn 2 3y)(mn 1 3y) e) x 5 yw2w2
wwn2w2
wwm 2w
b) ( Qw x 2 Qe y)( Qw x 1 Qe y)
!
2 2 2
p q y
c ) (2x 2 9y2)(2x 1 9y2) f) x 5
4
d) (p2 2 q2)(p2 1 q2) 5 (p 2 q)(p 1 q)(p2 + q2)
a) x 5 }} b) x 5 ! !
P P Pr
e) 4(m2 2 3y2)(m2 1 3y2) 2. c) x 5
f) (4x2 2 9y2)(4x2 1 9y2) Qr Qr Q
5 (2x 2 3y)(2x 1 3y) (4x2 1 9y2) n
m
! wst
d) x 5 e) x 5
r
!
Exercise 11.10 page 110
1. a) 60 b) 240 c) 2400 !
wr
f) x 5
pq
d) 280 e) 7600 f) 9200 mn 2
2. a) 2000 b) 9800 c) 200
3. a) x 5 (rp)2
p
1 2 k
b) x 5 }} c) x 5 2
g
d) 3200 e) 998 000 f) 161 rg 2
4m2r
d) x 5 2 e) x 5
3. a) 68 b) 86 c) 1780 4π p2
d) 70 e) 55 f) 5 4m2r
f) x 5
p2
4. a) 72.4 b) 0.8 c) 65
d) 15 e) 1 222 000 f) 231 Exercise 11.13 page 113
Exercise 11.11 page 111
1.
vu
a) t 5 w2w2
b) u 5 n wwa
2wsw
1. a) (x 1 4)(x 1 3) b) (x 1 6)(x 1 2) a
c) (x 1 12)(x 1 1) d) (x 2 3)(x 2 4) v2 u2 s 2 !s at2
c) s 5 d) u 5 }
e) (x 2 6)(x 2 2) f) (x 2 12)(x 2 1) 2a t
!
2. a) (x 1 5)(x 1 1) b) (x 1 4)(x 1 2) 2(s ut) 2(s ut)
c) (x 1 3)2 d) (x 1 5)2 e) a 5 f) t 5
t2 a
e) (x 1 11)2 f) (x 2 6)(x 2 7)
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 19
Solutions
A
!
1 πrA 2 2 r Exercise 11.16
2
2. a) r 5 b) h 5 2 page 115
πs2 t2
4 ab 11
vf fu 1. a) }} b) c) }}
c) u 5 d) n 5 7 7 13
vf uf cd xyz p2 q2
d) e) f)
t 2
1 2 2π
1 2
2
e) l 5 g f) g 5 l 13 3 5
2π t 3 c2d 4
2. a) }} b) c) }}
7(p + 2) 2 11 11 a
3. a) x = ± b) a = ± 4 + (b – 3)
3t 2a 5b 2x 3y 1
d) e) f) 2 }}
3 7 2x
Exercise 11.14 page 113 1 3 5
3. a) }} b) }} c) }}
1. a) 0.53 m3 (2 d.p.) b) r 5 !
V
πh
2
7
2a
3
3c
1
c) 5.05 cm d) }} e) }} f) 2 }}
2x 2p 2w
2. a) 66 °C (2 s.f.) b) 211 °C (2 s.f.)
3p 2 q x 2 2y 3m 2 n
9C 4. a) b) c)
c) F 5 }} 1 32 d) 320 °F 12 4 9
5 x 2 2y 5r 1 m 5s t
d) e) f)
3. a) 15 hours b) H 5 1200(T 2 k) 12 10 15
c) 5000 m 7x 9x 2y m
5. a) }} b) c) }}
4. a) 524 cm3 (3 s.f.) b) r 5 3 !3V
4π
12
m x
15 2
4r
c) r 5 8.42 m (3 s.f.) d) }} e) }} f) }}
p 2y 7s
x 2 1.5
5. a) $251.50 b) n 5
c) n 5 470
0.05 Exercise 11.17 page 116
Exercise 11.15 page 114 1.
3a 1 2b
a)
5a 1 3b
b)
7p 1 4q
c)
6 15 28
xp q p
1. a) }} b) }} c) }} 6a 1 5b 9x 1 20y 10x 1 14y
yq y r d) e) f)
d bd 15 36 35
d) }} e) }2} f) p a 2a 11p
c c 2. a) }} b) }} c) }}
6 15 28
2. a) m 2
b) r 5
c) x 6
11a 29x 24x
r3 d) }} e) }} f) }}
d) xy2 e) abc3 f) }} 15 36 35
pq m r x
2x 3. a) }} b) }} c) 2 }}
3. a) }} b) 4q2 c) 5n 10 10 4
y
2 29x 23x p
d) 3x3y e) 3p f) }} d) }} e) }} f) }}
3mn 28 6 6
2a 2y p 2c 4x
4. a) }} b) }} c) 2 4. a) }} b) }} c) }}
3b x 2 3 5
m q w
d) 3xy e) 3 f) 6xy d) }} e) }} f) }}
3 5 4
8y 5p p3 3m 7m m
5. a) }} b) }} c) }} 5. a) }} b) }} c) 2
3 2 s 2 3 2
ef 5m p 36q
d) }2} d) }} e) }} f) }}
c 2 3 7
20x 9b
6. a) b)
3 8
20 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
pr 2 p x 1 xy mn 1 m Student assessment 2 page 119
6. a) b) c)
r y n 1. a) 6x 2 9y 1 15z b) 8pm 2 28p
a 1 ab 2xy 2 x 2pq 2 3p c) 28m2n 1 4mn2 d) 20p3q 2 8p2q2 2 8p3
d) e) f)
b y q e) 22x 2 2 f) 22x2 2 14x
g) 2 h) Tw x2 2 x
7. a) 5a + 12 b) 11b − 20 2. a) 8(2p 2 q) b) p(p 2 6q)
6 15 c) 5pq(p 2 2q) d) 3pq(3 2 2p 1 4q)
c) 3c − 2 d) 25d − 54 3. a) 0 b) 27 c) 29
4 14
d) 7 e) 7 f) 35
Exercise 11.18 page 118
4. a) n 5 p 2 4m
4x 2 5z
b) y 5
3x 1 4 m27 3
1. a) b) 10px 3w
(x 2)(x 1) (m 2)(m 2 1) c) y 5 }} d) y 5 }} 2 x
3p 2 7 w 1 11 3 m
c) d) pqt
(p 2 3)(p 2 2) (w 2 1)(w 1 3) e) r 5 }} f) q 5 r(m 2 n) 2 p
–12 12 2 m 4mn
e) f)
(y 1 4)(y 1 1) (m 2 2)(m 1 3)
x y m2
Student assessment 3 page 120
2. a) b) c) 1. a) (m 2 5n)(x 2 5)
x2 y3 m23
p m m1 b) (2x 2 9y)(2x 1 9y)
d) e) f) c) 7600
p25 m4 m12
d) (x2 2 y2)(x2 1 y2) 5 (x – y)(x + y)(x2 + y2)
x x y
3. a) b) c) 2. a) x2 1 8x 1 15 b) x2 2 14x 1 49
x3 x4 y23
c) x2 1 10x 1 25 d) x2 2 5x 2 14
x x x
d) e) f) e) 6x2 1 13x 2 8 f) 25y2 2 70y 1 49
x3 x2 x1
x x x 3. a) (x 2 16)(x 2 2) b) (x 1 4)(x 2 6)
4. a) b) c) c) (x 2 6)(x 2 3) d) (x 2 1)2
x1 x3 x23
e) (2x 2 1)(x 1 3) f) (3x 2 2)2
x x x
d) e) f) v2 u2
x2 x23 x7 4. a) a 5 w2w2
b) h 5 p wwrw2
2s
Student assessment 1
!
page 119 rn 4π2l
c) s 5 d) g 5
1. a) 10a 2 30b 1 15c b) 15x2 2 27x m t2
c) 215xy2 2 5y3 d) 15x3y 1 9x2y2 2 3x5 5w
e) x = 7 − 2y f) x =
e) 12 2 p f) 14m2 2 14m 3 3
g) 4x 1 3 h) AwDm2 2 3m 4n2
5. a) b2 b) x4 c)
m
2. a) 4(3a 2 b) b) x(x 2 4y)
p3q 2
e) 5t
3
c) 4p2(2p 2 q) d) 8xy(3 2 2x 1 y) d) f) 2s
r2 6 3r
3. a) 221 b) 26 c) 43 3m 5r
12m 1 5n
d) 7 e) 12 f) 12 6. a) b) }} c) }}
16 4y 12x
3m 2 8r
4. a) q 5 x 2 3p b) n 5 8x 2 9y 6r −5x − 2
5 d) e) }} f)
12 7 3
2mt 2y
c) y 5 }} d) w 5 }} 2 y 5m 1 13 y3
3 x 7. a) }
b)
(m 1 2)(m 1 3) y23
xyt
e) p 5 }} f) x 5 w(m 1 n) 2 y x
2rs c)
x7
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 21
Solutions
Student assessment 4 page 121 12 Algebraic indices
1. a) (q 1 r)(p 2 3r)
b) (1 2 t2)(1 1 t2) = (1 2 t)(1 1 t)(1 1 t2) Exercise 12.1 page 123
c) 750 000 d) 50
2. a) x2 2 2x 2 8 b) x2 2 16x 1 64 1. a) c8 b) m2 c) b9
c) x2 1 2xy 1 y2 d) x2 2 121 d) m3n6 e) 2a4b f) 3x3y2
e) 6x2 2 13x 1 6 f) 9x2 2 30x 1 25 uv3 x2y3 z2
g) h)
2 3
3. a) (x 2 11)(x 1 7) b) (x 2 3)2
c) (x 2 12)(x 1 12) d) 3(x 2 2)(x 1 3) 2. a) 12a5 b) 8a5b3 c) 8p6
e) (2x 2 3)(x 1 4) f) (2x 2 5)2 d) 16m4n6 e) 200p13 f) 32m5n11
g) 24xy3 h) ab(d1e)
4. a) f 5 !
p
m
b) t 5 !
m
5 Exercise 12.2 page 124
1 2 2q
2
A ty 1. a) c 3
b) g
c) p 5 d) x 5
πr y2t 1
c) q –2
d) m–1 or
m
e ) p = 4q f) r(s − 1) r–6 p6
t= 2. a) a2 b) or 6
2+ r p –6
r
5. a) x4 b) nq c) y3 c) t16 d) m9
4
d) }} e) n
3
f) 21bc
2
Exercise 12.3 page 125
q 2 4
35 13 3
1. a) a b) a c) a d) a7
2m 3p 3x
6. a) }} b) 2 c) }} 2.
7
a) ( b)2
3
b) ( b)8
5
c) ( b)–2
3
d) ( b)–4
11 16 4y
3 3 5
– 16
6m 13n 3. a) a4 b) a 20 c) a2 d) a
d) e ) 14 − y e ) 4y + 9
30p 3 2 20 5 3 6
4. a) ( b)19 b) ( b)–7 c) ( b)14 d) ( b)–11
7x 2 23 a2b
7. a) b) }}
5
−1 −5 9
a) x
2
(x 5)(x 2) a1b 5. b) 2y 3
c) 4p 2
d) 1
12 2x 3
1
c) }} Student assessment 1 page 126
x13
1. a) a3b2 b) d2e5
Student assessment 5 page 122
2. a) m × m × m b) r × r × r × r
1. a) 0.204 m3 (3 s.f.)
c) r 5 5.40 cm
!V
b) r 5
πh
3. a) a 7
b) p × q
5 9
c) b3 d) e6
1 1
A 4. a) r4 b) 2 or b–2 c) or n3
2. a) 2410 cm2 b) h 5 }} 2 r b n–3
c) 10.9 cm 2πr 5. a) p–9 b) h7
3. a) 5.39 cm (3 s.f.) Student assessment 2 page 126
b) 3.68 m (3 s.f.) 78 – 25
1. a) a b) a
c) x 5 d
ww2
2
wwy2w2
wwz2w 9 3
2. a) ( b ) 4
b) ( b–2)
d) 0.713 m (3 s.f.) 11 19
2 3. a) a6 b) a6
Tg
4. a) 4.44 s (3 s.f.) b) l 5 2 15
4π 4. a) ( t )3 b) ( t )–19
c) 2.28 m (3 s.f.)
22 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
d) i)
quations and
E
9x 1 45 5 360 ii) x 5 35
13 iii) 35°, 55°, 120°, 150°
e) i)
inequalities
6x 1 18 5 180 ii) x 5 27
iii) 50°, 50°, 130°, 130°
4. a) 20 b) 25 c) 14 d) 25
Exercise 13.1 page 127
e) 31 f) 40
1. a) x 5 24 b) y 5 5 c) y 5 25 5. a) 50 b) 13 c) 40 d) 40
d) p 5 24 e) y 5 8 f) x 5 25.5
6. a) 5 b) 2 c) 7 d) 1.1
2. a) x 5 4 Qe b) x 5 5 c) x 5 6 e) 25 f) 15
d) y 5 28 e) y 5 4 f) m 5 10
3. a) m 5 1 b) p 5 3 c) k 5 21 Exercise 13.3 page 133
d) x 5 221 e) x 5 2 f) y 5 3 1. a) x 5 4 y 5 2 b) x 5 6 y55
4. a) x 5 6 b) y 5 14 c) x 5 4 c) x 5 6 y 5 21 d) x 5 5 y52
d) m 5 12 e) x 5 35 f) p 5 20 e) x 5 5 y 5 2 f) x 5 4 y59
5. a) x 5 15 b) x 5 25 c) x 5 7.5 2. a) x 5 3 y 5 2 b) x 5 7 y54
d) x 5 8 e) x 5 2.5 f) x 5 10 c) x 5 1 y 5 1 d) x 5 1 y55
e) x 5 1 y 5 10 f) x 5 8 y52
6. a) x 5 5 b) x 5 14 c) x 5 22
3. a) x 5 5 y54 b) x 5 4 y53
d) x 5 5 e) x 5 8 f) x 5 2
c) x 5 10 y55 d) x 5 6 y54
7. a) y 5 10 b) x 5 17 c) x 5 13 e) x 5 4 y54 f) x 5 10 y 5 22
d) y 5 25 e) x 5 4 f) x 5 6.5
4. a) x 5 5 y54 b) x 5 4 y52
Exercise 13.2 page 129 c) x 5 5 y53 d) x 5 5 y 5 22
e) x 5 1 y55 f) x 5 23 y 5 23
1. a) i) 3x 1 60 5 180 ii) x 5 40
iii) 40°, 60°, 80° 5. a) x 5 25 y 5 22 b) x 5 23 y 5 24
b) i) 3x 5 180 ii) x 5 60 c) x 5 4 y 5 3 We d) x 5 2 y57
iii) 20°, 80°, 80° e) x 5 1 y 5 1 f) x 5 2 y59
c) i) 18x 5 180 ii) x 5 10 6. a) x 5 2 y53 b) x 5 5 y 5 10
iii) 20°, 50°, 110° c) x 5 4 y56 d) x 5 4 y54
d) i) 6x 5 180 ii) x 5 30 e) x 5 5 y51 f) x 5 23 y 5 23
iii) 30°, 60°, 90°
e) i) 7x 2 30 5 180 ii) x 5 30 7. a) x 5 1 y 5 21 b) x 5 11 We y58
iii) 10°, 40°, 130° c) x 5 4 y 5 0 d) x 5 3 y54
f ) i) 9x 2 45 5 180 ii) x 5 25 e) x 5 2 y 5 8 f) x 5 1 y51
iii) 25°, 55°, 100°
Exercise 13.4 page 135
2. a) i) 12x 5 360 ii) x 5 30
1. a) x 5 2 y53 b) x 5 1 y54
iii) 90°, 120°, 150°
c) x 5 5 y52 d) x 5 3 y53
b) i) 11x 1 30 5 360 ii) x 5 30
e) x 5 4 y52 f) x 5 6 y51
iii) 90°, 135°, 135°
c) i) 12x 1 60 5 360 ii) x 5 25 2. a) x 5 1 y54 b) x 5 5 y52
iii) 35°, 80°, 90°, 155° c) x 5 3 y53 d) x 5 6 y51
d) i) 10x 1 30 5 360 ii) x 5 33 e) x 5 2 y53 f) x 5 2 y53
iii) 33°, 94°, 114°, 119°
3. a) x 5 0 y53 b) x 5 5 y52
3. a) i) 11x 2 80 5 360 ii) x 5 40 c) x 5 1 y57 d) x 5 6 y54
iii) 40°, 80°, 80°, 160° e) x 5 2 y55 f) x 5 3 y50
b) i) 10x 1 60 5 360 ii) x 5 30
4. a) x 5 1 y 5 0.5 b) x 5 2.5 y54
iii) 45°, 90°, 95°, 130°
c) x 5 Qt y 5 4 d) x 5 Er y 5 Qw
c) i) 16x 1 8 5 360 ii) x 5 22
e) x 5 5 y 5 Q f) x 5 Qw y51
iii) 44°, 96°, 100°, 120°
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 23
Solutions
Exercise 13.5 page 135 5. a) 24 and 3 b) 26 and 22 c) 29 and 4
d) 21 e) 22 f) 29 and 28
1. 10 and 7
6. a) 0 and 8 b) 0 and 7 c) 23 and 0
2. 16 and 9 d) 24 and 0 e) 0 and 9 f) 0 and 4
3. x 5 1 y 5 4 7. a) 21.5 and 21 b) 21 and 2.5
c) 21 and Qe d) 25 and 2 Qw
4. x 5 5 y 5 2
e) 1.5 and 5 f) 21 Qe and Qw
5. 60 and 20 years old 8. a) 212 and 0 b) 29 and 23 c) 28 and 4
6. 60 and 6 years old d) 27 and 2 e) 26 and 6 f) 210 and 10
Exercise 13.6 page 137 Exercise 13.9 page 140
1. a) 7 b) 3 c) 6 1. 24 and 3
d) 7 e) 10 f) 15 2. 26 and 7
2. a) 7 b) 6 c) 6 3. 2
d) 10 e) 3 4. 4
3. a) 8 b) 5 c) 8 5. Height = 3 cm, base length = 12 cm
d) 6 e) 6
6. Height = 20 cm, base length = 2 cm
4. a) 6, 18, 26
7. Base length = 6 cm, height = 5 cm
b) 160, 214, 246, 246
c) 50°, 80°, 100°, 140°, 170° 8. a) 9x 1 14 5 50 b) x 5 4 c) 11 m 3 6 m
d) 80°, 80°, 80°, 160°, 160°, 160°
e) 150°, 150°, 150°, 150°, 120°, 120°, 120°, 120°
Exercise 13.10 page 142
1. a) 23.14 and 4.14 b) 25.87 and 1.87
Exercise 13.7 page 139 c) 26.14 and 1.14 d) 24.73 and 21.27
1. a) 24 and 23 b) 22 and 26 e) 26.89 and 1.89 f) 3.38 and 5.62
c) 21 and 212 d) 2 and 5 2. a) 25.30 and 21.70 b) 25.92 and 5.92
e) 2 and 3 f) 2 and 4 c) 23.79 and 0.79 d) 21.14 and 6.14
2. a) 25 and 2 b) 22 and 5 c) 27 and 2 e) 24.77 and 3.77 f) 22.83 and 2.83
d) 22 and 7 e) 25 and 3 f) 23 and 5 3. a) 20.73 and 2.73 b) 21.87 and 5.87
3. a) 23 and 22 b) 23 c) 28 and 23 c) 21.79 and 2.79 d) 23.83 and 1.83
d) 4 and 6 e) 24 and 3 f) 22 and 6 e) 0.38 and 2.62 f) 0.39 and 7.61
4. a) 22 and 4 b) 24 and 5 c) 26 and 5 4. a) 20.85 and 2.35 b) 21.40 and 0.90
d) 26 and 7 e) 27 and 9 f) 29 and 6 c) 0.14 and 1.46 d) 22 and 20.5
e) 20.39 and 1.72 f) 21.54 and 1.39
Exercise 13.8 page 139
1. a) 23 and 3 b) 24 and 4
Exercise 13.11 page 144
c) 25 and 5 d) 211 and 11 1. a) x , 4
e) 212 and 12 f) 215 and 15
11 22 33 44
2. a) 22.5 and 2.5 b) 22 and 2
b) x . 1
c) 21.6 and 1.6 d) 2 Qw and Qw
e) 2 Qe and Qe f) 2 w Q p and w Q p 11 22 33 44
3. a) 24 and 21 b) 25 and 22 c) x 3
c) 24 and 22 d) 2 and 4
e) 2 and 5 f) 24 and 2 00 11 22 33
4. a) 22 and 5 b) 25 and 2 c) 23 and 6 d) x 7
d) 26 and 3 e) 24 and 6 f) 26 and 8
77 88 99 10
10
24 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
00 11 22 33
1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 Solutions
7 8 9 10
e) x , 2 c) 3.53 x , 53.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
0 1 2 3 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
f ) x . 2 d) 2 x , 4.2
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4.2
2. a) x , 7 2. a) 1 , x 5
1 2 3 4.2
5 6 7 8 0 0 11 1 22 2 33 3 44 4 55 5
5 6 7 8 0
b) x 22 b) 21 x , 1
2
2 1
1 00 11 2 1
2 100 0 11 1 22 2
2 1
c) x . 23 c) 2 , x , 3
0 1 1 22 2 33 3 44
3 2 1 0
3 2 1
1 4
d) x 212 d) No solution
12
12 11
11 10
10 9
9 Student assessment 1 page 145
e) x . 224 1. a) 9 b) 11 c) 24 d) 6
24
24 23
23 22
22 21
21 2. a) 1.5 b) 7 c) 4 d) 3
f ) x 23 3. a) 210 b) 12 c) 10 d) 11 Qr
3
3 2
2 1
1 0
0 4. a) 16 b) 28 We c) 2 d) 3.5
3. a) x , 2 5. a) x 5 5 y 5 2 b) x 5 3 Qe y 5 4 Qe
c) x 5 5 y 5 4 d) x 5 5 y 5 1
00
0 11
1 22
2 33
3
b) x 12 Student assessment 2 page 145
9
99 10
10
10 11
11
11 12
12
12 1. a) 26 b) 6 c) 4 d) 2.4
c) x 2 2. a) 0.5 b) 4 c) 9.5 d) 5
11
1 22
2 33
3 44
4 3. a) 6 b) 15 c) 22 d) 6
d) x 22 4. a) 8.5 b) 4 Qe c) 8.5 d) 12
2
2
2 1
1
1 00
0 11
1 5. a) x 5 7 y 5 4 b) p 5 1 q 5 2
c) x 5 7 y 5 1 d) m 5 3 n 5 5
e) x . 20.5
1
1
1 0.5
0.5
0.5 00
0 0.5
0.5
0.5
Student assessment 3 page 145
f ) x 2 1. a) 4x 1 40 5 180 b) x 5 35
c) 35°, 70°, 75°
11
1 22
2 33
3 44
4
2. 9
Exercise 13.12 page 144 3. 30°, 30°, 30°, 30°, 30°, 30°, 45°, 45°, 45°, 45°
1. 1 x4 2
a) 2 , 3 4 5 4. 25 and 21
1 2 3 4 5
5. 7.16 and 0.838 (3 s.f.)
b) 1 x , 5 6. 6x,7
1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8
7. None
1 2 3 4 5
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 25
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Solutions
Student assessment 4 page 146 4. b) 0.44 and 4.56 (2 d.p.)
5. a) B
1. a) 9x 2 90 5 360 b) x 5 50
c) 50°, 60°, 100°, 150°
x
2. 2 x 4
3. 135°, 85°, 95°, 95°, 130°
4. 24 and 5 C x 2 A
5. 2.77 and 21.27 (3 s.f.) c) 10 cm, 8 cm, 6 cm
6. 3,x5
2 3 4 5 6 14 Linear
7. All values other than 0
programming
Student assessment 5 page 147
1. a)
Exercise 14.1 page 149
x cm
1. a) x , 2 b) y 2 c) x 22
d) y 6 e) t . 0 f) p 23
2. a) 2 , y 4 b) 1 p , 5
(x 3) cm
c) 5 m , 7 d) 3 , x , 4
Exercise 14.2 page 150
1. a) y
Perimeter = 54 cm 8
7
b) 4x 2 6 5 54
c) Length 5 15 cm Width 5 12 cm 6
5
2. a) x, x 2 8, x 2 23
b) 3x 2 31 5 134; 55, 47, 32 4
3
3. b) 20.317 and 6.32 (3 s.f.)
2
4. a) x 2 y 5 18 x 1 y 1 70 1 40 5 360
b) x 5 134 y 5 116 1
O
5. a) 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1
x
x 8 2
3
x 1
c) 5 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm
Student assessment 6 page 148
1. a) x 2 y 5 30 x 1 y 1 40 5 180
b) x 5 85 y 5 55
2. b) 5x 1 100 c) 92°
e) 92° 1 82° 1 72° 1 62° 1 52° 5 360°
3. b) 120 2 4x2
c) 4x2 2 64 5 0 x 5 4
26 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
b) y e) y
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
O O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 1
2 2
3 3
c) y
y
8 f) 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
O O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 1
2 2
3 3
d) y 2. a) y
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x O
1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1
2
2
3
3
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 27
Solutions
b) y e) y
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
O O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 1
2 2
3 3
c) y f) y
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
O O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 1
2 2
3 3
d) y Exercise 14.3 page 152
8
1. y
7
8
6
7
5
6
4
5
3
4
2
3
1
2
O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x 1
1
O
2 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1
3
2
3
28 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2.
y Exercise 14.4 page 153
8
7 1. a) x 5 2 , y , 8 x 1 y 12
6 b)
5 y
4 12
3 11
2 10
1 9
O 8
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 7
2 6
3 5
4
3. y 3
8
2
7
1
6
5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
4
3
c) Any integer point in the unshaded region,
e.g. (5, 3) meaning 5 car trips and 3 minibus
2
trips
1
2. a) p 5 q 2 p 1 q 10
O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 b)
2 q
3 12
11
4. 10
y
8 9
7 8
6 7
5 6
4 5
3 4
2 3
1 2
O 1
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 p
2
3 c) Any integer point in the unshaded region,
e.g. (5, 2) meaning 5 loaves and 2 cakes
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 29
Solutions
3. a) m 2 n 2m m 1 n 11 Student assessment 1 page 153
b) 1. a) x 5 b) y 3
n 2. a) 2 , y 4 b) 4 , p 8
12 3. a) r , 10 3 , s , 9 s 1 r , 12
11 b)
10 s
9 12
8 11
7 10
6 9
5 8
4 7
3 6
2 5
1 4
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 m 2
c) Any integer point in the unshaded region, 1
e.g. (2, 4) meaning 2 long curtains and 4
short ones 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 r
4. a) 3 L , 9 S , 6 L 1 S 10 c) Student’s own answer
b) 4. a) 12 , A 1 E , 20 A , 10 E A 1 3
b)
S
E
12
20
11
18
10
16
9
14
8
12
7
10
6
8
5
6
4
4
3
2
2
1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 A
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L c) Student’s own answers
c) Any of the points in the unshaded region, Student assessment 2 page 154
e.g. (3, 0) meaning 3 large oranges and no
small ones. 1. a) x 7 b) y 9
2. a) 1 p , 4 b) 4 , x 7
30 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
3. a) x , 4 y . 2 x 1 y 8 b)
b)
y Position 1 2 5 10 75 n
8 Term 5 11 29 59 449 6n – 1
7
c)
6
5 Position 1 3 8 50 100 n
4 Term 2 0 –5 –47 –97 –n + 3
3
d)
2
Position 1 2 3 10 100 n
1
Term 3 0 –3 –24 –294 –3n + 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
e)
c) Student’s own answers
Position 2 5 7 10 50 n
4. a) c 1 e 40 c 16 e 5 c . 2e
b)
e
Term 1 10 16 25 145 3n – 5
40 f)
36
Position 1 2 5 20 50 n
32
Term –5.5 –7 –11.5 –34 –79 –1.5n – 4
28
24
3. a) i) +4 b) i) +1
20 ii) 4n + 1 ii) n − 1
16 iii) 201 iii) 49
12 c) i) +3 d) i) +0.5
8
ii) 3n − 13 ii) 0.5n + 5.5
iii) 137 iii) 30.5
4
e) i) +4 f) i) −3
ii) 4n − 62 ii) −3n + 75
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 c
iii) 138 iii) −75
c) Student’s own answers
Exercise 15.2 page 161
15 Sequences 1. un = n2 + 1
2. un = n2 – 1
Exercise 15.1 page 157 3. un = n2 + 5
1. a) i) 3n + 2 b) i) 4n − 4 4. un = n2 + 8
ii) 32 ii) 36
c) i) n − 0.5 d) i) −3n + 9 5. un = n2 – 3
ii) 9.5 ii) −21 6. un = 2n2 + 2
e) i) 3n − 10 f) i) −4n − 5
ii) 20 ii) −45 7. un = 2n2 – 2
8. un = 3n2 + 2
2. a)
9. un = 4n2 – 4
Position 1 2 5 12 50 n
10. un = 5n2 – 4
Term 1 5 17 45 197 4n – 3
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 31
Solutions
Exercise 15.3 page 161 4. a) u5 = 27, u100 = 597
b) u5 = 32 , u100 = –46
1. un = n3 + 10
5. a)
2. un = n3 – n
Position 1 2 3 10 25 n
3. un = n3 – 5
Term 17 14 11 –10 –55 –3n + 20
4. un = n3 + n2
5. un = n3 + n2 + 5n b)
6. un = n3 + 3n2 + 5n – 2 Position 2 6 10 80 n
1
7. un = n3 + n2 – n Term –4 –2 0 35 2
n–5
8. un = n3 + 5n + 7
Student assessment 2 page 166
Exercise 15.4 page 164 1. a) $515.46 b) 3 years
1. a) Geometric b) Geometric 2. a) $253.50 b) $8.08
c) Not geometric d) Geometric
e) Not geometric f) Not geometric 3. a) – 13 b) 243 c) 10
2 a) i) 3 b) i) 5
1 4. un = n + 3n + 43 2
ii) 162, 486 ii)
1 1
, 5. un = n3 + n2 + 3n + 5
25 125
1
iii) un = 2(3)n−1 iii) un = 25( 5 )n−1
d) i) −3 16 Variation
ii) −243, 729
iii) un = (−3)n Exercise 16.1 page 170
3 a) −6, −12, −24 b) 8
1. a) 3 b) 21 c) 27 d) 3 e) 10
1
4 a) −4 b) c) −65 536
4 2. a) 0.5 b) 8 c) 24.5 d) 8 e) 16
5. $38 203.20 3 1
3. a) 24 b) 8
c) 9
d) 1
6. a) Because 0.85 ≠ 0 1
4. a) 0.25 b) 25 c) 4 d) 16
b) $3276.80
c) Because 0.8n ≠ 0 where n is the number of
year
Exercise 16.2 page 170
1. a) i) y x3 ii) y = kx3
Student assessment 1 page 165
1 k
b) i) y x3
ii) y =
x3
1. a) i) 45, 54 ii)
Terms increasing by 9
b) i) 30, 24 ii)
Terms decreasing by 6 c) i) t P ii) t = kP
c) i) 2.25, 1.125 ii)
Terms halving 1 k
d) i) s t ii) s = t
d) i) 212, 218 ii)
Terms decreasing by 6
e) i) 27, 8 ii)
Descending order of cube e) i) A r2 ii) A = kr2
1 k
numbers f) i) T ii) T =
g g
f) i) 81, 243 ii) Terms multiplied by 3
2. 10.5
2. a) 4n 2 b) 6n + 7 c) 6n 2 3 1
d) n2 3 e) 10n 2 10 f) n3 2 1 3. a) 2
b) 2
3. a) i) un = 4n – 3 4. 32
ii) 37 1
5. a) 8
b) 0.4
b) i) un = –3n + 4
ii) –26 6. 75
32 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Exercise 16.3 page 171 17 raphs in practical
G
1. a) h = kt
d) 6 s
2
b) 5 c) 45 m
situations
2. a) v = k e b) 3 c) 49 J Exercise 17.1 page 175
13
3. a) l = km b) 3 c) l = 6 cm 1.
4. a) P = kI2 b) 5 amps 100
Student assessment 1 page 172 80
Distance (km)
1. a) 1.5 b) 15 c) 3 d) 12 60
2. a) 10 b) 2.5 c) 1 d) 20 40
1 1
3. a) 3
b) 72 c) 3
d) 12
20
5 1
4. a) 5 b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
1 4
5. a) 3
b) 3
c) ±2 d) ±1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Distance (miles)
Student assessment 2 page 173
a) 50 km 5 31 miles
1. a) b) 40 miles 5 64 km, therefore
80 miles 5 128 km
x 1 2 4 8 16 32
c) 100 km/h 5 62 mph
y 32 16 8 4 2 1 d) 40 mph 5 64 km/h
b) 1.6 2.
2. a) 140
x 1 2 4 5 10
120
y 5 10 20 25 50
Temperature (˚F)
100
b)
x 1 2 4 5 10 80
y 20 10 5 4 2 60
c)
40
x 4 16 25 36 64
y 4 8 10 12 16 20
3. a) 0.8 b) 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50
4. a) 1.6 (1 d.p.) b) 2 Temperature (˚C)
a) 25 °C 5 80 °F
b) 100 °F 5 35 °C
c) 0 °C 5 30 °F
d) 100 °F 5 35 °C, therefore 200 °F 5 70 °C
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 33
Solutions
3. Approx. Exercise 17.2 page 176
120 True
1. a) 6 m/s b) 4 m/s c) 39 km/h
d) 20 km/h e) 160 km/h f) 50 km/h
100
Temperature (˚F)
2. a) 400 m b) 182 m c) 210 km
80 d) 255 km e) 10 km f) 79.2 km
60 3. a) 5s b) 50 s c) 4 min
d) 1 min 11.4 s
40 e) 5s
f) 4 min
20
Exercise 17.3 page 176
0 10 20 30 40 50 1.
60
Temperature (˚C)
50
i) a) 25 °C 5 77 °F b) 100 °F 5 38 °C
40
Distance (m)
c) 0 °C 5 32 °F
d) 100 °F 5 38 °C, therefore 200 °F 5 76 °C
30
ii) The rough conversion is most useful at lower
20
temperatures (i.e. between 0 and 20 °C).
10
4. a) 10 Peak
8 0 2 4 6 8 10
Off Peak Time (s)
6
Cost ($)
2.
4 50
2 40
Distance (m)
0 2 4 6 8 30
Time (min)
20
b) 8 min 5 $6.80 c) 8 min 5 $9.60 10
d) Extra time 5 1 min 20 s
5. 0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (s)
120
100 a) 5 s b) 17.5 m
3. a) Speed A = 40 m/s Speed B 5 13 Qe m/s
Marks out of 120
80
b) Distance apart 5 453 Qe m
60 4. a) We m/s b) 6 m/s, We m/s c) 1 m/s
d) Qw m e) 7 Qe m
40
20 Exercise 17.4 page 178
1. a) 45 km/h b) 20 km/h
0 20 40 60 80 100 c) Paul has arrived at the restaurant and is
Percentage waiting for Helena.
a) 80 5 67% b) 110 5 92%
c) 54 5 45% d) 72 5 60%
34 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2. Exercise 17.5 page 180
150 1. Acceleration is 0.375 m/s2
Distance (km)
100 2. Acceleration is 0.2 m/s2
3. Acceleration is 7 m/s2
50
4. Acceleration is 1.75 m/s2
0 1 2 3 5. Deceleration is 0.25 m/s2
Time (h)
6. Deceleration is 1 m/s2
3. 7.
30 50
Distance (km)
40
Speed (m/s)
20 30
20
10
10
0 1 2 3 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (h) Time (s)
4. a)
8.
Distance from Fyodor’s
4 35
30
house (km)
3 Yin
Speed (m/s)
25
2 20
15
1 Fyodor
10
5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (min) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (s)
b) After 20 min c) Distance 5 2 Qe km
5. a)
Exercise 17.6 page 180
Distance from P (km)
150
1. a) 1.5 m/s 2
b) 0 m/s2 c) 0.5 m/s2
100 2. a) Cheetah b) 7.5 m/s2 c) 5 m/s2
d) 15 m/s2
50
3. a) 0.5 m/s2
0 b) 0.25 m/s2
18 00 18 20 18 40 19 00 19 20 19 40 20 00 c) 0.104 m/s2 (3 s.f.)
Time d) Travelling at a constant speed of 30 m/s
e) Stationary
b) Time ≈ 18 57
c) Distance from Q ≈ 79 km
d) The 18 10 train from station Q arrives first.
6. a) a : 133 Qe km/h b: 0 km/h c: 200 km/h
b) d: 100 km/h e: 200 km/h
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 35
Solutions
Exercise 17.7 page 182 Student assessment 1 page 184
1. a) 1. a)
10
2000
8
Speed (m/s)
6 1500
Rupees
4 1000
2
500
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Yuan
b) 0.5 m/s2 c) 75 m b) 50 yuan 5 1250 rupees
2. a) c) 1600 rupees 5 64 yuan
Time (s) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 2. a)
Speed (m/s) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
80
b)
60
Rand
40
6
Speed (m/s)
5 20
4
3 0 2 4 6 8 10
2 km
1 i) 5 km: 50 rand ii) 8.5 km: 71 rand
b) 80 rand: 10 km
0 0.5 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Time (s) 3. a)
c) 9 m
3. a) 1.5 m/s2 b) 2400 m c) 40 s 40 B
A
4. a) 390 m b) 240 m 30
Cost ($)
5. 21.45 km
20
6. 720 m
10
7. a) 0.37 m/s2 b) 2.16 m/s2 c) 208 m
d) 204 m e) 4 m
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Units
b) If the customer uses under 200 units/
quarter then he or she should use account
type B.
36 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
4. a) 2. a)
200 500
Distance (km)
150 400
Cost (DM)
100 300
50 200
100
0 1 2 3
Time (h)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
b) 180 km
Time (h)
5. a)
b) $295 c) ≈ $408 d) 3 Qw h
Distance from M (km)
200
3. a)
150
4
100
Distance (km)
3
50
2
0 1 2 3 1
Time (h)
0 5 10 15 20 25
b) Distance from M ≈ 77 km Time (min)
c) Time ≈ 1 h 13 min after start
b) 25 min
Student assessment 2 page 185 4. a) B, C
1. b) B because it illustrates going back in time,
K
C because it illustrates infinite speed
250
Student assessment 3 page 186
200
1. a) 2 m/s 2
b) 225 m c) 10.6 s (3 s.f.)
150 2. a) 4 m/s 2
b) 3 m/s 2
c) 102 m d) 9.83 s
100
50
250 200 150 100 50 0 50
˚C
a) 240 °C 5 233 K
b) 100 K 5 2173 °C
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 37
Solutions
3. a)
18 raphs of
G
120
100
functions
Speed (km/h)
80 Exercise 18.1 page 190
60
40
1.
x 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
20
y 10 4 0 22 22 0 4 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Time (s) y
b) 189 m (3 s.f.) 14
12
4. a) 1 m/s2
10
b) 750 m
c) 1237.5 m 8
6
Student assessment 4 page 187 4
2
1. a) 2.5 m/s2
b) 180 m 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
c) 3.5 s (1 d.p.) 2
4
2. a) 0.278 m/s2 (3 s.f.)
b) 93.8 m (3 s.f.) 6
c) 97.2 m (3 s.f.) 2.
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 4 5
3. a)
160 y 212 25 0 3 4 3 0 25 212
140
120 y
6
Speed (km/h)
100
4
80
2
60
40 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
2
20 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6
Time (s) 8
10
b) 162.5 m
12
4. a) 3.33 m/s2 (3 s.f.) 14
b) 240 m
c) 212.5 m 3.
x 21 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
38 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
y 6.
x 22 21 0 1 2 3
10
9 y 9 1 23 23 1 9
8 y
7 10
6 8
5
6
4
4
3
2
2
1 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
2
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x 4
6
4.
x 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 7.
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
y 29 24 21 0 21 24 29
y 215 24 3 6 5 0 29
y y
2 9
6
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
2 3
4
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
6 3
8 6
10 9
12 12
14 15
5. 18
8.
x 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x 22 21 0 1 2 3
y 9 0 27 212 215 216 215 212 27 0 9 y 12 0 26 26 0 12
y
y 14
12 12
9 10
6 8
3 6
4
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
3 2
6
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
9 2
12 4
15 6
18 8
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 39
Solutions
9. x 21 0 1 2 3 Exercise 18.3 page 192
y 7 24 27 22 11 1. 21.6 and 2.6
2. No solution
y
12
3. 2 and 4
10
4. 23.5 and 2.5
8 5. 0.3 and 3.7
6 6. 0 and 3.5
4 7. 20.2 and 2.2
2 8. 2 Qe and 2
2 1 1 2 3 4 x Exercise 18.4 page 193
2
1. y
4
6
2
8
10. 1
x 22 21 0 1 2 3
y 225 29 21 21 29 225
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
y
1
2 1 0 1 2 3 x
–2
–4 2
–6
–8 2. y
–10
–12 4
–14 3
–16 2
–18 1
–20 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
–22 1
–24 2
–26 3
4
Exercise 18.2 page 191
1. 22 and 3
2. 21 and 1
3. 3
4. 24 and 3
5. 2
6. 0.5 and 3
7. 1
8. 2 Qe and 2
40 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
3. y 2. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
2 f(x) 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
ii) y
1
6
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x 5
4
1
3
2
2
1
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
1
2
Exercise 18.5 page 194 3
1. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 27 24 21 2 5 8 11 3. i)
x 24 23 22 21 0 1 2
y
f(x) 5 3 1 21 23 25 27
ii)
12
10 ii) y
6
8
5
6
4
4
3
2
2
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x 1
2
O
4 4 3 2 1 1 2 x
1
6
2
8
3
4
5
6
7
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 41
Solutions
4. i) 6. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 x 22 21 0 1 2
f(x) 17 7 1 21 1 7 17 f(x) 17 6 1 2 9
ii) y ii) y
18
16 18
14 16
12 14
10 12
8 10
6 8
4 6
2 4
O 2
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2 O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
5. i)
7. i) x 22 21 0 1 2
x
25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 216 22 0 2 16
f(x) 5.5 2 20.5 22 22.5 22 20.5 2 5.5
ii) y
ii) y
6
20
5
16
4
12
3
8
2
4
1
O
O 2 1 1 2 x
5 4 3 2 1 2 3 x 4
1
8
2
12
3
16
42 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
8. i) 10. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 24.5 3 4.5 3 1.5 3 10.5 f(x) 0.22 0.5 2 – 2 0.5 0.22
ii) y
ii) y
12
2
10
8
6
4
1
2
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2
4
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
9. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 21 21.5 23 – 3 1.5 1
11. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
ii) y
f(x) 28.88 25.75 22 – 4 6.25 9.11
5
4 ii) y
3
2 10
1 8
O 6
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
1 4
2 2
3 O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
4 2
4
6
8
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 43
Solutions
Exercise 18.6 page 195 3. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
1. i) f(x) 3.125 3.25 3.5 4 5 7 11
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 0.04 0.11 0.33 1 3 9 27 ii) y
ii) y 12
10
27
8
24
6
21
4
18
2
15
12 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
2
9
6
3
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
2. i) f(x) 22.875 21.75 20.5 1 3 6 11
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii)
y
12
ii) y
10
2 8
6
4
2
1 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
2
4
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
44 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
5. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 Exercise 18.7 page 197
f(x) 3.125 2.25 1.5 1 1 2 5 1. i) y ii) 2
16
ii) y 14
12
5 10
8
4 6
4
3 2
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
2 2
1
2. i) y ii) 22
8
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
7
6
6. i) 5
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 28.96 23.89 20.67 4
1 2 5 18
3
ii) y 2
21 1
18 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
15 1
12
9
6 y
3. i) ii) 3
3 30
24
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
3 18
6 12
9 6
12 O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
6
12
18
24
30
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 45
Solutions
4. i) y ii) 24 Exercise 18.8 page 198
20
10 1. a) b) x 5 ± 2.8
O y
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
10 9
20 8
30 7
40 6
50 5
60 4
70 3
80 2
90 1
100 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
110 1
120
2. a) b) x 5 1.7
y
5. i) y ii) 24
5
40
4
32
3
24
2
16
1
8
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x O
1 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
8
2
16
3
24
4
32
5
3. a) b) x 5 1.5
6. i) y ii) 0.7 y
20
8 16
7 12
6 8
5
4
4
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
3
4
2
8
1
12
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x 16
20
46 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
4. a) b) x 5 20.4, 0.5, 2.4 9. a) 101
y b) 1120
c) P
6 4500
5 4000
4 3500
3 3000
2 2500
1 2000
O 1500
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
1 1000
2 500
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t
4
d) Approx. 4.5 hours
5
6 10. a)
t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
P 1000 500 250 125 63 31 16 8 4 2 1
5. a) b) x 5 20.7, 3
b)
P
y
1100
27 1000
24 900
21 800
18 700
15 600
12 500
9 400
6 300
3 200
O 100
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t
6. a) 7 cm b) 0 cm c) 5 hours
e) Approx. 5 Qw hours c) Approx. 90 insects
7. a) Approx. 2.5 b) 2 Qw
8. a) Approx. 4.3 b) Approx. 3.3
c) Approx. 2.3
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 47
Solutions
Student assessment 1 page 200 b) y
10
1. a) b)
8
6
4
2
O
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2
4
6
2. a) 8
10
x 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2
y 8 3 0 21 0 3 8 15 24 35
4. a)
y
b) y 8
36 7
32 6
28 5
24 4
20 3
16 2
12 1
8 O
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 x
4 1
O
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 x 2
4
b) x 5 27 and 22
3. a) y 5. a) y
2
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x 1
2
4
6
8 O
10 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
12
14
16
1
18
b) x 5 0.4 and 2.6
48 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
y
Student assessment 2 page 201 b)
1
1. O
5 4 3 2 1 1 x
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2. a) 9
x 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2
4. a) y
y 212 26 22 0 0 22 26 212 220 230
b) y 15
4 12
O 9
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 x
4 6
8 3
12 O
6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
16 3
20 6
24 9
28 12
32 15
36
3. a) y b) i) x 5 23.7 and 2.7 ii) x 5 21.8 and 2.8
10
5. a) y
8
6
2
4
2
1
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
2
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
4
6
1
8
10
2
12
14
b) x 5 22 and 1
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 49
Solutions
Student assessment 3 page 201 3. a) b) i) 5.5 ii) 22.5
y
1. a) i) Linear ii) Quadratic 12
b) Student’s own answer
10
2. a) i) 8
x 25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2
6
f(x) 10 4 0 22 22 0 4 10
4
ii) y 2
12 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
10 2
8 4
6 6
4 8
2 10
O
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 x 12
2
4 4. a) y
b) i) 21
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
18
f(x) 29.3 26.5 24 – 4 6.5 9.3 15
12
ii) y
10 9
8 6
6 3
4 O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
2 3
O 6
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2 9
4
6
8 b) x 5 20.8 and 3.3 c) x 5 21.6 and 3.1
10
Student assessment 4 page 202
1. a) i) Reciprocal ii) Exponential
b) Student’s own answer
2. a) i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 22.9 21.8 20.5 1 3 6 11
50 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
ii) y b) i) 0 ii) 4
4. a)
12
10 x 23 22 21 20.5 20.25 0 0.25 0.5 1 2 3
8 y 24.9 24.8 24 21 11 – 11 21 24 24.8 24.9
6
4 b) y
2
O 12
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2 10
4 8
6
4
2
b) i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
f(x) 29.0 23.9 20.7 1 2 5 18 2
ii) y
4
6
18
15 c) x 5 ± 0.4 d) x 5 ± 0.4 and ± 2.6
12
9
6
19 Functions
3 Exercise 19.1 page 204
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x 1. a) 6 b) 10 c) 3 d) 5
3 e) 2 f) 22 g) 210 h) 1
6
2. a) 10 b) 22 c) 8 d) 24
9 e) 25 f) 218 g) 223 h) 26
3. a) 3. a) 2 b) 228 c) 220.5 d) 214
y
e) 1.5 f) 12 g) 34.5 h) 13.5
30 4. a) 219 b) 226.5 c) 27 d) 28.2
25 e) 20 f) 8 g) 21 h) 3.5
20
15 Exercise 19.2 page 204
10 1. a) 2 b) 6.5 c) 2.375 d) 0.5
5 e) 0.125 f) 24 g) 22.5 h) 20.7
O 2. a) 4 b) 9 c) 21 d) 26
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
5 e) 23.5 f) 216 g) 2 Re h) 2 Uy
10 3. a) 0.5 b) 2 c) 24 d) 20.25
15 e) 5 f) 2.75 g) 35 h) 4.25
20 4. a) 4 b) 1.5 c) 2.75 d) 0.25
e) 23.5 f) 0.5 g) 0.375 h) 0.875
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 51
Solutions
Exercise 19.3 page 204 Exercise 19.6 page 206
1. a) 19 b) 52 c) 4 d) 3 1. a) 6 b) 4 c) 21
e) 4 f) 3.25 g) 12 h) 5 2. a) 2 b) 20.5 c) 26
2. a) 70 b) 187 c) 22 d) 25 3. a) 3 b) 1.5 c) 2
e) 7 f) 4 g) 24.25 h) 24 We
4. a) 4 b) 22 c) 211
3. a) 214 b) 3.5 c) 4 d) 20.5
5. a) 4.5 b) 6 c) 0
e) 228 f) 2 g) 26 h) 268
6. a) 8 b) 22 c) 0.5
4. a) 25 b) 32.5 c) 0
d) 26.875 e) 27.5 f) 15
g) 26.25 h) 8.125
Exercise 19.7 page 207
1. a) x 1 2 b) x 1 3 c) 2x d) x
5. a) 0 b) 24 c) 0
d) 10.5 e) 213.5 f) 2SyG 2. a) 2x 1 8 b) 6x 1 1 c) 8x 1 2
g) 297.5 h) 21.9 (3 s.f.) d) 2x 1 2
6. a) 9 b) 0 c) 25 2x 2 1 3x 2 5 x17
3. a) b) c)
d) Infinite e) 0 f) 11.2 2 2 3
g) 2AyA h) 9 8x 2 13
d)
20
Exercise 19.4 page 205 4. a) 1 b) 8 c) 39 d) 22
1. a) 2x 1 3 b) 4x 2 5 c) 2x2 1 1 5. a) 50 b) 22.9 c) 10 d) 21.6
x
d) x 1 1 e) }} 1 3
2
f) x 1 1 Student assessment 1 page 208
3x2 1. a) 9 b) 21 c) 216
2. a) 12x2 2 4 b) }} 2 4 c) 6x 2 4
16 2. a) 5 b) 21 c) 25.5
d) 27x 2
e) 3x 2 6x 2 1
2
3. a) 26 b) 0 c) 15
f ) 12x2 1 24x 1 8 2x 1 18
4. a) 2x 1 4 b)
3. a) 4x2 1 3x 1 2 b) 16x2 1 6x 3
c) 4x2 1 19x d) 4x2 2 5x 5. a) 5 b) 2
2x 1 3x 2 4
2 6. 24x 1 14
e) f) 36x2 1 57x 1 20
2
Student assessment 2 page 208
Exercise 19.5 page 206 1. a) 13 b) 22 c) 1
1. a) x 2 3 b) x 2 6 c) x 1 5 2. a) 22 b) 1 c) 21
x 3. a) 22 b) 0 c) 18
d) x e) }} f) 3x
2 x29
x 4. a) b) 4x 1 2
x25 x16 23
2. a) }} b) c)
4 2 3 5. a) 1 b) 2
4x 1 2 5x 2 7
d) 2x 2 4 e) f) 6. 32x 2 6
3 8
x 1 24
3. a) 2(x 2 3) b) 4(x 1 2) c)
12
x 2 18 x14 3x 1 10
d) e) f)
6 6 8
52 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Topic 2 Mathematical Modelling: Stretching
investigations and ICT a spring page 210
House of cards page 209 1.
40
1. 155
2. 8475 30
Extension (cm)
3. The formula can be proved using the method
of differences (see Chapter 15) as follows: 20
Height of house 1 2 3 4 5
10
Number of cards 2 7 15 26 40
1st difference 5 8 11 14
0
2nd difference 3 3 3 100 200 300 400 500
Mass (g)
Comparing with the algebraic table below: 2. Linear
Position 1 2 3 4 5 3.
40
16a + 4b + c
25a + 5b + c
4a + 2b + c
9a + 3b + c
a+b+c
Term 30
Extension (cm)
1st difference 20
3a + b
5a + b
7a + b
9a + b
10
2nd difference 2a 2a 2a
It can be deduced that:
0
3 100 200 300 400 500
2a = 3 therefore a = 2 Mass (g)
1
3a + b = 5 therefore b = 2 4. y ≈ 0.06x
a+b+c=2 therefore c = 0.
5. 16.5 cm
This produces the rule c = 23 n2 + 12 n which factorises
6. The spring is likely to snap (or exceed its
to c = 12 n(3n + 1).
elastic limit).
Chequered boards page 209
1. Student’s own diagrams and results, presented
in a logical table.
2. Where either m or n is even, the number of
mn
black and white squares is given by .
2
Where both m and n are odd, the number of
black and white squares differ by one. The
mn – 1
number of black squares is and the
2
mn + 1
number of white squares is , assuming
2
that the bottom right-hand corner is white.
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 53
Solutions
ICT activity 1 page 211 20 Geometrical
y
1.
vocabulary
4
Exercise 20.1 page 216
3
1. a) and f) – hypotenuse right-angle
b) and c) – ASA
2 d) and e) – SAS
g) and h) – SSS
1
Exercise 20.2 page 218
O
2 4 x 1.
Parallelogram
Equilateral
Rectangle
Rhombus
2. y
triangle
Square
Kite
4
2 Opposite sides Yes Yes Yes No Yes n/a
equal in length
All sides equal in No Yes No No Yes Yes
O length
2 2 4 x
All angles right Yes Yes No No No No
3. y angles
4 Both pairs of Yes Yes Yes No Yes n/a
opposite sides
3
parallel
2 Diagonals equal in Yes Yes No No No n/a
1 length
Diagonals intersect No Yes No Yes Yes n/a
O
4 2 2 4 x at right angles
All angles equal Yes Yes No No No Yes
ICT activity 2 page 211
1. x ≈ 2.7
Exercise 20.3 page 219
2. x ≈ 2.6 Student’s own diagrams
3. x ≈ 2.1
4. x ≈ 0.6
54 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Student assessment 1 page 220 3. a) Student’s own construction
b)
1. a) Acute b) Obtuse c) Reflex
d) Right angle
2. Student’s own diagram
3. a) Obtuse scalene triangle
b) Right-angled scalene A 36 m B
4. Student’s own diagram
5. All sides equal in length
Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel
20 m
Diagonals intersect at right angles
6. Student’s own diagram
21 Geometrical D C
constructions and
scale drawings
Exercise 21.1 page 222
c) Approx. 23 m
1. Student’s own construction 4. a) Student’s own construction
2. Student’s own construction b) Approx. 24 m2
3. Student’s own construction 5. a) Student’s own construction
b) Approx. 12 km
4. a) Student’s own construction attempt
b) It is not possible as AC 1 BC < AB 6. a) Student’s own construction
Exercise 21.2 page 223 b)
50 m
Y
X
1. Student’s own construction
2. Student’s own construction m
40
m
20
Exercise 21.3 page 226
1. Student’s own construction W 30 m
Z
2. Student’s own construction
Exercise 21.4 page 228 c) Approx. 16 m
1. a) 300 m b) 250 m c) 300 m Student assessment 1 page 229
d) 416 m
1. Student’s own construction
2. a) 10 cm b) 8 cm c) 6 cm d) 6.8 cm
2. Student’s own construction
3. a) Student’s own construction
b) Approx. 53 m2
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 55
Solutions
Student assessment 2 page 230 Exercise 22.3 page 235
1. Student’s own construction 1. a) i) 8 m ii) 4.8 m b) 22w m
c) 252 w cm2
2. a) 22 cm b) 24.4 cm
2. a) 220 cm2 b) 1375 cm2 c) 200 cm3
3. a) Student’s own construction
d) 3125 cm3
b) Approx. 23 cm2
3. a) 54 cm2 b) 3 c) 729 cm3
22 Similarity 4. a) 1 : n2 b) 1 : n3
5. 112 cm3
Exercise 22.1 page 231 6. 0.64 litres
1. a) Interior angles are the same, i.e. 60°, 30°
and 90°. Exercise 22.4 page 236
b) Ti 1. 20 cm
c) x 5 6.25 cm y 5 3.75 cm
2. a) 1 : 8 b) 1 : 7
2. A, C and F are similar. B and D are similar.
3. 16 cm 3
3. a) 6 cm b) 9 cm
4. a) Not similar. Student’s own reasons
4. p 5 4.8 cm q 5 4.5 cm r 5 7.5 cm b) 1 : 3
5. e 5 10 cm f 5 2 We cm 5. a) 16 cm2 b) 64 cm2 c) 144 cm2
6. a) 10 cm2 b) 1.6 c) 25.6 cm2 6. a) 30 km2 b) 6 cm2
7. a) 10 cm b) 2.5 c) 150 cm2 7. a) 10 cm 3 20 cm 3 30 cm b) 100 g
8. a) 33 Qe cm 2
b) 6 We cm
Student assessment 1 page 237
9. 9.6 cm
1. A and C
10. No, as the corresponding angles may not be
H 2
the same. 2. 1 2
1 : }}
h
11. No, as, despite the corresponding angles being
the same, the slanting side lengths may not be 3. a) Yes. Student’s own explanation
in the same ratio as the horizontal sides. b) 5 cm c) 8 cm d) 6 cm
4. 15 m
Exercise 22.2 page 234
5. a)
1. 50 cm2
2. 10 cm2 3.6 cm
6 cm
3. a) i) 456 cm2 (3 s.f.) ii) 90 cm2 iii) 40 cm2
b) Triangle I 10.8 cm
4. 43.56 cm2 b) 233.28 cm3 c) 250.56 cm2
5. 56.25 cm2 6. a) 12.8 cm3 b) 880 cm2 c) 35.2 cm2
6. 18.1 cm2 (3 s.f.) 7. 1250 cm2
8. 27 000 cm3
56 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Student assessment 2 page 239 Student assessment 1 page 243
1. a) 5 b) x 5 4.5 y 5 7.5 1. a)b)c) Student’s own diagrams
H 2
H 3
2. a) 1 : }}
h 1 2 1 2
b) 1 : }}
h
2.
3.
a)b) Student’s own diagrams
Proof
34w1w 4. 50°
3. x 5 4w1w cm y 5 } cm z 5 6.4 cm
5 5. 11.8 mm (3 s.f.)
4. 156 cm2 (3 s.f.)
5. a) 1000 cm3 b) 600 cm2
Student assessment 2 page 244
1. a)b)c) Student’s own diagrams
6. 18.75 cm3
2. a)b)c) Student’s own diagrams
7. a) 4 m by 3 m b) 12 m2
3. Proof
8. 3200 cm3
4. a) 24° b) 9.14 cm (3 s.f.)
23 Symmetry 5. 88.0 cm (3 s.f.)
Exercise 23.1 page 241 24 Angle properties
1. a) i) Student’s planes ii) 3 Exercise 24.1 page 247
b) i) Student’s planes ii) 2
c) i) Student’s planes ii) 4 1. p 5 54° q 5 63°
d) i) Student’s planes ii) 4 2. a 5 55° b 5 80° c 5 100°
e) i) Student’s planes ii) Infinite
f) i) Student’s planes ii) Infinite 3. v 5 120° w 5 60° x 5 120° y 5 60°
g) i) Student’s planes ii) Infinite z 5 60°
h) i) Student’s planes ii) 9 4. a 5 50° b 5 130° c 5 45° d 5 135°
2. a) 2 b) 2 c) 3 5. p 5 45° q 5 135° r 5 45° s 5 45°
d) 4 e) Infinite f) Infinite t 5 135°
g) Infinite h) 4
6. d 5 70° e 5 30°
Exercise 23.2 page 242 7. a 5 37°
1. a) Isosceles b) Perpendicular bisector 8. a 5 36°
c) 50° d) 50°
e) 3.58 cm (3 s.f.) f) 9.33 cm (3 s.f.) Exercise 24.2 page 248
2. a) True b) True c) False d) True 1. a) 70° b) 55° c) 60° d) 73°
3. a) False b) True e) 45° f) 110°
2.
a) a 5 30° b 5 45°
Exercise 23.3 page 243 b) x 5 50° y 5 80° z 5 70°
1. a) 70° b) 72° c) 21° c) p 5 130° q 5 15° r 5 60°
d) d 5 35° e 5 55° f 5 55°
2. a) 10.9 cm (3 s.f.) e) a 5 27.5° b 5 27.5° c 5 55°
b) 9.33 cm (3 s.f.) d 5 27.5° e 5 97.5°
c) 3.48 cm (3 s.f.) f) p 5 45° q 5 45° r 5 67.5°
s 5 112.5°
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 57
Solutions
Exercise 24.3 page 250 Exercise 24.8 page 257
1. a 5 115° 1. 55°
2. x 5 40° y 5 140° z 5 140° 2. 80°
3. m 5 75° n 5 75° 3. 90°
4. s 5 65° t 5 115° u 5 115° 4. 100°
5. 80°
5. h 5 120° i 5 60° j 5 120° k 5 60°
6. 20°
6. a 5 80° b 5 20° c 5 20° d 5 20°
e 5 140° 7. x 5 54°, y 5 18°
8. x 5 50°, y 5 25°
7. p 5 40° q 5 130° r 5 50°
8. p 5 75° q 5 30° r 5 50° s 5 80° Exercise 24.9 page 258
t 5 70° u 5 70° v 5 40°
1. a 5 72°
Exercise 24.4 page 253 2. b 5 33°, c 5 66°
1. a) 720° b) 1260° c) 900° 3. d 5 48°, e 5 32°
2. a) 135° b) 90° c) 144° d) 150° 4. f 5 30°, g 5 120°, h 5 120°, i 5 30°, j 5 30°
3. a) 72° b) 30° c) 51.4° (1 d.p.) 5. k 5 55°, l 5 55°, m 5 55°, n 5 55°
6. p 5 65°, q 5 40°
4. a) 18 b) 10 c) 36 d) 8
e) 20 f ) 120
Exercise 24.10 page 259
5. a) 5 b) 12 c) 20 d) 15
e) 40 f ) 360 1. a 5 80°, b 5 65°
2. c 5 110°, d 5 98°, e 5 70°
6. 12
3. f 5 115°, g 5 75°
Exercise 24.5 page 254 4. i 5 98°, j 5 90°, k 5 90°
1. 60° 2. 135° 5. l 5 95°, m 5 55°, n 5 85°, p 5 95°, q 5 55°
3. 20° 4. 32° 6. r 5 70°, s 5 120°, t 5 60°, u 5 110°
5. 110° 6. 22.5° Student assessment 1 page 259
Exercise 24.6 page 255 1. a) p 5 135° q 5 135° r 5 45°
b) a 5 120° b 5 60° c 5 60° d 5 60°
1. 35° 2. 60°
2. a) m 5 50° n 5 90° p 5 40° q 5 140°
3. 40° 4. 45° b) w 5 55° x 5 70° y 5 55° z 5 55°
5. 24° 6. 26° c) a 5 70° b 5 110° c 5 110° d 5 70°
e 5 30°
7. 13 cm 8. 8 cm
3. 162°
9. 17.7 cm (1 d.p.)
4. 1260°
Exercise 24.7 page 256 5. 360°
1. a) x 5 54° b) 54°, 108°, 162°, 54°, 162° 6. 72°
2. 125°, 145° 7. a) 90°
b) 6.5 cm
3. 64°
8. 58°
4. a 5 135°, b 5 125°, c 5 130°, d 5 110°, e 5 85°
58 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
9. 30° c) iii) /TPS 5 /TQS 5 /TRS
10. 25° /PTR 5 /PSR /PTQ 5 /PSQ
/QTR 5 /QSR
11. 152° d) ii) /OAX, /OCY
iii) /DCB 5 /BAD /CDA 5 /CBA
Student assessment 2 page 261
2. 36°
1. a) p 5 130° q 5 130° r 5 50°
b) a 5 50° b 5 50° c 5 50° d 5 50° 3. /ABC 5 50° /OAB 5 25° /CAO 5 40°
2. a) m 5 50° n 5 70° p 5 70° q 5 50° 4. /BCD 5 40° 5 /BAD
b) w 5 85° x 5 50° y 5 50° z 5 45° /ABC 5 65° 5 /ADC
c) a 5 130° b 5 25° c 5 25° d 5 50° 5. 28° and 56° respectively
d) a 5 40° b 5 100° c 5 40° d 5 70°
e 5 70° 6. 67.5°
3. 165°
4. 1800°
25 Loci
5. 30°
Exercise 25.1 page 266
6. a) 90°
b) 13 cm 1. 8m
7. 28° 1m
8. 125°
9. 45° 6m
1m
1m
10. 42°
11. 38°
1m
Student assessment 3 page 262
2. 8m
1. a) ii) /OBA /OBC
b) i) /DAB 1 /DCB /ADC 1 /CBA 2m
c) iii) /DAC 5 /DBC /ADB 5 /ACB
d) ii) /CAB iii) /ACB 5 /ABC 6m
2. a) 42° b) 21°
3. /DAB 5 117° /ABC 5 92°
4. /BDC 5 25° /DAB 5 115°
5. /OQR 5 15° /ORQ 5 /OPQ 5 90° 3. 8m
/RPQ 5 /PRQ 5 75°
/OPR 5 /ORP 5 15° /ROP 5 150°
6. 35°, 54°, 91° respectively
3m 6m
7. 95°, 85°, 85°, 92° respectively
Student assessment 4 page 264
1. a) i) /DAB 1 /DCB /CDA 1 /CBA
b) i) /AOC 1 /CBA /OCB 1 /OAB
ii) /OAB, /OCB
iii)/ABO 5 /CBO /AOB 5 /COB
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 59
Solutions
4. 8m 8. C is on the
circumference of
a circle with AB
as its diameter.
6m
A B
3m
5. a) b) c) d)
9. Student’s own construction
10.
a P c Q b
L1 L2
G
6. L3
Y Exercise 25.2 page 267
SHIP IN 1. a) b)
THIS AREA Ayshe P Ayshe P
Sea
Ayshe P Ayshe P
X
Land Q Q
Q Q
Belinda Belinda
7. a) Student’s own diagrams. L, M and N will Belinda Belinda
all lie on the circumference of a circle,
the centre of the circle being the point c) d)
equidistant from L, M and N.
b) There would be no point equidistant from
Ayshe P Ayshe P
all three (except in the infinite!).
Ayshe P Ayshe P
Q Q
Q Q
Belinda Belinda
Belinda Belinda
60 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2. 4.
Compound 45°
Building S 5.
X Y
3.
R Student assessment 1 page 269
1. P
Building
Exercise 25.3 page 268
S
1.
2. a) b)
O O
1m
2.
1m 1m
O
2m
1m
3.
O
3. 8m
5m
2m
4. Ship’s path is perpendicular bisector of AB.
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 61
Solutions
5. 2. 20 m
Scale 1 cm = 2 m
7m 12 m
5m
3.
6. P R Q P
4.
O
R Q P R Q
Student assessment 2 page 270
5.
1. J A B A D A B
D C B A D C
K
Topic 3 Mathematical
investigations and ICT
Fountain borders page 271
L 1. Student’s results
None of the friends can see each other, as 2. T = 2(m + n + 2)
shown above.
3. There are many ways to prove the algebraic
rule, for example:
62 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
The original pool considered: ICT activity 1 page 272
2. The ratios are the same.
3. a) The ratios remain the same.
b) Ratios are still equal to each other (but
probably of a different value from Q.1
(d)).
4. The ratios change as ED no longer parallel to
AB.
ICT activity 2 page 273
has the same number of tiles as a rectangular
Student’s own demonstrations
pool of dimensions 11 × 6 units:
26 Measures
Exercise 26.1 page 276
1. a) 100 b) 1000 c) Qq p p p d) Qq p p p
e) Millilitre
2. a) m, cm b) cm c) g d) ml
e) cm, m f) tonne g) litres h) km
i) tonne j) litres
In the diagram below it can be seen that the Exercise 26.2 page 277
number of tiles along the length and width of
1. a) mm b) m c) mm d) m e) m
the pool is twice the length and width. This
leaves the four tiles needed for the corners. 2. a) 85 b) 230 c) 830 d) 50 e) 4
3. a) 5.6 b) 6400 c) 0.96 d) 4
e) 0.012
4. a) 1.15 b) 250 c ) 0.5 d) 0.07
e) 0.008
6 units
Exercise 26.3 page 278
1. a) 3800 b) 28.5 c) 4280 d) 0.32
e) 500
11 units Exercise 26.4 page 278
Hence T = 2m + 2n + 4 which factorises
to T = 2(m + n + 2). 1. a) 4500 ml b) 1530 ml c) 7050 ml
d) 1000 ml
2. a) 1.2 litres b) 1.34 litres c) 1.4 litres
Tiled walls page 272
d) 1.4 litres
1. Student’s diagrams
2. Student’s ordered table of results
Exercise 26.5 page 279
3. c = (l – 1)(w – 1) 1. a) 100 000 cm2 b) 2 000 000 mm2
c) 5 000 000 m2 d) 3 200 000 m2
4. t = 2(l – 1) + 2(w – 1)
e) 830 mm2
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 63
Solutions
2. a) 0.05 m2 b) 150 cm2 Exercise 27.3 page 285
c) 0.001 km2 d) 0.04 m2
e) 0.000 25 km2 1. 4
3. a) 2 500 000 cm 3
b) 3400 mm 3 2. 3
c) 2 000 000 000 m3 d) 200 000 cm3 3. 23.5 m2
e) 30 000 000 mm3
4. a) 16 m2, 24 m2 b) 100 m2 c) 15
4. a) 0.15 m 3
b) 24 cm 3
c) 0.000 85 km3 d) 0.3 cm3 Exercise 27.4 page 287
e) 0.000 015 m3
1. a) 25.1 cm b) 22.0 cm c) 28.9 cm
d) 1.57 m
Student assessment 1 page 280
2. a) 50.3 cm2 b) 38.5 cm2 c) 66.5 cm2
1. a) 26 b) 88 c) 6.8 d) 875 d) 0.196 m2
2. a) 4200 b) 3.94 c) 4100 d) 720 3. a) 2.39 cm (3 s.f.) b) 0.5 cm
3. a) 1.8 b) 3200 c) 83 d) 250 c) 0.637 m (3 s.f.) d) 1.27 mm (3 s.f.)
4. a) 5600 mm2 4. a) 4.51 cm (3 s.f.) b) 6 cm
b) 2 050 000 cm3 c) 3.23 m (3 s.f.) d) 4.31 mm (3 s.f.)
5. a) 0.008 67 m3 Exercise 27.5 page 287
b) 0.444 km3
1. a) 1.57 m (2 d.p.) b) 637 times (3 s.f.)
Student assessment 2 page 280 2. 188 m (3 s.f.)
1. a) 310 b) 6400 c) 4 d) 46 3. 264 mm2 (3 s.f.)
2. a) 0.0036 b) 0.55 c) 6.5 d) 1.51 4. a) 144 cm2 b) 28.3 cm2 (3 s.f.)
c) 30.9 cm2 (3 s.f.)
3. a) 3.4 b) 6700 c) 730 d) 300
5. a) 57.1 m (3 s.f.) b) 178.3 m2 (3 s.f.)
4. a) 30 000 mm 2
b) 5000 m 2
5. a) 0.1004 m3 b) 0.000 005 005 km3 Exercise 27.6 page 289
1. a) 460 cm 2
b) 208 cm2 c) 147.78 cm2
27Perimeter, area d) 33.52 cm2
2. a) 2 cm b) 4 cm c) 6 cm d) 5 cm
and volume 3. a) 101 cm (3 s.f.)
2
b) 276 cm (3 s.f.)
2
c) 279 cm2 (3 s.f.) d) 25.6 cm2 (3 s.f.)
Exercise 27.1 page 282
4. a) 1.2 cm b) 0.5 cm c) 1.7 cm
1. a) 6 cm 2
b) 32.5 cm2 c) 20 cm2 d) 7.0 cm
d) 60 cm2 e) 108 cm2 f) 55 cm2
2. a) 64 cm2 b) 1168 mm2 c) 300 cm2
Exercise 27.7 page 289
d) 937.5 mm 2
1. a) 24 cm2 b) 2 cm
2. a) 216 cm 2
b) 15.2 cm (3 s.f.)
Exercise 27.2 page 284
3. a) 94.2 cm (3 s.f.)
2
b) 14 cm
1. 58.5 cm2
4. 4.4 cm
2. 84 cm2
3. 118.7 cm2 Exercise 27.8 page 290
4. 157.5 cm2 1. a) 24 cm3 b) 18 cm3 c) 27.6 cm3
d) 8.82 cm3
64 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2. a) 452 cm3 (3 s.f.) b) 277 cm3 (3 s.f.) c) 34.9 cm2 (3 s.f.)
c) 196 cm3 (3 s.f.) d) 0.481 cm3 (3 s.f.) d) Length 5 17.1 cm (3 s.f.)
Width 5 10.6 cm (3 s.f.)
3. a) 108 cm3 b) 140 cm3 c) 42 cm3
e) 41.7 cm2 (3 s.f.)
d) 6.2 cm3
5.
a) 20° b) 0.64 cm (2 s.f.)
4. a) 70 cm3 b) 96 cm3 c) 380 cm3
c) Length 5 13.7 cm (3 s.f.)
d) 137.5 cm3
Width 5 11.3 cm (3 s.f.)
d) 5.43 cm2 (3 s.f.)
Exercise 27.9 page 291
1. a) 16 cm b) 4096 cm3 c) 3217 cm3 Exercise 27.14 page 296
d) 21.5% (3 s.f.)
1. a) 905 cm (3 s.f.)
3
b) 3590 cm3 (3 s.f.)
2. a) 42 cm 2
b) 840 cm 3
c) 2310 cm3 (3 s.f.) d) 1.44 cm3 (3 s.f.)
3. 6.3 cm 2. a) 3.1 cm b) 5.6 cm
c) 36.3 cm d) 0.6 cm
4. 2.90 m (3 s.f.)
3
Exercise 27.10 page 293
Exercise 27.15 page 297
1. 6.3 cm
1. a) 6.28 cm b) 2.09 cm c) 11.5 cm
d) 23.6 cm 2. 86.7 cm3 (3 s.f.)
2. a) 32.7° (1 d.p.) b) 229.2° (1 d.p.) 3. 11.9 cm (1 d.p.)
c) 57.3° (1 d.p.) d) 114.6° (1 d.p.)
4. a) 4190 cm3 (3 s.f.) b) 8000 cm3 c) 48%
3. a) 12.2 cm (3 s.f.) b) 4.58 cm (3 s.f.)
5. 10.0 cm
c) 18.6 cm (3 s.f.) d) 4.01 cm (3 s.f.)
6. A 5 4.1 cm, B 5 3.6 cm, C 5 3.1 cm
Exercise 27.11 page 293
7. 3:2
1. a) 48.8 cm (3 s.f.) b) 105 cm (3 s.f.)
2. a) 3.67 cm (3 s.f.) b) 49.7 cm (3 s.f.)
Exercise 27.16 page 297
c) 68.8° (1 d.p.) 1. a) 452 cm (3 s.f.)
2
b) 254 cm2 (3 s.f.)
3. a) 12 cm b) 54 cm c) 47.7° (1 d.p.) c) 1890 cm2 (3 s.f.) d) 4 cm2
2. a) 1.99 cm (3 s.f.) b) 1.15 cm (3 s.f.)
Exercise 27.12 page 294 c) 3.09 mm (3 s.f.) d) 0.5 cm
1. a) 33.5 cm2 (3 s.f.) b) 205 cm2 (3 s.f.) 3. 1:4
c) 5.65 cm2 (3 s.f.) d) 44.7 cm2 (3 s.f.)
4. a) 157 cm2 (3 s.f.) b) 15 cm
2. a) 18.5 cm (3 s.f.) b) 20.0 cm (3 s.f.) c) 707 cm2 (3 s.f.)
c) 1.75 cm (3 s.f.) d) 12.4 cm (3 s.f.)
5. a) 804.2 cm2 b) 5.9 cm (1 d.p.)
3. a) 48° b) 34°
c) 20° d) 127°
Exercise 27.17 page 299
Exercise 27.13 page 295 1. 40 cm3
1. 79.2 m2 (3 s.f.) 2. 133 cm3 (3 s.f.)
2. a) 118 cm2 (3 s.f.) b) 39.3 cm2 (3 s.f.) 3. 64 cm3
c) 8.66 cm (3 s.f.)
4. 70 cm3
3. a) 4.19 cm (3 s.f.) b) 114 cm2 (3 s.f.)
c) 62.8 cm3 (3 s.f.)
4. a) 9.40 cm (3 s.f.) b) 0.60 cm (2 s.f.)
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 65
Solutions
Exercise 27.18 page 299 Exercise 27.23 page 305
1. 7 cm 1. a) 415 cm (3 s.f.)
2
b) 1650 cm2 (3 s.f.)
2. 5 cm 2. 1130 cm2 (3 s.f.)
3. a) 8 cm b) 384 cm3 c) 378 cm3
Student assessment 1 page 306
4. a) 3.6 cm b) 21.7 cm (3 s.f.)
3
c) 88.7 cm3 (3 s.f.) 1. 90 cm2
Exercise 27.19 page 300 2. a) Circumference 5 34.6 cm
Area 5 95.0 cm2
1. 6.93 cm2 (3 s.f.) b) Circumference 5 50.3 mm
2. 189 cm2 (3 s.f.) Area 5 201 mm2
3. 73.3 cm2 (3 s.f.) 3. 9.86 cm2
4. 1120 cm2 (3 s.f.) 4. a) 39.3 cm2 b) 34 cm2 c) 101.3 cm2
5. a) 693 cm2 (3 s.f.) b) 137 cm2 (3 s.f.) 5. a) 10.2 cm2 b) 283 cm2 c) 633 cm2
c) 23.6 cm (3 s.f.) 6. a) 339 mm 3
b) 9.82 cm 3
Exercise 27.20 page 303 Student assessment 2 page 307
1. a) 56.5 cm (3 s.f.)
3
b) 264 cm3 (3 s.f.) 1. 104 cm 2
c) 1.34 cm3 (3 s.f.) d) 166 cm3 (3 s.f.) 2. a) Circumference 5 27.0 cm
2. a) 6.91 cm (3 s.f.) b) 10.9 cm (3 s.f.) Area 5 58.1 cm2
c) 0.818 cm (3 s.f.) d) 51.3 cm (3 s.f.) b) Circumference 5 47.1 mm
Area 5 177 mm2
3. a) i) 7.96 cm ii) 12.7 cm iii) 843 cm3
b) i) 15.9 cm ii) 8.41 cm iii) 2230 cm3 3. 326 cm2
c) i) 6.37 cm ii) 3.97 cm iii) 168 cm3 4. a) 56.5 cm2 b) 108 cm2 c) 254.5 cm2
d) i) 3.82 cm ii) 4.63 cm iii) 70.7 cm3
5. 418 cm 3
Exercise 27.21 page 303 6. a) 1012 cm2 b) 523 cm2
1. 3.88 cm (3 s.f.) Student assessment 3 page 308
2. a) 33.0 cm (3 s.f.) b) 5.25 cm (3 s.f.)
1. a) 11.8 cm (3 s.f.) b) 35.3 cm (3 s.f.)
c) 7.31 cm (3 s.f.) d) 211 cm3 (3 s.f.)
2. a) 272.2° (1 d.p.) b) 5.7° (1 d.p.)
3. a) 2304 cm3 b) 603 cm3 (3 s.f.)
c) 1700 cm (3 s.f.)
3 3. 232 cm (3 s.f.)
2
4. a) 81.6 cm (3 s.f.)
3
b) 275 cm (3 s.f.)
3
4. a) 531 cm2 b) 1150 cm3
c) 8 : 27
5. a) 1210 cm2 (3 s.f.) b) 2592 cm3
Exercise 27.22 page 304
Student assessment 4 page 309
1. 81.8 cm (3 s.f.)
3
1. a) 178 cm (3 s.f.) b) 68.3 mm (3 s.f.)
2. 771 cm3 (3 s.f.)
2. a) 143.2° (1 d.p.) b) 2.9° (1 d.p.)
3. 3170 cm3 (3 s.f.)
3. 95.5 cm (3 s.f.)
2
4. a) 654 cm3 b) 12.5 cm c) 2950 cm3
4. a) 603.2 cm2 b) 1072.3 cm3
5. a) 22.5 cm b) 126 cm3 c) 3270 cm3
66 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Student assessment 5 page 309 Square Tray dimensions (cm) Volume
length (cm)
1. a) 22.9 cm (3 s.f.) b) 229 cm (3 s.f.)
2 Length Width Height
c) 985 cm2 (3 s.f.) d) 1830 cm3 (3 s.f.) 1 38 28 1 1064
2. a) 905 cm3 (3 s.f.) b) 12 cm 2 36 26 2 1872
c) 13.4 cm (3 s.f.) d) 958.2 cm2
3 34 24 3 2448
3. a) 10 cm b) 82.1 cm3 (3 s.f.)
c) 71.8 cm3 (3 s.f.) d) 30.8 cm3 (3 s.f.) 4 32 22 4 2816
e) 41.1 cm3 (3 s.f.) 5 30 20 5 3000
Student assessment 6 page 310 6 28 18 6 3024
7 26 16 7 2912
1. a) 3620 cm3 (3 s.f.) b) 3620 cm3 (3 s.f.)
c) 905 cm2 (3 s.f.) d) 1920 cm2 (3 s.f.) 8 24 14 8 2688
2. a) 43.3 cm (3 s.f.)
2
b) 173 cm (3 s.f.)
2
9 22 12 9 2376
3. a) 314 cm (3 s.f.)
2
b) 26.9 cm 10 20 10 10 2000
11 18 8 11 1584
Topic 4 Mathematical 12 16 6 12 1152
investigations and ICT 13 14 4 13 728
14 12 2 14 336
Metal trays page 311
15 10 0 15 0
1. a) length = 38 cm
width = 28 cm 4. x = 5.7 cm
height = 1 cm
5. Maximum volume = 3032 cm3
b) 1064 cm3
2. a) length = 36 cm Tennis balls page 312
width = 26 cm
height = 2 cm 1. Cuboids of the following dimensions should
b) 1872 cm3 be considered. Note each unit represents the
diameter of one tennis ball and only different
3. Student’s investigation and ordered table of combinations are considered.
results similar to this one. 1 × 1 × 12 1 × 2 × 6 1 × 3 × 4 2 × 2 × 3
2. Total surface area of a cuboid is given by the
formula: A = 2(lw + lh + wh)
Total surface area of the four options are as
shown (to nearest whole number):
Dimensions
area (cm2)
Surface
Length
Height
(units)
Width
|(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
1 × 1 × 12 6.6 6.6 79.2 2178
1×2×6 6.6 13.2 39.6 1742
1×3×4 6.6 19.8 26.4 1655
2×2×3 13.2 13.2 19.8 1394
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 67
Solutions
The optimum dimensions of the box are Exercise 21.8
13.2 cm × 13.2 cm × 19.8 cm.
1. a) y 5 x 1 1 b) y 5 x 1 3 c) y 5 x 2 2
3. Cross-sections of possible designs are shown d) y 5 2x 1 2 e) y 5 Qw x 1 5 f) y 5 Qw x 2 1
below:
2. a) y 5 2x 1 4 b) y 5 2x 2 2
c) y 5 22x 2 2 d) y 5 2 Qw x 1 3
e) y 5 2 Ew x 1 2 f) y 5 24x 1 1
3.
a) 1) a) 1 b) 1 c) 1
d) 2 e) Qw f) Qw
2) a) 21 b) 21 c) 22
d) 2 Qw e) 2 Ew f) 24
4. Student’s investigations b) The gradient is equal to the coefficient of x.
5. Student’s conclusion based on their c) The constant being added/subtracted
calculations indicates where the line intersects the
y-axis.
ICT activity page 312 4. Only the intercept c is different.
1. Possible formulae are given: 5. The lines are parallel.
In cell B2: =A2/360*2*PI()*10
C2: =B2
Exercise 28.4 page 325
D2: =C2/(2*PI()) 1. a) m 5 2 c 5 1 b) m 5 3 c 5 5
E2: =SQRT((100-D2^2)) c) m 5 1 c 5 22 d) m 5 Qw c 5 4
F2: =1/3*PI()*D2^2*E2 e) m 5 23 c 5 6 f) m 5 2 We c 5 1
g) m 5 21 c 5 0 h) m 5 21 c 5 22
28 Straight-line 2.
i)
a)
m 5 22 c 5 2
m 5 3 c 5 1 b) m 5 2 Qw c 5 2
graphs c)
e)
m 5 22 c 5 23
m 5 Qr c 5 6
d)
f)
m 5 22 c 5 24
m 5 3 c 5 2
Exercise 21.6 g) m 5 1 c 5 22 h) m 5 28 c 5 6
i) m 5 3 c 5 1
3
1. a) 1 b) 2
c) –2 3. a) m 5 2 c 5 23 b) m 5 Qw c 5 4
d) – 14 e) 0 f) infinite c) m 5 2 c 5 24 d) m 5 28 c 5 12
e) m 5 2 c 5 0 f) m 5 23 c 5 3
2. A horizontal line has a zero gradient. g) m 5 2 c 5 1 h) m 5 2 Qw c 5 2
3. A vertical line has an infinite gradient. i) m 5 2 c 5 2 Qw
4. Gradient of A = 2 4. a) m 5 2 c 5 24 b) m 5 1 c 5 6
Gradient of B = 0 c) m 5 23 c 5 21 d) m 5 21 c 5 4
Gradient of C = –3 e) m 5 10 c 5 22 f) m 5 23 c 5 Ew
g) m 5 29 c 5 2 h) m 5 6 c 5 214
Gradient of D = – 12 i) m 5 2 c 5 2 Ew
1
Gradient of E = 2 5. a) m 5 2 c 5 22 b) m 5 2 c 5 3
Gradient of F is infinite. c) m 5 1 c 5 0 d) m 5 Ew c 5 6
e) m 5 21 c 5 We f) m 5 24 c 5 2
Exercise 21.7 g) m 5 3 c 5 212 h) m 5 0 c 5 0
1. a) y 5 7 b) y 5 2 c) x 5 7 i) m 5 23 c 5 0
d) x 5 3 e) y 5 x f) y 5 Qw x 6. a) m 5 1 c 5 0 b) m 5 2 Qw c 5 22
g) y 5 2x h) y 5 22x c) m 5 23 c 5 0 d) m 5 1 c 5 0
e) m 5 22 c 5 2 We f) m 5 We c 5 24
7. a) m 5 2 Wt c 5 0 b) m 5 Qe c 5 2 Ty
c) m 5 3 c 5 0 d) m 5 21 c 5 24
68 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Exercise 21.10
1. Any line with a gradient of 1
2. a, b and d are parallel
3. y = 4x
4. a) y = –3x + 4 b) y = –3x – 2
7
c) y = –3x – 2
5. a) y = 12 x + 3 b) y = 12 x – 1
4
Exercise 28.6 page 328
1. a) y
b) y
c) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
d) y e) y f) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematical 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton 2013 69
Solutions
y y y
g) 8 h) 8 i) 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
2. a) y b) y c) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
d) y e) y f) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
70 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
y y y
g) 8 h) 8 i) 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
3. a) y b) y c) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5
5
d) y e) y f) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 71
Solutions
y y y
g) 8
h) 8
i) 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
Exercise 28.7 page 330 Exercise 28.9 page 333
1. a) (3, 2) b) (5, 2) c) (2, 1) 1. a) y 5 2x 2 1 b) y 5 3x 1 1
d) (2, 1) e) (24, 1) f) (4, 22) c) y 5 2x 1 3 d) y5x24
e) y 5 4x 1 2 f) y 5 2x 1 4
2. a) (3, 22) b) (21, 21) c) (22, 3)
g) y 5 22x 1 2 h) y 5 23x 2 1
d) (23, 23) e) Infinite solutions
i) y 5 Qw x
f ) No solution
2. a) y 5 Qu x 1 SuH b) y 5 Yu x 1 Ru
Exercise 28.8 page 331 c) y 5 Ew x 1 AwG d) y 5 9x 2 13
1. a) ii) 5.66 units (3 s.f.) iii) (3, 4) e) y 5 2 Qw x 1 Tw f) y 5 2 q E e x 1 Uq Pe
b) ii) 4.24 units (3 s.f.) iii) (4.5, 2.5) g) y52 h) y 5 23x
c) ii) 5.66 units (3 s.f.) iii) (3, 6) i) x56
d) ii) 8.94 units (3 s.f.) iii) (2, 4)
e) ii) 6.32 units (3 s.f.) iii) (3, 4) Exercise 28.10 page 335
f) ii) 6.71 units (3 s.f.) iii) (1.5, 4)
g) ii) 8.25 units (3 s.f.) iii) (2, 1) 1. a) i) −1 ii) 1 iii) y = x – 3
h) ii) 8.94 units (3 s.f.) iii) (0, 0) b) i) −1 ii) 1 iii) y = x – 5
i) ii) 7 units iii) (0.5, 5) 1 1
j) ii) 6 units iii) (2, 3) c) i) −2 ii) 2
iii) y = 2 x – 5
k) ii) 8.25 units (3 s.f.) iii) (0, 4) d) i) − 2
1
ii) 2 iii) y = 2x – 20
l) ii) 10.8 units (3 s.f.) iii) (0, 1.5)
e) i) −1 ii) 1 iii) y = x + 9
2. a) i) 4.24 units (3 s.f.) ii) (2.5, 2.5) 1 1 3
b) i) 5.66 units (3 s.f.) ii) (5, 4) f) i) −2 ii) 2
iii) y = 2 x + 2
c) i) 8.94 units (3 s.f.) ii) (4, 2) 3 2 2 4
g) i) − 2 ii) 3
iii) y = 3 x – 3
d) i) 8.94 units (3 s.f.) ii) (5, 0)
e) i) 4.24 units (3 s.f.) ii) (1.5, 4.5) 2 3 3
h) i) 3
ii) − 2 iii) y = − 2 x + 13
f) i) 4.47 units (3 s.f.) ii) (4, 3) 1
g) i) 7.21 units (3 s.f.) ii) (0, 3) i) i) −4 ii) 4 iii) y = 4x + 28
h) i) 7.21 units (3 s.f.) ii) (5, 1)
j) i) −1 ii) 1 iii) y = x – 8
i) i) 12.4 units (3 s.f.) ii) (0, 2.5)
j) i) 8.49 units (3 s.f.) ii) (1, 1) k) i) 0 ii) Infinite iii) x = 6
k) i) 11 units ii) (0.5, 3) 1 1 13
l) i) −4 ii) 4
iii) y = 4 x – 4
l) i) 8.25 units (3 s.f.) ii) (4, 2)
72 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
1 1 5 6. a) y
2. a) 3
b) y = 3 x + 3 9
c) –3 d) y = –3x + 15 8
7
e) y = –3x + 35 f) (8, 11)
6
1 25
g) (2, 9) h) y = 3 x + 3 5
i) 6.3 units j) (6, 7) 4
2 8 3
3. a) y = 5
x – 5
2
5 9
b) y = − 2 x – 2 1
c) 15.2 units 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1
d) Midpoint AB = (4, 0)
Midpoint AC = (–3, 3) 2
Midpoint BC = (2, 5) 3
4
Student assessment 1 page 337
Solution is (2, 2)
1 a) 1 b) –3 b) y
9
2 a) y = 2x + 4 b) y = 25 x + 4
8
3. a) m = –3 c = 4 b) m = 3 c = 6
7
c) m = – 12 c = 3
2 6
4. y= – 23 x +6 5
4
5. a) b) c) d) y 3
9 2
8 1
y 2x
7
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
6 1
5 2
4 3
3 4
y 3
2
x Solution is (1, –1)
y – 2 1
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1
2
x 2 3
4
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 73
Solutions
y
c)
9
Student assessment 2 page 339
8 1 a) 2
7 b) 1
6 2 a) y 5 2x 3
5
b) y 5 23 x 25
4
1
3 3. a) m 5 2
c50
2 b) m 5 4 c56
1
c) m 5 23 c5 5
2
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1 4. y 5 5x
2 5. a) b) c) d)
3 y x 3
8
4 y 3x
7
Solution is (–2, 4)
6
d)
y 5
9 4
8 3
y x 4
7 4 2
6
5 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 x
4 1
3 2
y 2
2 3
1
6. a) y
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1 8
2 7
3 6
4 5
Solution is (–2, 0) 4
7. a) i) 13 units ii) (0, 1.5) 3
2
b) i) 10 units ii) (4, 6)
1
8. a) y 5 3x 4 b) y 5 2x 7 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
9. a) y 5 27 x 31
7
b) y 5 27 x 12 1
10. a) i) (5, 6) 2
3
ii) y 5 3x 9
iii) y 5 13 x 6 Solution is (3, 3)
b) The diagonals are perpendicular as the
product of their gradients is 1.
74 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
b) y 7. a) i) 5 units ii) (0, 4.5)
8 b) i) 26 units ii) (–5, 2)
7 8. a) y 5 2x 2 5 b) y 5 24x 1 3
6 9. a) y = – 27 x + 55
b) y = – 27 x – 19
7 7
5
10. a) (1, 6)
4
b) y = 43 x + 21
3 4
2
c) Substitute y = 10 12 into the equation
1 y = 43 x + 21
4
and rearrange to find x = 7.
O d) 7.5 units
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
1
2 Topic 5 Mathematical
3 investigations and ICT
Solution is (2, 3)
Plane trails page 341
c) y 1. Student’s investigation
8 2. Student’s ordered table similar to the one
7 shown
6
Number of planes Maximum number of
5
(p) crossing points (n)
4
1 0
3
2 2 1
1 3 3
O 4 6
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
1 5 10
2 … …
3
3. The sequence of the number of crossing points
Solution is (–3, –1)
is the sequence of triangular numbers.
d) y n = 12 p(p – 1)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
1
2
3
Solution is (–1, –1)
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 75
Solutions
Hidden treasure page 342 29 Bearings
1–2. The results for up to 20 contestants are given
in the table below: Exercise 29.1 page 347
1. Student’s own diagrams
Number of Winning chest (x)
contestants (n) 2. Student’s own diagrams leading to:
1 1 a) 343° b) 034°
2 2 3. Student’s own diagrams leading to:
a) 120° b) 102°
3 2
4 4 Student assessment 1 page 348
5 2 1. Student’s own diagram
6 4 2. Student’s own diagram
7 6 3. Student’s own diagram
8 8
9 2 30 Trigonometry
10 4
11 6
Exercise 29.1
1. a) 1.82 cm b) 4.04 cm c) 19.2 cm
12 8
d) 4.87 cm e) 37.3 cm f) 13.9 cm
13 10
2. a) 14.3 cm b) 8.96 cm c) 9.33 cm
14 12 d) 4.10 cm e) 13.9 cm f) 6.21 cm
15 14 3. a) 49.4° b) 51.1° c) 51.3°
d) 63.4° e) 50.4° f) 71.6°
16 16
17 2 Exercise 29.2
18 4 1. a) 2.44 cm b) 18.5 cm c) 6.19 cm
19 6
d) 2.44 cm e) 43.8 cm f) 31.8 cm
20 8 2. a) 38.7° b) 48.6° c) 38.1°
d) 49.8° e) 32.6° f) 14.5°
3. Student’s observed pattern: key pattern is that
x = n when n is a power of 2. Exercise 29.3
1. a) 36.0 cm b) 15.1 cm c) 48.2°
4. 31 contestants, winning chest is 30.
d) 81.1° e) 6.7 cm f) 16.8 cm
32 contestants, winning chest is 32.
g) 70.5° h) 2.1 cm
33 contestants, winning chest is 2.
5. x = 2(n – T), where x = the winning chest, Exercise 29.4
n = number of contestants and T = the nearest
1. a) 5 cm b) 11.4 mm (3 s.f.)
power of 2 below n.
c) 12 cm d) 13.2 cm (3 s.f.)
ICT activity page 343 2. a) 11.0 cm (3 s.f.) b) 14.8 cm (3 s.f.)
c) 7.86 cm (3 s.f.) d) 7.35 cm (3 s.f.)
Student’s own investigation e) 3 cm f) 13.9 cm (3 s.f.)
3. 71.6 km
76 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
4. 66.9 km 4. a) 70°, 110° b) 9°, 171° c) 53°, 127°
d) 34°, 146° e) 16°, 164° f) 19°, 161°
5. a) 225° 2 135° 5 90° b) 73.8 km
6. 57 009 m Exercise 30.8 page 361
7. a) 8.5 km b) 15.5 km (3 s.f.) 1. a) –cos 160° b) –cos 95° c) –cos 148°
8. a) 13.3 m (3 s.f.) b) 15.0 m (3 s.f.) d) –cos 85° e) –cos 33° f) –cos 74°
2. a) –cos 82° b) –cos 36° c) –cos 20°
Exercise 30.5 page 356 d) –cos 37° e) –cos 9° f) –cos 57°
1. a) 43.6° b) 19.5 cm 3. a) cos 80° b) –cos 90° c) cos 70°
c) 16.7 cm d) 42.5° d) cos 135° e) cos 58° f) cos 155°
2. a) 20.8 km (3 s.f.) b) 215.2° (1 d.p.) 4. a) 2cos 55° b) 2cos 73° c) cos 60°
d) cos 82° e) cos 88° f) cos 70°
3. a) 228 km (3 s.f.) b) 102 km (3 s.f.)
c) 103 km (3 s.f.) d) 147 km (3 s.f.) Student assessment 1 page 362
e) 415 km (3 s.f.) f) 217° (3 s.f.)
1. a) 4 cm b) 43.9 cm c) 20.8 cm
4. a) 6.71 m (3 s.f.) b) 19.6 m (3 s.f.) d) 3.91 cm
c) 15.3 m (3 s.f.)
2. a) 36.9° b) 56.3° c) 31.0°
5. a) 48.2° (3 s.f.) b) 41.8° (3 s.f.) d) 33.8°
c) 8 cm d) 8.94 cm (3 s.f.)
e) 76.0 cm2 (3 s.f.) 3. a) 5 cm b) 6.63 cm c) 9.29 cm
d) 28.5 cm
Exercise 30.6 page 357
Student assessment 2 page 363
1. a) 12.2 km (3 s.f.) b) 9.5° (1 d.p.)
1. a) 160.8 km b) 177.5 km
2. a) 10.1 km (3 s.f.) b) 1.23 km (3 s.f.)
5 7.5
3. a) 22.6° (1 d.p.) b) 130 m 2. a) tan u 5 }} b) tan u 5
x (x 16)
4. a) 0.342 km (3 s.f.) b) 0.940 km (3 s.f.) 5 7.5
c) }} 5 d) 32 m
5. a) 64.0 m (3 s.f.) b) 30.2 m (3 s.f.) x (x 16)
e) 8.9° (1 d.p.)
6. 6.93 km (3 s.f.)
3. a) 285 m (3 s.f.) b) 117° (3 s.f.)
7. a) 7.46 km (3 s.f.) b) 3.18 km (3 s.f.)
c) 297° (3 s.f.)
8. a) 2.9 km (1 d.p.) b) 6.9 km (1 d.p.)
4. a) 1.96 km (3 s.f.) b) 3.42 km (3 s.f.)
c) 11.4° (1 d.p.) d) 20.4 km (1 d.p.)
c) 3.57 km (3 s.f.)
9. a) 2.68 km (3 s.f.) b) 1.02 km (3 s.f.)
b) 3.5° (1 d.p.) d) 16.83 km (2 d.p.) Student assessment 3 page 364
10. a) 225 m b) 48.4° (1 d.p.) 1. a) 4003 m b) 2.35° (3 s.f.)
2. Student’s graph
Exercise 30.7 page 360
3. a) sin 130° b) sin 30° c) –cos 135°
1. a) sin 120° b) sin 100° c) sin 65° d) –cos 60°
d) sin 40° e) sin 52° f) sin 13°
4. a) 38° b) 106°
2. a) sin 145° b) sin 130° c) sin 150°
d) sin 132° e) sin 76° f) sin 53° 5. a) 24.6° (1 d.p.) b) 32.6° (1 d.p.)
3. a) 19°, 161° b) 82°, 98° c) 5°, 175° c) 5.94 km (3 s.f.) d) 16 41
d) 72°, 108° e) 13°, 167° f) 28°, 152°
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 77
Solutions
Student assessment 4 page 364 Exercise 30.2
1. Student’s graph 1. a) 4.71 m b) 12.1 cm c) 9.15 cm
d) 3.06 cm e) 10.7 cm
2. a) 2cos 52° b) cos 100°
2. a) 125.1° b) 108.2° c) 33.6°
3. a) 678 m (3 s.f.) b) 11.6° (1 d.p.) d) 37.0° e) 122.9°
c) 718 m (3 s.f.)
4. a)
c)
21.8° (1 d.p.)
2.2 km
b) 8.5° (1 d.p.)
d) 10.5° (1 d.p.)
Exercise 31.3 page 369
e) 15.3° (1 d.p.) f) 1.76 km (3 s.f.) 1. a) 42.9 m (3 s.f.) b) 116.9° (1 d.p.)
c) 24.6° (1 d.p.) d) 33.4° (1 d.p.)
5. a)
e) 35.0 m (3 s.f.)
1
2. 370 m
3. 73.9 m (3 s.f.)
90˚ 180˚
Exercise 30.4
1
1. a) 70.0 cm2 b) 70.9 mm2 c) 122 cm2
d) 17.0 cm2
b) u 5 45°
2. a) 24.6° b) 13.0 cm c) 23.1 cm
31 Further 3.
d) 63.2°
16 800 m2
trigonometry 4. a) 3.90 m2 (3 s.f.) b) 222 m3 (3 s.f.)
Exercise 30.1 Exercise 30.5
1. a) 5.66 cm (3 s.f.) b) 6.93 cm (3 s.f.)
1. a) 8.91 cm b) 8.93 cm c) 5.96 mm
c) 54.7° (1 d.p.)
d) 8.64 cm
2. a) 5.83 cm (3 s.f.) b) 6.16 cm (3 s.f.)
2. a) 33.2° b) 52.7° c) 77.0° c) 18.9° (1 d.p.)
d) 44.0°
3. a) 6.40 cm (3 s.f.) b) 13.6 cm (3 s.f.)
3. a) 25°, 155° (nearest degree) c) 61.9° (1 d.p.)
b) A 4. a) 75.3° (1 d.p.) b) 56.3° (1 d.p.)
5. a) i) 7.21 cm (3 s.f.) ii) 21.1° (1 d.p.)
10 cm
8 cm b) i) 33.7° (1 d.p.) ii) 68.9° (1 d.p.)
8 cm
6. a) i) 8.54 cm (3 s.f.) ii) 28.3° (1 d.p.)
20˚
b) i) 20.6° (1 d.p.) ii) 61.7° (1 d.p.)
C B B
7. a) 6.5 cm b) 11.3 cm (3 s.f.)
4. a) 75°, 105° (nearest degree) c) 70.7 cm (1 d.p.)
b) P
8. a) 11.7 cm b) 7.55 cm (3 s.f.)
9. a) TU 5 TQ 5 10 cm
QU 5 8.49 (3 s.f.)
6 cm b) 90°, 36.9°, 53.1° c) 24 cm2
4 cm
4 cm
40˚
Q R R
78 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Exercise 31.6 page 375 Topic 6 Mathematical
1. a) RW b) TQ c) SQ investigations and ICT
d) WU e) QV f) SV
Numbered balls page 378
2. a) JM b) KN c) HM
d) HO e) JO f) MO 1. If a ball is odd (n), the next ball is n + 1.
n
If the ball is even (n), the next ball is 2 .
3. a) /TPS b) /UPQ c) /VSW
d) /RTV e) /SUR f) /VPW 2. 65, 66, 33, 34, 17, 18, 9, 10, 5, 6, 3, 4, 2, 1
4. a) 5.83 cm (3 s.f.) b) 31.0° (1 d.p.) 3. The first ball must be odd. Start at 1 and work
backwards.
5. a) 10.2 cm (3 s.f.) b) 29.2° (1 d.p.)
c) 51.3° (1 d.p.) 4. 513, 514, 257, 258, 129, 130, 65, 66, 33, 34, 17,
18, 9, 10, 5, 6, 3, 4, 2, 1
6. a) 6.71 cm (3 s.f.) b) 61.4° (1 d.p.)
7. a) 7.81 cm (3 s.f.) b) 11.3 cm (3 s.f.) Towers of Hanoi page 378
c) 12.4° (1 d.p.) 1. 3
8. a) 14.1 cm (3 s.f.) b) 8.49 cm (3 s.f.) 2. 15
c) 7.48 cm (3 s.f.) d) 69.3° (1 d.p.)
3. Student’s investigation
9. a) 17.0 cm (3 s.f.) b) 5.66 cm (3 s.f.)
c) 7 cm d) 51.1° (1 d.p.) 4. The results up to 8 discs are given below:
Student assessment 1 page 377 Number of discs Smallest number of
moves
1. 134° (3 s.f.)
1 1
2. a) 11.7 cm (3 s.f.)
2 3
b) 12.3 cm (3 s.f.)
c) 29.1° (1 d.p.) 3 7
3. a) 18.0 m (3 s.f.) b) 26.5° (1 d.p.) 4 15
c) 28.8 m (3 s.f.) d) 278 m2 (3 s.f.)
5 31
4. a) 12.7 cm (3 s.f.) b) 66.6° (1 d.p.)
c) 93.5 cm2 (3 s.f.) d) 14.7 cm (1 d.p.) 6 63
7 127
Student assessment 2 page 377
8 255
1. a) 10.8 cm (3 s.f.) b) 11.9 cm (3 s.f.)
c) 30.2° (1 d.p.) d) 41.0° (1 d.p.) 5. The number of moves are 1 less than the
powers of 2.
2. a) 9.81 cm (3 s.f.) b) 30°
c) 19.6 cm (3 s.f.) 6. 1023
3. a) 5.83 cm (3 s.f.) b) 6.71 cm (3 s.f.) 7. Number of moves = 2n – 1, where n = number
c) 7.81 cm (3 s.f.) d) 46.6° (1 d.p.) of discs.
e) 19.0 cm2 (3 s.f.) f) 36.7° (1 d.p.) 8. Time taken to move 64 discs is 264 – 1 seconds
This equates to 5.85 × 1011 years, i.e.
585 billion years.
Therefore according to the legend we needn’t
be too worried!
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 79
Solutions
ICT activity page 379 32 Vectors
1. b) i) 0.940 (3 d.p.)
ii) 0.819 (3 d.p.)
3
Exercise 32.1 page 383
iii) –0.866 (3 d.p.) or –
c)
2 1. a)
1 242 b) 3
1 12 c)
1 22
242
d)
1 2232 e)
1 2612 f)
1 2162
g)
1 23
212
h) 25
251 2 i)
1 2132
The graph of y = sin x intersects the line
y = 0.7 in two places as shown.
d) 30° and 150°
2. a) 4
4 12 b) 0
4 12 c)
12302
2. a) d)
1 2262 e)
1 24
222
f)
1 2402
g) 3
0 12 h)
1 2622 i)
1 24
242
3.
b) Two solutions
c) 225°
f
3. a) a
d
c
b
e
Solutions are 0°, 180° and 360° g i
h
b)
Exercise 32.2 page 384
1. a) b) c) d) e) f )
Solutions are 38.2° and 141.8° (1 d.p.)
b
a d
a b
b a a
a
a d
b
b
c
d a
b c c b
a
d c
b
80 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2. a 1 b 5 b 1 a, a 1 d 5 d 1 a, b 1 c 5 c 1 b Exercise 32.6 page 388
3. a) b) c) d) e) f) 1. a) a b) a c) b
a c d) 2b e) 2b f) 22a
d g) a 1 b h) b 2 a i) b 2 2a
c a
d a 2. a) 2a b) b c) b 2 a
b c c d) b 2 a e) 2a f) a 2 2b
b a
3. a) 22a b) 2a c) b
d) b 2 a e) 2(b 2 a) f) 2b 2 a
b b g) 22b h) b 2 2a i) 2a 2 b
d c b
c c d 4. a) 5a b) Ie b
a d c c) Qe (8b 2 15a) d) q Q t (8b 2 15a)
b e) b 2 2a f) 5a 2 2b
c b d
a c b g) It b h) Qt (10a 1 8b)
i) Qt (8b – 5a)
4. a) 2
4 12 b)
1 2602 c)
1 2112 Exercise 32.7 page 389
d) 1
0 12 e)
1902 f)
1522 1. a) i) 2a ii) 2a – b iii) Qr (2a + 3b)
b) Proof
Exercise 32.3 page 385 2. a)b) Proofs
1. d 5 2c e 5 2a f 5 2a g 5 Qw c h 5 Qw b 3. a) i) 4a ii) 2a iii) 2(a + b) iv) Ew a
i 5 2 Qw b j 5 Ew b k 5 2 Ew a
b) Proof
2. a) 4
6 12 b)
1 2 212
23
c)
1 2 2
24
4. a) i) Qw (2q – p) ii) Wu (p – q) b) Proof
d) 22
1 2
2
e)
1 2 22
25
f)
1 2 28
9
Student assessment 1 page 390
1 2
g) 210
25
h)
12 3
2
i)
1 2 10
26
1. a)
1 2232 12
b) 7
2
c)
1 2262
a51 2 b51 2 c51 2
3. a) 2a b) 2b c) b 1 c 2 4 0
2.
d) a 2 b e) 2c f) 2c 2 a 4 0 25
d51
222
e51 2
24 22
1
Exercise 32.4 page 386
3.
1. |a| 5 5.0 units |b| 5 4.1 units |c| 5 4.5 units
b
|d| 5 7.0 units |e| 5 7.3 units |f| 5 6.4 units
d
2. a) |AB| 5 4.0 units b) |BC| 5 5.4 units a
a b e d
c) |CD| 5 7.2 units d) |DE| 5 13.0 units e c c e
e) |2AB| 5 8.0 units f) |2CD| 5 7.2 units
b
3. a) 4.1 units b) 18.4 units c) 15.5 units
d) 17.7 units e) 31.8 units f) 19.6 units 2e b e
2e
Exercise 32.5 page 387
1.
A5
3
12 B512 1
C5
23
2 1 2
4. a)
1 2152 b)
1152 c)
11112 d) 11402
3 2
D5
23
0 1 2 E51
222
4
F5
2
24 1 2
G5
21
21 1 2 H51 2
0
23
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 81
Solutions
Student assessment 2 page 390 Student assessment 5 page 392
1. a)
1 2272 b)
1 25
242
c)
1 21
232
1. a)
b)
i) Qr b
Proof
ii) Qr (4a – b) iii) Wt (b – a)
2.
12
a) 0
3
b)
1 2602 c)
1 21
252
2. a) Proof b) Proof
3. a) i) b – a ii) a iii) a + b
132
d) 3 e)
1 2142 b) i) 4 : 25 ii) 20 : 25
3. Student assessment 6 page 393
e e
1. a) a b) –b c) (1 + w2)b
a c
a e b 2a 2. a) 5b b) 5b – a c) Qw (a + 3b)
c d c e c 2a
3. a) i) Qw a ii) b – a b) 2 : 3
d
b
33 Matrices
Exercise 33.1
4. a)
1 21172 b) 1 2392 c) 1 2662 d) 1 218282 page 394
1. a) P = 2 × 3 b) Q = 2 × 4 c) R = 4 × 2
d) S = 4 × 5 e) T = 5 × 1 f) F = 1 × 5
Student assessment 3 page 391
→ 2. Student’s own matrices
1. a) |AB | = 7.21 units
1 2
6500 900
b) |a| = 9.22 units |b| = 8.06 units 3. 7200 1100
|c| = 13 units 7300 1040
2. a) 17.5 units b) 2.69 units
1 2
3 4 2 1
4. 0 6 2 0
3. A=1242 B=1 –122 C= 1 –3–12 1 3 0 2
5. (8 6 9 3)
D=1 2 E=1 2
0 1
1 2
23 24 37 49
6. 74 58
4. a) Student’s own vector 76 62
→ → 89 56
b) DF = Qw BC
1 2
→ → 20 35 15
c) CF = –DE 45 25 40
7. 30 30 10
Student assessment 4 page 392 0 0 25
5 10 10
→
1 2
1. a) | FG | = 5 units 8000 3000 5000
b) |a| = 6.1 units |b| = 12.4 units 8. 8000 6000 10 000
|c| = 14.1 units 5000 11 000 9000
9000 13 000 6000
2. a) 29.7 units b) 11.4 units
1 2
6 12 43 18 6 9 6
3. a) 2a b) –b c) b – a
9. 9 15 28 18 12 12 6
12 19 30 12 9 9 9
10. Student’s own matrix
82 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Exercise 33.2 page 398 Exercise 33.4 page 402
1. a) 114 8
7 16 2
b) 1199 35 5
3 24
2 1. a) 11418 78542 b) 1120 7224 2
1 2
18 18
12 1 2
24 –10 13 17
c) 3 d) 2 –13 18 2. a) 15244 1222 1812 2 b) 8 8
6 6
18 5 10 11
a) 1
–31 19 40 2
28 4 –8
3. b) (27 –17)
1 2
14 –9
e) (–3 1 –1) f) 15 –5
1 2 1 2
6 4 –2 30 22 38
–5 10
4. a) –3 –2 1 b) 20 13 2
2. a) 151 402 b) 122 2 2
2 2 2 –12 –8 4
18 12 –6
9 7 17
24 19 50
12 1 2
–5 4 –14 –1
c) 0 2
d) 0 4 Exercise 33.5 page 402
4 –9 –1 –5
e) 1–3–1 18
2
–3 –4
f) –21 13 1 2 1. VW = 1240 78 2 WV = 1–12 4
–18 20 2
–12
–3 2
2. VW = 1–10 –9
–20 –18 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
9 11 9 11 –1 5
3. a) 15 5 b) 15 5 c) 6 6
1 2
9 8 9 8 7 –5 11 14 –1
WV = –25 –30 5
1 2 1 2 1 2
10 3 10 6 11 –2
39 46 –9
d) –3 14 e) 9 –1 f) –9 8
3 4 2 13 –4 9 3. VW = (–11)
1 2 1 2 1 2
5 9 3 –1 13 –7
1 2
4 –10 18 4
g) 6 0 h) –12 12 i) –6 10
WV = 0 0 0 0
–5 13 –5 0 9 0 –6 15 –27 –6
12 –30 54 12
1 2 1 2
2 3 3 5 1 1
4. a) 3 1 4 1 4 2 b) 15 races
1 4 3 1 3 3 4. VW = 1–67 7 9
–4 –14 2
WV is not possible
1 2
7 4 4
c) 4 5 6
2 7 6
5. VW = 1–33 41
17 –11 –8 2
–10
WV is not possible
5. a) 444 Exercise 33.6 page 403
b) 1
265 312
140 132 2 1
–
189 204
121 68 2 1
=
76 108
19 64 2 1. AI = 123 12 2 IA = 123 12 2
c) 267
AI = 1
3 6 2
IA = 1
3 62
–2 –4 –2 –4
2.
Exercise 33.3 page 400
1. a) 1 2 8 12
14 6
b) 1 2 21 6
3 0
c) 1 29 3
0 6
3. AI = 1–24 84 2 IA = 1–24 84 2
1 2
3 2
d) 1
0 202
e) 1
16 322
f) 1
14 72
10 5 28 20 21 42
4. AI = 1 6 IA is not possible
–2 5
2. a) 140 122 b) 142 31 2 c) 130.75 61.5 2 5. AI = (–5 –6) IA is not possible
d) 1
0.8 2 2
e) 1
7.5 10 2
f) 1
3 62
6 4 2.5 7.5 12 3
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 83
Solutions
1 2
4 –3
1 2
18 –17
6. 5 –6 IA is not possible 2. a) 45 0 b) (–83 –14)
3 2 30 15
1 4
3. a) 1 b) 6 c) –6 d) –4
7. When AI exists, it is equal to A.
8. For a 2 × 2 matrix AI = IA = A. 4. a) 1–1Ew –2
Jw 2 b) 1–9 8
8 –7
2
Exercise 33.7 c) 1 2 d) 1
– Aw
Aw – Aq w 2
page 404 To – AAq i Qr
– We Ty
1. a) 3 b) 3 c) 4 d) 2
2. a) –4 b) –10 c) –10 d) –1 Student assessment 2 page 407
3. a) 18 b) 14 c) –54 d) 4
1 2
11 7
4. Student’s own matrices 1. a) 1 3 –1
–8 2 2 b) 6 –12
8 –5
5. Student’s own matrices
1 2
6. Student’s own matrices 3 1
7. a) 16 b) 131 c) 18 d) 936
c) 1–10 –7
–4 1 2 d) –4 1
6 –3
e) –104 f) –576 g) 254 h) –576
i) 147
e) 13 12
6 –12 15 2
–3
f) 110 –2
–4 2
Exercise 33.8 page 406
1 2
3 –15
1. a) 1–7 9
4 –5
2 b) 1–75 –7102 c) 1–0.8
1 –1
12
2. a) 42 10
–36 26
b) (–19 –32)
d) 1–1A 3 2 e) 1
1 2
–1.8 –0.8
3. a) 1 b) 66 c) 66 d) 18
–1 2 2
Jw –3
f) Not possible 4. a) 1 9
–10 9 2
–8
1 2
b) –
Lw 4
d) 1
–75.5 66 2
2. See answers for Q.1. 67.5 –59
c) Not possible
3. It has no inverse as the determinant = 0.
4. A, B, D have no inverse.
5. a) 1
–9 4
7 –3
b) 2– Tr – Er
2 1 1 2 c) 1 6
–11
– AAr
5 2 34 Transformations
1 AwAw 0Aq q 2 1– Eq Aw – AUq w 2 1–2Er Exercise 34.1
–12
– Lw Gw Aw page 409
d) e) f)
1. a) y
Student assessment 1 page 406 6
1 2
6 11 4
1. a) 1–7 8
4 –1
2 b) –1 –12
10 –5 2
1 2
5 –4
c) 1–9 –6
–1 1 2 d) 1 5
1 5
2
2
0 2 4 6 8 10
x
4
e) 1 6 16 –8
2 –12 14 2 f) 1 1 –2
0 –1.5 2 6
b) y = 2
84 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2. a) y
5. a) y
6 6
4 4
2 2
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x 6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
2 2
4 4
6 6
b) x = –1 b) y = – x – 2
3. a) y 6. a) y
6 6
4 4
2 2
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 x
x 2
2
4 4
6
6
b) y = –1 b) y = 0, x = –3
4. a) y 7. a) y
6 6
4 4
2 2
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 x
x
2 2
4 4
6 6
b) y = x – 2 b) y = 1, x = –3, y = x + 4, y = –x – 2
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 85
Solutions
8. a) y d)
y
6 6
4 4
2 2
8 6 4 2 0 2 x 6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
2 2
4 4
6 6
b) y = 1, x = –3, y = x + 4, y = –x – 2
2. a)
y
Exercise 34.2 page 410
6
1. a) y 4
6
2
4
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
2
2
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x 4
2
6
4
6 b) y
b) y 6
6 4
4 2
2
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x 2
2 4
4 6
6 c) y
c) y 6
6
4
4
2
2
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x 2
2
4
4
6
6
86 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
d) y 2.
6
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
2
4
6 3.
3. y
8
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x
4. y
2
5
4
4
6 3
8 2
1
10
0
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
1
14
5. y
4
Exercise 34.3 page 411 3
1. 2
1
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x
–1
–2
–3
–4
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 87
Solutions
y
6. y 4. a)
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x –1
–1
–2
–2
–3
–3
–4
Exercise 34.4 page 411 b) 90° anti-clockwise about (0, 0)
5. a) y
1. a)
4
3
2
1
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1
–2
–3
b) 180° clockwise/anti-clockwise –4
2. a) b) 90° anti-clockwise about (2.5, 0)
6. a) y
4
3
2
1
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x
–1
b) 90° anti-clockwise –2
–3
3. a)
–4
b) 90° clockwise about (0, 1)
Exercise 34.5 page 413
Student’s own diagrams.
b) 180° clockwise/anti-clockwise
88 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Exercise 34.6 page 414 4.
1. A→B= 1–062 A → C = 1362
Object
2. A→B=
0
–71 2
A → C =
–6
1 1 2
Image
3. A→B= 1062 A → C = 1–362
4. A→B= 1502 A → C = 1–– 362 5.
Exercise 34.7 page 415
1.
Image Object
Image
Object
6.
Object
2.
Object Image
Image
Exercise 34.8 page 418
1.
A'
3.
A
Image
C C'
Object B
B'
Scale factor is 2
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 89
Solutions
2. Exercise 34.9 page 419
1.
A D O
A' D'
B C
B' C'
Scale factor is 1.5
3.
' '
2.
' '
4.
C' A'
A 3.
C
Scale factor is 3 B'
5. 4.
D A
1
Scale factor is –
4
O
D' A'
C' B'
C B
90 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Exercise 34.10 page 420 4. A B
1.
C'
C' D'
A B
B' A'
D C
C
1
Scale factor is –
3
B' A'
Scale factor is 3
5.
B'
2.
A B
C'
O C'
C
A D
D' A'
C
B Scale factor is 2.5
B' A'
6.
A
3.
D
C'
A C' B D' B'
O D'
B A'
D C C
Scale factor is 0.5
B' A'
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 91
Solutions
Exercise 34.11 page 422 3. y
4 Q R
1. y 2
10 P S
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10x
8 C' P' Q'
D' 2
6
4
4 A' B' S' R'
6
2 A B
A" D" 4.
R' S' y
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x
D C 4 Q R
B" 2 C"
2
2. Q' P'
y P S
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x
10
2
8
C' D' 4
A B 6
B"
6
D C 4
B' A' 5. y
2 Q' R'
4 Q R
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x
D" A" 2
2 P' S'
P S
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x
Exercise 34.12 page 424 2
4
1. y S' R' 6
4 Q R
6. y
2 P' Q'
P S 4 Q R
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x 2
2 P S
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x
4 S' P'
2
6
4
2. y
6
R' Q'
4 Q R
2
P S
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x
Q' P'
2
4
R' S'
6
92 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
7. Q.1 represents a reflection in the line y = x. Exercise 34.13 page 426
Q.2 represents a reflection in the line y = –x.
Q.3 represents a clockwise rotation of 90° 1. a) Student’s own diagram
about the origin. b) Student’s diagram should show a reflection
Q.4 represents an anti-clockwise rotation of in y x followed by enlargement from
90° about the origin. the origin 2
1 2
Q.5 represents an enlargement of scale factor 0 –0.5
c)
2 with its centre at the origin. –0.5 0
Q.6 represents an enlargement of scale factor
–2 with its centre at the origin. 2. a) Student’s own diagram
b) Student’s diagram should show a rotation
8. a) 180° about the origin
–1 0
X
y
4 1
c) 0 –1 2
2 3. a) Student’s own diagram
Y Z Z' Y' b) Student’s diagram should show a rotation
4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x 90° clockwise about the origin followed by
2 enlargement from the origin 1.5
0 – Se
4
c) 1
Se 0 2
6
4. a) Student’s own diagram
8
b) Student’s diagram should show an
10 X' enlargment from the origin 0.5 followed
by reflection in the y-axis
b) 4.5 units2 c) 40.5 units2 d) 9 e) 9
9. a) y
c) 1–20 022
Q' 2 R' 5. a) Student’s own diagram
Q 1 R b) Student’s diagram should show an
enlargment from the origin 2.5 followed
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5x by reflection in the x-axis
P'
P
1
2
S
S'
c) 1S0 –0S 2
6. a) Student’s own diagram
3
b) Student’s diagram should show a rotation
about the origin 60° anti-clockwise
b) 6 units2 c) 13.5 units2 d) 2.25 e) 2.25 followed by an enlargement from origin
10. a) (2)
1
y 1 3
A 3 C − −
C' 4 4
c)
2 3 1
−
B 1 4 4
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2x
1
2
A' B'
3
b) 2 units c) 12.5 units d) 6.25 e) 6.25
2 2
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 93
Solutions
Exercise 34.14 page 429 Student assessment 1 page 431
y
1. a) c) y 1. a)
6
4
X' Y' Y X
4
Y'' 2
X'' Z' 2
4 2 0 Z 2 4x
Z'' O
2 2 2 4 6 8 10x
4 2
6 4
6
b) Reflection in the y-axis
d) Rotation 45° anti-clockwise about the y x 2 is also a mirror line
origin b) y = –x + 4
1 1
2 2 2 2 2. a) (3, 2) b) 90° clockwise
− − − −
e)
−
2
2
2
2
f)
−
2
2
2
2
3. a)
6
0 12
b) 1 2
–3
–5
2 2 2 2 4.
2. a) c)
y
K' L'
4
2 K L
M'
M
6 4 2 0 2 4 6 x
J O
K'' 2 J'
J''
L'' 4
6
M''
b) Enlargement scale factor 2, with centre at
the origin
d) Reflection in the line y x Student assessment 2 page 432
0 –2 0 – Aw
1
e) –2 0 2 f) –
Aw 0 1 2 1. y
0 – 6
3. a) 1
0 2 b) –
0 Se
Se 01 2 4
–1 0 0 –1
4. 1
a) 0 –1 2 b) –1 0 1 2 2
O
0 1 2 4 6 8 10
1 2
2
c) 1 0 x
2
d) Rotation 180° about the origin 4
e) Reflection in the line y x 6
f) Reflection in the line y x
94 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2. a) Student’s own construction 5. a) b) y
b) 180° clockwise/anti-clockwise
4
3. a) 1 2
0
–3
b) 1 2 –8
2 3
P'
4. 2 P
S'
1 R'
S
R
Q'' Q'
4 3 2 1 0 1Q 2 3 4 x
1
R''
S''
2
3
P''
4
1.5 0 –
c) 1 0 1.5 2 d) 1 0Se –0Se 2
Student assessment 3 page 433
1. a) Student assessment 4 page 435
C D 1. a)
Z'
W
B'
A' X
A
Y' Y
B D' C'
b) The scale factor of enlargement is –0.5. Z
2. a) An enlargement of scale factor 2. Centre
of enlargement (3, 3) X'
b) A reflection about the line y = –x – 1
3. a) A reflection in the line x = 0 W'
b) An enlargement by scale factor –0.5.
Centre of enlargement (0, –1) b) The scale factor of enlargement is –2.
4. a) b) y
J"
6
J
2. a) A translation of vector 1602
b) An enlargement of scale factor 2. Centre
4 of enlargement (6, 8)
2
K" L" L K
O
6 4 2 2 4 6x
L'
2
J' K' 4
6
c) 1–10 10 2
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 95
Solutions
3. a) y 5. Student’s investigation and ordered table
6 P
Number of Number of triangles
4 horizontal lines
2 Q' 0 6
R' Q 1 12
O
6 4 2 2 4 6x
2 18
2 P'
3 24
4
… …
R
6 6. n = 6(h + 1)
4 4
b)
25
0.16 c)
25
or 0.16 ICT activity 1 page 438
Student’s help sheet
Topic 7 Mathematical
ICT activity 2 page 439
investigations and ICT
3. Reflection in y = x
A painted cube page 436
4. a) Reflection in y = –x
1. a) 8 b) 12 c) 6 d) 1
b) Clockwise rotation about the origin of 90°
2. A: 8, B: 24, C: 24, D: 8 c) Anti-clockwise rotation about the origin
3. A: 8, B: 96, C: 384, D: 512 of 90°
d) Enlargement of scale factor 2, centred at
4. When (n – 2) ≥ 0, A: 8, B: 12(n – 2), the origin.
C: 6(n – 2)2, D: (n – 2)3 e) Englargement of scale factor – 2, centred
5. When (l – 2) ≥ 0, (w – 2) ≥ 0 and (h – 2) ≥ 0, at the origin
A: 8,
B: 4(l – 2) + 4(w – 2) + 4(h – 2),
C: 2(l – 2)(w – 2) + 2(l – 2)(h – 2) + 2(w – 2)
35 Probability
(h – 2), Exercise 35.1 page 443
D: (l – 2)(w – 2)(h – 2)
1. Student’s own drawing
Triangle count page 437 2. Student’s own answers
1. 9
Exercise 35.2 page 444
2. Student’s investigation and ordered table
1. a) Qy b) Ty c) Qw d) Ty e) 0 f) 1
Number of Number of triangles 2. a) i) Qu ii) Yu b) Total 5 1
horizontal lines
3. a) w tQ p b) Qw c) w t p d) 1
0 3
4. a) Ti b) Ei
1 6
5. a) q Q e b) w T y c) Ww Qy d) w E y
2 9
6. Qy
3 12
7. a) i) q Q p ii) Qr b) i) q Q o ii) q E o
… …
8. a) e Q u b) Ee Yu c) Qe Iu d) e Q u
3. n = 3(h + 1) e) We Qu f) Qe Wu g) Qe Uu h) Qe Qu
4. 12 9. a) RCA RAC CRA CAR ARC ACR
b) Qy c) Qe d) Qw e) w Q r
96 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
10. a) Qr b) Er c) q Q e d) w Q y 2. a) 32 cards in pack
e) q E e f) tQ w g) q T e h) q R e b) i) Qi ii) Ei iii) Qr iv) Qi v) Qe Qw
3. a) q iQ p b) w Q p c) q Q w d) Wo e) 1
Exercise 35.3 page 445
4. a) e O w b) Ei c) We Qw
1. a) 140
5. 128 red, 80 blue, 112 green
b) i) Q ii) p iii) Yu
2. a) 32 6. a) E b) c)
b) i) q y ii) e w iii) Ei iv) Ti 7. a) 50 000
b) You have to assume that all entrants have
3. a) 70 an equal chance of winning.
b) i) ii) iii) iv)
Exercise 35.4 page 448
36 Further
1. 2 probability
2. 25
Exercise 36.1 page 452
3. a) q Q y b) q U y c) Qw d) Qq Ty e) Qq Qy
4. a) Qr Rt b) r U t c) Qe Ep d) q Q t e) Qq Rt 1. a)
Dice 1
5. 35 blue, 28 red, 21 yellow, 49 green, 7 white
1 2 3 4
6. 300
1 1, 1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 1
7. 14
Dice 2
2 1, 2 2, 2 3, 2 4, 2
8. 200 3 1, 3 2, 3 3, 3 4, 3
9. 2 4 1, 4 2, 4 3, 4 4, 4
Student assessment 1 page 449 b) Ar c) Ar d) q O y
1. a) Qy b) Ty c) We d) 0 2.
6 1, 6 2, 6 3, 6 4, 6 5, 6 6, 6
2. a) Qr b) q Q e c) Qw d) q E e
e) q R e
5 1, 5 2, 5 3, 5 4, 5 5, 5 6, 5
3. a) w tQ p b) t Q p c) w W t d) q E p
e) 1 4 1, 4 2, 4 3, 4 4, 4 5, 4 6, 4
4. a) Qr Qp b) Qi c) Qr d) Rt Die 22
Dice
5. 160 red, 96 blue, 64 green 3 1, 3 2, 3 3, 3 4, 3 5, 3 6, 3
6. a) b) c) w Q d) q t
2 1, 2 2, 2 3, 2 4, 2 5, 2 6, 2
e) AA
q f) g) p
7. a) The girl’s results are likely to be more 1 1, 1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 1 5, 1 6, 1
reliable as she repeated the experiment
more times.
b) It is likely that the dice is biased towards 1 2 3 4 5 6
the number 3. Dice 1
Die 1
Student assessment 2 page 450
a) Ae y b) Ay c) Aq i d) Ay e) Ar f) Er
1. a) Qi b) Ui c) Ti d) 0 g) q i h) Ay i) AAqi
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 97
Solutions
Exercise 36.2 page 454 3. a)
W WWW
W L WWL
1. a) 1 111 D WWD
1 2 112 W WLW
3 113 W L L WLL
1 121 D WLD
1 2 2 122 W WDW
3 123 D L WDL
1 131 D WDD
3 2 132 W LWW
3 133 W L LWL
1 211 D LWD
1 2 212 W LLW
3 213 L L L LLL
1 221 D LLD
2 2 2 222 W LDW
3 223 D L LDL
1 231 D LDD
3 2 232 W DWW
3 233 W L DWL
1 311 D DWD
1 2 312 W DLW
3 313 D L L DLL
1 321 D DLD
3 2 2 322 W DDW
3 323 D L DDL
1 331 D DDD
3 2 332
3 333 b) i) wAu ii) Aw P u iii) Aw O u iv) w I u
b) i) wAu ii) Ae iii) Ao iv) Ae v) Go 4. a) DB DB DB
W DB W
DB
2. a) M MMMM LB DB LB
M P DB P
F MMMF
M DB W DB
M MMFM
F W WW
F MMFF W
M LB W LB
M MFMM P WP
M
F MFMF DB LB DB
F
M MFFM W LB W
F LB
F MFFF LB LB LB
M FMMM P LB P
M
F FMMF DB P DB
M W PW
M FMFM P
F LB P LB
F FMFF
F P PP
M FFMM
M
F FFMF b) i) qAy ii) Ar iii) Ai
F
M FFFM
F
F FFFF
b) i) Aq y ii) Di iii) Aq Ty iv) qGy
98 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Exercise 36.3 page 456 Student assessment 1 page 457
1. a) 1. a) i) Et ii) Aq o
Roll 1 Roll 2 Outcomes Probability b) Infinite
Six 2. a)
Six, Six 1 2 3 4 5 6
Six
Not six Six, Not six H 1H 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H
Six Not six, Six T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T
Not six
Not six Not six, Not six b) i) qAw ii) Ar iii) Ar
3. a) A B
b) i) Ay ii) AAe y iii) Ge y iv) AWw q Gy v) w O qAy
c) Add up to 1 B BB
B P BP
2. a) wFt b) GF
q w t c) q O w I t W BW
B PB
3. a) 0.35
L L, L, L
0.35 L P P PP
L 0.65 OT L, L, OT W PW
0.35 0.35 L L, OT, L
0.65 OT B WB
0.65 OT L, OT, OT P WP
W
0.35
L OT, L, L W WW
0.65 0.35 L
OT 0.65 OT OT, L, OT
0.35 L OT, OT, L b) i) qAy ii) Ai iii) Ar
0.65 OT
0.65 OT OT, OT, OT 4. a)
0.5 H HHH
0.5 H
b) i) 0.275 (3 s.f.) ii) 0.123 (3 s.f.) 0.5 T HHT
H 0.5
iii) 0.444 (3 s.f.) iv) 0.718 (3 s.f.) 0.5 H HTH
0.5 T
0.5 T HTT
4. a) 0.0588 (3 s.f.) b) 0.0129 (3 s.f.) 0.5 H THH
c) 0.414 (3 s.f.) d) 0.586 (3 s.f.) 0.5 H
0.5 0.5 T THT
T 0.5
5. a) H TTH
B KB 0.5 T
0.5 T TTT
K M KM
L KL b) i) Ai ii) Ei iii) Ai iv) Ui
K BK
B M BM 5. a) o b) SHw u c) Wo
L BL 6. a) q O y b) Aq y c) Ar
K MK
B MB 7. 0.009 95 (3 s.f.)
M M MM
L ML
K LK
B LB
L
M LM
L LL
b) i) Aq t ii) Aq t iii) Dt
6. 0.027
7. a) 0.752 (0.563)
b) 0.753 (0.422)
c) 0.7510 (0.056)
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 99
Solutions
Student assessment 2 page 458 Topic 8 Mathematical
1. a)
investigations and ICT
Dice 1 Probability drop page 460
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Tray 1: LLL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tray 2: LLR LRL RLL
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tray 3: LRR RLR RRL
Tray 4: RRR
Dice 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2. Tray 1: LLLL
Tray 2: LLLR LLRL LRLL RLLL
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tray 3: LLRR LRLR LRRL RLLR
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 RLRL RRLL
Tray 4: RRRL RRLR RLRR LRRR
b) i) eAy ii) Ay iii) qAw iv) qJw Tray 5: RRRR
c) 25 1
3. 16
because there are 16 possible routes and
2. a) i) Ar ii) Di only one results in the marble landing in
b) i) yDr ii) iii) qJy iv) Dy Or Tray 1.
4 1
3. a) 4. Tray 2: 16 = 4
B BB
6 3
B W BW Tray 3: 16 = 8
P BP 4 1
B WB Tray 4: 16 = 4
W W WW Tray 5: 16
1
P WP
5. Student’s investigation
b) i) qAy ii) Di iii) qDy iv) Ji 210 105
6. 1024
= 512
4. a) qAw b) Ay c) Ay
7. Each number in each row of Pascal’s triangle
5. a) 0.72 b) 0.729 corresponds to the number of routes to
6. a) landing in each tray of the game.
0.6 H HHH
0.6 H 8. The binomial expansion generates the
0.4 T HHT
H 0.6 numbers in Pascal’s triangle and therefore the
0.6 H HTH
0.4 T number of routes to landing in each tray of the
0.4 T HTT
0.6 H
game.
THH
0.6 H
0.4 0.4 T THT
T 0.6 H TTH Dice sum page 461
0.4 T
0.4 T TTT 1.
b) i) 0.216 ii) 0.064 iii) 0.648 Dice 1
7. a) i) 0.8 ii) 0.7 iii) 0.3 1 2 3 4 5 6
b) i) 0.06 ii) 0.56 iii) 0.38 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Dice 2
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
100 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2. 36 3. Mean = 14 yrs 3 mths
3. 7 Median = 14 yrs 3 mths
3 1
Mode = 14 yrs 3 mths
4. 36
= 12 Range = 8 mths
5.
3
=
1 4. Mean = 26.4 Median = 27
36 6
Mode = 28 Range = 5
6. You are four times more likely to get a 5 than
5. Mean = 13.9 s (3 s.f.)
a 2.
Median = 13.9 s
7. Mode = 13.8 s
Dice 1 Range = 0.6 s
1 2 3 4 6. 91.1 kg
7. 103 points
1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5 6 Exercise 37.2 page 468
Dice 2
3 4 5 6 7 1. Mean = 3.35 Median = 3
4 5 6 7 8 Mode = 1 and 4 Range = 5
2. Mean = 7.03
8. 16
3. a) Mean = 6.33 (3 s.f.)
9. 5 Median = 7
10.
4
=
1 Mode = 8
16 4
Range = 5
11. Student’s investigation b) The mode, as it gives the highest number
m 1
12. a) m2 b) m + 1 c) = of flowers per bush
m
2
m
13. a) m × n
b) The total can take any integer value in the
Exercise 37.3 page 469
range n + 1 m + 1. 1. a)
n 1
c) = Height Frequency Mid-interval Frequency ×
nm m (m) value mid-interval
value
ICT activity: Buffon’s needle 1.8– 2 1.85 3.7
experiment page 462 1.9– 5 1.95 9.75
1.–9. Student’s experiment and results entered in 2.0– 10 2.05 20.5
a spreadsheet 2.1– 22 2.15 47.3
2
10. The value of p should tend to π. 2.2– 7 2.25 15.75
2.3–2.4 4 2.35 9.4
37 ean, median,
M b) Mean = 2.13 m (3 s.f.)
c) Modal class = 2.1–2.2 m
mode and range 2. a) Mean = 33 h (2 s.f.)
b) Modal class = 30–39 h
Exercise 37.1 page 467
3. a) Mean = 6.2 cm
1. Mean = 1.67 (3 s.f.) Median = 1 b) Modal class = 6.0–6.5 cm
Mode = 1 Range = 5
2. Mean = 6.2 Median = 6.5
Mode = 7 Range = 9
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 101
Solutions
Student assessment 1 page 470 3.
Fraction $ Degrees
1. a) Mean = 16
b) Median = 16.5 Clothes 1
–
3
800 120
c) Mode = 18
Transport –15 480 72
d) Range = 39
Ents. –14 600 90
2.a) 28
13
b) i) Mean 7.75 Saved ––
60
520 78
ii) Median = 8
iii) Mode = 8
iv) Range = 5
3. a) Mean = 19
b) Modal class is 19 < M , 20
Student assessment 2 page 471
1. Mean = 86.8 m Median = 90.5 m
Mode = 93 m Range = 18 m
2.a) 26
b) i) Mean = 7.73 (3 s.f.)
ii) Median = 7.5 4. Male
iii) Mode = 10 Management
Social
iv) Range = 6 18% (65°)
8% (29°)
3. a) Mean ≈ 10.0 kg (3 s.f.)
Non-skilled
b) Modal class is 10.0 < M , 10.1 kg 12% (43°)
Clerical
22% (79°)
38 ollecting and
C
displaying data Skilled
24% (86°)
Professional
16% (58°)
Exercise 38.1 page 476
Female
1.
Social
Sleep Meals Sport TV School 10% (36°)
Non-skilled Management
Ayse 8 h 20 2h 5h 2h 6 h 40 24% (86°) 4% (14°)
Ahmet 8 h 40 2h 5 h 20 2h 6h
2.
Skilled Clerical
16% (58°) 38% (137°)
Professional
8% (29°)
Music
a) Student’s own two statements
b) Professional 5 8 million 3 8% 5 640 000
Management 5 8 million 3 4% 5 320 000
102 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
Exercise 38.2 page 477
1. Student’s own survey results and pie charts
2. Student’s report
Exercise 38.3 page 481
1. Student’s answers may differ from those given below.
a) Possible positive correlation (strength depending on topics tested)
b) No correlation
c) Positive correlation (likely to be quite strong)
d) Negative correlation (likely to be strong). Assume that motorcycles are not rare/vintage.
e) Factors such as social class, religion and income are likely to affect results.
Therefore little correlation is likely.
f) Negative correlation (likely to be strong)
g) 0–16 years likely to be a positive correlation
h) Strong positive correlation
2. a) Sunshine and rainfall correlation
160
140
Rainfall (mm)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Sunshine (hours)
b) Graph shows a very weak negative correlation.
3. a)
Adult illiteracy and infant
mortality correlation
140
Infant mortality per 1000
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 20 40 60 80
Adult illiteracy (%)
b) Positive correlation
c) Student’s answer. However, although there is a correlation, it doesn’t imply that one variable affects
the other
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 103
Solutions
d) Female and male life expectancy correlation
90
80
Male life expectancy
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Female life expectancy
4. a) Moderate/strong positive correlation
b) Approx. 31 tomatoes
c) Approx. 60 cm
Exercise 38.4 page 485 Exercise 38.5 page 487
1. a)
1.
9 Time (min) 0– 10– 15– 20– 25– 30– 40–60
8
Freq. 6 3 13 7 3 4 4
7
6 Freq. density 0.6 0.6 2.6 1.4 0.6 0.4 0.2
Frequency
5
b)
4
3 2.6
2.4
2
2.2
1
Frequency density
2.0
1.8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.6
Distance (km) 1.4
1.2
2. 1.0
8 0.8
7 0.6
0.4
6 0.2
Frequency
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
4 Time (min)
3
2
1
145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
Height (cm)
104 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2. a) 4. a)
Time (min) Frequency Frequency density
7
0 < t , 30 8 0.3
Frequency density
6
30 < t , 45 5 0.3 5
4
45 < t , 60 8 0.5
3
60 < t , 75 9 0.6 2
75 < t , 90 10 0.7 1
90 < t , 120 12 0.4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Age (years)
b)
b) Student’s own answers
0.8
0.7
Student assessment 1 page 489
Frequency density
0.6
1. 90
0.5
80
0.4
70
Area (10 000 km 2)
0.3
60
0.2
50
0.1
40
0 15 30 45 60 75 9
0 105 120 30
Time (min) 20
10
3. a) 0
Nigera Republic South Kenya
Age (years) 0– 1– 5– 10– 20– 40– 60–90
of Congo Sudan
Freq. 35 48 140 180 260 280 150
Freq. density 35 12 28 18 13 14 5
2. a) Distance travelled and time
b) taken correlation
36
50
32
40
Time (min)
28
Frequency density
24 30
20 20
16 10
12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
8
4 Distance (km)
b) (Strong) positive correlation
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 9
0 c) It depends on their mode of transport.
Age (years)
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 105
Solutions
d) Distance travelled and time 2. a) Gloves sold and outside
taken correlation temperature correlation
50 70
Number of pairs of gloves
40 60
Time (min)
30 50
20 40
10 30
20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Distance (km) 10
e) Approx. 9.5 km 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
3. a) Mean outside temperature
(°C)
Age Number Frequency density
b) Negative correlation
Juniors 0– 32 2 c) Student’s own answer
d) Gloves sold and outside
Intermediates 16– 80 16
temperature correlation
Full members 21– 273 7
70
Number of pairs of gloves
Seniors 60–80 70 3.5
60
b) 50
40
16
30
14
Frequency density
20
12
10
10
8 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
6 Mean outside temperature
(°C)
4
2
Approx. 30 pairs
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 3. a)
Age (years)
Points 0– 5– 10– 15– 25– 35–50
Student assessment 2 page 490 Number of
games
2 3 8 9 12 3
1. America Africa Freq. density 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.2
(48.4°) (52.4°)
920 995
Oceania
Europe (1.8°)
(39.5°) 35
750
Asia
(218°)
4140
106 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
b) 2. a)
2.0
1.8 Class A Class B Class C
1.6 Score
Cum. Cum. Cum.
Freq. Freq. Freq.
Frequency density
1.4 freq. freq. freq.
1.2 0 < x , 20 1 1 0 0 1 1
1.0 20 < x , 40 5 6 0 0 2 3
0.8
40 < x , 60 6 12 4 4 2 5
0.6
60 < x , 80 3 15 4 8 4 9
0.4
0.2 80 < x , 100 3 18 4 12 8 17
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 b) Class A
Points 18
16
39 Cumulative
Cumulative frequency
14
frequency 12
10
8
Exercise 39.1 page 492
6
1. a) 4
Finishing 2
0– 0.5– 1.0– 1.5– 2.0– 2.5– 3.0–3.5
time (h)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Freq. 0 0 6 34 16 3 1 Test score
Cum. freq. 0 0 6 40 56 59 60
Class B
b)
60 18
16
50
Cumulative frequency
14
Cumulative frequency
12
40
10
30 8
6
20
4
10 2
0 20 40 60 80 100
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Test score
Finishing time (h)
c) Median ≈ 1.8 h
d) As many runners finished before as after
the median.
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 107
Solutions
b) 2007
Class C
30
18
28
16
26
14
Cumulative frequency
24
12
22
10
Cumulative frequency
20
8
18
6
16
4
14
2
12
0 20 40 60 80 100 10
Test score
8
6
c) Class A median ≈ 50
Class B median ≈ 70 4
Class C median ≈ 78 2
d) As many students were above as below the
median. 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
3. a) Height (cm)
2007 2008 2009 2008
Height (cm)
Cum. Cum. Cum. 30
Freq. Freq. Freq.
freq. freq. freq.
28
150– 6 6 2 2 2 2 26
155– 8 14 9 11 6 8 24
160– 11 25 10 21 9 17 22
Cumulative frequency
20
165– 4 29 4 25 8 25
18
170– 1 30 3 28 2 27
16
175– 0 30 2 30 2 29 14
180–185 0 30 0 30 1 30 12
10
8
6
4
2
150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
Height (cm)
108 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
2009 b)
30
40
28
36
26
32
Cumulative frequency
24
28
22
24
20
Cumulative frequency
20
18
16
16
12
14
8
12
4
10 0 20 40 60 80 100
8 Distance thrown (m)
6
c) Qualifying distance ≈ 66 m
4 d) Inter-quartile range ≈ 28 m
2 e) Median ≈ 50 m
150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
4. a)
Height (cm) Type A
Mass (g) Frequency Cum. freq.
c) Median (2007) ≈ 161 cm
Median (2008) ≈ 162 cm 75– 4 4
Median (2009) ≈ 164 cm
100– 7 11
d) As many students are taller than the
median as shorter than the median. 125– 15 26
Exercise 39.2 page 495
150– 32 58
175– 14 72
1. a) Class A ≈ 30 Class B ≈ 30 Class C ≈ 40
b) Student’s own responses 200– 6 78
2. a) 2007 ≈ 7 cm 2008 ≈ 8 cm 2009 ≈ 8 cm
225–250 2 80
b) Student’s own responses
3. a)
Type B
Distance
0– 20– 40– 60– 80–100
thrown (m) Mass (g) Frequency Cum. freq.
Freq. 4 9 15 10 2 75– 0 0
Cum. freq. 4 13 28 38 40 100– 16 16
125– 43 59
150– 10 69
175– 7 76
200– 4 80
225–250 0 80
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 109
Solutions
b) Student assessment 1 page 497
Type A
1. a)
80
Mark 20– 30– 40– 50– 60– 70– 80– 90–100
Cumulative frequency
70
Freq. 2 3 5 7 6 4 2 1
60
50 Cum. freq. 2 5 10 17 23 27 29 30
40
30 b)
20 32
10 28
Cumulative frequency
24
0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 20
Mass (g)
16
Type B 12
8
80
4
Cumulative frequency
70
60 0 20 40 60 80 100
50 Exam mark (%)
40
c) i) Median ≈ 57%
30 ii) Lower quartile ≈ 45%
20 Upper quartile ≈ 69%
10 iii) Inter-quartile range ≈ 24%
2. a)
0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Mark (%) Frequency Cumulative frequency
Mass (g)
31–40 21 21
c) Median type A ≈ 157 g
Median type B ≈ 137 g 41–50 55 76
d) i) Lower quartile type A ≈ 140 g
51–60 125 201
Lower quartile type B ≈ 127 g
ii) Upper quartile type A ≈ 178 g 61–70 74 275
Upper quartile type B ≈ 150 g
iii) Inter-quartile type range type A ≈ 38 g 71–80 52 327
Inter-quartile type range type B ≈ 23 g 81–90 45 372
e) Student’s own report
91–100 28 400
5. a) Student’s own explanation
b) Student’s own explanation
110 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
b) c) ‘A’ grade ≈ 75%
d) Lower boundary ≈ 66%
400 Upper boundary ≈ 72%
350 e) Inter-quartile range ≈ 25%
Cumulative frequency
300
250
Topic 9 Mathematical
200
150
investigations and ICT
100 Heights and percentiles page 499
50 1. Approx. 167 cm
0 20 40 60 80 100 2. Approx. 168 cm (Note: This corresponds to
Exam mark (%) the 25th percentile not the 75th.)
c) i) Median ≈ 60% 3. Approx. 151 cm
ii) Lower quartile ≈ 52% 4. Student’s calculations could include mean,
Upper quartile ≈ 73% median, inter-quartile range and comparisons
iii) Inter-quartile range ≈ 21% with printed charts.
3. a) 5. It is likely that different cultures have
Mark (%) Frequency Cumulative frequency
different charts as some races are taller on
average than others.
1–10 10 10
11–20 30 40
Reading ages page 501
1. Possible answers include length of sentences,
21–30 40 80
number of words with 3 or more syllables, size
31–40 50 130 of type, etc.
41–50 70 200 2. Student’s choices
51–60 100 300 3. Student’s calculations
4. Students should choose articles on a similar
61–70 240 540
topic. Ignore proper nouns. Choose more than
71–80 160 700 one article from each paper.
81–90 70 770
ICT activity page 501
91–100 30 800
1.–6. Student’s data, graph and comparisons
b)
800
700
Cumulative frequency
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Exam mark (%)
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 111
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