6
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 1:
Concept of Ratio and Proportion
AIRs - LM
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
Mathematics 6
Quarter 2: Module 1: Concept of Ratio and Proportion
Second Edition, 2021
Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.
Development Team of the Module
Author: Elizabeth M. Soriano
Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Content Reviewer: Adonis M. Buton
Language Reviewer: Concepcion L. Galleso
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P III
Design and Layout Editor: Jhoanne A. Lomboy
Management Team:
Atty. Donato D. Balderas Jr.
Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, PhD, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, PhD, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Belen C. Aquino, PhD, EPS in Charge of English
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
Printed in the Philippines by:
Department of Education – SDO La Union
Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
Email Address:
[email protected]LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
6
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 1
Concept of Ratio and Proportion
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, ques-
tions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in
each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answer-
ing the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facili-
tator.
Thank you.
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
Target
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
• Expresses one value as a fraction of another given their ratio and vice versa.
(M6NS-IIa-129)
• Defines and illustrates the meaning of ratio and proportion using concrete or
pictorial models (M6NS-IIb-13)
Learning objectives
1. Define ratio and proportion.
2. Write ratio in three ways.
3. Reduce ratio to lowest form
4. Give the equivalent ratio of a given ratio.
5. Express one value as a fraction of another given their ratio and vice versa.
6. Define and illustrate the meaning of ratio and proportion using concrete or
pictorial models
Pre-Test
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer by writing your answer on
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following ratio is equal to 2 : 6 in lowest term ?
A. 2 : 5 B. 1 : 3 C. 3 : 2 D. 5 : 2
2. What is the proportion equation for the illustration below?
: :
=
A. 3 : 8 = 6 : 16 B. 6 : 3 = 12 : 6
C. 8 : 3 = 16 : 6 D. 3 : 6 = 6 : 12
3. In a basket, there are 10 apples, 5 mangoes, 10 ponkans and 15 guavas. What is
the ratio of the number of guavas to the total number of fruits in lowest term?
A. 15: 40 B. 40: 15 C. 3: 8 D. 8 : 3
4. In the word PROPORTION, what is the ratio of the number of vowels
to the number of consonant alphabets in lowest term?
A. 4: 6 B. 6: 4 C. 2: 3 D. 3: 2
1
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
____5. Which of the following is the correct illustration for 1 : 4 = 2 : 8 ?
A.
: = :
B. : = :
C. : = :
D.
: = :
6. Which of the following is NOT correct?
1 2
A. = 6 : 12 B. 20 : 50 =
2 5
3 1
C. = 6 : 14 D. 3 : 6 =
7 3
7. Which of these is NOT proportion?
A. : = :
B. : = :
C.
: = :
: = :
D.
10
8. Which is not equal to ?
20
1
A. 25% B. C. 10 : 20 D. 0.5
2
9. What is the proportion equation for the illustration below?
: = :
A. 3 : 2 = 4 : 6 B. 3 : 2 = 4 : 6
C. 2 : 3 = 4 : 6 D. 4 : 6 = 2 : 3
2
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
____10. In the illustration below, what is missing to make the two ratios
proportion?
: = :
A. B. C. D.
Jumpstart
Activity 1: Name Me!
Directions: Write the ratio of each figure. Write P if the equations form a
proportion or NP if not a proportion.
1)
=
___________ = ____________ = ____
2)
=
___________ = ____________ = ____
3)
=
___________ = ____________ = ____
4)
=
___________ = ____________ = ____
5)
=
____________ = _____________ = _____
3
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
Discover
Expressing one value as a fraction of another given their ratio
and vice versa
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities having the same units. The quantities
may be separate entities or may be different part of a whole.
Ratio can be written in different ways: word form, colon form, and
fraction form
The order of the term in a ratio must corresponds to the order of objects being
compared.
For separate entities
Example 1. Compare the number of mangoes to number of 10-peso coins and
vice versa.
Ratio of number of mangoes to number of 10-peso coins
4
word form: 4 is to 6 colon form: 4:6 fraction form:
6
Ratio of number of 10-peso coins to number of mangoes
6
word form: 6 is to 4 colon form: 6:4 fraction form:
4
For different part of a whole
Example 2. Compare the total number of objects to mangoes.
Total number of objects = number of mangoes + number of 10-peso coins
Ratio of the total number of objects to mangoes.
10
word form: 10 is to 4 colon form: 10:4 fraction form:
4
4
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
Ratio of mangoes to total number of objects
4
word form: 4 is to 10 colon form: 4:10 fraction form:
10
Even if the ratio is in fraction form, it should also be in simplest form or lowest
form.
A ratio in fraction form may be simplified by dividing both terms with its greatest
common factor (GCF)
Consider example 2:
10 5𝑥2 5
= =
4 2𝑥2 2
4 2𝑥2 2
= =
10 5𝑥2 5
Example 3: Express the ratio of 3-twenty-five centavo coins to 3-one peso coin.
Since the two quantities have
to different units, we need to make
their units the same
Therefore, the ratio is 3: 12 or
= 3 3𝑥1 1
= =
12 3𝑥4 4
=
Example 4. Express the equivalent ratio of 4:6.
Method 1. Multiply them with consecutive numbers.
4 4 16 4 5 20 4 6 24 4 7 28
x = ; x = ; x = ; x = ;
6 4 24 6 5 30 6 6 36 6 7 42
The possible equivalent ratio of 4:6 are 16:24, 20:30, 24:36 and 28:42.
Method 2. By giving their multiples.
Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, …
Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, …
The possible equivalent ratio of 4:6 are 8:12; 12:18; 16:24; 20:30; 24:36 and
28:42.
The lowest form of all the possible ratios of 4:6 is 2:3.
5
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
4 2𝑥2 2 8 2𝑥4 2 12 6𝑥2 2 16 2𝑥8 2
i.e. 6
= 2𝑥3
= 3 12
= 3𝑥4
= 3 18
= 6𝑥3
= 3 24
= 3𝑥 8
=3
Remember: A ratio must be expressed using the same unit of measurement.
Defining and illustrating the meaning of ratio and proportion using
concrete or pictorial models
Example.
Beth helps her mother sells during weekends. Mother’s recipe needs 3 eggs to
make 5 pancakes. Teresa wants to make 25 pancakes. How many eggs will she need?
In the recipe, the ratio of eggs to pancakes is 3:5. To follow the recipe, Beth’s eggs
to pancakes must also be 3:5.
Study the illustration below.
The ratio of the number of eggs to the number of pancakes is 3:5
eggs 3 6 9 15
pancakes 5 10 15 25
To make five pancakes, keeping the same ratio, Beth needs 15:25.
3 3𝑥5 15
That is = =
5 5𝑥5 25
The ratios 3 is to 5 and 15 is to 25 are equal ratios. In symbol form, we
3 15
write these as 3:5 = 15:25 or = , we call this proportion.
5 25
A proportion is an equality of two ratios. We write proportions to help us
establish equivalent ratios and solve for unknown quantities.
Using E to represent the number of eggs to make 25 pancakes Beth needs:
3 𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑠 𝐸
=
5 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑘𝑒 25 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑠
We can solve the equation for E to find the number of eggs Beth needs
by cross multiplication.
6
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
3 x 25 = 5E
3 𝑥 25
=E
5
3𝑥5𝑥5
=E
5
15 = E
Beth needs 15 eggs to make 25 pancakes.
We can tell then two ratios make a proportion by getting the product of the means
and the product of the extremes. In a proportion, the product of the means is equal
to the product of the extremes.
The “end” terms in a proportion are the extremes and the “middle terms” are the
means.
means (5 x 15) = 75
3 : 5 = 15 : 25
extremes (3 x 25) = 75
Using cross-multiplication, we get
3 15
3 x 25 = 75
5 25
5 x 15 = 75
Remember
• A ratio is a comparison of two quantities.
• To write a ratio:
✓ Determine whether the ratio is part to part or part to whole.
✓ Calculate the parts and the whole if needed.
✓ Plug values into the ratio.
✓ Simplify the ratio if needed.
• Equivalent ratios are ratios that have the same value.
𝑎 𝑐
a:b = c:d =
𝑏 𝑑
• A proportion is an equality of two ratios.
• In a proportion, the product of the means is equal to the product of the
extremes
a:b = c:d ad = bc
7
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
Explore
Activity 1: Make ME Simple!
I. Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the following ratio in colon
form. Express your answer in simplest form.
1) In a certain school, a class with 120 learners has 4 teachers.
Ratio of teachers to learners
_________ : _________ = __________
2) Twelve out of 72 passengers are tourists. Give the ratio of tourists to
passengers.
________ : ________ = ________
3) In the word MODULE, what is the ratio of vowels to all the letters in the word?
________ : ________ = ________
II. Directions: Write each expression using the same unit as ratio in colon
form. Express the answers in lowest term.
4) 4 years to 10 months
________ : _________ = _________ : __________
5) 8 kilograms to 1200 grams
________ : __________ = _________ : __________
Activity 2: Fill ME Well!
Directions: Refer to the illustration below to complete the missing term of the
proportion.
3 1
6. Stars =
6
Triangles
8
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
1
7. Rectangles =
8 2
Hearts
8
8. Hearts =
6
Triangles
4
9. Rectangles =
6
Triangles
3
10. Stars =
8 16
Hearts
Deepen
I. Directions: Read and analyze the statements. Write TRUE if the statement
is correct but if it is FALSE, change the underlined number/s,
word or group of words to make the whole statement true.
1) A proportion is an equality of two ratios. ___________________
2) If cross products are equal, the ratios are equal. _________________
3) In a proportion, the sum of the means is equal to the product of the
extremes. ________________
4) In 2:5 and 12:30 are equal ratios. _________________
5) In 4 : 7 : and 16 : 28, 4 and 28 are called means. ________________
II. Encircle the pair of ratios that are proportional. Cross out ( x ) those that
are not proportional.
1 3 5 10
6. and 9. and
6 18 9 24
4 3 3 4
7. and 10. and
7 6 6 12
2 6
8. and
5 15
9
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
Gauge
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following ratio is equal to 12 : 36 in lowest term ?
A. 2 : 5 B. 1 : 3 C. 3 : 2 D. 5 : 2
5
2. Which is not equal to ?
10
1
A. 25% B. C. 5 : 10 D. 0.5
2
3. In a basket, there are 20 apples, 10 mangoes, 15 ponkans and 30 guavas. What
is the ratio of the number of guavas to the total number of fruits in lowest term?
A. 75 : 30 B. 30 : 75 C. 5 : 2 D. 2 : 5
4. In the word MATHEMATICS, what is the ratio of the number of vowels to the
number of consonant alphabets in lowest term?
A. 5 : 7 B. 7 : 5 C. 4 : 7 D. 7 : 4
5. Which of the following is NOT correct?
1 2
A. =2:4 B. 10 : 25 =
2 5
3 1
C. = 9 : 21 D. 30 : 60 =
7 3
6. Which of these is NOT proportion?
A. : = :
B. : = :
C. : = :
D. : = :
7. What is the proportion equation for the illustration below?
: = :
A. 3 : 2 = 4 : 6 B. 3 : 2 = 4 : 6
C. 2 : 3 = 6 : 4 D. 4 : 6 = 2 : 3
10
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
____8. Which of the following is the correct illustration for 4 : 1 = 8 : 2 ?
A.
: = :
B. : = :
C. : = :
D. : = :
____9. In the illustration below, what is missing to make the two ratios
proportion?
: = :
A. B. C. D.
____10. What is the proportion equation for the illustration below?
: :
=
A. 3 : 8 = 6 : 16 B. 8 : 3 = 16 : 6
C. 2 : 3 = 16 : 3 C. 3 : 2 = 3 : 16
11
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
12
Jumpstart
Pre Test
1. P
1.b 6. d
2. NP
2. b 7. b
3. P
3. c 8. a
4. P
4. c 9. C
5. NP
5. b 10. a
Explore
Activity 1
I.
1. 30 : 1
2. 1 : 5 Gauge
3. 1 : 2 Deepen
II. 1. B
4. 24 : 5 I.
5. 20 : 3 2. A
1. True
2. True 3. D
Activity 2 3. False 4. C
1 2 4. True
1. 4. 5. False 5. D
2 3
II. 6. D
4 6 6. Encircle
2. 5.
8 16 7. C
7. Cross-out
4 8. Encircle 8. A
3. 9. Cross-out
3
10. Cross - out 9. D
10. B
Answer Key
References:
Printed Materials
Marjoseph H. Perez, Donnel P. Placer, Jaime R. Burgos, Arsenio S. Dimaranan. 2016. 21st Cen-
tury MATHletes. 1253 G. Araneta Avenue Quezon City, Philippines. Vibal Group, Inc.
Umbina, Dolores A. etal., Lesson Guides in Elementary Mathematics Grade 6, Quezon City, Book
Media Press Inc.
Merlyn P. Peñarubia, 2016. Mathematics for the New Generation, 2F 1373 E. Rodriguez, Sr.Ave.,
Brgy. Kristong Hari, 1112 Quezon City, Philippines: St. Claire Publications Corp.
Maria Carmela S. Dizon et.al., Mathematics: Learners Activity Material, Schools Division of Pa-
rañaque City, Department of Education
Yvette F. Cruz & Reverie A. Inere, 2015. Exploring Math Possibilities, Antonio Arnaiz cor. Chino
Roces Avenue, Makati City: Don Bosco Press
Internet
https://mathworksheets4kids.com
https://food.fnr.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/full-
set/2019/9/17/0/FNK_No-Milk Pan-
cakes_H_s4x3.jpg.rend.hgtvcom.826.620.suffix/1568735468237.jpeg
https://media.al.com/living_impact/photo/10753265-large.jpg
https://www.academia.edu/38517188/Workbook_on_Math_Math_Grade_6
https://www.academia.edu/38517188/Workbook_on_Math_Math_Grade_5
13
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – SDO La Union
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500
Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
[email protected]
[email protected]
14
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module1
