VOL.

XIII, ISSUE XXXXVIII, Nov to Jan 2024 MULTILOGIC IN SCIENCE ISSN 2277-7601
An International Refereed, Peer Reviewed & Indexed Quarterly Journal for Applied science
EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZERS ON ECONOMICS OF INDIAN BEAN (Lablab purpureus L.)
R. P. Singala1, B. M. Nandre2, Dhawani Patel3, Yogesh Pawar4 and V. R. Wankhade5
1
P.G. student, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, SDAU, Jagudan
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, SDAU, Tharad
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, SDAU, Jagudan
4
Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, SDAU, Deesa
5
Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, C.P. College of Agriculture, SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar
[email protected]
(MS Received: 23.11.2023; MS Revised:30.12.2023; MS Accepted:01.01.2024)
MS 3129 (RESEARCH PAPER IN HORTICULTURE,)
Abstract
The research programme entitled, “effect of biofertilizers on economics of Indian bean(Lablab purpureus L.)” was carried out during kharif
season 2020-21 at College farm, College of Horticulture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Jagudan, Dist. Mehsana,
Gujarat, India. There were twelve treatments having the various combinations of varieties (GJIB 2, GJIB 11, GNIB 22, and Arka Jay) along
with different biofertilizers (Rhizobium, PSB, Rhizobium + PSB). Treatments were replicated thrice in a randomized block design with factorial
concept. The observations were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis as per the standard procedure. Variety GJIB 11 (v2) recorded
maximum seeds per pod (5.20) and root nodules per plant at 60 DAS (31.56) and at harvest (40.28), pod length (13.13 cm) and crude protein
content (22.93 %). Application of biofertilizer Rhizobium + PSB (b3) increased root nodules per plant at 60 DAS (31.88) and at harvest (40.88)
and crude protein content (22.86 %) of Indian bean. The interaction effect of varieties and biofertilizers were found non significant for all
characters. From economic point of view, maximum gross return (5,88,640 Rs/ha), net return (4,79,449 Rs/ha) and benefit cost ratio (5.39)
were received by the treatment combination of v2b3 (Variety GJIB 11 with biofertilizer Rhizobium + PSB).
Key words – biofertilizers, Indian bean, economics, kharif.
Introduction by biofertilizers on different varieties of Indian bean (Lablab
Indian bean is one of the most ancient among cultivated legume purpureus L.)” was planned.
species and presently grown throughout the tropical regions in Asia, Material And Methods
Africa and America. Its green pods and seeds are highly nutritive in The experiment entitled, “Quality and economics as influenced by
nature and are rich in carbohydrates (6.7 g), protein (3.8 g), fat (0.7 biofertilizers on different varieties of Indian bean (Lablab purpureus
g), minerals (0.9 g), magnesium (34.0 g), calcium (210 mg), L.)” was conducted in kharif season, 2020-21, at College Farm,
phosphorus (68.0 mg), sodium (55.4 mg), iron (1.7 mg), potassium College of Horticulture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural
(74.0 mg), Sulphur (40.0 mg), vitamin A (312 IU), riboflavin (0.06 University, Jagudan (Gujarat). The experiment was comprised with
mg), vitamin C (9.0 mg), nicotinic acid (0.7 mg) and fiber (1.8 g) per two factors with four different varieties (GJIB 2, GJIB 11, GNIB 22
100 g of edible portion. (Thamburaj and Singh, 2003).Indian bean is and Arka Jay) and three levels of biofertilizers (Rhizobium culture,
an excellent drought tolerant crop to be grown in dry lands with PSB and Rhizobium culture + PSB).Plants were sown at a distance of
limited rainfall. In India, the average yield of green pods varies from 75 cm × 30 cm. Irrigation was given with drip irrigation system. RDF
96.43-153.32 q/ha (Dewangan et. al., 2018). It is a multipurpose crop was given at 25:50:00 NPK kg/ha. The mean data of five selected and
grown for pulse, vegetable and forage. It is also able to grow in a wide tagged plants were recorded on pod length (cm), number of seeds per
range of environments. The seed treatment can be done with any of pod, crude protein content (%) and number of root nodules per plant
two or more bacteria. There is no side (antagonistic) effect. The at 60 days after sowing and at harvest was subjected to statistical
important things that have to be kept in mind are that the seeds must analysis following analysis of variance technique (Panse and
be first coated with Rhizobium, Azotobacter or Azospirillum culture. Sukhatme, 1985) and the detailed economics of the treatment
When each seed gets a layer of these bacteria, then the phosphate combinations were discussed.
solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculants has to be coated as an outer Observations recorded:
layer. This method will provide a maximum number of all bacteria ECONOMICS
required for better results. Biofertilizers play an important role in The gross realization in term of rupees (Rs) per hectare was worked
increasing availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. They increase the out by considering the prevailing market price of the Indian bean
biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and enhance phosphorus under each treatment. The cost of cultivation was worked out by
availability to the crop. The seeds treated with bacterial culture of considering the expenses incurred for input (seeds, manure,
Rhizobium increase nodulation and influence yield as well as fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation etc.), cultural operations, manpower,
economize the input cost of fertilizer to some extent. It also renders electricity etc. from land preparation to final picking of each
protection against soil deterioration and environmental pollution treatment. The cost of cultivation was deducted from gross realization
caused by heavy use of chemical fertilizers. The efficient strain of to work out the net profit. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was calculated
Rhizobium can fix about 90 kg of nitrogen per hectare in one season on the basis of formula given below.
and enrich soil nitrogen (Mishra et al., 2013).Among the 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 (𝐑𝐬/𝐡𝐚)
biofertilizers, PSB possess the ability to bring insoluble phosphate in 𝐁 ∶ 𝐂 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨 =
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐑𝐬/𝐡𝐚)
soluble form by secreting organic acid which is available for plant. Results And Discussion
PSB also decomposes soil protein and produce ammonia, which may Quality parameters (Table 1 and 2)
serve as source of nitrogen for crop growth and thereby increase soil Pod length (cm)
micro flora, causes reduction in toxic substances produced by plant Maximum pod length (13.13 cm) was recorded in variety GJIB 11
pathogens. Inoculation of seeds with Rhizobium and PSB culture (v2) while minimum (7.02 cm) was recorded in variety GNIB 22
increase nodulation, crop growth, nutrient uptake and crop yield (v3).The variation in pod length could be observed to their genetic
(Shrivastava and Ahlawat, 1993).Nowadays, use of biofertilizers in characters such type of varietal differences was also reported Ananth
crops is a hot trend and it increases quality and economics without and Kumar (2018), Ro et al. (2019) and Champaneri et al. (2020) in
any adverse effects on the environment as well as soil. Many Indian bean, Singh (2000) and Anupama et al. (2016) in clusterbean,
researches on Indian bean and other leguminous crop shows that crop Choudhary et al. (2017) in black gram, Kalloo et al. (2005) and Khan
responded well to biofertilizers application. Considering the above et al. (2017) in vegetable pea, Patil et al. (1991), Lal and Rai (2011),
facts in view, an experiment “Quality and economics as influenced Patel et al. (2011) and Meena et al. (2018) in cowpea.
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An International Refereed, Peer Reviewed & Indexed Quarterly Journal for Applied science
Number of seeds per pod minimum gross return of Rs 109960 /ha, net return of Rs 729 /ha and
Significantly maximum number of seeds per pod (5.20) was observed benefit: cost ratio i.e. 1.01.
with GJIB 11 (v2). However minimum number of seeds per pod (4.13) The treatment combinations of v2b3 (variety GJIB 11 with
was recorded with variety GNIB 22 (v3). The variation in number of biofertilizer Rhizobium + PSB) resulted in the maximum gross return,
seeds per pod could be assigned to their genetic makeup of variety, net return and benefit: cost ratio. The interaction between v2b3
such type of varietal differences was also reported Singh et al. (2011), (variety GJIB 11 with biofertilizer Rhizobium + PSB) beneficial for
Ananth and Kumar (2018) and Champaneri et al. (2020) in Indian economic return to catch early market. The results are conformity
bean, Singh (2000), Kumawat et al. (2006), Singhal et al. (2014) and with those reported by Anupama et al. (2016) in cluster bean and
Anupama et al. (2016)in clusterbean, Patel et al. (2011), Pawar et al. Patel et al. (2013) in green gram.
(2016) and Meena et al. (2018) in cowpea. Conclusion
Crude protein content (%) It can be concluded that for achieving maximum quality and
Significantly maximum crude protein content (22.93 %) was economic return as well as benefit cost ratio, seed of Indian bean
observed with variety GJIB 11 (v2), which was statistically at par with variety GJIB 11 should be treated with Rhizobium + PSB @ 25 ml
variety GNIB 22 (v3). While minimum crude protein content (22.03 per kg.
%) was recorded by variety Arka Jay (v4). Significantly maximum Referances
crude protein content (22.86 %) was observed by the biofertilizer 1. Amin, A. U.; Agalodia, A. V. and Prajapti, D. B. (2014).
Rhizobium + PSB (b3) and minimum was recorded by PSB (b2) i.e. Performance of cowpea varieties on growth, yield and
22.28 %. These differences in protein content in different varieties quality parameters. Published in state seed committee
occurred due to their varying genetic makeup. The results are in close (2013-2014). CRSS, Jagudan.
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(2019) in Indian bean, Singh (2000), Anupama et al. (2016) and dolichos bean [Lablab purpureus L. (sweet)] genotypes for
Reddy et al. (2017) in cluster bean, Kalloo et al. (2005) in vegetable growth and yield in coastal region of Tamil Nadu.
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maximum crude protein content. Increase in crude protein by seed (2016). Effect of different varieties of clusterbean
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availability of nitrogen and enhanced availability of phosphorus growth, yield and quality parameters.
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Ramana et al. (2011) in French bean. These results corroborate with 4. AOAC (1995). Official methods of analysis 16th Edition
the findings of Singh et al. (2014) in cluster bean, Ramana et al. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington,
(2011) in Frenchbean, Dekhane et al. (2011), Khandelwal et al. DC.
(2012) and Senthilkumar and Sivagurunathan (2012) in cowpea. 5. Champaneri, D. D.; Patel, N. K.; Desai, C. S.; and
Number of root nodules per plant at 60 days after sowing Tandel, B. M. (2020). Economics of Indian bean [Lablab
Significantly maximum number of root nodules per plant (31.56) was purpureus (L.) Sweet] production influenced by application
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variety GNIB 22 (v3) i.e. 25.00.Significantly maximum number of nutrient. The Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension,
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due to their varying genetic makeup and suitable soil and climate of 8. Gorade, V. N.; Chavan, L. S.; Jagtap, D. N. and Kolekar,
this region. The results are in close conformity with findings of A. B. (2014). Response of green gram (Vigna radiata L.)
Tagore et al. (2013) in chick pea, Yadav et al. (2019) in cowpea, varieties to integrated nutrient management in summer
Sivakumar et al. (2013) in cowpea and green gram. Seed inoculation season. Agriculture Science Digest, 34(1): 36-40.
with Rhizobium +PSB recorded the maximum number of root nodules 9. Kalloo, G.; Rai, M.; Singh, J.; Verma, A.; Kumar, R. Rai,
per plant. It may be attributed to enhancing symbiotic activity of G. K. and Vishwanath (2005). Morphological and
Rhizobium and PSB. Due to this number and size of root nodules biochemical variability in vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.).
increased faster. Also, larger quantity of nitrogen fixation and Vegetable Science,32(1): 19-23.
enhanced availability of phosphorus increases rate of photosynthesis. 10. Karnan, M.; Senthilkumar, G.; Madhavan, S.;
This finding corroborates with the findings of Karnan et al. (2012) Kulothungan, S. and Panneerselvam, A. (2012). Effect of
and Nadeem et al. (2017) in cowpea, Tagore et al. (2013) in chick biofertilizers on morphological and physiological
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French bean, Gorade et al. (2014) in Green gram. Applied Science Research,3(5): 3269-3272.
Economics (Table 3 to 6) 11. Khan, I.; Singh, D. and Jat, B. (2017). Effects of
The results in Table 6 revealed that among the twelve treatment biofertilizers on plant growth and yield characters of Pisum
combinations, v2b3 (variety GJIB 11 with biofertilizer Rhizobium + sativum L.Advance Research Journal of Crop Improvement,
PSB) recorded maximum gross return of Rs. 588640 /ha, net return 8(1): 99-108.
of Rs 479449 /ha and benefit: cost ratio i.e. 5.39. Whereas, treatment 12. Khandelwal, R.; Choudhary, S. K.; Khangarot, S. S.;
combination v3b2 (variety GNIB 22 with biofertilizer PSB) recorded Jat, M. K. and Singh, P. (2012). Effect of inorganic and
biofertilizers on productivity and nutrients uptake in cowpea
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An International Refereed, Peer Reviewed & Indexed Quarterly Journal for Applied science
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26(1): 63-64. quality traits. Journal of Pharmacognosy and
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(2013). Role of Bio-Fertilizer in Organic Agriculture: A Indian Journal of Agronomy, 40: 630-635.
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Singh, B.; Kumar, N.; and Pandey, S. (2018). Influence of during summer season unpublished M.Sc. (Agri.) thesis
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cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in acidic soil of 29. Singh, P. K.; Rai, N.; Lal, H.; Bhardwaj, D. R.; Singh, R.
NEH region of India. Legume Research: An International and Singh, A. P. (2011). Correlation, path and cluster
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pp : 136. of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)cultivars to
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Asian Journal of Horticulture, 6(1): 56-59. Thamizhmani, R. (2013). Comparative effect on bacterial
20. Patel, R. D.; Patel, D. D.; Chaudhari, M. P.; Surve, V.; biofertilizers on growth and yield of green gram (Phaseolus
Patel, K. G. and Tandel, B. B. (2013). Response of radiata L.) and cow pea (Vigna siensis Edhl.). International
different cultivars of greengram to integrated nutrient journal of current research and academic review, 1(2) pp.
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21. Patil, N. K. B.; Kamannavar, P. Y. and Biradar, D. P. N. (2013).Effect of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing
(1991). Performances of cowpeavarieties at two inter row bacterial inoculants on symbiotic traits, nodule
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(2016). Varietal performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata and Spices”, Directorate of Information and Publication of
L.) against growth, seed yield and quality attributes. Eco. Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi, pp. 214-216.
Env. and Cons., 22(3): 579-582. 34. Yadav, A.; Ramawat, N. and Singh, D. (2019). Effect of
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(2011). Effect of bio fertilizers on growth, yield and quality parameters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.).
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Pandravada, S. R. (2017). Mean performance of cluster

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Table 1: Response of varieties of Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L.) along with biofertilizers on quality parameters

Pod length Number of seeds Crude protein Number of root nodules per plant
Treatment
(cm) per pod content (%) At 60 DAS At harvest
v1 8.02 4.40 22.23 28.61 37.33
v2 13.13 5.20 22.93 31.56 40.28
v3 7.02 4.13 22.87 25.00 34.78
v4 7.38 4.27 22.03 27.94 36.67
S.Em.± 0.22 0.11 0.16 0.81 1.19
C.D. at 5% 0.62 0.31 0.45 2.29 3.39
b1 8.94 4.48 22.41 28.21 36.92
b2 8.73 4.39 22.28 24.75 34.00
b3 9.00 4.64 22.86 31.88 40.88
S.Em.± 0.19 0.10 0.14 0.70 8.03
C.D. at 5% NS NS 0.39 1.99 2.94
C.V. % 7.31 7.37 2.09 8.55 9.59
Table 2: Interaction effect of varieties and biofertilizers of Indian bean (Lablab purpureusL.) on quality parameters
Number of seeds Crude protein Number of root nodules per plant
Treatment Pod length (cm)
per pod content (%) At 60 DAS At harvest
v1b1 8.02 4.35 22.21 29.33 37.50
v1b2 8.01 4.28 22.18 24.50 33.67
v1b3 8.04 4.57 22.31 32.00 40.83
v2b1 13.11 5.16 22.87 30.83 39.33
v2b2 13.10 5.05 22.78 27.50 36.00
v2b3 13.18 5.40 23.14 36.33 45.50
v3b1 7.25 4.16 22.89 25.17 34.17
v3b2 6.45 4.07 22.58 21.50 32.50
v3b3 7.36 4.17 23.12 28.33 37.67
v4b1 7.39 4.25 21.65 27.50 36.67
v4b2 7.35 4.16 21.56 25.50 33.83
v4b3 7.40 4.40 22.87 30.83 39.50
S.Em.± 0.38 0.19 0.27 1.40 2.06
C.D. at 5% 1.07 0.55 0.77 3.97 5.88
C.V. % 7.31 7.37 2.09 8.55 9.60
Table 3: Cost of cultivation of Indian bean and other details of operational cost
Sr. Value or Cost
Particular Unit Cost Rs/unit Quantity
No. (Rs ha-1)
[A] PRE SOWING OPERATION
1 Ploughing (by tractor) hrs 600 6 3600
2 Planking (by tractor) hrs 600 4 2400
[B] Non-labour input
1 Fertilizer application
FYM (25 t/ha) Ton 1000 25 25000
Urea Kg 5.9 54.35 321
SSP Kg 8 312.5 2500
2 Irrigation charges (Drip) hrs 300 18 5400
[C] Labour input
1 Field preparation MD 260 15 3900
2 Sowing of seed MD 260 12 3120
3 Fertilizer application MD 260 6 1560
4 Gap filling (2 times) MD 260 12 3120
5 Weeding (4 times) MD 260 24 6240
6 Inter culturing MD 260 10 2600
7 Plant protection measure - - - 11500
8 Harvesting cost (10 times) MD 260 120 31200
[D] Land revenue - 50 1 50
[E] Total fixed cost 102511
Table 4: Treatment wise variable cost Rs/ha of supplemented materials
Treat. Treatment wise cost
No. Seed cost Rhizobium PSB Total Cost Rs/ha
(Rs) (Rs) (Rs)
v1b1 6500 60 - 6560
v1b2 6500 - 120 6620
v1b3 6500 60 120 6680

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v2b1 6500 60 - 6560
v2b2 6500 - 120 6620
v2b3 6500 60 120 6680
v3b1 6600 60 - 6660
v3b2 6600 - 120 6720
v3b3 6600 60 120 6780
v4b1 7500 60 - 7560
v4b2 7500 - 120 7620
v4b3 7500 60 120 7680
Note: Rate of various items
FYM cost @ Rs 1000 per ton
Urea cost @ Rs 295 per 50 kg
SSP cost @Rs 400 per 50 kg
Rhizobium @ Rs 60 per liter
PSB @ Rs120 per liter
Table 5: Details of treatment wise cost of Indian bean crop
Variable Cost A Variable Cost B Total variable (A+B)
Treatments
Common cost (Rs) Cost of nutrient sources (Rs) (Rs)
T1 102511 6560 109071
T2 102511 6620 109131
T3 102511 6680 109191
T4 102511 6560 109071
T5 102511 6620 109131
T6 102511 6680 109191
T7 102511 6660 109171
T8 102511 6720 109231
T9 102511 6780 109291
T10 102511 7560 110071
T11 102511 7620 110131
T12 102511 7680 110191
Table 6: Economics of the various treatment combinations
Treatments Total cost of Yield per hectare (kg) Gross income Net income Benefit Cost
cultivation (Rs/ha) (Rs/ha) Ratio
(Rs/ha)
T1 109071 12197.33 487893 378822 4.47
T2 109131 11506.00 460240 351109 4.22
T3 109191 12888.67 515547 406356 4.72
T4 109071 14090.33 563613 454542 5.17
T5 109131 12921.67 516867 407736 4.74
T6 109191 14716.00 588640 479449 5.39
T7 109171 2979.33 119173 10002 1.09
T8 109231 2749.00 109960 729 1.01
T9 109291 3127.67 125107 15816 1.14
T10 110071 10996.00 439840 329769 4.00
T11 110131 10287.67 411507 301376 3.74
T12 110191 11489.67 459587 349396 4.17

NAAS Rating – 04.17 75