3

4
About this course

This Self-Study Course is designed and laid out in a way that will
guide student learning much in the same way that an instructor
would. Starter students can lack confidence and might not have
studied a language formally before. Here is
a carefully staged self-study course which takes learners
step-by-step from presentation to practice. Go slowly through the
material exercise by exercise, making sure you understand each
point before moving on.
The course consists of twelve sessions that cover different skills.
It is filled with exercises for the learners to do, and it provides the
correct answers after each exercise.

5
 In this unit you are going to learn:

Grammar: have to/had to: positive and negative; questions

and short answers; Present Continuous and Present Simple;
activity and state verbs
Vocabulary: employment, word building: noun endings
Speaking: asking and answering questions about what you
have to do in your job
Reading: letters about unemployment
Writing: about your job
Everyday English: talking about your job

Employment
Match these phrases with the correct definition.

my own office a company car a good salary job security

friendly colleagues a good boss long holidays

_______________________ : a lot of money for doing your job

_______________________ : nice people to work with
_______________________ : an office only for me
_______________________ : a lot of days off a year
_______________________ : a good manager

104
............................................ : when you know you’ll have the job
for a long time
...................................... : a car that is paid for by your company

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Employment
Match these phrases with the correct definition.

opportunities for promotion flexible working hours sick

pay lots of responsibility opportunities for travel on-the-job
training holiday pay

..........................: you can choose when you start and finish work
.......................................... the chance to travel as part of your job
.............................: the chance to get a better job in the company
...............................................: you get paid when you’re on holiday
...............................................................: you get paid when you’re ill
......................................: the company you work for teaches you
how to do the job
...........................................................: it is your duty to get certain
things done

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

105
 Look at photos A-C. Who is:
a paramedic? an interpreter? a football referee?

an interpreter Rick

a paramedic Lorna

a football referee Bernie

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

106
 Listen and match sentences 1-3 to the photos A-C.

1. I had to study a lot and do on-the-job training for three years,

but I didn’t have to pay for it - the government did..............................
2. You don’t have to go to college, but you have to do a special
course ........................
3. You usually have to have a degree in languages...............................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

have to/had to: positive and negative

Match the phrases in bold in the previous exercise to these

meanings.
a. This is necessary. ……………….....................…................................
b. This is not necessary..................................................
c. This was necessary in the past. ………………….................
d. This wasn’t necessary in the past.....................................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

107
 Fill in the gaps with have to, don’t have to, has to and doesn’t
have to. Which verb form follows have to?

POSITIVE (Present Simple)

I/You/We/They _______________________ do a course.
He/She ________________________________ do a course.
NEGATIVE (Present Simple)
I/You/We/They ________________________ pay for it.
He/She _________________________________ pay for it.
We use …………….................................………. after have to.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Fill in the gaps with had to, didn’t have to, infinitive.

PAST SIMPLE
We make positive sentences with:

had to + infinitive

l/You/He/She/We/They _______ do a course.

We make negative sentences with:

didn’t have to+ infinitive

l/You/He/She/We/They _____________ pay for it.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

108
 Read about Bernie’s training. Fill in the gaps with thecorrect form
of have to.

You 1 don’t have to (not) go to college, but you 2 have to do a

special course. The good thing is you 3 ______________ (not)
pay very much for the course. But it’s a lot of work. A referee 4
______________ know everything about the laws of the game.
That means you 5
_______________ learn 130 pages of rules.
When I did my course eight years ago, we 6____________ do
practical and written exams. I’ll never forget my first practical
exam. I 7_______________ (not) referee for 90 minutes, only the
first half of a match. I was terrified because I 8_________________
give a player a red card after only five minutes. He wasn’t
happy about it! But dealing with angry footballers is something
a referee 9 _______________learn very quickly. A referee10
_______________________ (not) be super-fit like a footballer, but
he 11______________ run for 90 minutes and he 12 _______________
practise running backwards. That’s really difficult! I love my job,
but people never remember the good decisions I make, only the
bad ones.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Read about Bernie’s training again. Answer these questions.

1. What does a football referee have to learn?

…………………………………………………..
2. Do football referees have to pay a lot for their training?
…………………………………………………..

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3. Did Bernie have to do any written exams?
…………………………………………………............
4. What did he have to do when he refereed his first match?
…………………………………………………............
5. What does a referee have to practise?
………………………………………………….............

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

have to/had to: questions and short answers

How do we make questions with have to in the Present Simple and

Past Simple?

question
auxiliary subject have to infinitive
word

Where I have to go?

PRESENT
SIMPLE What he/she have to study?

When they have to leave?

What you have to study?

PAST
SIMPLE Why he/she have to go?

Who they have to call?

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

110
 Match the short answers to these Yes/No questions.

1. Do you have to go to college?

2. Does he have to be fit?
3. Did she have to do any exams?

a. Yes, she did./ No, she didn’t.

b. Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.
c. Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.

Now,et’s listen and check your answers.

Make questions about Rick and Lorna with the correct form of
have to in the Present Simple or Past Simple.

1. What / Rick / learn to do at the beginning of his course?

What did Rick have to learn to do at the beginning of his course?
2. Why / interpreters / work in pairs?
……………………………………………………………………..
3. How many words / an interpreter / translate in 30 minutes?
……………………………………………………………………..
4. / you / go to university to become a paramedic?
………………………………………………………………………
5. What’s the main thing a paramedic / do?
……………………………………………………………………..
6. What / Lorna / do yesterday?
……………………………………………………………………..

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

111
 Speaking & Writing

Choose a job, your own job or a job you would like to do.
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about your jobs.
.....................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
Write a paragraph about your job and check it with your teacher.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Match these words/phrases with their definitions.

unemployment benefit apply for a job a CV have some

experience an application form earn

_____________________: a document you write that describes your

qualifications and the jobs you have done
_____________________: ask a company to give you a job, usually
by writing a letter or filling in a form
_____________________: a form from a company that you fill in when
you want to apply for a job
_____________________: money you get from the government
when you are unemployed
_____________________: get money for doing work
_____________________: you have done the same or similar work before

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

112
 Put these phrases in order. There is more than one possible
order.

find a job
write a CV
go for an interview
lose your job
look for a job
apply for a job
fill in an application form
be unemployed
get unemployment benefit
earn a lot of money
have some experience

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Reading
Read the letter. Why is Bonnie unemployed?

Bonnie is unemployed because she hasn’t got any experience and

companies always say they want people with experience.

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 Getting nowhere

Dear Sir
My daughter, Bonnie, left school two months ago and now
1
................................for her first job. The problem is that companies
always say they want people with experience, but how can she get
experience if nobody gives her a job? 2 ...................... online every day
and looks at the job adverts, but there’s nothing for people like her.
At the moment 3 .......................... some cleaning for our neighbours to
earn a bit of money, but 4 ...................................................... a real job.
Mr J Melton
Manchester

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Reading
Read the letter. Why is Harry unemployed?

Harry is unemployed because people think he’s too old.

Experience doesn’t count

Dear Sir
I read your report on unemployment in yesterday’s paper and
5
...................................... to tell you how it feels to be unemployed.

114
I’m 54 years old and I worked for an engineering company for
17 years until it closed down four months ago. 6 ........................
for every job I can, but 7 ............................ an interview because
8
.........................think I’m too old - it’s very frustrating. I’ve got a
lot of experience in engineering and I want to work. I just need
someone to give me a chance.
Harry Thompson
Preston

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Read the letters again. Tick the true sentences. Correct the false
ones.

a. Bonnie left school three months ago. two ....................................

..b. She’s looking for her second job....................................................
c. She looks at the job adverts online twice a week.............................
d. She’s cleaning her neighbours’ house at the moment.....................
e. Harry worked for the same company for seventeen years............
f. He lost his job two months ago...........................................................
g. He goes to a lot of interviews......................................................
h. He knows a lot about engineering.................................................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

115
 Match phrases 1-8 in the letters to these meanings. There
are two phrases for each meaning

We use the Present Continuous for things that:

a. are happening at the moment of speaking.
she’s doing - ………..............…..
b. are temporary and happening around now, but maybe not at
the moment of speaking. …........…......…. - …...............…….
We use the Present Simple for:
a. daily routines and things we always/sometimes/
never do. ……..........…...….. - ……................………
b. verbs that describe states (be, want, have got, think, etc.)
……........................….. - ….................………….

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Do these verbs describe activities (A) or states (S)? Do we

usually use state verbs in the Present Continuous?

play ............ like ............... work ............

believe ............ remember .............. understand ............

hate ............ know ............... write ............

eat ............ run ............... do ............

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

116
 Activity and state verbs
Rules

Activity verbs talk about activities and actions. We can use

activity verbs in the Present Simple and the Present
Continuous: He plays football every day. He’s playing
football now.
Typical activity verbs are: play, work, write, eat, run and do.
State verbs talk about states, feelings and opinions. We
don’t usually use state verbs in the Present Continuous (or
other continuous verb forms): I like him. Not I’m liking him.
Learn these common state verbs.
be have (got) like love hate know remember understand
think agree believe want need

TIP Some verbs can be both activity verbs and state verbs:
I’m having a shower.(activity); He has three children. (state).

Put the verbs in Harry’s email in the Present Continuous or

Present Simple. Where is he working now?

Hi Frank
Good news – I 1’ve got (have got) a new job! 2 __________________
you ____________ (remember) that letter I wrote to the paper? Well,
the manager of a local engineering company read it and offered
me a job! The company3 ____________ (make) parts for cars and they
4
___________________ (sell)

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them to companies in Europe. They 5 _________________ (do) very
well at the moment but they 6 _________________ (want) to get more
business and now they 7 ______________ (try) to sell to companies in
the USA. I 8________________ (like) having lots of responsibility and
I 9 _________________ (have) two or three meetings with customers
every week. I 10
________________ (not work) now - it’s my lunch
break - so I11__________________ (write) a few emails to my friends
to tell them my news. I usually12 __________________ (work) quite
long days but I13 ________________ (not work) at the weekend.
Anyway, I have to go - the phone 14
____________________ (ring).
Harry

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Word building: noun endings

Look at this table. How do we make the nouns?

Complete the ending column.

verb noun ending

collect collection -ion
act actor ....................
assist assistant ....................
clean cleaner .....................
improve improvement ....................
test test ....................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

118
 Look at these words. Are they nouns (N), verbs (V) or both
(NV)?

decision N examine V interview NV

interviewer cook decide

examination argument visit

discussion employ information
visitor guitarist discuss
argue politician examiner

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Choose the correct words.

1. When did you last have a job interview/interviewer?

2. Have you got a big collect/collection of DVDs?
3. Do you ever argue/argument with your friends?
4. What was the last important decide/decision you made?
5. Do people in your family discuss/discussion politics a lot?
6. What’s the best way to improve/improvement your English,
do you think?

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

119
 In this unit you are going to learn:

Grammar: will/might with predictions, –ed and –ing adjectives, be

going to with plans

Vocabulary: the environment, collocations

Speaking: talking about yourself using –ed and –ing adjectives

Reading: about TVs; future plans after retirement

Writing: about your plans, hopes and ambitions

Everyday English: asking for opinions, agreeing and disagreeing

The environment
Match these words/phrases to their definitions.

the Earth protect green energy a rainforest

the environment wildlife produce

…………............................……: stop something dangerous or bad from

happening to a person or thing
………..........................………: the air, water, forests, etc. where people,
animals and plants live
…………..........................……: a forest with a lot of tall trees in a tropical
area where it rains a lot

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……….........................………: animals, birds and plants in the natural
place where they live
………….........................……: the planet that we live on
…….........................…………: make, grow or take something from the
earth
………..........................………: energy that comes from the sun, wind,
water, the sea, etc.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

The environment
Match these words/phrases to their definitions.

increase pollution climate change cost of living world

population cause global warming a flood

…………….................................. to make something happen, especially

something bad
………….....................................… chemicals in the air or water that are
dangerous for people or animals
……………........................….. when a lot of water covers a place that is
usually dry
…………….................…. the increase in temperature around the world
caused by pollution and gases from burning oil, coal, gas, etc.
……………...................…. the change in the weather around the world
because of global warming

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…………...............….….: the number of people living in the world
…………...............….….: become bigger in number or quantity
……………...............….: the amount of money a person needs to pay for
food, travel, accommodation, etc.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Fill in the gaps in the diagram with these words/phrases

about the environment.

the environment - the environment

........................................... - the world
............................................ protect - population
.............................................. - pollution
- food
- rainforests
food
- the cost of living
........................................... produce - oil and gas
............................................
- floods
- green energy
pollution - wildlife
........................................... - global warming
............................................ cause - the planet
.............................................. - climate change
- the Earth

Is increasing the world

population

122
 Look at these sentences. Tick the ones that you think are true
for your country.

1. The cost of living is increasing.

2. There is more pollution than there was 10 years ago.
3. Most people want to protect wildlife and the environment.
4. My country produces most of its own food.
5. There are more floods than there were 10 years ago.
6. Our country produces more green energy than it did 10 years
ago.
Work in groups. Discuss the sentences.

Listen to an interview with Dr Andrew Scott, an expert on the

environment. Tick the things he talks about.

1. the world population in 2030

2. the world population in 1930
3. the number of people over 65
4. cities in the future
5. food and water
6. global warming and climate change
7. green energy
8. protecting wildlife
9. protecting rainforests

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

123
 Listen again. Which of these sentences does Dr Scott think
are true about the year 2030? Correct the false sentences.

1. The planet will be very crowded........

2. There will be about 8.2 billion people on the planet..........
3. China will have a bigger population than India...........
........................................................................................................................
4. We might have 10 cities with populations of over 20 million.
..............................................................................
5. It won’t be easy to produce food for everybody............
6. Green energy will be very important...........

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

will for prediction; might

Look again at the sentences in in the previous exercise. Then

answer the questions.
1. Do we use will to predict the future or talk about personal
plans? ....................................................................................................................
2. Which verb form comes after will?.......................................................
3. What is the negative form of will?..........................................................
4. Which verb do we use to say will possibly?.........................................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

124
 will for prediction ; might. Read the rules.

1. We use will + infinitive to predict the future:

2. I think our planet will be very crowded.
3. The negative form of will is won’t:
4. It won’t be easy to produce food for everybody.
5. We use might to say will possibly:
6. We might have 100 cities with populations of over 20 million.
TIPS
• Will and might are the same for all subjects (I, you, he,
she, it, we, they).
• We usually write ’II after pronouns and will after names:
I’ll speak English fluently. Lenny will be famous one day.
• We also use will for offers: ll’help you with the shopping.
and promises: I’ll do it tomorrow.

Make questions with these words. What are the positive and
negative short answers to these questions?

1. use / more people / green energy / Will ?

Will more people use green energy?
Yes, I’ll help you. / No, they won’t.
2. more people/ Do you think / green energy / use / will ?
Do you think more people will use green energy? Yes, I do. /
No, I don’t.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

125
 Questions and short answers

We make questions with:

1. (question word) + will + subject + infinitive
2. What will our world be like in 2030?
3. Where will all these people live?
4. Will more people use green energy?
5. Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.
TIPS • We often use Do you think... ? to make questions with
will: Do you think more people will use green energy?
• The short answers to all Do you think... ? questions are:
Yes, I do. and No, I don›t.
• We can also use might in short answers:
A: Do you think you’ll see John tomorrow?
B: (Yes,) I might.

Look at these other ideas about the year 2030. Write

sentences you think are true. Use will, won’t or might.

1. water / be more expensive than oil

I (don’t) think water will be more expensive than oil.
Water won’t/might be more expensive than oil.
2. most people / live in cities
.......................................................................................................................................
3. all our homes / use green energy
......................................................................................................................................

126
4. most people in the world / speak Chinese
.......................................................................................................................................
5. children / have all their lessons online
.......................................................................................................................................
6. people / have computers inside their heads
......................................................................................................................................
7. air travel / be too expensive for most people
......................................................................................................................................
8. most people / have 3D TVs in their homes
.......................................................................................................................................

Asking for opinions, agreeing and disagreeing Look at these

phrases. Are they ways of: 1 asking for opinions, 2 agreeing
or 3 disagreeing?

A What do you think, (Mike)? 1

B I agree (with John).
C I’m not sure about that.
D I’m sorry, I don’t agree.
E Maybe you’re right.
F What about you, (Ann)?
G Do you think (we should use green energy)?
H No, definitely not.
I Yes, I think so.

127
J Do you agree (with that)?
K Yes, definitely.
L No, I don’t think so.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Look at these sentences. Think of reasons why you agree or

disagree with them.

1. School holidays are too long.

2. All children should do some sport at school.
3. All children should learn to cook at school.
4. Exams are the best way to find out what students know.
Work in pairs. Take turns to ask your partner for his/her
opinion on these sentences. Respond with phrases from the
previous exercise. Continue the conversation if possible.

Do you think school

holidays are too long?

Yes, definitely. They should be

shorter. What do you think?

I’m not sure about

that. I think that ...

128
 Read the article and answer the questions.
Kill your TV

Could you live without TV for a week? That’s what millions of people
do every April and September as part of TV Turn off Week, which
is organised by anti-television groups around the world like NoTV.
com and White Dot.
“Sure, TV programmes can be exciting or relaxing, especially when
you’re tired at the end of the day,” says Rudy Matthews from NoTV.
com, “but most of the time TV is just boring. We want people to
turn off the TV for a week and do something more interesting
instead.” You may be surprised by how much television we watch.
The average American family watches TV for 6 hours and 47
minutes every day and British men watch about 27 hours a week
(British women watch ( only 24 hours) This means we spend over
ten years of our lives watching TV - what a frightening thought!

Kill your TV

Many parents are annoyed at the amount of TV advertising aimed at

children and they’re worried about the effect of television violence.
Children in the USA watch 20,000 ads every year, and they see
40,000 murders on TV before they’re 18. Teacher Julianne Wells

129
that’s very worrying.”
TV Turnoff Week started in the USA in 1994 and it now happens
twice a year in countries all over the world. More than 70 million
people have turned off their TV for a week - so why don’t you do
the same?
thinks this is a problem. “American kids spend more time watching
TV than in school, and I think the same?

Answer these questions.

1. How much TV does a typical American family watch every day?

……………………….................................................................................................................
2. Who watches more TV in the UK, men or women?
……………………..………..........................................................................................................
3. How many ads do American children see on TV every year?
………………………..................................................................................................................
4. How many TV murders do they see before they’re 18?
……………………………….........................................................................................................
5. What is TV Turn off Week, do you think?
……………………………….........................................................................................................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

130
 -ed and -ing adjectives

Look at the adjectives in bold in the article, then complete the

rules with -ed or -ing.
We use _______________ adjectives to describe how people feel.
We use ___________ adjectives to describe the thing, situation,
place or person that causes the feeling.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

TIP
• People can be bored or boring and interested or interesting:
Anna was bored because Mark was boring.

Complete the adjectives with -ed or -ing.

1. Were you surprised by anything in the article?

2. Which TV programmes do you think are really bor___________ ?
3. What’s the most frighten_____________ film you’ve ever seen?
4. When did you last feel really tir_____________ ?
5. What’s the most excit_____________ holiday you’ve ever had?
6. Are you interest_________________ in sport?
7. Do you have any annoy_________________ habits?
8. When you were a child, what were you worri__________ about?
9. What’s the most relax___________ way to spend the weekend?

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

131
 Speaking

Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in the previous

exercise. Ask follow-up questions if possible.
.......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
Tell the class two things about your partner.

Sami thinks the most relaxing way to spend

the weekend is watching DVDs in bed.

Collocations Choose the correct verbs in these collocations.

1. take/make photos
2. live/leave abroad
3. make/move house
4. say/write a blog
5. get/have a fantastic time
6. spend/give time doing (something)
7. learn/want how to do (something)
8. make/do a course in (something)

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

132
 Look at photos A-C. Match the people to their plans for when
they retire (1-3).

1. We’re going to drive across the B

USA. We’re planning to spend about
six months travelling and I’m sure we’ll
have a fantastic time.

Heidi

A
2. I’m hoping to retire before I’m 50,
but I’m not going to stay in this country.
I want to live abroad, somewhere that’s
hot all year.

Derek

3. I’m looking forward to spending C

more time in the garden. I’m thinking of
doing a course in wildlife photography
and I’d like to go to Africa next year.
Ryan Meryl

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

133
 be going to; plans, hopes and ambitions

Look at these sentences. Then answer questions 1-3.

We’re going to drive across the USA.
I’m sure we’ll have a fantastic time.
1. Do both sentences talk about the future?
.............................................................................................................................
2. Which is a prediction? Which is a plan?
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
3. Which verb form comes after be going to?
............................................................................................................................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

be going to (Negative)

We use be going to + infinitive to talk about future plans: We’re

going to drive across the USA.
We use will + infinitive to talk about future predictions: I’m sure
we’ll have a fantastic time.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE

subject be ( + not) going to infinitive

I ’m/ ’m not going to stay in the country.

You/ We/ They ’re/ aren’t going to drive across the USA.

He/ She ’s/ isn’t going to write a blog.

134
 be going to (WH- Questions)

Question be subject going to infinitive

word

When I going to see you again?

am

What are you going to do tomorrow?

am is he/ she going to live?

am are we/ they going to move house?

be going to (Yes/No Questions and short answers)

Are you going to live abroad?

Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
Is she going to retire soon?
Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.
Are they going to move house?
Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.

TIP
With the verb go, we usually say: I’m going to Turkey, not I’m
going to go to Turkey, but both are correct.

135
 Plans, hopes and ambitions

Find these phrases in 1-3 (people’s plans when they retire). Which
verb form comes after each phrase: the infinitive with to or
verb+ing?
a. We’re planning..................................................................................
b. I’m hoping.............................................................................................
c. I want .....................................................................................................
d. I’m looking forward to......................................................................
e. I’m thinking of......................................................................................
f. I’d like........................................................................................................

Now,let’s listen and check your answers.

Answer these questions.

1. Which phrase in the previous exercise means ‘I’m excited about

this and I’m going to enjoy it when it happens’?.............................
2. Which is more certain: I’m planning ...................................
or I’m thinking of............................................ ?
3. Which is less certain: I’m going to......................................
or I’m hoping ......................................................... ?

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

TIPS
• We can also use it or a noun after I’m looking forward to:
I’m looking forward to it/my holiday.
• We can also use I’d love to talk about future plans and
ambitions: I’d love to travel around the world.

136
 Complete paragraphs 1-3 with the correct form of the verbs
in the boxes, then guess who said this.

buy visit write drive

1. We’re going to a buy a camper van and b____________ from San

Francisco to New York. We’re hoping c___________ some old friends
on the way, and Meryl’s thinking of d____________ a blog about our
journey.

get up learn spend buy

a
2. I’m planning ______________ a house by the sea, either in
b
Thailand or Barbados, and I’m looking forward to _____________
c
late every day. I’m hoping ______________ every afternoon at the
d
beach and I’d like ___________ how to dive.

meet go buy learn

3. I’m going to a ................... a new camera and I’m looking forward

b
to ......................... how to take photos of animals in the wild. I’m
also thinking of c..................................... on holiday to Uganda. I want
d
............................................ a gorilla face-to-face.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

137
 Writing

Write six sentences about your plans, hopes and ambitions.

Use be going to and the other phrases.

..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................

138
 In this unit you are going to learn:

Grammar: Making comparisons ; Present Continuous for future

arrangements; possessive pronouns
Vocabulary: adjectives (character), prefixes for opposites
Speaking: talking about you and your friend or member of your
family
Reading: an article about teenagers
Writing: comparing two people, future arrangements

Offers, suggestions and requests

Write these headings in the correct places a-d in the table.

making suggestions making requests

making offers responding to offers

a........................................................ b................................................................

I’ll do that, if you like. Yes, that’d be great.

Shall I make some biscuits? Yes, (that’s a) good idea.
Do you want me to do that? Yes, if you don’t mind.
Can I give you a hand? No, don’t worry. Thanks anyway.

139
 c........................................................ d................................................................

Shall we start? Could you give me a hand?

Let’s decide who does what. Will you organise that?
Why don’t we ask Tom? Can you do that?

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Offers, suggestions and requests

TIPS
• After the phrases in bold we use the infinitive:
I’ll do that, if you like.
• After Do you want me ... ? we use the infinitive + to:
Do you want me to do that?
• Could you ...? is more polite than Can you ...?.

140
 Some people are planning a charity event for the WWF. Fill in
the gaps with phrases from the boxes.

Shall-I don’t mind Do you want me

why don’t good idea I’ll

1
NATALIA Shall I put up some posters in reception?
DAVID Yes, that’s a 2 ________________.
NATALIA And 3 ___________ we tell the local paper about the event?
DAVID Sure. 4 _________________ to do that?
NATALIA Yes, if you 5 ___________________.
DAVID OK, 6 _____________________ call them tomorrow.

Some people are planning a charity event for the WWF. Fill in
the gaps with phrases from the boxes.

can you don’t worry that’d be

shall I Let’s Can I

LIAM Jason, 7 can you play at our WWF charity event?

JASON Yes, of course. And 8 _____________ invite some friends too?
LIAM Yes, 9 ______________ great. Thanks a lot.
JASON 10 _________________ give you a hand with anything else?
LIAM No, 11 ___________________ . Thanks anyway.
JASON Right. 12 __________________ choose some songs to play.

141
 Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Adjectives: character Fill in the gaps with the correct

adjectives.

Mature Easy-going Aggressive Moody

Helpful Bright Ambitious Confident Honest
Considerate

……………............ people behave in an angry or violent way to other

people.
…………............… people want to be very successful or powerful.
………..........….… people are intelligent and can learn things quickly.
………............…… people are certain that they can do things well.
……….................. people are very kind and helpful.
…………............... people are very relaxed and don’t worry about
things.
……….................. people like helping other people.
……......................people always tell the truth and don’t lie.
……..................... people behave like adults, not children.
……….................. people are often unfriendly because they’re angry
or unhappy.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

142
 Adjectives: character
Fill in the gaps with the correct adjectives.

Rude Reliable Selfish Polite Tidy

Sensible Organised Talented Patient

…....................... people plan things well and don’t waste time.

….....................… people don’t get angry when they have to wait for
something to happen.
..…...................... people show respect for other people and aren’t
rude to them.
…..................…… people always do things that they promise to do.
…........................ people behave in a way that makes other people
feel bad.
…................…… people usually only think about themselves, not
other people.
…..................……people make good decisions based on reasons, not
how they feel.
…....................... people are naturally good at something.
…..…................... people always put things in the right place.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

143
 Which adjectives have: a positive meaning (P) ? a negative
meaning (N) ?

aggressive N ambitious P bright

confident considerate easy-going

helpful honest mature

moody organised patient

polite reliable rude

selfish sensible talented

tidy

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Reading

A. Look at the headline in the article. Who is ‘the enemy’, do you

think? Read the first paragraph only and find out.

LIVING WITH THE ENEMY

People often say that living with teenagers is worse than living
with any other age group. But is this true? We talked to two
parents with teenage children to find out.

144
B. Read about Polly Cooper’s family. Who is easier to live with,
Debbie or Milly? Why?
.......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Polly Cooper

Of course, it can be really difficult living with teenagers;

sometimes they’re rude and they can be quite aggressive. But it
isn’t only their age, it’s also the type of people they are. My two
daughters are very different.

Debbie’s a typical moody fourteen-year-old and I think she’s more

selfish than Milly. I have to be much more patient with her. But
Debbie’s got her good points too. She’s a lot tidier than Milly and
she’s also more organised. School work is easier for Debbie so
her exam results are better. She’s also very ambitious and wants
to be a doctor.

145
Milly’s as confident as Debbie, but she has bigger problems with
school work and her exam results are usually worse. However,
Milly’s much more considerate than Debbie and she’s less moody.
Perhaps that’s because Milly’s two years older than her sister so
she’s a bit more mature.
I worry about Milly because she doesn’t know what she wants to
do when she leaves school. But I’m more worried about Debbie
because she isn’t as happy as Milly. I don’t think parents ever stop
worrying about their kids and I’ll certainly miss them both when
they leave home.

Reading

A. The enemy is ‘teenagers’.

B. Milly is easier to live with because she’s much more
considerate and a bit more mature than Debbie and she’s also less
selfish and less moody.
C. Read the article again. Tick the true sentences. Correct the
false ones.
1. Polly’s two daughters are very similar. different........
2. Debbie is doing badly at school........................................

146
3. Debbie knows what job she wants to do.............................
4. School work is quite difficult for Milly...................................
5. Milly is seventeen years old...................................................
6. Polly is worried about both of her daughters.....................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Making comparisons - COMPARATIVES

Look at the comparatives in bold in the article. How do we make

comparatives of these adjectives?
1. most one-syllable adjectives (old) add –er ( )
2. one-syllable adjectives ending in consonant + vowel +
consonant (big) double the last consonant and add –er ( )
3 . two-syllable adjectives ending in –y (easy) change the –y to i
and add –er ( )
4. two-syllable adjectives (selfish) put more before the adjective
( )
5 . adjectives with 3 syllables or more (organised) put more before
the adjective ( )
6 . the adjectives good and bad ( ) better, worse

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

147
 Making comparisons – COMPARATIVES

The opposite of more is less:

Milly’s less moody than Debbie.
When we compare two things in the same sentence we use
than after the comparative: Debbie’s more selfish than Milly.
We use a lot or much before the comparative to say there’s a
big difference: She’s a lot tidier.
Milly’s much more considerate than Debbie.
We use a bit before the comparative to say there’s a small
difference: She’s a bit more mature.
TIP • We can also use more with nouns:
He’s got more money than her.
I’ve got more free time than my brother.

Look at these sentences. Then answer questions 1-3.

A. Milly’s as confident as Debbie.

B. Debbie isn’t as happy as Milly.

1. Which sentence means the girls are different? ..........................

2. Which sentence means they are the same? ........................
3. Do we use the adjective or its comparative form with (not) as ...
as? ....................................

Now, click to check your answers. Let’s read the rules.

148
 Making comparisons – (NOT) AS + ADJECTIVE + AS

We can also use not as + adjective + as to compare two people

or things that are different:
Debbie isn’t as happy as Milly. (= Milly is happier than Debbie).
We use as + adjective + as to say that two people or things are
the same:
Milly’s as confident as Debbie. (= they are both equally
confident).
We use the adjective with (not) as ... as, not the comparative
form:
She isn’t as happy as her sister, NOT She isn’t as happier as her
sister.
We don’t use than with (not) as ... as: She’s as confident as her
sister, NOT She’s as confident than her sister.

Read about Keith Bradley’s family. Complete the article with

the adjective or its comparative form.

We’ve got two boys - Carl is eight and Bobby is sixteen. Bobby’s a
lot 1 more sensible (sensible) than his brother, so I think teenagers
are much 2 _________________ (easy) to live with than young children.

149
Bobby’s 3 _______________ (helpful) and he isn’t as 4 ______________
(selfish) as Carl. Carl is definitely less 5 ____________________
(patient) than his brother and he isn’t as 6 _____________________
(polite), but I think that’s just because he’s 7 __________________
(young). Bobby’s as
8
_______________ (easy-going) as Carl and he’s 9 ______________________
(confident) than his brother. But Carl’s a bit 10 ______________________
(bright) than Bobby and his school reports are always much
11
_________________ (good). Perhaps Bobby’s reports aren’t as
12
____________________ (good) as Carl’s because these days he’s
13
_____________________(interested) in girls than his school work!

Now,let’s listen and check your answers.

Adjectives and prefixes (un-, in-, im-, dis-)

We often use prefixes to make opposites of adjectives.

unreliable unemployed unhelpful

un- unselfish unhappy unintelligent

unambitious unfriendly unattractive
unsure unhealthy
in-
inconsiderate incorrect

im-
impatient immature impolite impossible

dis- dishonest disorganised

150
 Adjectives and prefixes (un-, in-, im-, dis-)

TIPS
• Adjectives beginning with c usually take the prefix in-: correct
->>incorrect.
• Adjectives beginning with p usually take the prefix im-:
patient ->>impatient.
• We can’t use prefixes with all adjectives. We say not (very)
bright, not unbright.
• We can use un- to make opposites of some verbs: pack >>
unpack, lock >> unlock, etc

Writing & speaking

Write six sentences to compare yourself and a friend or member

of your family. Use a lot, much, a bit, (not) as ... as and different
positive and negative adjectives.
......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Work in pairs. Tell your partner about you and your friend or
member of your family. Give more information if possible.
......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

151
 Josh and Esmay are colleagues. Listen to their conversation.
Where is each person going for his/her next holiday?

Listen again. Tick the true sentences. Correct the false ones.
1. Esmay and Ronnie are leaving on Saturday........
2. They’re getting the six o’clock train to the airport............
3. They’re staying with Ronnie’s friends for two weeks.............
4. They’re going on a cycling tour for three days..........
.......................................................................................................................................
5. They’re going to some places in a tour bus............
6. Josh is having a skiing holiday this winter.
.......................................................................................................................................

Present Continuous for future arrangements

Look at sentences 1-3 in the previous exercise. Then answer

questions a-d.
a. Do these sentences talk about the past, present or future?.............
b. Do they talk about possible or definite arrangements?.....................
c. Does Esmay know exactly when these things are
happening?....................
d. Has she booked the flight and the cycling holiday?.............................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

152
 Fill in the gaps with the Present Continuous form of the verb
in brackets.

Hi Nina
Next Friday Claire and Ben 1 are going (go) on holiday to
Dubrovnic, but they 2 _______________(not stay) in a hotel. Our friend
Felicia 3 ___________________ (meet) them at the airport and they
4
_________________ (stay) at her house. She 5 ________________
(work) next Saturday so she 6 __________________ (not go)
sightseeing with them. Carl and I 7 _______________ (arrive) late
on Friday evening. On Saturday morning I 8 __________________
(have) a massage in our hotel. And you 9 ________________ (work)
all weekend, you poor thing!
Katia

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Write questions in the Present Continuous.

1. Where / you / go / this weekend?

Where are you going this weekend?
2. What / Pam / do / on Monday?
…………………………………………………………...........................................................
3. Why / they / come / early?
…………………………………………………………...........................................................

153
4. How / we / get / to the theatre/ this evening?
…………………………………………………………...........................................................
5. What time / he / leave / for the airport?
......................................................................................................................................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Writing

Write six sentences about your future arrangements. Use the

Present Continuous.
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

154
 Possessive pronouns

Look at these sentences. Notice the possessive pronouns in

bold.
Emma Have you got any room in your suitcase?
Rose Why?
Emma There are a few things I can’t get in .......................
(= my suitcase)
Can I put them in ...............................? (= your suitcase)
What are the possessive pronouns for I, you, he, she, we, they?

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Possessive pronouns

subject possessive possessive

pronouns adjectives pronouns
TIP
We use possessive
I my mine
your yours pronouns in place of
You
possessive adjective
He his his
+ noun:
She her hers
That’s my suitcase.
It its its
That’s mine.
We our ours

They their theirs

155
 Choose the correct words.

1. A. Are these your/yours sunglasses?

B. No, those are my/mine.
2. A Is that her/hers jacket?
B. Yes, that one’s her/hers.
3. A . Is that their/theirs camera?
B. No, it’s our/ours.
4. A Excuse me. Are these books your/yours?
B. This one’s my/mine, but that one’s he/his.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

156
 In this unit you are going to learn:

Grammar: Present Perfect: since/for, How long …?, first

conditionals
Vocabulary: describing your home, everyday problems
Speaking: about something you complain about; asking and
answering questions about your friend
Reading: articles about unusual homes
Writing: a paragraph about your home
Everyday English: complaints and requests

Speaking

Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.

1. What do people complain about in hotels and restaurants?
Think of three things for each place.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
2. Have you ever complained about a hotel room, food in a
restaurant or something you bought? If so, tell your partner what
happened.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

157
 Look at these complaints. Cross out the incorrect words.
phrases.

1. The window/ room/ chair is broken.

2. The food/ TV/ shower isn’t hot enough.
3. The room/ chair/ lift is too noisy.
4. My breakfast/ newspaper/ bed/ hasn’t arrived.
5. The air conditioning/ window / remote control doesn’t work.
6. There’s something wrong with the shower/ light/ room number

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Complaints and requests Look at these sentences. Are they

complaints (C) or requests (R). phrases?

1. I’m sorry, but I’ve got a bit of a problem.............

2. I wonder if you could ask someone to fix it.............
3. I wonder if I could have some more towels, please.............
4. I’m afraid I’ve got a complaint..................
5. Could I speak to the manager, please?....................
6.Could you help me?.....................
7. I’m sorry, but I think there’s something wrong with the
shower.................
8. Would you mind sending someone to look at it, please?..............

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

158
 Look at the underlined verb forms in the previous exercise.
Then complete these phrases with infinitive or verb+ing.

1. I wonder if I/you could + _________________

2. Could I/you + _________________
3. Would you mind + ________________________

Now,let’s listen and check your answers.

TIP
I wonder if I/you could.... and Would you mind .? are more polite
than Can I/you ...? and Could I/you…?

Fill in the gaps with these phrases.

Excuse me Would you mind Could you

something wrong straight away I’m sorry

1
GUEST1 Excuse me , 2.......................................... help me?
RECEPTIONIST Yes, of course. What’s the problem?
G3 1 …………..…… , but I think there’s 4 ….………………… with the light
in the bathroom. 5 ………………….... sending someone to look at it,
please?
R Yes, of course. I’ll send someone up 6 …….........……………...
G1 Thanks very much.

Now,let’s listen and check your answers.

159
 Fill in the gaps with these phrases.

I’m sorry I’ll get a problem if you could

hot enough could I room service

7
GUEST2 ………..…........…, but I’ve got a bit of 8 .……….......…… . The
shower isn’t 9 ……….........………… . I wonder
10
……………....………… ask someone to fix it.
RECEPTIONIST I’m sorry about that. 11 …….......……….. someone to
look at it immediately.
G2 Thank you. Also, 12 ……..............……. have breakfast in my room?
R Yes, of course. I’ll ask 13 ……………………….. to call you.
G2 Thank you very much.

Now,let’s listen and check your answers.

Describing your home

Match these words/phrases to their definitions.

a view central heating fashionable spacious unusual

large close to air conditioning typical

……….........................……..: big
……….........................……..: with a lot of space
….........................…………..: different from what is normal

160
…………...........…..: similar to all the others
………...........……..: a machine in a building or a car that keeps the air
cool
………...........……..: a system of heating in a building
………...........……..: the things you can see from a place
………...........……..: popular at a particular time
……...........………..: near

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Read these sentences.Which words/phrases in bold are true

for you?

1. My house or flat is quite small/large/spacious.

2. It’s unusual/typical for the area.
3. It’s got air conditioning/central heating.
4. It’s got a balcony/a great view/a garden.
5. It’s on a busy/quiet road.
6. It’s close to/a long way from a park.
7. It’s in a nice/fashionable part of town.
8. It’s on the ground/third/top floor.

161
 Writing

Use the words and phrases from the previous exercises to write a
paragraph about your home.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

Reading

Read and listen to Angus and Meg. What do they think is the best
thing about their homes?

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Home sweet home

ANGUS I live in a lighthouse on the west coast of Scotland. Before

I moved here 1I lived in Glasgow for eight years, but I prefer
living in a lighthouse. I’m a writer and I enjoy being on my own, so
this place is perfect for me. 2I’ve lived here for six years and don’t
ever want to leave. The best thing about living in a lighthouse is
the view. You can see for miles in every direction, and the sunsets

162
are fantastic. The worst thing is the weather - it can get very cold
and windy in winter. But I’m very fit because I have to walk up
and down stairs a lot!

Home sweet home

MEG I live in a motorhome with my husband, Larry, we first met

when we were living in Houston, Texas, and 3we’ve been married
for twelve years. In Houston I was a waitress and Larry worked
in a factory, but we both lost our jobs at the same time. After
that we decided that we didn’t want to live in one place all the
time. 4We’ve lived in our motorhome since 2008 and we really
love it. It’s quite spacious and we’ve got central heating and air
conditioning, so it’s very comfortable. And the best thing about it
is that when we need to find work, we just drive to a new town!

Reading

Read and listen to Angus and Meg. What do they think is the best
thing about their homes?
Angus: the view (because you can see for miles in every direction
and the sunsets are fantastic).
Meg: when they need to find work they just drive to a new town.

163
 Read the texts again. Answer these questions.

1. Where is Angus’s lighthouse?

………………………………………………………...............................................................
2. What does he do for a living?
………………………………………………………...............................................................
3. Why is he very fit?
………………………………………………………...............................................................
4. Where were Meg and Larry living when they first met?
………………………………………………………...............................................................
5. Who worked in a restaurant, Meg or Larry?
………………………………………………………...............................................................
6. Why does she think the motorhome is comfortable?
……………………………………………………...............................................................…

Read the texts again. Answer these questions.

Look at phrases 1 and 2 in Angus’s text. Then answer questions

a-c.
a. Does Angus live in Glasgow now?...................................................
b. Does Angus live in a lighthouse now?.............................................
c. Which are the verb forms in phrases 1 and 2?
......................................................................................................................
Complete these rules with Present Perfect or Past Simple.

164
• We use the ________________________ to talk about something
that started and finished in the past.
• We use the ________________________ to talk about something
that started in the past and continues in the present.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Present Perfect with for and since

Look at phrases 3 and 4 in Meg’s text. Then fill in the gaps in the
rules with for or since.

We use _____________________ with a period of time (how long).

We use __________________ with a point in time (when something

started).

165
 Present Perfect with for and since

TIPS
• We can also use for with the Past Simple:
I lived in Germany for two years, (but I don’t live there now).
We can’t use since with the Past Simple: I lived in Germany
since 2009.
• We don’t use ago with the Present Perfect:
I’ve been married for two years, not I’ve been married-since
two years ago.
• ages = a long time: I haven’t seen him for ages.

Fill in the gaps with for or since.

1. for ten years 6. ________________ three weeks

2. since 2010 7. ________________ Saturday

3. ______________ an hour 8 .________________ I was born

4. _______________ a long time 9. ________________ ages

5. _______________ I was a child 10. _______________ ten o’clock

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

166
 Choose the correct verb forms in these sentences.Then
complete the sentences for you.

1. I lived/’ve lived in my home since ……...........................………......…

2. When I was a child I lived/’ve lived in ….....................................…….
3. I was/’ve been in this town or city since …………..............................
4. I had/’ve had my mobile phone for ………………................................
5. I was/’ve been in this English class for ……………..........................
6. I started/’ve started learning English ………..........................…ago.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Questions with How long ... ?

Look at the text about Angus again, then answer these
questions.

1. How long did Angus live in Glasgow?.....................

2. How long has he lived in a lighthouse?..................
Answer these questions.
1. Which question, 1 or 2, is in the Present Perfect?.............
2. Which is in the Past Simple?....................
3. Which question asks about where Angus lives now?.................
4. Which asks about where Angus lived before now?.....................
5. Can you answer both questions with for and since?
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

167
 Look at the questions about a friend. Fill in the gaps with the
Present Perfect or the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets.

1. What’s your friend’s name?

2. How long _____________ you _____________ him? (know)
3. Where _______________ you first ________ him? (meet)
4. Where does he live?
5. How long ______________ he ____________ there? (live)
6. Where ______________ he ____________ before that? (live)
7. Where does he work or study?
8. How long _______________ he _______________ there? (be)
9. When _______________ you last ___________________ him? (see)

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Everyday problems
Complete the phrases with the verbs in the boxes.

oversleep leave get

1. oversleep on Monday mornings

2. __________________ lost.

3. __________________ your wallet at home.

168
 run lose miss

4. ___________________ a plane/a train.

5. ___________________ your keys/mobile.

6. __________________ out of money/time.

get have forget

7. ___________________ someone’s birthday.

8 .___________________ an accident.

9 ___________________ stuck in traffic.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Listen to three conversations. What problems do the people

have?

Conversation1 ……………………………………….....................................…....
Conversation2 ………………………………………….........................................
Conversation3 ………………………………………….........................................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

169
 Match the conversations 1, 2 & 3 to these sentences.

1. If I’m late again, I’ll lose my job.

2. If we don’t leave soon, we won’t get there in time.
3. You’ll be OK if you get a taxi.
4. If we don’t get there by five, we’ll miss the plane.
5. What will we do if we’re too late?
6. If we don’t find them, I’ll take you out for dinner instead.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

First conditional

Look at these sentences. Notice the two different clauses.

If I’m late again, I’ll lose my job.
If we don’t leave soon, we won’t get there in time.
Look at the sentences again and answer these questions.
1. Do these sentences talk about the present or the future?
2. Does the if clause talk about things that are possible or certain?
3. Which verb form is in the if clause?..................................................
4. Which verb form is in the main clause?...........................................
5. Is the if clause always first in the sentence?...................................

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

170
 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1 A If you don’t hurry (not hurry), you ’II be (be) late.

B OK, I’m leaving now. I___________ (call) you if there
______________ (be) a problem.
2 A Don’t worry. If she __________________ (miss) the last bus, she
________________ (get) a taxi.
B But look at the time. If she ___________________ (not be) home by
midnight, I ______________ (start) worrying.
3 A If you __________ (not pass) these exams, you __________ (not
get) into university.
B Well, if I _________ (not get) into university, I ______ (go)
travelling instead.
Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Jim is going on a business trip. Read sentences a-e,then put

the things on the list in the order he is goingto do them.

a. I’ll pack before I go to bed.

b. I won’t leave the office until I
finish this report.
c. I’ll phone the hotel after I talk to
him.
d. As soon as I finish the report, I’ll
go to the bank.
e .I’ll call Oliver when I get home.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

171
 Future time clauses with when, as soon as, before, after, until

Look at sentences a-e in the previous exercise and answer

these questions.
Do these sentences talk about the present or the future?...........
......................................
Which verb form comes after when, as soon as, before, after
and until?................................................
Which verb form is in the main clause?........................................

TIP As in first conditional sentences, the future time clause

with when, as soon as, etc., can come first or second in the.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

Choose the correct words/phrases in the rules.

We use if/when to say we are certain something will happen.

We use if/when to say something is possible, but it isn’t
certain.
We use as soon as/until to say something will happen
immediately after something else.
We use until/after to say something starts or stops at this
time.

Now, let s listen and check your answers.

172
 Choose the correct words/phrases,then fill in the gaps with
the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I’ll probably work as soon as/until I ______________ (be) about 65.

2. I ________________ (do) my homework before/as soon as the class
finishes.
3. When/If I __________ (get) home today, I’ll probably watch TV.
4. Maybe I ___________ (phone) some friends if/after I have dinner.
5. I’ll probably read a book before/after I ____________ (go) to sleep.
6. I ________________ (study) English next year if/until I have time.

Now, let’s listen and check your answers.

173
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