CONTENT
•Introduction
•What is Polynomials?
•Degree of Polynomials
•Types of Polynomials
•Zeros of a Polynomial
•STANDARD FORM OF POLYNOMIAL
•Relationship between Zeros and Coefficient of a Polynomial
INTRODUCTION :
Polynomials are algebraic expressions that include real numbers and variables. The
power of the variables should always be a whole number. Division arid square roots
cannot be involved in the variables. The variables can only include addition,
subtraction and multiplication
Polynomials contain more than one term. Polynomials are the sum of a monomials.
A monomial has one term: 5y or - 8x ^ 2 * or * 3
A binomial has two terms: - 3x ^ 2 * 2 or 9y - 2y ^ 2
A trinomial has 3 terms: - 3x ^ 2 * 2 * 3x or 9y - 2y ^ 2 * y
The degree of the term is the exponent of the variable: 3x has a degree of 2.
When the variable does not have an exponent always understand that
there's a '1'
Example: 7x - 6 (each part is a term and x is referred to as the leading term)
WHAT IS POLYNOMIAL ?
Polynomial is made up of two terms, namely Poly (meaning “many”) and
Nominal (meaning “terms.”). A polynomial is defined as an expression which
is composed of variables, constants and exponents, that are combined using
mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division (No division operation by a variable). Based on the number of terms
present in the expression, it is classified as monomial, binomial, and trinomial.
Examples of constants, variables and exponents are as follows:
Constants. Example: 1, 2, 3, etc.
Variables. Example: g, h, x, y, etc.
Exponents: Example: 5 in x5 etc.
The degree of a polynomial is defined as the highest exponent of a monomial within a
polynomial. Thus, a polynomial equation having one variable which has the largest
exponent is called a degree of the polynomial.
Polynomial Degree Example
Example: Find the degree of the polynomial
Zero Polynomial Not Defined 6 P(x) = 6s4+ 3x2+ 5x +19
Constant 0 P(x) = 6 Solution:
The degree of the polynomial is 4 as the highest
Linear Polynomial 1 P(x) = 3x+1 power of the variable 4.
2
Quadratic Polynomial 2 P(x) = 4x +1x+1
3 2
Cubic Polynomial 3 P(x) = 6x +4x +3x+1
4 3 2
Quartic Polynomial 4 P(x) = 6x +3x +3x +2x+1
STANDARD FORM OF POLYNOMIAL
P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 +an-2xn-2 + ………………. + a1x + a0
Where an, an-1, an-2, ……………………, a1, a0 are called coefficients
of xn, xn-1, xn-2, ….., x and constant term respectively and it should
belong to real number (⋲ R).
Notation
The polynomial function is denoted by P(x) where x represents the
variable. For example,
P(x) = x2-5x+11
If the variable is denoted by a, then the function will be P(a)
Zeros of a Polynomial
*A zero of a polynomial p(x) is the value of x for which the value of p(x) is 0. If k is
a zero of p(x), then p(k)=0.
For example, consider a polynomial p(x)=x2−3x+2.
When x=1, the value of p(x) will be equal to
p(1)=12−3×1+2
=1−3+2
=0
Since p(x)=0 at x=1, we say that 1 is a zero of the polynomial x2−3x+2
Types of Polynomials
Depending upon the number of terms, polynomials are divided into the following categories:
Monomial , Binomial , Trinomial , Polynomial containing 4 terms (Quadronomial), Polynomial
containing 5 terms (pentanomial ) and so on …
These polynomials can be combined using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division but is never
divided by a variable. A few examples of Non Polynomials are: 1/x+2, x-3
Monomial Binomial Trinomial
A monomial is an expression A binomial is a polynomial A trinomial is an expression which is
which contains only one term. expression which contains composed of exactly three terms. A
For an expression to be a exactly two terms. A few examples of trinomial
monomial, the single term binomial can be considered expressions are:
should be a non-zero term. A as a sum or difference – 8a4+2x+7,4x2 + 9x + 7
few examples of monomials between two or more
are: monomials. A few examples
5x,3,6a4 ,-3xy of binomials are:
– 5x+3,6a4 + 17x,xy2+xy
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ZEROES
AND COEFFICIENT OF A POLYNOMIAL.
Linear Polynomial
A linear polynomial is an expression of the form ax + b, having 1 as the degree of the polynomial. Here, “x” is a variable, “a” and
“b” are constants.
The zero of the polynomial = -b/a = – constant term/coefficient of x.
Quadratic Polynomial
The Quadratic polynomial is an expression of the form ax2 + bx + c having the highest degree 2. Here, “x” is a variable, “a”, "b",
and “c” are constants and a ≠ 0. Let α and β be the two zeroes of the polynomial, then
The sum of zeroes, α + β is -b/a = – Coefficient of x/ Coefficient of x2
The product of zeroes, αβ is c/a = Constant term / Coefficient of x2
