Water distribution system design

report

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 Table of contents

Chapter# Page#
1. Introduction 3
2. Assumptions 5
3. Design criteria 7
4. Design of water 10
distribution system
5. Conclusions

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Chapter: 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Description of housing society:
The society’s name is “Future Vision Housing Society” which is located on left
side of Jehlum road near upper chenab. The society has 282 plots having
different sizes like 3 Marla’s, 10 Marla’s and 1 Kanal and 2 Kanal. This society
has 2 parks, school, 4 commercial areas, 3 apartments, 3 flats, dispensary, water
treatment plant, disposal station and graveyard. Society has different blocks
starting from A to M. The estimated population of the society is 6910 persons.
For the sake of proper supply of water 2 tube wells are provided in the society
with over head water reservoir (OHR) which is 20m high from the ground
surface.
1.2 Location:
The Housing Society Situated at Left side of Jehlum road near upper Chenab
canal.
1.3 Important salient features of future vision housing society:
The following are some important salient features of society:
1. Plots
2. Parks
3. School
4. Commercial center
5. Apartments
6. Flats
7. Dispensary
8. Water treatment plant
9. Disposal station
10.Graveyard
11.Mosque (Waiting for approvel)
1.4 Tube well and over head water reservoir (OHR) location :
For the sake of proper supply of water 2 tube wells are provided at central park
of the society with over head water reservoir (OHR) which is 20m high from
the ground surface.

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1.5 Number and type of residential:
The total estimated population of housing society is 6910 persons .Type of
residential are plots, flats and apartments. The total number of plots available
for inhabitants are 282 and 3 Flats and 3 apartments are also present in society
which are sufficient for these inhabitants.
1.6 Educational facilities:
School is very important for the community because without basic education we
are nothing. School is available in the society and it is for 250-300 students.
1.7 Commercial and medical facilities:
Commercial center is the center in which economic, social, cultural and
administrative services of the town are concentrated. Commercial is provided at
very prime location near the park. A dispensary is also provided for the people
of society so that they buy medicines for their treatment.
1.8 Disposal station and water treatment plant:
Water treatment plant is very necessary now a days because water contain
pathogenic micro-organisms which may affect the human life. Water treatment
plant is provided which treat the water and in this way water become pure and
good for drinking purposes. Disposal station is also provided which dispose of
all the waste of society.
1.9 Topography of the area
The surface area of the society is almost flat. The maximum reduce level is
100.8m which is at the boundary and minimum reduce level is 98.0m which is
at treatment plant. There is very small difference in levels.

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Chapter: 2
ASSUMPTIONS
2.1 Design period:
The design period of water distribution system of “Future Vision
Housing Society” is saturation time.
2.2 Per capita water consumption:
It is the amount of water that is consumed for different purposes. Generally it
is expressed in liter/capita/day (lpcd).
Per capita water consumption = 300+20(3+0) = 360 lpcd
Where Y = Sum of last two digits of my registration number.
Average day W.C : Max day W.C = 1 : 1.5
Average day W.C : Peak Hour W.C = 1: 2.25
2.3 Population of society:
Houses= 2760 persons School=250 persons
Apartment=2400 persons Flat= 1500 persons
2.4 Water requirements for society:
2.4.1 For houses:
W.C = population x per capita water consumption = 2760 x 360 = 993600 l/d
2.4.2 For apartment:
W.C= 2400 X 360 = 864000 l/d
2.4.3 For school:
W.C= 250 x 50(water consumption for school) =12500 l/d
2.4.4 For flat:
W.C= 1500 x 360 = 540000 l/d
2.4.5 For commercial area:
W.C= area x consumption = 544 m2 x 4liters/m2 /day = 2176 l/d
2.4.6 For open area: W.C= 362 l/d

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2.5 Maximum head loss per Km :
In design the assumption for maximum head loss is 10 m/km.

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Chapter: 3
Design criteria
3.1 Design flows for water distribution system:
Average day W.C : Max day W.C = 1 : 1.5
Average day W.C : Peak Hour W.C = 1: 2.25
As we have over head water reservoir so we design the tube well at maximum
day.
3.2 Design equation used :
“Hazen William” Equation is used to find out the Head loss. This head loss is
used to determine the diameters of water supply pipes.
𝟏𝟎.𝟔𝟓 𝑳
HL = 𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓
𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝑫𝟒.𝟖𝟕
Where,
H = Head loss (m/km)
Q = Discharge (m/sec)
C = Roughness Coefficient
L = Length of pipe (m)
D = Diameter of pipe (m)
3.3 Height and capacity of over head water reservoir (OHR) :
The height of over head water reservoir is 20 m from the ground surface and the
𝟏
capacity of over head water reservoir is of the average daily water
𝟏𝟎𝒕𝒉
consumption.
3.4 Total no. of tube wells installed:
There are two tube wells installed in the central park of the society. The reason
of providing two tube wells is that if one is out of operation then other provide
water to consumers.

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3.5 Types of pipes used in the scheme:
Cast Iron Pipes:
These pipes are from tube well to OHR and from OHR to node #1. The HWC
for cast iron pipe is 100.
Polyethylene pipe:
From node #1 to node #23 all the pipes that are used are polyethylene pipes.
The HWC for pipe is 140.
3.6 Diameters of pipes:
In water distribution system pipes of various diameter are used. The minimum
Diameter of the pipe is 80mm.There are no. of pipes of various diameter are
also used in this water distribution system i.e.100mm,150mm,200mm,250mm
and 300mm.The maximum diameter of pipe is 300mm.
Diameter is increasing with increment of 50mm because pipes are available in
market with this increment.
3.7 Velocity in water supply pipes:
The maximum velocity is in pipe no.20 which is 2.47m/sec and minimum
velocity is in pipe no. 29 which is 0.14 m/sec.
3.8 Pressure in pipes:
In water distribution system the minimum pressure in farthest pipe should not
be less than 15 m and max pressure should not exceed 20 m.
In this design
Max Pressure = 19.95 m
Min Pressure = 14.78 m
3.8 Cover on pipes:
Cover is provided on pipe for the safety of the pipe. For water distribution
System the pipes are installed in 1m depth of ground. This 1m depth cover is
sufficient for pipes.
3.9 Placing of valves:
Valves are provided to control of pressure and to regulate the flow. Valves are
also used to cut off supply for repair purposes. Two valves are provided at each
intersection (node) and one valve is for fire hydrant.

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3.10 Placing of fire hydrants:
Fire hydrants are used to deliver water from the main for firefighting. Fire
hydrants is provided at 1-2m from the edge of road. Outlets of hydrants should
be at least 0.5m above the road surface. Fire hydrants are generally painted in
red color for easy identification.

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Chapter: 4
Design of water distribution system
4.1 EPANET Programme:
4.1.1 Introduction to EPANET programme:
EPANET is a water distribution system modeling software package developed
by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Water Supply
and Water Resources Division. EPANET provides an integrated environment
for editing network input data, running hydraulic and water quality simulations,
and viewing the results in a variety of formats. EPANET was first appeared in
1993.
4.1.2 Salient features:
1. Hydraulic modeling:

EPANET provides a fully equipped and extended period of hydraulic

analysis that can handle systems of any size. The modeling provides
information such as flows in pipes, pressures at junctions. This helps to
compute pumping energy and cost and then model various types
of valves, including shutoffs, check pressure regulating and flow control.

2. Water quality modeling:

EPANET’s water quality modeling functionality allows users to analyze
the movement of a reactive or non-reactive tracer material which spreads
through the network over time. It rates the reactive material as is grows,
tracks the percentage of flow from the given nodes.
4.1.3 Limitations:

4.2 Procedure:
1. First of all draw the layout of water distribution system on map of
scheme.
2. Trace the pipe and nodes network on map. Represent junction of two or
more pipes with node. Represent the pipes in proper order i.e if first pipe
is on left side of road the other will be in same direction.

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3. Now represent each node with a small circle. Give number to each pipe
and node (inside the circle). Give such numbers to T/W and OHR so that
these two nodes can easily be distinguished from other network nodes.
4. Measure the lengths of pipes according to the scale and write it on paper
in the form of following table
Then draw a table in the following format:

Pipe # From node# To node# Length

3 1 2 20

Also write length of each pipe on map.

5. Allocate plots or area to each node. The allocation of plots to the nodes
should be as realistic and balanced as possible. Allocate area with
different colors in order to separate one area from another.
6. Using per capita water consumption value (lpcd), calculate avg. water
consumption at each node in liter/second.
7. Then find out total consumption of society in liter/second.
8. After finding the total consumption apply continuity equation and find
out the maximum diameter of pipe.
Q = A.V
(58.74/1000) = (3.14/4)d2 *1 Here assume velocity in pipe=0
D=273mm ~ 300mm
9. Now this 300 mm diameter is maximum diameter of pipe. Minimum
diameter of pipe is 80mm and assume all diameter in between 80-300mm
and represent diameters of pipes on map as well as on sheet

Pipe# Diameter (mm)

1 300

5 200

10.Now all input data is ready so put it into programme.

After putting all data following map will be obtain:

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 EPANET output map showing pressure at various nodes, direction of
flow and diameter of pipes.
4.3 Design input data:
1. First launch EPANET and open new project and name that project.
2. Now open options and select size of nodes, links.

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3. Now add node and draw pipes.

4. Complete the map and name pipes and nodes.

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5. After putting data run analysis.

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4.4 Design output sheet:
After run analysis the following type of sheet will obtain.

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4.5 Drawing of OHR:

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4.6 Final drawing (For contractor)

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Chapter: 5
Conclusions

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Pipe# From node# To node# Length (m) Diameter (mm)
1 100 300 26
2 300 (OHR) 1 20 300
3 1 2 33 150
4 2 10 111 80
5 2 21 38 100
6 2 3 140 80
7 3 4 39 80
8 4 5 95 80
9 4 6 39 80
10 6 7 95 80
11 6 8 34 80
12 8 9 94 80
13 10 10 40 80
14 11 11 32 80
15 11 24 112 80
16 12 12 45 80
17 12 14 112 80
18 13 13 54 80
19 24 15 112 80
20 14 24 45 100
21 14 15 54 100
22 15 16 43 80
23 16 17 38 80
24 17 18 17 80
25 18 21 155 100
26 18 19 46 80
27 19 20 157 80
28 20 21 45 80
29 20 22 60 80
30 22 23 83 80
31 23 3 23 80
32 1 24 14 150

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