Assessment 1 - Luiza Mattos Safe Design

ASSESSMENT BOOKLET – BSBWHS616
Short Answer Questions
1. What are the Principles of Safe Design?
The principles of safe design involve integrating safety considerations throughout the
entire design process. Some key principles include identifying hazards, minimizing risks,
providing clear information, ensuring ease of maintenance, and considering the entire
lifecycle of the product or system.
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2. What is a lifecycle?
A lifecycle refers to the various stages or phases that a product, system, or project goes
through from its initial conception, development, and implementation to its eventual
use, maintenance, and disposal. In the context of safe design, considering the entire
lifecycle helps address safety concerns at every stage, ensuring a comprehensive and
sustainable approach to safety.
3. (a) What is a residual risk?
Residual risk refers to the level of risk that remains after safety measures and controls
have been implemented. It represents the possibility of harm or adverse effects that still
exist despite efforts to mitigate or eliminate risks. Monitoring and managing residual
risks are essential components of effective risk management strategies.
(b) When does residual risk occur?
Residual risk occurs after safety measures and risk controls have been applied during
the design, development, or operational phases of a product, system, or process. It.
reflects the remaining level of risk that cannot be entirely eliminated.
4. In addition to core design capabilities relevant to the designer’s role, what knowledge should a
designer also have?
In addition to core design capabilities, a designer should have knowledge in areas such
as materials, manufacturing processes, user experience principles, sustainability,
regulations and standards relevant to their field, and an understanding of the broader
context in which the design will be applied.
5. What is the Hierarchy of Controls?
The Hierarchy of Controls is a systematic approach used to minimize or eliminate

exposure to hazards in the workplace. It prioritizes control methods based on their
effectiveness. The hierarchy typically consists of the following levels:
1. Elimination: Physically removing the hazard.
2. Substitution: Replacing the hazard with something less hazardous.
3. Engineering Controls: Isolating people from the hazard using equipment or
processes.
4. Administrative Controls: Changing the way people work through policies,
procedures, and training.
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Providing protective gear for individuals
exposed to the hazard.
The goal is to start with the most effective controls and work down the hierarchy as
needed.
6. What is ‘elimination’?
'Elimination' refers to completely removing the hazard or dangerous element from the
workplace. This is the most effective control measure as it eradicates the source of risk,
ensuring that workers are no longer exposed to the potential danger.
7. Why is safe design important for risk management?

Safe design is crucial for risk management because it integrates safety considerations
from the early stages of product or system development and by incorporating safety
principles into the design process, potential hazards and risks can be identified and
addressed proactively. Overall, safe design is a proactive and comprehensive approach
to risk management that helps create safer environments and reduces the potential for
harm.
8. Complete the diagrammatic representation of the Safe Design Process (adapted from figure 1 in
Safe Work Australia’s Guidance on the principles of safe design for work):
ESTABLISH RISK
CONTEXT
COMUNICATE AND DOCUMENT

GERETE
MULTIPLE
SOLUTIONS
ELIMINATE
AND CONTROL
RISKS
9. What are the options for risk control measures?

Risk control measures can be categorized into various strategies, often following the
Hierarchy of Controls. Those are the main options:
1. Elimination: Remove the hazard or the source of risk entirely. This is the most
effective control measure.
2. Substitution: Replace a hazardous material, process, or equipment with a less
hazardous alternative.
3. Engineering Controls: Isolate people from the hazard by using engineering
solutions such as barriers, ventilation systems, or automated processes.
4. Administrative Controls: Implement policies, procedures, and training programs
to modify the way people work, reducing their exposure to hazards.
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Provide individuals with protective gear like
helmets, gloves, or respirators to minimize exposure to hazards.
The effectiveness of these measures varies. Combining multiple control measures is
often the most comprehensive approach to managing risks effectively.
10. Why is it important to monitor and review control measures?

Monitoring and reviewing control measures are essential for several reasons;
effectiveness assessment, adaptation to change, continuous improvement, compliance
assurance, worker engagement, and the documentation.
By actively monitoring and reviewing control measures, organizations can maintain a
dynamic and responsive approach to risk management, contributing to a safer and

healthier work environment.
11. What is meant by “fail-to-safe”?
“Fail-to-safe” refers to a design or system characteristic where, in the event of a failure

or malfunction, the system defaults to a safe state or condition. The primary objective is
to ensure that even if a component or part of a system fails, it does so in a way that
minimizes the risk of harm or damage.
12. What does section 22 of the WHS Act require?
Section 22 of the WHS Act pertains to the duties of designers. It outlines that a person
conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) must ensure, so far as is practicable, that
the design of a structure and plant is without risks to health and safety.
13. What are the Benefits of Safe Design?
The safe design has various benefits, including the prevention of harm, cost savings,
improved productivity, enhanced user experience, legal compliance, positive reputation,
and sustainability.
Overall, safe design is a proactive approach that not only prioritizes safety but also
contributes to efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and the overall well-being of individuals
and organizations.
14. Summarise the Duties of the Designer in Safe Design.
The duties of a designer in safe design involve ensuring that the design of structures,
plants, substances, or other elements used for work is without risks to health and safety.
This includes considerations for intended use, conditions of use, and foreseeable
misuse. Designers must eliminate or minimize risks so far as reasonably practicable and
contribute to a safe workplace by integrating safety principles throughout the design
process, aligning with Section 22 of the Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act.
15. The general process for hazard management which should be applied to each hazard can be
summarised in the following flowchart. Draw a flowchart to summarise the process.
- Input: Workplace activities,

1: Identify Hazard equipment, substances.
- Process: Regular inspections,
consultations, and risk assessments.
- Output: List of identified hazards.
- Input: Identified hazards.

2: Assess Risk - Process: Evaluate likelihood and
severity of potential harm.
- Output: Risk assessment for each
hazard.
- Input: Risk assessment.

3: Control Measures - Process: Determine and implement
control measures.
- Output: Documented control
measures.
- Input: Implemented control measures.

4: Review and Monitor - Process: Regularly review and monitor
effectiveness.
- Output: Updated risk assessments and
control measures.
- Input: Identified hazards, control

measures.
5: Communication - Process: Communicate findings to
relevant stakeholders.
- Output: Informed and aware
workforce.
16. What should be included in a Safety in Design Report?
A Safety in Design (SiD) Report is a comprehensive document that outlines how safety
considerations have been integrated into the design process, a typical SiD Report
should include:
1. Introduction:
- Overview of the project and its scope.
- Purpose and objectives of the Safety in Design process.
2. Project Description:
- Detailed information about the design, including materials, processes, and intended
use.
3. Hazard Identification:
- A systematic identification of potential hazards associated with the design.
-Consideration of foreseeable misuse and abnormal conditions.
4. Risk Assessment:
- Evaluation of the identified hazards, considering the likelihood and severity of
potential harm.
- Assessment of the overall risk associated with the design.
5. Control Measures:
- Description of control measures implemented to eliminate or minimize identified
risks.
- Explanation of how these measures have been integrated into the design.
6. Design Verification:
- Verification that the design complies with relevant safety standards, codes, and
regulations.
- Documentation of any design modifications made to enhance safety.
7. Documentation of Residual Risks:
- Clear identification and documentation of any residual risks that remain after control
measures have been implemented.
8. Communication and Consultation:
- Details of how communication and consultation with relevant stakeholders, including
workers, were conducted during the design process.
9. Review and Approval:
- Documentation of the review process, including who reviewed the SiD Report and
how feedback was addressed.
- Formal approval of the SiD Report.
10. Appendices:
- Supporting documentation, such as risk matrices, relevant standards, and additional
details.

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ASSESSMENT BOOKLET – BSBWHS616

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the Principles of Safe Design?

3. (a) What is a residual risk?

(b) When does residual risk occur?

5. What is the Hierarchy of Controls?

The Hierarchy of Controls is a systematic approach used to minimize or eliminate

7. Why is safe design important for risk management?

COMUNICATE AND DOCUMENT

9. What are the options for risk control measures?

10. Why is it important to monitor and review control measures?

dynamic and responsive approach to risk management, contributing to a safer and

11. What is meant by “fail-to-safe”?

“Fail-to-safe” refers to a design or system characteristic where, in the event of a failure

12. What does section 22 of the WHS Act require?

13. What are the Benefits of Safe Design?

14. Summarise the Duties of the Designer in Safe Design.

- Input: Workplace activities,

- Input: Identified hazards.

- Input: Risk assessment.

- Input: Implemented control measures.

- Input: Identified hazards, control

16. What should be included in a Safety in Design Report?

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