St.

Mary’s School, Academic Year 2022-23

Class X Social Science Answer Key

GEOGRAPHY LESSON-6 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

NCERT QUESTIONS:

A. Answer the following questions briefly in not more than 30 words.

1. What is manufacturing?
2. Name any three physical factors for the location of an industry.
3. Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.
4. What are basic industries? Give an example.
Ans.
1. Manufacturing refers to the conversion of raw materials into finished goods
that are produced on a large scale using machines.
2. The following are the physical factors for the location of an industry:
• Raw materials
• Water
• Power
• Climate (any three)
3. The human factors for industrial location are:
• Skilled labour
• Market
• Capital
• Development of Science and Technology (any three)
4. Basic industries are those industries which supply their raw materials
to industries which manufacture other goods. An example is the iron and steel
industry which supplies steel to the automobile industry.

B. Write the answers to the following questions in 120 words.

1. How do industries pollute the environment?
Ans.
1. Industries cause four kinds of pollution namely, air, water, thermal and noise
pollution.
• Air pollution is caused by the presence of undesirable gases beyond certain
levels like sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, by the emission of smoke from
chemicals, paper industries, burning of fossil fuels and by the leakage of
poisonous gases and hazardous chemicals.
• Water pollution is caused by discharge of industrial effluents into rivers.
Industries like paper, chemical, textile and dyeing, tanneries, petroleum
refining, detergents and soaps, let out chemical and solid wastes and pollute
the water bodies.
• Thermal pollution is caused by discharge of hot water from factories into
rivers and ponds, affecting the aquatic life. Wastes from nuclear power plants
and chemicals cause land and soil pollution.
Percolation of rainwater pollutes the groundwater also.
• Noise pollution: Undesirable noise produced from industries like pneumatic
drills, construction activities cause impairment of hearing, blood pressure
and other health problems.

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Class X Social Science Answer Key

2. Discuss the steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by

industry.
Ans. To prevent environmental degradation caused by industries, the
following measures should be taken:
a. Reducing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it at
various stages.
b. Promoting rainwater harvesting to meet the growing needs.
c. Encouraging proper treatment of hot water and effluents before discharging them
into rivers, etc.
d. Proper treatment of industrial effluents involves mechanical process
like screening, grinding, flocculation, sedimentation and biological process.
e. Reducing aerosol emissions by the use of separators, scrubbers, filters,
precipitators, etc.
f. Promoting selection of fuel and better maintenance of equipment.
g. Using silencers.
h. Shifting the industries away from cities.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

1. What is the meaning of a manufacturing industry? Why is it considered

the backbone of economic development? Give two reasons.
Ans. Production of good in the factories in large quantities after processing
from raw materials to more valuable products, is called manufacturing
industry.
Manufacturing industry is considered as the backbone of economic
development because of the following reasons:
• It helps in modernizing agriculture which is the backbone of our economy.
• Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings the
much needed foreign exchange.

2. Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.' Analyze the statement with three
examples.
Or
Agriculture and industry are complimentary to each other.' Support the
statement giving points.
Or
Agriculture and industry are complimentary to each other.' Justify the
statement.
Ans. A close relationship exists between agriculture and manufacturing industries.
They complement each other.
Each of them serves as market for goods produced by the other and in the
process raises demand for each other’s goods.
For example, the agro-based industries, like textiles and sugar depend upon
agriculture for raw materials. These industries have given a major boost to
agriculture by raising their demand and hence, productivity.
Manufacturing industries sell the products such as irrigation pumps,
fertilizer, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, agricultural
machineries and tools, etc., to the farmers. Agriculture serves as their
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Class X Social Science Answer Key

market and affects their development. These inputs from industries

assist agriculturists in increasing productivity as well as in making
the production process very efficient.

3. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material. How are they
different from each other.
Ans. On the basis of source of raw materials used, industries can be classified into
agro-based industries and mineral based industries.
Agro-based industries derive their raw material from an agricultural crop.
e.g. cotton, tea, coffee etc.
Mineral-based industries derive their raw material from a mineral or a metal.
e.g. iron and steel, machine tools.

4. Explain any three factors that affect the location of industries in a region.
Ans. Following are the three factors that influence the location of an industry.
• Availability of raw materials, i.e. coal, iron etc, is an important factor of
industrial location.
• Nearness to market offers an important location factor.
• Plenty of capital can attract an industry to any location.

5. What are the prime factors in the location of aluminium smelting

industries? Where are the main aluminium smelting plants of the country
located?
Ans. Following are the prime factors for the location of aluminium smelting
industries.
• Assured source of raw material, bauxite, at minimum cost, as it is a bulky material.
• Regular and quantitative supply of power.
Odisha produces about 45 per cent of the India's bauxite. Hence, aluminium smelting
plants are located in Odisha. Also, the Hirakud Dam provides cheap hydroelectricity
for the development of the aluminium industry in the state.
West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu are
other states where aluminium smelting plants are located.

6. Explain any three characteristics of the chemical industry of India.

Ans. Following are the three main features of chemical industry.
(a) It is a fast growing industry.
(b) It is diversified in use and production.
(c) It comprises of both large and small scale manufacturing units.

7. Why is the fertilizer industry widespread almost throughout the country? Give
three reasons.
Ans. The fertilizer industry is the most widespread throughout the country because
of the following reasons.
• The growth of the fertilizer industry rests on raw materials i.e. coal,
petroleum and natural gas and hence it is located near it.
• After the Green Revolution it is expanded to many parts of the country where
agricultural prosperity is achieved.
• Fertilizers can be transported through pipelines to far off places.
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Class X Social Science Answer Key

8. What are software technology parks? State any two points of significance of
Information Technology industry in India.
Ans. Software Technology Parks provide single window services and high data
communication facility to software experts.
The two significant points of IT industries are as follows.
• It generates huge employment. Up to March 31, 2005, it employed over
one million persons, 30 per cent of them are women.
• The industry has been a major foreign exchange earner through
growing Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO).

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

1. Explain the pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power

Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural environment and resources
Or
What steps have been taken by NTPC towards environment protection?
Ans. NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification
for EMS (Environmental Management System) 14001.
The corporation has a proactive approach for preserving the natural environment and
resources like water, oil, gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants.
This is achieved through the following methods.
• Optimum utilization of equipment adopting latest techniques and
upgrading existing equipment.
• Minimizing waste generation by maximizing ash utilization.
• Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balances and encouraging
afforestation.
• Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water
recycling system and liquid waste management.
• Ecological monitoring reviews and online database management for all its power
stations.

2. Explain any five measures to control industrial pollution.

Ans. Five measures to control industrial pollution are:
(a) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smokestacks to
factories with electrostatic precipitators, etc.
(b) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal.
(c) Machinery and equipment can be used.
(d) Generators should be fitted with silencers.
(e) Noise absorbing material may be used.

3. Classify industries on the basis of capital investment, ownership, bulk and weight
of raw material and finished products.
Ans. Industries can be classified into the following categories:

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Class X Social Science Answer Key

(a) On the basis of capital investment:

(i) Large scale industries make large capital investment of more than
one crore rupees. They employ large numbers of people and use a large
number of machines, e.g. cotton textile.
(ii) Small scale industries involve capital outlay of less than one crore rupees,
employ a smaller number of laborers and use a few power driven
machines, e.g. manufacturing cycle parts.

(b) On the basis of ownership:

(i) Public sector industries are owned and operated by government
agencies, e g. Rourkela Steel Plant.
(ii) Private sector industries are owned and operated by an individual or a group
of individuals, e.g. Bajaj Auto Ltd.
(iii) Joint sector industries are jointly run by the state and individual
entrepreneurs e.g. Oil India Ltd.
(iv) Cooperative sector industries are owned and managed by the producers and
suppliers of raw materials or by workers. They pool in their resources and share
the profits and losses proportionately, e.g., sugar industry in Maharashtra.

(c) On the basis of bulk or weight of raw material and finished products:
(i) Heavy industries use bulky raw materials and their finished products are also
heavy, e.g. iron and steel industry.
(ii) Light industries use light raw materials and their finished products are also
light, e g. electrical industries producing bulbs.

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Class X Social Science Answer Key

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