Reviewer For The 4th Quarter

Terminologies in Research
Research - a systematic attempt to provide answers to questions to gain

solutions to problems.
Variable - an idea in research that may have different and changing values
because it has attributes, qualities, and characteristics that could affect the
outcome of the study
Sources - in research, sources of information play a big role in strengthening
the quality of the work. These are the materials which researchers consult.
Sources can be classified as primary or secondary
Citation - As a responsible researcher, one should give credit to the owner of
the information
Reference - list of all of the sources you have used in the process of research
Plagiarism - It is an act of stealing another’s work without proper
documentation or acknowledgment.
Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data

to answer research questions and test hypotheses. It focuses on quantifying
relationships, making generalizations, and testing theories. Statistical
techniques are commonly used to analyze quantitative data.
Qualitative research- on the other hand, involves the collection and analysis
of non-numerical data, such as words, images, or observations. It aims to
explore phenomena in depth, understand meanings, and generate theories.
Qualitative research often involves open-ended questions, interviews,
observations, or other subjective approaches to data collection and analysis.
Abstract - provides a concise summary of the key points of a research paper,

including the research question, methodology, results, and conclusions. Its
primary function is to give readers a brief overview of the study's purpose,
methods, findings, and implications so they can quickly determine if the paper
is relevant to their interests or research needs.
Hypothesis - is an assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of
argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true.
Data - is defined in Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary as "factual information

(as measurements or statistics) used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or
calculation." That definition confirms what is commonly thought about data
when referring to research projects.
Validity refers to the degree to which a test or study measures what it claims
or intends to measure. In other words, it assesses whether a test is actually
measuring the construct or concept it is supposed to measure.
Reliability - refers to the consistency, stability, and repeatability of

measurements or findings.
Research problem - is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be

improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in
scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need for
meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.
Population – total number of participants from which a representative sample

is drawn.
Data- factual information used as basis for reasoning, discussion, or

calculation.
Introduction - It is your first chance to make a good impression on

your reader. Providing background information and context for the study.
Reviewing relevant literature and existing research.
Conclusions - intended to help the reader understand why your

research should matter to them after they have finished
Literature review - involves examining and summarizing published works

within a specific subject area, often with a focus on recent research within a
certain time frame. This process helps researchers to understand the current
state of knowledge in their field, identify gaps in existing research, and
contextualize their own study within the broader academic discourse.
Scientific writing – described as clear, concise, and compelling
Methods or Research used - outlines the specifics of how the research was
conducted, including details about the participants, age ranges, and any
specific criteria used for inclusion or exclusion.
Parts of a Definition
SPECIES – word/ term being defined
GENUS – Class or general category
DIFFERENTIA – Distinguishing characteristics
Expanded Definition
1. Examples - You can expand a definition by giving examples.
2. Comparison & Contrast - You can expand a definition by comparing or

contrasting
3. Process - You can expand a definition by describing a process.
4. Etymology- You can expand a definition by sharing its origin.
5. Evocation - You can expand a definition by stimulating the senses.
6. Cause & Effect - You can expand a definition by explaining the reason
and result.
7. Historical References - You can expand a definition by citing a notable

event in history.

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Terminologies in Research

Research - a systematic attempt to provide answers to questions to gain

Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data

Abstract - provides a concise summary of the key points of a research paper,

Data - is defined in Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary as "factual information

Reliability - refers to the consistency, stability, and repeatability of

Research problem - is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be

Population – total number of participants from which a representative sample

Data- factual information used as basis for reasoning, discussion, or

Introduction - It is your first chance to make a good impression on

Conclusions - intended to help the reader understand why your

Literature review - involves examining and summarizing published works

SPECIES – word/ term being defined

GENUS – Class or general category

DIFFERENTIA – Distinguishing characteristics

1. Examples - You can expand a definition by giving examples.

2. Comparison & Contrast - You can expand a definition by comparing or

3. Process - You can expand a definition by describing a process.

4. Etymology- You can expand a definition by sharing its origin.

5. Evocation - You can expand a definition by stimulating the senses.

7. Historical References - You can expand a definition by citing a notable

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