Grade 12

Mathematics

Maths and Science Infinity

CAPS Syllabus
Analytical Geometry
Circle Analytical Geometry

Felix Pagona Asitandile Yanxa Thulani Mjikwa

Senior Facilitator Lead Facilitator Senior Facilitator

Activity 1
O is the centre of the circle in the figure below. P(𝑥; 𝑦) and Q(12; 5) are two points on the
circle. POQ is a straight line. The point R(𝑡; −1) lies on the tangent to the circle at Q.

1.1 Determine the equation of the circle. (3)

1.2 Determine the equation of the straight line through P and Q. (2)
1.3 Determine 𝑥 and 𝑦, the coordinates of P. (2)
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1.4 Show that the gradient of QR is − . (2)
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1.5 Determine the equation of QR in the form 𝑦 = …. (3)

1.6 Calculate the value of 𝑡. (2)
1.7 Determine an equation of the circle with centre 𝑄(12; 5) and passing through the
origin. (3)
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Activity 2
A(0; 5) and B(−8; 1) are two points on the circumference of the circle with centre M,
in a Cartesian plane. M lies on AB. DA is a tangent to the circle at A.
The coordinates of D are (3; −1) and the coordinates of C are (−12; −1).
Points C and D are joined. K is the point (0; −7). CTD is a straight line.

2.1 Show that the coordinates of M, the midpoint of AB, are (−4; 3). (1)
2.2 Determine the equation of the tangent AD. (4)
2.3 Determine the length of AM. (3)
2.4 Determine the equation of a circle centre M in the form
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑒 = 0. (4)
2.5 Quadrilateral ACKD is one of the following:
Parallelogram; Kite; Rhombus; Rectangle.
Which one is it? Justify your answer. (4)
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Activity 3
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 6𝑦 = −5, is the equation of the circle with centre M. UE is a tangent to the
circle at Q. QMD, DA, AU and UQE are straight lines. DU is parallel to the 𝑥-axis.

3.1 Determine the coordinates of M, the centre of the circle. (4)

3.2 Calculate the coordinates of Q, if 𝑦 > 2. (3)
3.3 Calculate the equation of tangnet UE. (4)
3.4 Write down the equation of DU. (1)
3.5 Calculate the coordinates of U. (2)
3.6 Prove that QUAD is a cyclic quadrilateral. (6)
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Activity 4
4.1 Determine the centre and radius of the circle with the equation
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 38 = 0. (4)
4.2 A second circle has the equation (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 − 6)2 = 26. Calculate the
distance between the centres of the two circles. (2)
4.3 Hence, show that the circles desribed in Activity 4.1 and 4.2 intersect each other. (3)
4.4 Show that the two circle intersect along the line 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 4. (4)
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Activity 5
𝐴(−8; 2), 𝐵(−2; −6) and 𝐷(0; 8) are the vertices of a triangle that lies on the circumference
of a circle with diameter BD and centre M, as shown in the figure below.

5.1 Calulate the coordinate of M. (2)

5.2 Show that (−8; 2) lies on he line 𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 58. (1)
5.3 What is the realtionship between the line 𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 58 and the circle centred at M?
Motivate your answer. (5)
5.4 Calculate the lengths of AD and AB. (4)

5.5 ̂ B = 90°.
Prove that DA (3)
5.6 Write down the size of angle θ. (1)
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Activity 6
The equatio of a circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 15.
6.1 Prove that the point (2; −9) is on the circumference of the circle. (2)
6.2 Determine an equation of the tangent to the circle at point (2; −9). (7)
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Activity 7
The line LP, with equation 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 2 = 0, is a tangent at L to the circle with centre
𝑀(−4; 4). LN is a diameter of the circle. Also, LPNQ, where P lies on the 𝑥-axis,
and Q lies on the 𝑦-axis.

7.1 Determine the equation of the diameter LN. (3)

7.2 Calculate the coordinates of L. (2)
7.3 Determine the equation of the circle. (3)
7.4 Write down the coordinates of N. (3)
7.5 Write down the equation of NQ. (3)
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Activity 8
In the figure below, a circle with centre M is drawn. The equation of the circle is
(𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 𝑟 2. 𝑆(1; −2) is a point on the circle. SR is a tangent to the circle.

8.1 Write down the coordinates of M and the radius of the circle centred at M. (4)
8.2 Determine the equation of the tangent RS in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (4)
8.3 The circles having centres P and M touch each externally at point S. SR is a tangent to
both circles. If MS: MP = 1: 3, determine the coordinates (𝑎; 𝑏) of point P. (8)
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Activity 9
A circle centred at N(3; 2) touches the 𝑥-axis at point L. the line PQ, defined by the
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equation 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 + 3, is a tangent to the same circle at point A.

9.1 Why is NL perpendicular to OL? (1)

9.2 Determine the coordinates of L. (1)
9.3 Determine the equation of the circle with centre N in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 . (3)
9.4 Calculate the length of KL. (3)
9.5 Determine he equation of the diameter AB in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (4)
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9.6 Show that the coordinates of A are ( ; ). (3)
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9.7 Calculate the length of KA. (3)

9.8 Why is KLNA a kite? (2)
9.9 ̂ K = 45°.
Show that AB (3)
9.10 If the given circle is reflected about the 𝑥-axis, give the coordinates of the centre
of the new circle. (1)
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Activity 10
10.1 The diagram below shows two circles touchng at point E(2; −1).
The smaller circle has its centre at the origin and a bigger circle has centre D(𝑎; −3).
The length of the radius of the bigger circle is twice the length of the radius of the
smaller circle.

10.1.1 Calculate the length of the radius of the smaller circle. (2)
10.1.2 Determine the value of 𝑎 if 𝑎 > 0. (4)
10.1.3 Determine the equation of the bigger circle. (3)
10.1.4 Determine the equation of a tangent to both circles at E. (4)
10.2 The length of the diameter of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝑘 = 0 is 24.
Determine:
10.2.2 The coordinates of the centre of the circle. (4)
10.2.3 The value of 𝑘. (4)
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Activity 11
Circles C1 and C2 in the figure below have the same centre M. P is a point on C2 .
PM intersects C1 at D. the tangent BD to C1 intersects C2 at B.
The equation of C1 is given by 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 2 = 0 and the equation of the
line PM is 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2.

11.1 Determine the following:

11.1.1 The coordinates of centre M. (3)
11.1.2 The radius of circle C1 . (1)
11.2 Determine the coordinates of D, the point where line PM and circle C2 intersect. (5)

11.3 If it is given that DB = 4√2, determine MB, the radius of circle C2 . (3)
11.4 Write down the equation of C2 in the form (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2. (2)

11.5 Is the point F(2√5; 0) inside circle C2 ? Support your answer with calculations. (4)
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Activity 12
In the diagram below, M(3; 1), Q and N lie on the circumference of the circle with centre
P(−1; 4) and form ∆MQN. NPM is a straigh line.

12.1 Determine the equation of the circle. (4)

12.2 Why is 𝑁𝑄̂ 𝑀 = 90°? (1)

12.3 Show that the coordinates of Q are (−4; 0). (3)
12.4 Calculate the gradient of MN. (2)
12.5 Hence, calculate the size of 𝛼. (5)
12.6 Determine the equation of a tangent to the circle at M. (5)
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Activity 13
In the diagram below, centre Q of the circle lies on the straight line 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 7 = 0.
The straight line cuts the circle at W and Z(−1; −1). The circle touches the 𝑦-axis at P(0; 2).

13.1 Determine the equation of the circle in the form (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2. (5)
13.2 Determine the length of diameter WZ. (1)
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Activity 14
In the digram below, J(−2; 1), K(𝑝; −4), L(5; 0) and M(3; 3) are the vertices of
trapezium JKLM. Also, JK ∥ ML.

14.1 Show that 𝑝 = 3. (4)

14.2 Calculate JK: LM in the simplest form. (5)
14.3 Q(𝑥; 𝑦) on JK is such that JQLM is a parallelogram, determine the coordinates
of Q. (5)
14.4 Determine the equation of the line passing through K and M. (2)
14.5 Write down the value of 𝛼, the inclination of line KM. (1)
14.6 If points R(1; 𝑘), J and L are collinear, calculate the value of 𝑘. (4)
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Activity 15
In the diagram below, the equation of the circle with centre M is
(𝑥 − 8)2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 45. PT is a tangent to this circle at T and PT is parallel to OM.
Another circle, having centre O, touches the circle having centre M at N.

15.1 Write down the coordinates of M. (1)

15.2 Calculate the length of OM. Leave your answer in simplest surd form. (2)
15.3 Calculate the length of ON. Leave your answer in simplest surd form. (3)

15.4 ̂ T.
Calculate the size of OM (2)
15.5 Determine the equation of MT in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (5)
15.6 Calculate the coordinates of T. (6)
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Activity 16
The length of the radius of the circle with equation 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 = 𝑎 is 5 units.

16.1 Show by means of calculations that 𝑎 = 20 units. (4)

16.2 Write down the coordinate of the centre M of the circle. (1)
16.3 A(𝑥; 𝑦), with 𝑦 > 0, is one of the ponts of intersection of the circle and the straight line
𝑥 = 4. Determine the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦. (4)
16.4 Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle at point A. (4)
16.5 Determine whether point T(−1; −2) lies inside or outside the circle. (3)
16.6 If the circle is translated 3 units to the left and l unit up, determine the equation
of the new circle. (3)
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Activity 17
17.1 In the diagram below, the circle centred at M(2; 4) passes through C(−1; 2) cuts the𝑦-
axis at E. the diameter CMD is drawn and ACB is a tangent to the circle.

17.1.1 Determine the equation of the circle in the form

(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 . (3)
17.1.2 Write down the coordinates of D. (2)
17.1.3 Determine the equation of AB in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (5)
17.1.4 Calculate the coordinates of E. (4)
17.1.5 Show that EM is parallel to AB. (2)
17.2 Determine whether or not the circles having equations (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 25
and (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 9 will intersect. Show ALL calculations. (6)
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Activity 18
In the diagram below, Q(5; 2) is the centre of a circle that intersects the 𝑦-axis a
P(0; 6) and S. the tangent APB at P intersects the 𝑥-axis at B and makes the angle 𝛼
̂ S = θ.
with the positive 𝑥-axis. R is a point on the circle and PR

18.1 Determine the equation of the circle in the form (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2. (3)
18.2 Calculate the coordinates of S. (3)
18.3 Determine the equation of the tangent APB in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (4)
18.4 Calculate the size of 𝛼. (2)
18.5 Calculate, with reasons, the size of θ. (4)
18.6 Calculate the area of ∆PQS. (4)
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