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9th Lecture Input Control Elements Part2

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16 views

9th Lecture Input Control Elements Part2

Uploaded by

Kristine D
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pneumatics

and Hydraulics
Input, Control and Processing elements part 2

Dr. Ahmad Al-Mahasneh


Outline
• Valves
Solenoid valve
• A very common way to actuate a spool valve is
by using a solenoid, illustrated in the following
figure.
• As shown, when the electric coil (solenoid) is
energized, it creates a magnetic force that pulls
the armature in to the coil. This cause the
armature to push the spool of the valve.
• Solenoid switching behavior depends on
excitation type.
Solenoid valve
Solenoid Valve Electrical Characteristics

• Operating time for attraction and release.


• Supply: DC or AC.
• Power consumption: hold on power (The power
required to hold the armature in the energized
position) and inrush power (the power at
maximum level of current flow).
• Protection methods: against accidental contact,
water proof, pressure proof.
• Duty cycle (%).

https://www.industrial-electronics.com/articles/article_title/Solenoid-Valves.html
DC Solenoid Characteristics

• Slower switching on and off (Self Inductance).


• Cut-out spikes.
• Smooth attraction.
• Safe against overload even with blocked armature.
• Bulkier than AC solenoid.
• Longer life.
• Resistance is equal to the ohmic resistance of the
coil.
• Need freewheeling protection circuit.

https://www.elprocus.com/freewheeling-or-flyback-diode-circuit-working-functions/
AC Solenoid Characteristics

• Switching Fast and hard (due to reduced resistance at the moment of


switching on, the reactance net yet having developed).
• High current drain when the armature is blocked.
• Smaller than DC solenoid.
• Eddy current and hysteresis losses.
• Total resistance consists of the ohmic resistance and reactance.
• Cannot be operate by direct current.
• Shorter life time.
• Noisy.
AC Solenoid Characteristics
Air return
• The return of valve can be operated by a spring as well as by
pneumatic pressure.
• When the return by pressure is integrated into the valve as a
pneumatic feature it is known as air return.
Manual Override
• Pneumatically or electrically operated valves are often equipped with
a manual override.
• Thus operation is also possible in cases where the control energy is
not available.
Manual Override
Valves With Differential Piston Actuation

• For valves pressurized from both sides, the control can be by


pistons of equal or different sizes.
Non-Return Valves(Isolating Valves)

• Non-return valves are devices which preferentially stop the flow in


one direction and permit flow in the opposite direction.
• Non-Return valves Include:
• One Way Valves (Check Valves).
• Shuttle Valve (Logic OR Valve).
• Dual Pressure Valve (Logic AND Valve).
• Quick Exhaust Valves.
• Shutoff Valves
One Way Valve (Check Valve)
Unlatchable Check Valve

•This valve offers the possibility of


canceling the check action in the blocking
direction by means of a control signal
applied to the additional pilot port.
•In this way, flow through the valve is
possible in either one direction or the other.
Dual Pressure Valve (AND Valve) (Double Cutoff Valve)
Shuttle Valve (OR Valve)
Shuttle Valve (OR Valve)
Logic not valve
Quick exhaust valve
Quick exhaust valves work by providing a rapid exhaust of controlled air when placed directly
onto an air cylinder after the control valve.
The seal inside Clippard's quick exhaust valve is shaped like a bat wing. When air pressure is
sent to the cylinder, it hits the back side of the seal and pushes the front side against the
exhaust port.
This seals it off and allows air to enter the cylinder.
Quick exhaust valve
Shout off valve
Flow control valves
Q = A∆P
Flow control valves influence the volumetric flow of the compressed
air in both directions.
Flow Control valves Include:
• Throttle Valves.
-Chock Throttle Valves.
-Disc Throttle Valves.
• One Way flow control valves (Check Chock Valves).
-Manually Adjustable.
-Mechanically Adjustable.
Flow control valves
Bi-Directional Chock Valves
Bi-Directional Chock Valves
One Way, Manually Adjustable Flow Control
Valve (Check Chock Valve)
One Way Mechanically Adjustable Flow Control
Valve
Pressure Control Valves

Pressure control valves are elements which predominantly


influence the pressure or are controlled by the magnitude of the
pressure.

They are divided into the three groups:

• Pressure regulating valve (Pressure Reduce Valve)


• Pressure limiting valve (Pressure Relief Valve)
• Pressure sequence valve (Pressure Switch).
Pressure Regulator
Pressure relief valve
• The pressure limiting valves are used mainly as
safety valves (pressure relief valves).

• They prevent the maximum permissible


pressure in a system from being exceeded.

• If the maximum pressure has been reached at


the valve inlet, the valve outlet is opened and
the excess air pressure exhausts to
atmosphere.

• The valve remains open until it is closed by the


built-in spring after reaching the preset system
pressure.
Pressure sequence valve

• Pneumatic sequence valves typically


are five-way directional control valves
with adjustable springs to set their
shifting pressure.

• They are used to start a second


operation after the preceding one
finishes.

https://www.hydraulicspneumatics.com/technologies/hydraulic-valves/article/21885062/when-should-you-use-sequence-valves
Pressure sequence valve
Pressure sequence valve
Combinational valves

• Components of different control groups can be combined into the


body of one unit with the features, characteristics and construction
of a combination of valves.

• Time delay valves: for the delay of signals.


• 5/4-way valve: for the stopping of double- acting cylinders in
any position.
• Vacuum generator with ejector: for pick and place applications
Time Delay valves

•The time delay valve is a combined 3/2-way valve, one way flow
control valve and air reservoir. The 3/2-way valve can be a valve
with normal position open or closed. The delay time is generally 0-
30 seconds for both types of valves.
• By using additional reservoirs, the time can be extended. An
accurate switch-over time is assured, if the air is clean and the
pressure relatively constant.
Time Delay valves
•The time delay valve is a combined 3/2-way
valve, one way flow control valve and air
reservoir.
•The 3/2-way valve can be a valve with
normal position open or closed. The delay
time is generally 0-30 seconds for both
types of valves.
• By using additional reservoirs, the time
can be extended.
• An accurate switch-over time is assured,
if the air is clean and the pressure Normally closed
relatively constant.
Time Delay valve

Normally open
Time Delay valve
Time Delay valve

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