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    of 92

    CURRICULUM DESIGN COMMITTEE (Pre-revised)

    Prof. A.K.Agarwal Prof. Santosh Panda Mr. Alexander Von Hildebrand Dr. Megha K. Rathi
    Director STRIDE, IGNOU Regional Advisor Sr. Consultant
    SOHS, IGNOU New Delhi Regional Ofce for South-East Asia SOHS, IGNOU,
    New Delhi World Health Organisation , New Delhi New Delhi

    EXPERT COMMITTEE
    Dr. Bina Sawhney Prof. Reema Kumari Prof. S B Arora
    Additional DDG BRS (Retd.) , MoHFW, New Delhi Dept. of Community Medicine and Public Health, Director,
    King George’s Medical University, Lucknow
    Mr. J Chandra Babu School of Health Sciences
    Sr. Environmental Engineer, CPCB Prof. Vidhya Venugopal IGNOU, New Delhi
    Parivesh Bhawan, CBD-cum-Ofce Complex, East Certied Industrial Hygienist (BOHS)
    Arjun Nagar, Shahdara, Delhi Department of Environmental Health Engineering Prof. T K Jena
    Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai School of Health Sciences
    Prof. T Hemanth IGNOU, New Delhi
    Head, Department of Community Medicine Ms. Payden
    M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore Regional Advisor, WSH, Prof. Ruchika Kuba
    WHO - Regional Ofce for South-East Asia Programme Coordinator
    Dr. Shyamla Mani, World Health House, Indraprastha Estate Mahatama School of Health Sciences
    Professor (Retd.), Gandhi Marg, New Delhi IGNOU, New Delhi
    National Institute of Urban Affairs, Dr. Sunita Singal
    India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi Dr. Biplab Jamatia
    Former Sr. CMO, Dept of Obs. & Gynae,
    Incharge of Dept of Hospital Waste Management, Assistant Professor (Sr. Scale)
    Dr. Vijay Rai VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
    Sr. CMO (SAG) & Chairman Legal Cell, School of Health Sciences
    Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi IGNOU, New Delhi

    BLOCK PREPARATION TEAM


    Writers Editorial Team Vetting Team
    Unit 26 Ms. Payden
    Dr. Megha Rathi Regional Advisor, WSH,
    Ms. Anu Agrawal Consultant, Health Care Waste
    Senior Consultant, Toxics Link, H2 (Ground Floor), Panchsheel Park, New Delhi WHO - Regional Ofce for South-East Asia,
    World Health House, Indraprastha Estate,
    Jungpura Extension, New Delhi Mahatama Gandhi Marg, New Delhi
    Mr. J Chandra Babu
    Unit 27 Sr. Environmental Engineer, CPCB
    Dr. Ute Pieper
    Dr. Priyank Tyagi Parivesh Bhawan, CBD-cum-Ofce WHO Consultant, Hampshire Residence, B-3A-3, 2A
    Director, Healthrays Medicare LLP, Delhi Complex, East Arjun Nagar, Shahdara, Persiaran, Hampshire, 5050 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Delhi
    Unit 28 Mr. J Chandra Babu
    Dr. Sunita Singal Prof. Ruchika Kuba Sr. Environmental Engineer, CPCB,
    Former Sr. CMO, Dept of Obs. & Gynae, Programme Coordinator, School of Health Parivesh Bhawan, CBD-cum-Ofce Complex, East
    Incharge of Dept of Hospital Waste Management, Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi Arjun Nagar, Shahdara, Delhi
    VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi Creative Inputs Dr. Sunita Singal
    Dr. Charu Hans Former Sr. CMO, Dept of Obs. & Gynae, Incharge of
    Prof. Ruchika Kuba Dept of Hospital Waste Management, VMMC &
    Head (Retd), Department of Microbiology Programme Coordinator, School of Health
    Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
    Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi
    & And Dr. Chhavi Pant Joshi
    Dr. Shalini Malhotra DADG (Environment Health), Directorate General of
    Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology Dr. Jyotsna Dikshit Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,
    Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi Dy. Director, NCIDE, IGNOU, New Delhi Government of India, New Delhi

    CO-ORDINATION TEAM
    Director Prof. Ruchika Kuba
    School of Health Sciences Programme Coordinator
    IGNOU, New Delhi School of Health Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi

    PRODUCTION
    Mr. Ajit Kumar
    Section Ofcer (P)
    SOHS, IGNOU, New Delhi

    June, 2018
    @ Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2018
    ISBN : 978-93-87960-86-2
    All right reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from
    the Indira Gandhi National Open University.
    Further information about the School of Health Sciences and the Indira Gandhi National Open University courses may be obtained from the
    University’s ofce at Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068
    Printed and published on behalf of the Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi by Director, School of Health Sciences.
    Disclaimer:
    1. Indira Gandhi National Open University / World Health Organisation does not warrant that the information in this publication is
    complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result o ts use. The named authors and editors alone are
    responsible for the views expressed in this publication.
    2. In no way are the writers, IGNOU or WHO is propagating or endorsing, any system or technology used by the institutions or
    organizations mentioned in this material.
    3. The QR codes and URL links given in this block have been accessed at the time of nalisation of this block and may change or made
    unavailable by the concerned website.
    Laser Typeset by: Rajshree Computers, V-166A, Bhagwati Vihar, (Near Sector-2, Dwarka), Uttam Nagar, New Delhi-110059
    39
    Run-off from Patient Surgical Units or
    paved areas Wards OperationTheatres

    Urinals Intensive Care


    Units (ICU)

    Bathrooms Dental
    Sources of Department
    Laboratories Wastewater
    Generation from Radiology
    HCFs
    Engineering
    and Haemodialysis
    Maintenance

    Administrative Kitchen Laundries


    Office
    Important chemicals in hospital wastewater
    include anaesthetics, disinfectants, chemicals
    from laboratories, photochemical and X -ray
    contrast media, Radioactive liquid
    contaminants can also reach the waste water
    in hospital
    Infectious agents, Pharmaceuticals,
    including bacteria, including antibiotics
    Contaminants
    viruses and parasites discharges
    in Waste water
    generated from
    Cytotoxic drugs HCFs Excessive nutrients and
    waste (residual) nitrates

    Mercury from dental amalgams or lab


    chemicals and broken thermometers or BP
    apparatus etc.,

    Hazards due to
    Microbiological pathogens

    Hazards due to Hazards of Hazards due to


    Hazardous chemical Wastewater Pharmaceutical and
    waste generated from Cytotoxic waste
    HCFs

    Hazards due to
    Radioactive waste
    Chemical Liquid Neutralising
    Waste from HCFs Agents

    (Acid or Base)

    Pre-Treatment or
    Neutralisation
    Domestic Sewage

    Wastewater
    Treatment by Sewage
    from HCF Treatm ent Plant (STP)
    Chemical Liquid Pre-Treatment or
    Waste Neutralisation or Wastewater
    (bedded
    (Laboratories) Treatment Plant
    Hospitals)
    before discharge
    culture

    Infectious Liquid
    Waste from Patient
    Treatment Areas
    Liquid Waste from Disinfectin g Agent
    Non- bedded HCF or its equivalent
    67

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