ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ECT202 ANALOG CIRCUITS CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

PCC 3 1 0 4

Preamble: This course aims to develop the skill of analyse and design of different types of
analog circuits using discrete electronic components.
Prerequisite: EST130 Basics of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Design analog signal processing circuits using diodes and first order RC circuit
CO 2 Analyse basic amplifiers using BJT and MOSFET
CO 3 Apply the principle of oscillator and regulated power supply circuits.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
10 11 12
CO 1 3 3 2
CO 2 3 3 2
CO 3 3 3 2

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment Tests End Semester Examination

1 2
Remember K1 10 10 10
Understand K2 20 20 20
Apply K3 20 20 70
Analyse K4
Evaluate
Create

Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE Duration

Marks

150 50 100 3 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks

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End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contain 10
questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should
answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which student should answer
any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry 14 marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Design analog signal processing circuits using diodes and first
order RC circuit.

1. For the given specification design a differentiator / integrator circuit.

2. For the given transfer characteristics design clipping / clamping circuit.

3. Design first order RC low-pass / high-pass circuit for the given specification.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Analyse basic amplifiers using BJT.

1. For the given transistor biasing circuit, determine the resistor values, biasing currents
and voltages.

2. Design a RC coupled amplifier for a given gain.

3. Analyse the frequency response of BJT RC coupled amplifier using hybrid π model.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Analyse basic amplifiers using MOSFET.

1. Perform DC analysis of MOSFET circuits.
2. Design a common source amplifier.
3. Deduce the expression for voltage gain of CS stage with diode-connected load.
Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Analyse basic feedback amplifiers using BJT and MOSFET

1. Deduce the expression for voltage gain, input impedance and output impedance of the
four feedback amplifier topologies.

2. Design practical discrete amplifiers for the four feedback amplifier topologies.

Course Outcome 3 (CO3): Apply the principle of oscillator and regulated power supply.

1. Design oscillator using BJT to generate sine wave for the given frequency.

2. Deduce the expression for maximum efficiency of class B power amplifiers.

3. Illustrate the DC and AC load line in transformer coupled class A power amplifiers.

4. Design voltage regulator for the given specifications.

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SYLLABUS
Module 1:
Wave shaping circuits: First order RC differentiating and integrating circuits, First order RC
low pass and high pass filters.
Diode Clipping circuits - Positive, negative and biased clipper. Diode Clamping circuits -
Positive, negative and biased clamper.

Transistor biasing: Need, operating point, concept of DC load line, fixed bias, self bias,
voltage divider bias, bias stabilization.

Module 2:
BJT Amplifiers: RC coupled amplifier (CE configuration) – need of various components
and design, Concept of AC load lines, voltage gain and frequency response.
Small signal analysis of CE configuration using small signal hybrid-pi model for mid
frequency and low frequency. (gain, input and output impedance).
High frequency equivalent circuits of BJT, Miller effect, Analysis of high frequency response
of CE amplifier.

Module 3:
MOSFET amplifiers: MOSFET circuits at DC, MOSFET as an amplifier, Biasing of
discrete MOSFET amplifier, small signal equivalent circuit. Small signal voltage and current
gain, input and output impedance of CS configuration. CS stage with current source load, CS
stage with diode-connected load.
Multistage amplifiers - effect of cascading on gain and bandwidth. Cascode amplifier.

Module 4 :
Feedback amplifiers: Effect of positive and negative feedback on gain, frequency response
and distortion. The four basic feedback topologies, Analysis of discrete BJT circuits in
voltage-series and voltage-shunt feedback topologies - voltage gain, input and output
impedance.

Oscillators: Classification, criterion for oscillation, Wien bridge oscillator, Hartley and
Crystal oscillator. (working principle and design equations of the circuits; analysis of Wien
bridge oscillator only required).

Module 5:
Power amplifiers: Classification, Transformer coupled class A power amplifier, push pull
class B and class AB power amplifiers, complementary-symmetry class B and Class AB
power amplifiers, efficiency and distortion (no analysis required)

Regulated power supplies: Shunt voltage regulator, series voltage regulator, Short circuit
protection and fold back protection, Output current boosting.

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Text Books
1. Robert Boylestad and L Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, 11/e
Pearson, 2015.
2. Sedra A. S. and K. C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits”, 6/e, Oxford University
Press, 2013.

Reference Books
1. Razavi B., “Fundamentals of Microelectronics”, Wiley, 2015
2. Neamen D., “Electronic Circuits, Analysis and Design”, 3/e, TMH, 2007.
3. David A Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, Oxford University Press, 2008.
4. Rashid M. H., “Microelectronic Circuits - Analysis and Design”, Cengage Learning,
2/e,2011
5. Millman J. and C. Halkias, “Integrated Electronics”, 2/e, McGraw-Hill, 2010.

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of lectures

1 Wave shaping circuits
1.1 Analysis and design of RC differentiating and integrating circuits 2
1.2 Analysis and design of First order RC low pass and high pass filters 2
1.3 Clipping circuits - Positive, negative and biased clipper 1
1.4 Clamping circuits - Positive, negative and biased clamper 1
Transistor biasing
1.5 Need of biasing, operating point, bias stabilization, concept of load 1
line
Design of fixed bias, self bias, voltage divider bias. 2

2 BJT Amplifiers
2.1 Classification of amplifiers, RC coupled amplifier (CE 2
configuration) – need of various components and design, Concept
of AC load lines.
2.2 Small signal analysis of CE configuration using small signal hybrid 3
π model for mid frequency. (gain, input and output impedance).
2.3 High frequency equivalent circuits of BJT, Miller effect, Analysis 4
of high frequency response of CE amplifier. voltage gain and
frequency response

3 MOSFET amplifiers
3.1 MOSFET circuits at DC, MOSFET as an amplifier, Biasing of 2
discrete MOSFET amplifier,
3.2 Small signal equivalent circuit. Small signal voltage and current 3
gain, input and output impedances of CS configuration.

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3.3 CS stage with current source load, CS stage with diode-connected 2
load.
3.4 Multistage amplifiers - effect of cascading on gain and bandwidth. 2
Cascode amplifier.

4 Feedback amplifiers
4.1 Properties of positive and negative feedback on gain, frequency 1
response and distortion.
4.2 Analysis of the four basic feedback topologies 2
4.3 Analysis of discrete circuits in each feedback topologies -voltage 3
gain, input and output impedance
Oscillators
4.4 Classification, criterion for oscillation 1
Wien bridge oscillator, Hartley and Crystal oscillator. (working 2
principle and design equations of the circuits; analysis not
required).

5 Power amplifiers
5.1 Classification, Transformer coupled class A power amplifier 1
5.2 push pull class B and class AB power amplifiers, complementary- 3
symmetry class B and Class AB power amplifiers, efficiency and
distortion (no analysis required)
Linear Regulated power supplies
5.3 Principle of Linear Regulated power supplies, Shunt voltage 1
regulator
5.4 Series voltage regulator, Short circuit protection and fold back 2
protection, Output current boosting

Assignment:

Atleast one assignment should be simulation of different types of transistor amplifiers on any
circuit simulation software.

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Model Question paper

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

THIRD SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, (Model Question Paper)
Course Code: ECT202
Course Name: ANALOG CIRCUITS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART A

Answer ALL Questions. Each Carries 3 mark.

1 Design the first order RC high pass filter with cut off frequency 2Kz. 3 K3

2 Describe about the double ended clipping. 3 K2

3 Differentiate between DC and AC load lines. 3 K2

4 What is the significance of Miller effect on high frequency amplifiers? 3 K1

5 What are the effects of cascading in gain and bandwidth of an amplifier? 3 K1

6 Calculate the drain current if µnCox = 100 µA/V2, VTH = 0.5V and λ = 0 in the 3 K3
following circuit.

7 Illustrate the effect of negative feedback on bandwidth and gain of the amplifier. 3 K2

8 Explain the criteria for an oscillator to oscillate. 3 K1

9 How to eliminate cross over distortion in class-B power amplifier? 3 K2

10 What is line regulation and load regulation in the context of a voltage regulator? 3 K2

PART – B
Answer one question from each module; each question carries 14 marks.
Module - I
11 a Design a differentiator circuit for a square wave signal with Vpp=10 and frequency 6 CO1
10KHz. K3

b. Design a clamper circuit to get the following transfer characteristics, assuming 8 CO1
voltage drop across the diodes 0.7V. K3

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 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

OR
12 a Explain the working of an RC differentiator circuit for a square wave input with period 5 K2
T. Sketch its output waveform for RC ≫ T, RC ≪ T and RC = T. T, RC ≪ T and RC = T. T and RC = T. CO1

b. With reference to the following circuit, draw the load line and mark the Q point of 9 K3
the Silicon BJT transistor. CO2

Module - II
13 For the following RC coupled amplifier determine re , Zi , Zo and Av . 14 K3
CO2

OR

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14 a Draw the high frequency hybrid π model of BJT in CE configuration and explain 6 K2
the significance of each parameter. CO2

b Analyse BJT RC coupled amplifier in CE configuration at high frequency using 8 K2

hybrid π model. CO2

Module - III
15 a Draw the circuit of a common source amplifier using MOSFET. Derive the 7 K2
expressions for voltage gain and input resistance from small signal equivalent CO2
circuit.
b. How wide bandwidth is obtained in Cascode amplifier ? 7 K2
CO2

OR
16 Draw the CS stage with current source load and deduce the expression for voltage 14 K3
gain of the amplifier CO2

Module - IV
17 Give the block schematic of current-series feedback amplifier configuration and 14 K3
deduce the expression for gain, input impedance and output impedance with CO2
feedback. Design a practical circuit for this current-series feedback amplifier.
OR
18 a Design wein-bridge oscillator using BJT to generate 1KHz sine wave. 8 K3
CO3

b Explain the working principle of crystal oscillator 6 K2

CO3

Module - V
19 Illustrate the working principle of complementary-symmetry class B power 14 K2
CO2
amplifiers and deduce the maximum efficiency of the circuit
OR
20 Design a discrete series voltage regulator with short circuit protection for regulated 14 K3
CO3
output voltage 10V and maximum current 100mA.

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Simulation Assignments (ECT202)

The following simulations can be done in QUCS, KiCad or PSPICE.

1. Design and simulate a voltage series feedback amplifier based on BJT/ MOSFET. Observe the input
and output signals. Plot the AC frequency response. Observe the Nyquits plot and understand its
stability

2. Design and simulate a voltage shunt feedback amplifier based on BJT/ MOSFET. Observe the input
and output signals. Plot the AC frequency response. Observe the Nyquits plot and understand its
stability

3. Design and simulate series voltage regulator for output voltage VO = 10V and output current IO =
100mA with and without short circuit protection and to test the line and load regulations.

4. Design and simulate Wien bridge oscillator for a frequency of 5 kHz. Run a transient simulation and
observe the output waveform.

5. Design and simulate Colpitts oscillator for a frequency of 455 kHz. Run a transient simulation and
observe the output waveform.

6. Design and simulate a current series feedback amplifier based on BJT. Observe the input and output
signals. Plot the AC frequency response. Observe the Nyquits plot and understand its stability

7. Design and simulate Hartley oscillator for a frequency of 455 kHz. Run a transient simulation and
observe the output waveform.

8. Design and simulate clipping circuits that clips the 10 V input sinusoid

• at +3.5 V and at −4.2 V

• at +2.5 V and at +4.2 V
• at −2.5 V and at −4.2 V

with Si diodes

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