Important

Derivations

CLASS XI
PHYSICS

Exclusively for the students of

The Air Force School, Subroto Park
 CLASS XI
Subject: Physics
List of IMPORTANT DERIVATIONS
(Chapter2,3,4,5,6)

1. Prove that in an elastic one-dimensional collision between two bodies the

relative velocity of approach before collision is equal to relative velocity of
separation after the collision. Hence derive the expression for the velocities of
the 2 bodies in terms of their initial velocities before collision. What will be the
velocities of the body after collision if both bodies have the same mass?

2. Show that the total mechanical energy of a freely falling body remains
constant throughout its fall.

3. Plot a graph of spring force and displacement for a spring. Find the
expression for the potential energy of an elastic stretched spring.

4.What is perfectly inelastic collision? Show that kinetic energy is lost

during inelastic collision.is lost.

5. What is kinetic energy? Derive an expression for the same for a body of
mass m moving with a velocity v.

6. State work energy theorem. Prove the theorem.

7. Why are circular roads banked? Derive an expression for maximum velocity
of a car on a banked circular road having coefficient of friction 𝝁 hence write
the expression for maximum optimum velocity.
(Note: For optimum speed we take friction to be zero and take only the angle
of banking in the expression)

8. Draw the graph between friction and applied force on an object and show
static friction limiting friction and kinetic friction on the graph.

9. Explain why is it easier to pull a lawn mower than to push it.

10. State the laws of limiting friction.

11. A person of mass m is standing in a lift. Find the apparent weight when
the lift is
(i) moving upwards with uniform acceleration (ii) moving upwards with
uniform velocity
(iii) moving downwards with uniform acceleration (iv) moving downwards
with uniform velocity (v) falls freely.

12.Define angle of repose. Deduce the relation with coefficient of static friction.

13. State and prove the law of conservation of linear momentum.

14.Two masses m and M are connected at the two ends of an inextensible

string. The string passes over a smooth frictionless pulley. Obtain the
acceleration of the masses and tension in the string. Given M>m.

15. State the parallelogram law of vector addition. Find the resultant in
magnitude and direction of 2 vectors ⃑𝑷 ⃑⃑⃑ inclined at an angle 𝜽as the 2
⃑ and 𝑸
adjacent sides of a parallelogram.

16. Derive the three equations of motion.

17. A projectile is fired at an angle 𝜽 with the horizontal with the velocity v.
Deduce the expression for (i) maximum height reached (ii) time of flight and
(iii) range of the projectile.

18. A projectile is fired at an angle 𝜽 with the horizontal with the velocity v.
Show that the path of the projectile is parabolic.

19.Establish the relation between linear velocity and angular velocity in

uniform circular motion.

20. Define centripetal acceleration. Define an expression for centripetal

acceleration of a particle moving with uniform speed v along circular path of
radius r. What is the direction of this acceleration?
IMPORTANT DERIVATIONS (chapter7,8,9)
1. Derive an expression for the centre of mass of a 2-particle system.

2. Show that in the absence of an external force the velocity of the centre of
mass remains constant.
3. Derive the 3 equations of rotational motion under constant angular
acceleration.
4. Did you use the relation between torque and angular momentum.

5. A body is rotating with uniform angular velocity about an axis. Etablish

the formula for its kinetic energy of rotation.

6. Derive a relation between angular momentum, moment of inertia and

angular velocity of a rigid body.

7. State the law of conservation of angular momentum. Explain any two

applications for the law.

8. Derive a relation between torque applied and angular acceleration produced

in a rigid body.

9. Define radius of gyration of a body rotating about an axis .Derive an

expression for it. On what factors does it depend?

10. Derive an expression for the variation of acceleration due to gravity (i) with
altitude above the surface of the Earth (ii) with depth below the surface of Earth.

11. Show that the acceleration due to gravity at a height h above the surface
of the Earth has the same value as that at depth d = 2h below the surface of the
earth.

12. Explain gravitational potential at a point in gravitational field. Find

relation between gravitational field intensity and gravitational potential.

13. Define gravitational potential energy. Derive the expression for the same.
What is the maximum value of potential energy that can be possessed by a
heavenly body?

14. Define escape velocity .Derive an expression for the escape velocity of a
satellite projected from the surface of the earth.

15. Define orbital velocity of a satellite. Derive an expression for the orbital
velocity of a satellite.

16. State and explain Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.

17. Define stress and strain. Derive their units .What is Hooke’s law? Write its
one limitation.

18. Draw the stress versus strain graph for a metallic wire when it is stretched
up to a breaking point. On the graph mark (a) Hooks law region (b) Elastic
limit (c) yield point (d) breaking point.

19. What is elastic potential energy ? Derive an expression for the elastic
potential energy of a stretched wire . Prove that its elastic energy density is
equal to (1/2) x stress x strain.

20. Define Poisson’s ratio. Write an expression for it ? What is the significance
of negative sign in this expression?

IMPORTANT DERIVATIONS (chapter10,11,12,13,14,15)

1. State pascal's law. discuss its two practical applications.

2. Define terminal velocity Derive an expression for the terminal velocity of a

spherical ball falling through a viscous liquid.

3. State and prove Bernoulli’s principle for the flow of non-viscous

incompressible liquid in streamline flow. Give its limitations.

4. State and prove the equation of continuity.

5. Define surface tension and surface energy. Write units and dimensions of
surface tension. Prove that surface energy is numerically equal to the surface
tension.

6. Obtain expression for the excess pressure inside (i) a liquid drop (ii) a soap
bubble.

7. Derive an expression for the rise of liquid in a capillary tube. What will
happen if the length of the capillary tube is smaller than the height to which
the liquid rises? Explain briefly.

8. Liquid drop of diameter D breaks up into 27 tiny drops .Fnd the resultant
change in energy. take surface tension of the liquid a T.
9.(a) Explain why the roofs of thatched houses are blown off during a storm.
 (b) Explain how the insects run on the surface of water.
(c) Explain why the angle of contact of mercury with glass is obtuse while
that of water with glass is acute
(d) Explain why a drop of liquid under no external force is always spherical
in shape.

10. State the differences between streamline flow and turbulent flow. Why do
two stream lines not intersect each other?

11. Name the 3 modes of transfer of heat from one object to other. Also write
one example for each one of them.

12. What is black body? How can it be realised in practice?

13. Draw energy distribution curve for a blackbody at two different

temperatures T1 and T2 ( T1> T2). Write two conclusions that can be drawn
from these curves.

14. State Wiens distribution law. Write its mathematical expression.

15. State Stefan’s law. Write its mathematical expression..

16. State the factors on which the conduction of heat through a substance
depends. Obtain an expression for the heat conducted. Define coefficient of
thermal conductivity. Write its SI units.

17. Explain why

(a) a blast tumbler feels colder than a wooden tray on a chilly day.
(b) mercury is used in a thermometer.
(c) a small gap is left between the iron rails of railway.
(d) Clock pendulums are made of invar.
(e) Ice packed in sawdust.

18. Write the differences between adiabatic and isothermal process.

!9. Establish the relation between two specific heats of a gas. Which is greater
and why?

20. State the first law of thermodynamics. Write its limitations.

21. State the second law of thermodynamics.

22. What is an isothermal process? Derive an expression for work done during
an isothermal process.

23. What is an adiabatic process? Derive expression for the work done during
such a process.

24. What is meant by a thermodynamic reversible process?

25. Show that the average kinetic energy of a gas molecule is directly
proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas.

26. Write the fundamental postulates of the kinetic theory of an ideal gas.

27. State the law of equipartition of energy.

28. What is meant by mean free path of a gas molecule? Write an expression
for it.

29. Determine the value of 𝜸 for a diatomic gas.

30. Define degrees of freedom. Calculate the degrees of freedom of a monatomic

diatomic and triatomic gas molecules

31. Write down the differential equation of SHM.Give its solution.

32. Draw the graphical representation of SHM showing the(a) displacement

time curve (b) velocity time curve and (c) acceleration time curve.

33. Show that in an SHM the phase difference between displacement and
velocity is 𝝅/𝟐 and between displacement and acceleration is 𝝅.

34. Find an expression for the total energy of a particle executing SHM.

35. Show that the horizontal oscillation of a massless loaded spring are simple
harmonic .Deduce an expression for its time period.
36. Show that for small oscillations the motion of a simple pendulum is simple
harmonic. Derive an expression for its time period.
37. Show that when a body is suspended from a spring and it is pulled down
a little and released it executes SHM. Find the expression for its time period.

38. A body is executing simple harmonic motion. At what distance from its
mean position its energy is half kinetic and half potential.

39. State the differences between transverse wave and longitudinal wave.

40. What is a plane progressive way. Establish displacement relation for a

harmonic wave travelling along the positive direction of X axis.

41. Give differences between stationary wave and progressive wave.

42. Show that in a closed end organ pipe the first 3 harmonics are in the ratio
1:3:5.

43. Show that in an organ pipe open at both ends the first 3 harmonics are in
the ratio 1:2:3.

44. What are beats? Why the difference between two sounding bodies should
not be more than 10 Hertz for beats to be heard?

45. Define the term wave motion. Give four important characteristics of wave
motion.

46. State the principle of superposition of waves.

47. Find the first three modes of vibration in a stretched string fixed at both
ends.

48. Mention the two important properties which are medium must possess for
the propagation of mechanical waves through it. Through what type of media
can transverse waves and longitudinal waves be transmitted?

49. What is the difference between wave velocity and particle velocity in a
wave?
50. Deduce the relation between wave velocity, angular frequency and
propagation constant.