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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
NC AND CNC SYSTEM
1. Consider the following statements in the context of a CNC lathe machine:
1. The X axis controls the cross motion of the cutting tool
2. The Z axis controls the travel of the carriage towards or away from the headstock
3. The Y axis controls the motion of the job
4. The X-Y-Z axes are used for rotational movement of the table
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 3
2. Which of the step of "operator controlled machine tool" and "NC machine tool" is
similar?
(a) Component drawing (b) Control unit
(c) Recording on the tape (d) Programming
3. Which of the following is incorrect for NC machine tool?
(a) Instruction undergoes electronic processing and outcome is the pulsed command
(b) Instruction for manufacturing the components are given verbally to the instructive
and he executes the given instruction
(c) Control unit sends signals to drive unit of machine tool and to magnetic box
(d) Instruction for manufacturing the components are written in coded language and
read by tape recorder
4. Which of the following is not the actuation system of NC machine tool?
(a) Contour system (b) Pneumatic system
(c) Electromechanical system (d) Hydraulic system
5. Which of the following is not a true statement for CNC system?
(a) Operation of CNC machine is very easy relative to NC machine
(b) Programme to manufacture a component can be easily called in CNC relative to
NC machine
(c) Reprogramming in CNC is more difficult than NC system
(d) CNC machine has self-diagnostic features
6. Adaptive control feature is used:
(a) For automation
(b) Only to give better surface finish to the components

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(c) Only to reduce power consumed by machine

(d) For inventory control
7. Which of the following is incorrect?
(a) CNC machine can diagnose program
(b) CNC machine has higher flexibility in comparison to NC machine
(c) Data reading error in CNC machine is low in comparison to NC machine
(d) Conversion of units in CNC machine is not possible
8. General description of CAD does not consist of :
(a) Implementation (b) Synthesis (c) Presentation (d) Optimization
9. Machining time in NC and CNC machine tools is_____ in comparison to conversional
machine tool:
(a) More (b) Less (c) Unpredictable (d) Equal
10. APT is used
(a) in teaching of the beginners (b) in CAM for NC machine tools
(c) in inventory management (d) None of the above
11. CAE and CAM are linked through
(a) a common database and communication system
(b) NC-type programming and automated desing
(c) Assembly automation and tool production
(d) Parts production and testing
12. In a CNC machine tool, encoder is used to sense and control:
(a) Table position (b) Table velocity (c) Spindle speed (d) Coolant flow
13. What is the purpose of satellite computers in Distributed Numerical Control
machines?
(a) To act as stand by systems
(b) To share the processing of large size NC
(c) To serve a group of NC machines
(d) To network with another DNC setup
14. In which machining system, the highest level of automation is found?
(a) CNC machine tools (b) Automatic transfer machines
(c) Machine tools with electro hydraulic positioning and control
(d) DNC machining system

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15. Which one of the following has automatic tool changing unit and a component
indexing device :
(a) Machining center (b) NC system (c) CNC system (d) DNC system
16. In a CIM industry........... is also used as transportation means for work parts and tools.
(a) AGV (b) NC machine tool
(c) RCC device (d) None of these
17. Transfer machines can be defined as :
(a) Material Processing machines (b) Material handling machines
(c) Material Processing and Material handling machines
(d) Components feeders for automatic assembly
18. Punched tape is used in ?
(a) NC machine (b) CNC machine
(c) NC and CNC both (d) DNC machine
19. In a CNC machine tool, encoder is used to sense and control :
(a) Spindle speed (b) Spindle position
(c) Table position (d) All of these
20. Statement (I): The stepper motor is a device that produces rotation through equal
angles, the so-called steps, for each digital pulse supplied to its input.
Statement (II): Stepper motors can be used to give controlled rotational steps but
cannot give continuous rotation, as a result their applications are limited to step angles
only.
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the
correct explanation of Statement (I).
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true, but Statement (II) is
not the correct explanation of Statement (I).
(c) Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false.
(d) Statement (I) is false, but Statement (II) is true.
21. Which one is a valid variable declaration in FORTRAN?
(a) Real : : Celcius (b) Real Celcius
(c) Celcius Real (d) Real : : Celcius
22. A flow chart that outlines the main segments of any program:
(a) Micro (b) Queue (c) Macro (d) Union

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23. The method of CNC programming which enables the programmer to describe part
geometry using variables is
(a) Computer assisted part programming
(b) Computer aided drafting programming
(c) Conversational programming (d) Parametric programming
24. In FMS the tools are identified by means of :
(a) colour code (b) bar code (c) PLC (d) digital code
25. Goal Programming can involve:
(a) One objective; one constraint (b) One objectives; multi constraints
(c) Multi objectives; multi constraints (d) Multi objectives; one constraint
26. In measures of capacity, the system efficiency is expressed as ratio of–
(a) Actual output to the system capacity (b) Actual output to Design capacity
(c) System capacity to Design capacity (d) Design capacity to system capacity
27. SIMD represents an organization that.......
(a) Refers to a computer system capable of processing several programs at the same
time.
(b) Represents organization of single computer containing a control unit, processor
unit and a memory unit.
(c) Includes many processing units under the supervision of a common control unit
(d) None of the above
28. Oval shaped symbol is used in flow charts to show the–
(a) Decision box (b) Statement box (c) Error box (d) Start and end
29. Which of following register of the processor is connected to memory Bus?
(a) PC (b) MAR (c) RAM (d) IR
30. In C programs, a compiler is used to convert the given program into–
(a) Assembly language (b) Machine language
(c) Decimal language (d) None of these
31. Language used to solve complex mathematical computations is–
(a) FORTAN (b) COBOL (c) Pascal (d) Ada
32. "SCALE" command in AutoCAD is used to:
(a) To create multiple copies of the object (b) Measure the dimension of the object
(c) Enlarge of reduce the object proportionally

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(d) To rotate the object or a part of it around a point

33. The command in AutoCAD which is used to bevel the edge of object is known as:
(a) Offset (b) Chamfer (c) Fillet (d) Stretch
34. The command M02 is used in CNC programming for–
(a) Program Stop (b) End of Program (c) Spindle ON (d) Optional Stop
35. Consider the following components :
(1) A dedicated computer (2) Bulk memory
(3) Telecommunication lines
Which of these components are required for a DNC system?
(a) (1), (2) and (3) (b) (2) and (3)
(c) (1) and (2) (d) (1) and (3)
36. Machining centre is a
(a) NC machine tool (b) Transfer machine tool
(c) Group of automatic machine tools
(d) Next logical step beyond NC machine
37. The limitations of a pneumatically operated automatic control system is
(a) Complexity of components (b) Costly maintenance
(c) Suffers from the transmission lags and slow response
(d) None of the above
38. The function of interpolator in a CNC machine controller is to:
(a) Control spindle speed (b) Coordinate feed rates of axes
(c) Perform miscellaneous functions (tool change, coolant control etc)
(d) None of the above
39. CAE and CAM are linked through
(a) A common database and communication system
(b) NC type programming and automated design
(c) Assembly automation and tool production
(d) Parts production and testing
40. Flexible manufacturing allows for
(a) Automated design (b) Factory management
(c) Tool design and tool production
(d) Quick and inexpensive product changes

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41. Calligraphic is
(a) Coloured image (b) Coloured drawing
(c) Line drawing (d) Dot matrix
42. A technique for displaying applications where complex 3-D geometric are required
for the exterior shell of a product is called
(a) 2-D modeling (b) Solid modeling
(c) 3-D modeling (d) Surface modeling
43. Feed drives in CNC milling machines are provided by
(a) Synchronous motors (b) Induction motors
(c) Stepper motors (d) Servo-motors
44. The difference between CAD and CAM is that CAD software is directed at product
design while (CAM software is)
(a) Concerned with production and control of tool design
(b) Concerned with management programs
(c) Specifically for PC board design
(d) Designed for communications
45. Which one of the following is not the division of Flexible Manufacturing System
(FMS) Class?
(a) Flexible Manufacturing Module (FMM)
(b) Flexible Fabrication - Machining – Assembly System (FFMAS)
(c) Flexible Manufacturing Group (FMG)
(d) Flexible Manufacturing Technology (FMT)
46. CAD/CAM technology was initiated in the
(a) Die industry (b) Nuclear industry
(c) Aerospace industry (d) Medical industry
47. In NC part programming F-code indicates
(a) The type of motion or action is to be carried out
(b) The spindle speed at which the spindle rotates
(c) The type of tool
(d) The rate at which the spindle moves along a programming axis
48. The roles of rover operator in CIM system are
(a) The supervision of other Human Resources in the system

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(b) Making the tools ready for production

(c) Setting up the fixtures, pallets and tools for the system
(d) Reacting to unscheduled machine shops, identifying broken tools and tool
adjustments
49. The APT (Automatically Programmed Tools) language is used in
(a) Drafting system (b) NC machines
(c) Programmable controllers (d) Large automation system
50. The translation distances dx, dy is called as
(a) Translation vector (b) Shift vector
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither translation or shift but δ
51. MACRO subroutine is defined by the format
(a) MACRO = Parameter (b) Symbol = MACRO / Parameter
(c) MACRO / Parameter (d) MACRO
52. Choose the wrong statement:
(a) CNC computers control only one machine while DNC computer control many
machines using local networking
(b) CNC computers is an integrated part of the machine whereas DNC computer is
located at a distance from the machine
(c) DNC computers are having higher processing power than CNC computers
(d) DNC software done not take core of management of information flow to a group
of machines
53. In Retrieval CAPP system.
(a) No standard manufacturing plans are stored
(b) A standard process plan is stored in computer files for each part code number
(c) Engineering drawing specifications are translated into compute interpretable data
(d) Manufacturing plans are prepared
54. Most FEM software use
(a) Displacement method (b) Force method
(c) Skyline method (d) Stress method
55. Consider the following statements in the context of a CNC lathe machine:
1. The X axis controls the cross motion of the cutting tool
2. The Z axis controls the travel of the carriage towards or away from the headstock

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3. The Y axis controls the motion of the job

4. The X-Y-Z axes are used for rotational movement of the table
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 3
56. The term ATC in CNC machine tool means
(a) Automatic tool control (b) Automatic tool changer
(c) Automatic table contour (d) automatic tool coding
57. M06 represents the following instruction in CNC programming.
(a) Program stop (b) Tool change
(c) Coolant on (d) Spindle on
58. As shown figure 'L1' is expressed in APT as

(a) L1 = LINE / TANTO C1 (b) L1 = LINE / INTOF C1

(c) L1 = LINE / P1, LFT TANTO C1 (d) L1 = LINE / P1, RGT TANTO C1
59. In a 2-D CAD package, clockwise circular arc of radius, 5, specified from P1 (15, 10)
to P2 (10, 15) will have its center at
(a) (10,10) (b) (15,10) (c) (15,15) (d) (10,15)
60. The widely employed computer architecture for CAD/CAM application
(a) Mainframe-based system (b) Minicomputer-based system
(c) Microcomputer-based system (d) Workstation-based system
61. NC contouring is an example of
(a) Incremental positioning (b) Absolute positioning
(c) Point - to - point positioning (d) Continuous path positioning
62. During the executing of a CNC part program block NO20 GO2 X45.0 Y25.0 R5.0 the
type of tools motion will be
(a) Circular Interpolation-clockwise
(b) Circular Interpolation- counter clockwise
(c) Linear Interpolation (d) Rapid feel

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63. A line with tapering width can be easily created by using the.......tool.
(a) Line (b) Polyline (c) Eclipse (d) Circle
64. When setting up a mechanical drawing in AutoCAD the drafter should set units
to........
(a) Metric (b) Decimal (c) Fractional (d) Architectural
65. In computer aided drafting practice, an arc is defined by
(a) Two end points only (b) Center and radius
(c) Radius and one center point (d) Two end points and center
66. Out of the following which type of coding system is used in NC programming?
(a) Indian coding system (b) Binary coding system
(c) Discrete coding system (d) None of the above
67. In the G code of NC part programming, G21 refers to
(a) Input values specified in millimeters
(b) Return to reference point (c) Thread cutting in turning
(d) Dwell for a specified time
68. In NC part programming, M code specifies
(a) End of block function (b) Miscellaneous or auxiliary functions
(c) Tool selection function (d) Preparatory function
69. In automatically programmed tool (APT), motion commands are used to specify the
(a) Tool path (b) Dimensions
(c) Tolerance value (d) None of the above
70. CNC machines are best suited, when
(a) Production volumes are very high and there is no product variety
(b) Holes are to be bored at precise locations
(c) Very small production volumes and product varieties are involved, while accuracy
requirements are not very stringent
(d) A moderate production volume is combined with a moderate product variety and
contoured shapes are to be cut
71. In CAD, a solid model is generated by using 10 numbers of primitives. The total
number of Boolean operations required to generate the solid model would be
(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 4

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72. The completeness and unambiguity of a solid model are attributed to fact that:
Database stores both.............. and ................ information.
(a) Geometry and mathematical (b) Geometry and topology
(c) Pictorial and size (d) Design and data
73. Design of tools is a part of CAD or CAM?
(a) CAD (b) CAM (c) Both (d) None
74. Mass property calculations depend upon
(a) Geometry only (b) Topology only
(c) Geometry and topology (d) None
75. What type of format the IGES system uses?
(a) Binary (b) Non-binary (c) Program format (d) None of these
76. Scaling factors are always positive. Negative scale factors produce................
(a) Reflection (b) Crap (c) Zoom (d) Protrusion
77. In NC motion control system, the system which is capable of continuous and
simultaneous control of two or more axis refers to
(a) Continuous path system (b) Point to point path system
(c) Discrete system (d) None of the above
78. How many translators are required for 7 CAD/CAM systems using (a) direct and (b)
indirect translation?
(a) Direct: 42 and Indirect: 14 (b) Direct: 22 and Indirect: 14
(c) Direct: 12 and Indirect: 24 (d) None of the above
79. If the z-axis and x-axis of CNC lathe are provided with straight line controls, it is
possible to carry out
(a) Turning and facing only (b) Turning, facing and taper turning
(c) Turning, facing and thread cutting (d) Turning, facing and drilling
80. Machining of complex shapes on CNC machines requires
(a) Simultaneous control of x, y and z axes (b) Simultaneous control of x and y axes
(c) Independent control of x, y and z axes
(d) Independent control of x, y and z axes
81. The interpolator in a CNC machine controls
(a) Spindle speed (b) Coolant flow
(c) Feed rate (d) Tool change

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NC AND CNC SYSTEM

SOLUTIONS
1. Solution. (b) : For lathes, the x-axis is the cross-slide motion at a right angle to the
spindle axis. Simple CNC lathes are two-axis machines and have no y-axis. The axis
of motion that is parallel to the spindle axis is always the z-axis.
2. Solution. (a) : Component drawing step of "operator controlled machine tool" and
"NC machine tool" is similar.
3. Solution. (b) : Instruction for manufacturing the components are given verbally to the
instructive and he executes the given instruction is incorrect for NC machine tool.
4. Solution. (a) : Contour system is not the actuation system of NC machine tool.
5. Solution. (c) : Reprogramming in CNC is more difficult than NC system is not true
statement for CNC system.
6. Solution. (a) : Adaptive control feature is used for automation.
Adaptive control—Improvement in CNC machine tools depend on the refinement of
adaptive control, which is the automatic monitoring and adjustment of machining
conditions in response to variation in operation performance with a manually
controlled machine tool, the operator watches for changes in machining performance
and makes the necessary mechanical adjustment. An essential element of NC and
CNC machining, adaptive control is needed to protect the tool, the workpiece, and the
machine from damage caused by malfunctions or by unexpected changes in machine
behaviour. Adaptive control is also a significant factor in developing unmanned
machining techniques.
7. Solution. (d) : Conversion of units in CNC machine is not possible is incorrect.
8. Solution : (a) General description of CAD does not consist of Implementation
9. Solution: (b) Machining time in NC and CNC machine tools is less Comparison to
conversional machine tool.
10. Solution: (b) APT is used in CAM for NC machine tools.
11. Solution: (b) CAE and CAM are linked through NC type programming and
Automated design.
12. Solution: (a) In a CNC Machine tool, encoder is used to sense and control table
position.
13. Solution: (b) To share the processing of large size NC.

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14. Solution: (c) The highest level of automation is Machine tools with electro hydraulic
positioning and Control.
15. Solution: (a) Machining centre has automatic tool changing unit and a component
indexing device.
16. Solution: (a) In a CIM industry AGV is also used as transportation means for work
parts and tools.
17. Solution: (c) Transfer machines can be define as materials processing and materials
handling machines.
18. Solution: (a) Punch tape is used in NC machine.
19. Solution: (c) In a CNC machine tool, encoder is used to sense and control Table
position.
20. Solution. (c) : Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false.
21. Solution. (a) : Real : : Celcius
22. Solution. (c) : A flow chart that outlines the main segments of any program is macro.
23. Solution. (d) : Parametric programming
24. Solution: (b) In FMS the tools are Identified by means of bar Code.
25. Solution. (c) : Goal programming can involve multi objectives ; multi constraints.
26. Solution. (a) : In measure capacity, the system efficiency ratio is expressed as the
ratio of actual output to the system capacity.
27. Solution. (b) : SIMD represent an organization that computer of single computer
represents organization of single computer containing a control unit, processor unit
and a memory unit.
28. Solution. (d) : Oval shaped symbol is used in flow chart to represent the start and end.
29. Solution. (b) : The Memory Address Register (MAR) is the CPU register that either
stores the memory address from which data will be fetched to the CPU or the address
to which data will be sent and stored. In other words, MAR holds the memory
location of data that need to be accessed.
30. Solution. (b) : In C-language the complier is used to convert a given program in
machine language.
31. Solution. (a) : Fortan language is used for complex calculation of Mathematical
computations.

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32. Solution. (c) : "Scale" command in Auto CAD is used to enlarge or reduce the object
proportionally.
33. Solution. (b) : chamfer
34. Solution. (b) : The command M02 is used to end the program in CNC machine.
35. Solution. (a) : A dedicated computer, bulk memory and also telecommunication lines
are required for DNC system.
36. Solution. (c) :
• Machining centre is a group of automatic machine tools.
• It includes an automatic tool changer and a table that clamps the workpiece in place
against the tool.
37. Solution. (a) : The limitation of a pneumatically operated automatic control system is
more difficult or complexity because of the compressed air is used in system, to
transmit and control energy.
38. Solution. (b) : An Interpolator provides two functions-
(i) It computes individual axis velocities to drive the tool along the programmed path
at the given feed rate.
(ii) It generates intermediate coordinate position along the programmed path.
39. Solution. (a) : CAE and CAM are linked through A common database and
communication system.
40. Solution. (d) : Flexible manufacturing allows for quick and inexpensive product
changes.
41. Solution. (c) : Calligraphic is line drawing.
42. Solution. (d) : A technique for displaying applications where complex 3-D geometric
are required for the exterior shell of a product is called Surface modeling.
43. Solution. (d) : Feed drives in CNC milling machines are provided by servo-motors.
44. Solution. (a) : CAM software is concerned with production and control of tool
design.
45. Solution. (d) : Flexible manufacturing technology (FMT) is not the division of FMS
class.
46. Solution. (c) : CAD/CAM technology was initiated in the Aerospace industry.
47. Solution. (d) : In NC part programming F-code indicates the rate at which the spindle
moves along a programming axis.

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48. Solution. (d) : The roles of rover operator in CIM system are reacting to unscheduled
machine shops, identifying broken tools and tool adjustments.
49. Solution. (b) : The APT (Automatically Programmed Tools) language is used in NC
machines.
50. Solution. (c) : The translation distance dx, dy is called translation vector and shift
vector.
51. Solution. (b) : MACRO subroutine is defined by the format Symbol = MACRO /
Parameter.
52. Solution. (d) : DNC software done not take core of management of information flow
to a group of machines is a wrong statement.
53. Solution. (b) : In Retrieval CAPP system A standard process plan is stored in
computer files for each part code number.
54. Solution. (a) : Most FEM software use displacement method.
55. Solution. (b) : For lathes, the x-axis is the cross-slide motion at a right angle to the
spindle axis.
Simple CNC lathes are two-axis machines and have no y-axis. The axis of motion that
is parallel to the spindle axis is always the z-axis.
56. Solution. (b) : The term ATC in CNC machine tool means automatic tool changer.
57. Solution. (b) : M06 represents the tool change instruction in CNC programming.
58. Solution. (c) : L1 = LINE / P1, LFT TANTO C1
59. Solution. (c) : According to problem The figure indicates that the centre of arc is at O
(15, 15)

Note:-The answer given by the commission is option (a)

60. Solution. (d) : The widely employed computer architecturebfor CAD/CAM
application is workstation based system.
61. Solution. (d) : NC contouring is an example of continuous path positioning.

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62. Solution. (a) : Code GO2 represents the circular interpolation in clockwise direction.
To cut on are we use the codes GO2 and GO3 in which GO2 cuts in clockwise
direction and GO3 cuts in counter clockwise direction.
63. Solution. (b) : A line with tapering width can be easily created by using the polyline
tool.
64. Solution . (b) : Decimal
65. Solution. (d) : In computer aided drafting practice, an arc is defined by two points
and center.
– one end point and angle of arc and center.
– two end points angle of arc and radius.
66. Solution : (b) : NC machining is the form of programmable automation in which the
process is controlled by the number letters and symbols, here automation of medium
and small volume production (batch type) is done by some controls under the
instructions of a program. It requires more time for the execution of the job in
comparison with special purpose machine tool.
67. Solution: (a) : G21- Input values specified in milimeters.
68. Solution: (b) : M codes for coolant and other activities.
69. Solution: (a) : In automatically programmed tool (APT), motion command are used
to specify the tool path.
70. Solution: (d) : CNC machines are best suited when a moderate production volume is
combined with a moderate product variety and contoured shapes are to be cut.
71. Solution: (b) : In CAD, a solid mode is generated by using 10 numbers of primitives.
The total number of Boolean operations required to generate the solid model would be
9.
72. Solution: (b) : The completeness and unambiguity of a solid model are attributed to
fact that detabases stores both geometry and topology inforamtion.
73. Solution: (b) : Design of tools is a part of (CAM) computer-aided manufacturing.
74. Solution: (c) : Mass property calculation depends upon geometry and topology.
75. Solution: (a) : Binary.
76. Solution: (a) : Scaling factors are always positive. Negative scale factors produce
reflection.

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77. Solution: (a) : Continuous path system- In continuous path system, cutting tool
usually remains in contact with workpiece as it travels from one programmed point to
next continuous path controlled cause the tool to maintain continuous contact with the
part as the tool cuts a contour shape.
78. Solution : (a) : Direct : 42 and indirect : 14
79. Solution: (b) : If the z-axis and x-axis of CNC lathe are provided with straight line
controls, it is possible to carry out turning, facing and taper turning.
80. Solution. (a) : Machining of complex shapes on CNC machines requires
simultaneous control of x, y and z axes.
81. Solution. (c) : The interpolator in a CNC machine controls feed rate.

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