Lecture-7
OOP Concepts with Python
Content
● Defines class and object
● Encapsulation and data hiding
● Controlling access to attributes
● Properties for data access
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What is Object
Object have attributes (variables) and behaviour (Methods/Function)
Attributes are: name , colour etc.
Behavior : running, drinking etc.
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What is class?
A class is blue print form which individual object are created
name
colour
runningStyle()
drinkingMlikStyle()
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Syntax of Creating Python Class
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Create Person Class
Output: John
36
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The Self Parameter
• The self parameter is a reference to the current instance of the
class, and is used to access variables that belongs to the class.
• It does not have to be named self , you can call it whatever you
like, but it has to be the first parameter of any function in the
class. [it work like get() method in java]
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The __init__ Function
• The __init()__ function is called automatically every time the
class is being used to create a new object.
• All classes have a function called __init()__, which is always
executed when the class is being initiated. [it work like
constructor in java]
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Create Object
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Understanding Object Attribute and Behavior
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Encapsulation and Data Hiding
• Encapsulation means that the internal representation of an object
is generally hidden from view outside of the object’s definition.
• A class is an example of encapsulation as it encapsulates all the
data that is member functions, variables etc.
• In Python, all data attributes are accessible. You use attribute
naming conventions to indicate that attributes should not be
accessed directly from client code.
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Encapsulation (Public)
• Public members (generally methods declared in a class) are
accessible from outside the class. The object of the same class is
required to invoke a public method.
• All members in a Python class are public by default. Any member
can be accessed from outside the class environment.
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Encapsulation (Protected)
• Protected members of a class are accessible from within the class
and are also available to its sub-classes. No other environment is
permitted access to it. This enables specific resources of the
parent class to be inherited by the child class.
• Python's convention to make an instance variable protected is to
add a prefix _ (single underscore) to it. This effectively prevents it
to be accessed, unless it is from within a sub-class.
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Encapsulation (Private)
• Python doesn't have any mechanism that effectively restricts
access to any instance variable or method. Python prescribes a
convention of prefixing the name of the variable/method with
single or double underscore to emulate the behavior of protected
and private access specifiers.
• A double underscore __ prefixed to a variable makes it private.
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Example of Protected and Private
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Thank You
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