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EN Ch1 Part1

This document provides an overview of a course on basic computer architecture. It discusses topics that will be covered like the Von Neumann architecture, CPU, memory, I/O interfaces, and logical memory organization. It also provides the course duration, evaluation process, and recommended bibliography.

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13 views5 pages

EN Ch1 Part1

This document provides an overview of a course on basic computer architecture. It discusses topics that will be covered like the Von Neumann architecture, CPU, memory, I/O interfaces, and logical memory organization. It also provides the course duration, evaluation process, and recommended bibliography.

Uploaded by

Smail Smart
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1/30/2024

About the course


• Normal duration: (12 weeks)
30 hours of lectures and 18 hours of TD +TP.
• In TD :
Exercises on object handling.
• En TP :
– Simulation on the realization of combinatorial circuits.
– Simulation on the realization of sequential circuits.
– Simulation of machine code execution.
Mokrani Hocine • Evaluation:
[email protected]
Examen + TPs + mini-project + Contrôle.
1 2

Course objectives Bibliography


 Basic computer architecture.
 Notion of compilation/interpretation. • [681-451-4éd] M. Koudil, S.L. Khelifati. STRUCTURE
 Basic memory architecture. DES ORINATEURS. Office des Publications
 MIPS processor architecture. Universitaires.
 Assembler programming (Machine Code).
 Interruption and exception handling.
• [681-780] Paolo Zanella, Yves Ligier. ARCHITECTURE ET
TECHNOLOGIENDES ORDINATEURS.Dunod.

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Bases de l’architecture des Chapiter I (Introduction)


Ordinateurs
• Coding natural numbers.
• Coding real numbers.
• Character coding.  Computer architecture
• Combinatorial logic.
First Semester
• Combinatorial circuits.  Central memory organization
• Sequential circuits.
– Flip-flops.
– Synthesis of a sequential circuit.

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Ordinateur

Basic architecture

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Von Neumann architecture


Basic model variants
Main Central I/O
memory unit Interfaces

Central I/O I/O


Main
BUS unit Interface Interface(
memory
(1) 2)
• Universal model (Von Neumann model)
o A central unit: consisting of two units: control and processing units.
o Central memory: memory (RAM) for storing data (variables, arrays,
BUS(1) BUS(2)
structures, etc.) and instructions (programs).
o Input/output interfaces: components that enable communication with
input/output peripherals such as keyboards and displays.
o Bus: Component used to exchange data from the central unit to and from
main memory and I/O interfaces.
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Example of real architecture Central Unit

• Composed by the microprocessor.


• How it works:
o Interpret and execute instructions.
o Read and save results in memory.
o Communicate with exchange units.
• Characteristic:
o Clock frequency: MHz and GHz.
o The number of instructions executed per second.
o The size of the data to be processed (in bits).
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Input/output interfaces
Main memory
• They enable communication between the microprocessor
It contains the instructions of the program(s) and peripherals.
currently running and the data associated with • The interfaces communicate with external components
that program. using different protocols.

• Serial : consists in transmitting information bit by bit.


 ROM (Read Only Memory ) This is a read-only
• Parallel : Consists in transmitting bits of data in parallel.
memory.
 RAM (Random Access Memory ) data is lost when
the computer is switched off. Note :
• keyboard, monitor and sensors are Peripherals.
• Interfaces: USB, UART, PIO are interfaces.
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Logical memory

• Logical memory is how the processor (or programmer) sees


(physical) memory.

Central memory organization • Memory is defined as a set of N consecutive bytes whose first
address is 0 and whose last address is N-1.

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Logical memory Conclusion

• Data is stored in memory in binary form. We already know,


what a computer is and how memory is organized in general.
• Each byte can be addressed separately.

• Data can be stored in one or more memory locations. (A


memory cell may or may not be used).

• The data and instructions (commands) of a program are


stored in memory.

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