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Window Function SQL

Window functions allow calculations on rows within a partition or ordered result set, differing from aggregates by accessing multiple rows. Common types include ranking and analytic functions. The document provides an example using window functions to calculate average and current month sales by product from a sales table.

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Arie Yetti Nurami
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18 views

Window Function SQL

Window functions allow calculations on rows within a partition or ordered result set, differing from aggregates by accessing multiple rows. Common types include ranking and analytic functions. The document provides an example using window functions to calculate average and current month sales by product from a sales table.

Uploaded by

Arie Yetti Nurami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WINDOW FUNCTION SQL

Window functions are a powerful concept in SQL that allow you to perform calculations on a set
of rows within a partition or ordered result set. They differ from aggregate functions (like SUM,
COUNT, AVG) in that they can access and process data from multiple rows within a window
defined by you. This enables you to perform more complex calculations and data manipulations
within a single query.

Here's a breakdown of key aspects of window functions in SQL:

Types of Window Functions:

Several common window functions exist, each serving a specific purpose:

 Ranking Functions: Assign a rank or position to each row within a window based on a
specified ordering (e.g., RANK, DENSE_RANK, ROW_NUMBER).
 Analytic Functions: Perform calculations on values within a window, often used for
moving averages or cumulative totals (e.g., SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, LAG, LEAD).

Common Window Clauses:

 PARTITION BY: Divides the result set into partitions before applying the window
function. Calculations are performed independently within each partition.
 ORDER BY: Specifies the ordering of rows within each partition. The order by which
the window function "sees" the data.

Example:

Imagine you have a table sales that tracks product sales for each month. You want to calculate
the average sales for each product, along with the current month's sales for comparison. Here's
how you can achieve this using a window function:

SQL
SELECT
product,
month,
sales,
AVG(sales) OVER (PARTITION BY product) AS average_sales,
SUM(sales) OVER (PARTITION BY product ORDER BY month ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT
ROW AND CURRENT ROW) AS current_month_sales
FROM sales;
Use code with caution.
content_copy

This query calculates the average sales for each product (using AVG) and the current month's sales
for each product (using SUM with the ROWS BETWEEN clause).

Benefits of Window Functions:


 Complex Calculations: Perform intricate calculations within a single query, reducing the
need for subqueries or joins.
 Improved Readability: Enhance query readability by keeping complex logic within the
window function clause.
 Efficient Processing: Certain window functions can be optimized for performance by
database engines.

Learning Resources:

 https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-window-transact-sql?view=sql-
server-ver16
 https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tutorial-window.html
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ww71knvhQ-s (video tutorial)

Remember: Window functions add power and flexibility to your SQL queries. By
understanding their concepts and practicing with various functions, you can unlock new
possibilities for data analysis within your database.

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