Exercises 7.

One Sample Hypothesis Testing

1. A production filling operation has a historical standard deviation of 6 ounces. When in

perfect adjustment, the mean filling weight for the production process is 50 ounces. A
quality control inspector periodically selects at random 36 containers and uses the sample
mean filling weight to see if the process is in perfect adjustment.
a. State the null and alternative hypotheses.
b. Using a standardized test statistic, test the hypothesis at the 5% level of
significance if the sample mean filling weight is 48.6 ounces.
ANSWER
a. H 0 :  = 50
H1 :   50

b. X = 48.6
 =6
n = 36
 = 5%
Since we have a sample size larger than 30 and we know the population standard
deviation we can use the standardized normal methods.
Also, since H1 :   50 we have a two-tailed test.

So Z  = Z 2.5% = 1.96
2

X −  H0 48.6 − 50
The test statistic is Z, where Z = = = −1.4
 6
n 36

Reject Ho Reject Ho
Do NOT reject Ho

z
–1.96 0 1.96
–1.4
Conclusion: Do not Reject H 0 .We can infer that process is in perfect adjustment.

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2. A social scientist claims that the average adult watches less than 26 hours of television
per week. He collects data on 25 individuals’ television viewing habits and finds that the
mean number of hours that the 25 people spent watching television was 22.4 hours. If the
population standard deviation is known to be eight hours, can we conclude at the 1%
significance level that he is right?

ANSWER
a. H 0 :   26
H1 :   26

b. X = 22.4
 =8
n = 25
 = 1%
Although we have a sample size less than 30, we know the population standard deviation
and so we can use the standardized normal methods.
Also, since H1 :   26 we have a one-tailed test with rejection region to the left.

So Z = Z1% = −2.33

X −  H0 22.4 − 26
The test statistic is Z, where Z = = = −2.25
 8
n 25

Reject Ho
Do NOT reject Ho

z
–2.33 0
–2.25

Conclusion: Do not Reject H 0 .We can’t conclude at  = 1% that the social scientist is
right.

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3. A random sample of 100 observations from a normal population whose standard
deviation is 50 produced a mean of 75. Does the test statistic provide sufficient evidence
at the 5% level of significance to infer that the population mean is not 80?

ANSWER
a. H 0 :  = 80
H1 :   80

b. X = 75
 = 50
n = 100
 = 5%
Since we have a sample size larger than 30 and we know the population standard
deviation we can use the standardized normal methods.
Also, since H1 :   80 we have a two-tailed test.

So Z  = Z 2.5% = 1.96
2

X −  H0 75 − 80
The test statistic is Z, where Z = = = −1
s 50
n 100

Reject Ho Reject Ho
Do NOT reject Ho

z
–1.96 0 1.96
–1

Conclusion: Do not reject H 0 . There is not sufficient evidence at the  = 5% level of

significance to infer that the population mean is not 80.

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4. In testing the hypotheses H0: = 50 vs. H1:  P 50, we found that the standardized test
statistic is Z = -1.59. Calculate the p-value, and state your conclusion if  = 0.025.

ANSWER

Since H1 :   50 we have a two-tailed test.

The p-value is found from the test statistic of -1.59.

Do NOT reject Ho
44.41%
5.59% 5.59%
z
–1.59 0 1.59

The p-value is the area colored green above. That is 5.59% + 5.59% = 11.18%

Since p-value >, we will not reject the null hypothesis.

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5. Suppose that 10 observations are drawn from a normal population whose variance is
64. The observations are: 58, 62, 45, 50, 59, 65, 39, 40, 41 and 52. Test at the 10% level
of significance to determine if there is enough evidence to conclude that the population
mean is greater than 45.

ANSWER
a. H 0 :   45
H1 :   45

511
b. X = = 51.1
10
 =8
n = 10
 = 10%
Although we have a sample size less than 30, we know the population standard deviation
and so we can use the standardized normal methods.
Also, since H1 :   45 we have a one-tailed test with rejection region to the right..

So Z = Z10% = 1.28

X −  H0 51.1 − 45
The test statistic is Z, where Z = = = 2.41
 8
n 10

Reject Ho
Do NOT reject Ho

z
0 1.28
2.41

Conclusion: Reject H 0 .We can infer at the 10% level of significance there is enough
evidence to conclude that the population mean is greater than 45.

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6. In testing the hypotheses H0: = 20 vs. H1:  P 20, the following information were
given: _
 = 8.1, n=100, x = 18.1,  = 0.025.

a. Calculate the value of the test statistic

b. Set up the rejection region
c. Determine the p-value
d. Interpret the result.

ANSWER

H 0 :  = 20 X = 18.1
H1 :   20  = 8.1
n = 100
 = 2.5%
Since we have a sample size larger than 30 and we know the population standard
deviation we can use the standardized normal methods.
Also, since H1 :   20 we have a two-tailed test.

So Z  = Z1.25% = 2.24
2

X −  H0 18.1 − 20
a. The test statistic is Z, where Z = = = −2.35
 8.1
n 100
b.

Reject Ho = 1.25% Reject Ho = 1.25%

Do NOT reject Ho
48.25%

z
–2.24 0 2.24

Rejection area in each tail is 1.25% (2.5% divided by 2). We then know that the red
shaded area is 48.25% ( 50% - 1.25%). Using the normal tables we can work back from
the area of 48.25% to find the corresponding z value is -2.24. Likewise on the right hand
side.

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c.

The p-value is found from the test statistic of -2.35.

Do NOT reject Ho
0.94% 49.06% 0.94%

z
–2.35 0 2.35

The p-value is the area colored green above. That is 0.94% + 0.94% = 1.88%

d.Conclusion: Since p-value  , we will reject the null hypothesis. We can infer the
population mean is not equal to 20.

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7. A random sample of 10 college students was drawn from a large university. Their ages
are 22, 17, 27, 20, 23, 19, 24, 18, 19 and 24 years. The standard deviation of the sample is
3.2 and the mean of the sample is 21.3.

a. Estimate the population mean with 90% confidence interval.

b. Test to determine if we can infer at the 5% significance level that the
population mean is not equal to 20.

ANSWER

213
X = = 21.3
10
s = 3.2
n = 10
 = 10%
tn−1 = t 59% = 1.833 as we have 9 degrees of freedom.
2

s
a. The margin of error E = t
2 n
n −1
t = t 9
5% = 1.833 since
2

90% Confidence Interval

90%

5% 5%
–1.833 0 1.833
90%
s 3.2
The E = t = (1.833) = 1.855
2 n 10

The lower limit of the interval is X − E = 21.3 − 1.855 = 19.445

The upper limit of the interval is X + E = 21.3 + 1.855 = 23.155

The 90% confidence interval estimate for the population is (19.445,23.155).

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b.

ANSWER
a. H 0 :  = 20
H1 :   20

b.
213
X = = 21.3
10
s = 3.2
n = 10
 = 5%
tn−1 = t 29.5% = 2.262 as we have 9 degrees of freedom.
2

We have a sample size smaller than 30 and we do not know the population standard
deviation so we must use the t-distribution methods.
Also, since H1 :   20 we have a two-tailed test.

So tn−1 = t 29.5% = 2.262

2

X −  H 0 21.3 − 20
The test statistic is t, where t = = = 1.285
s 3.2
n 10

Reject Ho Reject Ho
Do NOT reject Ho

z
–2.262 0 2.262
1.285

c. Conclusion: Do not reject H 0 . We can not infer at the 5% significance level that the
population mean is not equal to 20.

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8. Domino’s Pizza in Big Rapids, Michigan, advertises that they deliver your pizza within
15 minutes of placing an order or it is free. A sample of 25 customers is selected at
random. The average delivery time in the sample was 13 minutes with a sample standard
deviation of 4 minutes.

a. Test to determine if we can infer at the 5% significance level that the

population mean is less than 15 minutes.

a. H 0 :   15
H1 :   15

b. X = 13
s=4
n = 25
 = 5%
We have a sample size smaller than 30 and we do not know the population standard
deviation so we must use the t-distribution methods.
Also, since H1 :   15 we have a one-tailed test with rejection region to the left.

So tn−1 = t 524% = −1.711 as we have 24 degrees of freedom.

X −  H 0 13 − 15
The test statistic is t, where t = = = −2.5
s 4
n 25

Reject Ho
Do NOT reject Ho

z
–1.711 0
–2.5

Conclusion: Reject H 0 . We can infer at the 5% significance level that the population
mean is less than 15 minutes.

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9. A researcher at the University of Fullerton medical school believes that coffee
consumption may increase the heart beat rate. Suppose it is known that the heart beat rate
is normally distributed with an average of 70 for adults. A random sample of 25 adults
was selected and it was found that their average heartbeat was 73 after coffee
consumption, with a standard deviation of 7.

a. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis.

b. Test the hypotheses at the 10% significance level to determine if we can
infer that coffee consumption increases the heart rate.

a. H 0 :   70
H1 :   70

b. X = 73
s=7
n = 25
 = 10%
We have a sample size smaller than 30 and we do not know the population standard
deviation so we must use the t-distribution methods.
Also, since H1 :   70 we have a one-tailed test with rejection region to the right..

So tn−1 = t10
24
% = 1.318 as we have 24 degrees of freedom.

X −  H 0 73 − 70
The test statistic is t, where t = = = 2.143
s 7
n 25

Reject Ho
Do NOT reject Ho

z
0 1.318
2.143

Conclusion: Reject H 0 .We can infer at the 10% significance level that coffee
consumption increases the heart rate.

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10. During a water shortage, a water company randomly sampled residential water meters
in order to monitor daily water consumption. On a particular day, a sample of 29 meters
showed a sample mean of 250 gallons and a sample standard deviation of 50 gallons.
Provide a 90% confidence interval estimate of the mean water consumption for the
population.

ANSWER

X = 250
s = 50
n = 29
 = 10%
t n−1 = t 528% = 1.701 as we have 28 degrees of freedom.
2

s
a. The margin of error E = t
2 n
n −1
t =t 28
5% = 1.701 since
2

90% Confidence Interval

90%

5% 5%
–1.701 0 1.701
90%

s 50
The E = t = (1.701) = 15.79
2 n 29

The lower limit of the interval is X − E = 250 − 15.79 = 234.21

The upper limit of the interval is X + E = 250 + 15.79 = 265.79

The 90% confidence interval estimate for the population is (234.21,265.79).

So we conclude that the mean water consumption for the population lies between 234.21
gallons and 265.8 gallons.

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