LANG’ATA BOYS HIGH SCHOOL.

GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1.
FORM ONE.

TOPIC 1. INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY.

1. Define the following terms: (2marks)
(a)Geography –

(b)Environment –

(c )Name two divisions of physical Geography

2. (a)What is the relationship between Geography and Mathematics. (2marks)

(b)State four reasons why it is important to study Geography. (4marks)

3. (a)State three reasons why it is important to study Geography. (3marks)

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 (b)Identify three ways in which Geography is related to Agriculture. (3marks)

TOPIC 2. EARTH AND SOLAR SYSTEM.

1. (a) (i)Give the two dates in a year during which the number of hours of darkness is equal in
both the north and south poles. (2marks)

(ii)Why do the lengths of days and nights vary from one part of the earth to another?

(b)The diagram below shows the revolution of the earth around the sun. Use it to answer the
questions that follow.

(i)If the earth takes 366 days to make a complete revolution during a leap year, how long will it
take to move from position 1 to position 4? (1mark)

(ii)What season is experienced in the southern hemisphere when the earth is in position 1?
(1mk)

2. (a)What is the solar system? (1mark)

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 (b)Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow:

(i)What type of eclipse is represented by the diagram? (1mark)

(ii)Name the features marked L and M. (2marks)

3. The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question
(a)

(a)Name the parts marked U and V. (2marks)

U–

V–

(b)Describe the composition of the; (i)Crust. (ii)Core. (8marks)

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4. (a)What is Latitude? (2marks)

(b)What is the time at Hola on 40°E when the time at Tema on 0° Longitude is 12:00 noon?
(2marks)

5. (a)Name two theories of the origin of the earth. (2marks)

(b)Name four layers of the earth’s atmosphere. (4marks)

6. The diagram below shows the composition of the Solar System.

(a)Name the planets marked F and G. (2marks)

(b)State three effects of the rotation of the earth on its axis. (3marks)

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7. (a)State two effects of the rotation of the earth. (2marks)

(b)Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

(i)Which movement of the earth is represented by the diagram? (1mark)

(ii)Give two effects of the movement represented by the diagram. (2marks)

8. The diagram below represents the structure of the earth. Use it to answer questions (a)

(a)Name: (i)The parts marked P and Q. (2marks)

(ii)The discontinuity marked R. (1mark)

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 (b)State three characteristics of the mantle. (3marks)

9. (a)The diagram below shows an eclipse. Name the features marked V and W. (2marks)

(b)State four proofs that the shape of the earth is spherical. (4marks)

10. (a)What is a line of longitude? (2marks)

(b)What is the local time at Alexandria 30° E when the local time at Malindi 40° E is 12:00
noon? (2marks)

11. Give three components of the solar system. (3marks)

12. (a)Name the two layers of discontinuity that are part of the interior structure of the earth.
(2marks)
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 (b)State three characteristics of the outer core in the interior structure of the earth. (3marks)

13. (a)Name the first two planets of the solar system. (2marks)

(b)Explain the origin of the earth according to the Nebula Cloud Theory. (8marks)

Use the map below to answer questions C (i).

( C) (i)Name: - The continent marked W. (1mark)

-The Ocean marked X. (1mark)

-The line of longitude marked Y. (1mark)

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 (ii)Give two reasons why the earth has a spherical shape. (4marks)

(iii)State four effects of the rotation of the earth on its axis. (4marks)

(D) Describe the structure of the earth’s crust. (4marks)

14. (a) (i)Describe the solar system. (2marks)

(ii)The local time at Manual 60°W is 11:30 a.m. What is the time in Nairobi 37° E. (3marks)

(b) (i)State five characteristics of the mantle in the interior structure of the earth. (5marks)

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 (ii)Outline the evidence which support the theory of continental drift. (4marks)

(c)The diagram below represents the revolution of the earth.

(i)Name the Solstice marked P. (1mark)

(ii)Identify the season represented in the region marked Q. (1mark)

(iii)Describe the climatic conditions in Europe when the earth is in position R. (3marks)

(d)With the aid of a well labelled diagram, describe the occurrence of the solar eclipse.
(6marks)

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15. The diagram below represents the structure of the earth. Use it to answer question (a).

(a)Name: (i)The layers marked E and F. (2marks)

(ii)The minerals that make up the layer marked G. (2marks)

(b)Give two effects of the rotation of the earth on its axis. (2marks)

16. Name three features that make up the hydrosphere. (3marks)

17. (a)Define the term atmosphere. (2marks)

(b)State the composition of the inner core. (3marks)

Give three characteristics of comets. (3marks)

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TOPIC 3. WEATHER.

1. (a)Name two elements of weather that can be recorded at a school weather station.
(2marks)

(b)Give three reasons why the recording of data at a school weather station may be
inaccurate. (3marks)

2. (a)State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of fog. (2marks)

(b)The diagram below shows some types of clouds. Use it to answer the questions that
follow.

(i)Name the clouds marked R. (1mark)

(ii)Give two weather conditions associated with cumulonimbus clouds. (2marks)

3. (a)State three characteristics of the inter- tropical convergence Zone. (3marks)

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 (b)With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe how relief rainfall is formed. (6marks)

4. The tables below represent rainfall and temperature of stations X and Y. Use them to
answer questions (a) and (b).

STATION X.

Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
s
Temp 30 31 31 31 30 29 28 28 29 29 29 30
in °C
Rainfall 250 250 325 300 213 25 25 25 100 275 380 200
in mm

STATION Y.

Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
s
Temp 21 20 20 17 15 13 12 13 15 16 18 20
in °C
Rainfall 12 12 15 50 90 110 87 87 50 35 20 15
in mm

(a)For each of the two stations, calculate the mean annual range of temperature. (2marks)

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(b)(i) Calculate the annual rainfall for station Y. (2marks)

(ii)On the graph provided, draw a bar graph to represent the rainfall for station X. Use a vertical
scale of 1cm to represent 50mm. (5marks)

(c )Describe the climatic characteristics of station Y. (6marks)

(d)(i) Describe how conventional rainfall is formed. (6marks)

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(ii)Explain two problems associated with conventional rainfall in the Lake region of Kenya. (4marks)

5. Name three instruments to match three elements of weather that can be measured at a
school weather station. (3marks)

6. (i)Describe a suitable site where you would locate a weather station in your school.
(2marks)

(ii)Give reasons why a Stevenson’s screen is painted white and has louvers. (4marks)

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7. You are supposed to carry out a field study on the weather within your school compound.

(i)Describe how you would use the following instruments during the field study.

-The hygrometer (3marks)

-The rain gauge (3marks)

(ii)State two ways in which the information collected during the field study would be
useful to the local community. (2marks)

8. (a)The diagram below shows a six’s Thermometer. Name the parts marked P, Q and R.
(3marks)

(b)The table below shows temperature readings at a weather station for one week.

Temp/ MON TUE WED THUR FRI SAT SUN

Day
Max °C 28 27 28 26 29 29 26

Min °C 18 18 20 16 22 21 19

Calculate the following: (i)The diurnal range of temperature for Tuesday. (1mark)
(ii)The mean temperature for Saturday. (1mark)

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9. (a) Apart from water vapour, name two other substances that are suspended in the
atmosphere. (2marks)

(b)(i) Give two factors that are considered when classifying clouds. (2marks)

(ii)Name two types of clouds that give rise to rainfall in the tropical regions. (2marks)

10. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows.

-Outline the process through the moist winds shown go through to eventually become dry
winds. (5marks)

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11. (a)Outline the steps followed when measuring humidity using a hygrometer. (3marks)

(b)Give two factors that influence relative humidity. (2marks)

12. The diagram below shows the angles of the sun’s rays at different latitudes when the sun
is at the equator. Use it to answer questions (a) and (b)

(a)Name the parts of the earth’s surface marked J and K. (2marks)

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 (b)Give two reasons why the intensity of the insolation is higher at M than at N. (2marks)

13. (a)What is land breeze? (2marks)

(b)Give two ways in which sea breezes influence the adjacent land. (2marks)

14. (a)(i) State three conditions that are necessary for siting a weather station. (3marks)

(ii)Give four reasons why weather forecasting is important. (4marks)

The table below shows the temperature and rainfall figures for a weather station in Kenya.
Use it to answer question (b) and (c )

Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
Mean
monthly 16.2 16. 17.1 17. 16.1 15. 15.2 15.0 16.0 16. 16.1 16.3
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temp.in 5 1 2 1
°C
Rainfall
2125 mm 100 104 175 232 323 218 196 231 196 152 127 71

(b)Calculate (i)The mean annual temperature for the station. (2marks)

(ii)The annual range of temperature for the station. (2marks)

(c )(i)On the graph paper provided, draw a bar graph to represent the rainfall figures for the

Station. Use a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 20mm. (5marks)

(ii)Describe the characteristics of the climate experienced at the weather station. (3marks)

(d)Suppose you visited a weather station for a field study on weather.

(i)Give three methods you would use to collect data. (3marks)

(ii)State three advantages of studying weather through fieldwork. (3marks)

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15. (a)Name two forms of precipitation that commonly occur in Kenya. (2marks)

(b)What is a Stevenson’s Screen? (2marks)

16. The diagram below represents the structure of the atmosphere. Use it to answer
questions below.

(a)Name: (i)The parts marked P and Q. (2marks)

(ii)The layer of discontinuity marked R. (1mark)

(b)State two characteristics of the weather conditions in the troposphere. (2marks)

17. (a)(i) Define the term weather. (2marks)

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 (ii)Explain how the following factors influence weather.

-Cloud cover. (4marks)

-Local winds. (4marks)

The diagram below represents a weather measuring instrument. Use it to answer question
b.

(b)(i) Which element of weather is measured using the instrument shown above? (1mark)

(ii)Describe how the above instrument is used. (3marks)

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The table below shows the temperature and rainfall readings for a station T in one week. Use
it to answer question (c )

Day Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun

Temp °C 23 23 24 21 25 25 23
Rainfall
in mm 50 49 55 45 60 60 49

(C) (i)Calculate -The range of temperature for the week. (1mark)

-The mean weakly rainfall. (2marks)

(ii) State four characteristics of the weather in station T. (4marks)

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 (d) Give four characteristics of the stratosphere. (4marks)

18. (a)What is weather forecasting? (2marks)

(b)Give three elements of weather. (3marks)

TOPIC 4. MINERALS AND ROCKS.

1. (a)(i) What is a rock? (2marks)

(ii)Describe the three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed. (6marks)

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(b) Describe two processes through which sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic
rocks. (4marks)

(c )Give an example of each of the following types of igneous rocks. (3marks)

(i)Plutonic rocks –

(ii)Hypabyssal rocks –

(iii)Volcanic rocks –

(d)Suppose you were to carry out a field study of rocks within the vicinity of your school.

(i)Name three secondary sources of information you would use to prepare for the field
study. (3marks)

(ii)State four activities you would carry out during the field study. (4marks)

(iii)State three problems you are likely to experience during the field study. (3marks)

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2. (a)In each case name the type of rock which results from the metamorphism of: (2marks)

(i)Granite - (ii)Clay –

(b)Give two reasons why sedimentary rocks are widespread in the Coastal plain of Kenya.
(2marks)

3. (a)State two characteristics of sedimentary rocks. (2marks)

(b)Give two examples of chemically formed sedimentary rocks. (2marks)

4. (a)Describe the following characteristics of minerals.

(i)Colour- (2marks)

(ii)Cleavage- (2marks)

(iii)Hardness- (2marks)

(b)(i) Give two types of igneous rocks. (2marks)

(ii)Explain three conditions necessary for the growth of coral polyps. (6marks)

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 (c )State four uses of rocks. (4marks)

(d)You are planning to carry out a field study on rocks within your school environment.

(i)Give two secondary sources of information you would use to prepare for the field
study. (2marks)

(ii)State why you would need the following items during the field study. (2marks)

(i) A fork jembe –

(ii) A polythene bag –

(iii)Suppose during the field study you collected marble, sandstone and granite, classify
each of these samples according to its mode of formation. (3marks)

5. (a)Give two examples of non- metallic minerals. (2marks)

(b)Why is industrial diamond used in shaping hard stones and metals? (1mark)
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6. (a)Differentiate between the processes of the formation of plutonic rocks and volcanic
rocks. (2marks)

(b)For each of the following sedimentary rocks, name the resultant rock that forms after
metamorphism. (3marks)

(i)Sandstone –

(ii)Limestone –

(iii)Clay –

7. (a)What is a rock? (2marks)

(b)Give three characteristics of sedimentary rocks. (3marks)

8. (a)(i) What is a mineral? (2marks)

(ii)Describe the following characteristics of minerals. (6marks)

Lustre –

Colour –

Density –

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(b)(i) Name two examples of extrusive igneous rocks. (2marks)

(ii)Describe three ways in which sedimentary rocks are formed. (9marks)

(c ) Explain the significance of rocks to the economy of Kenya under the following
subheadings.

Tourism - (2marks)

Energy - (2marks)

Water - (2marks)

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9. Name two types of hypabyssal rocks. (2marks)

10. (a)What is a metamorphic rock? (2marks)

(b)Give three examples of metamorphic rocks. (3marks)

11. (a)(i) Apart from metamorphic rocks, name two other categories of rocks. (2marks)

(ii)Describe the following processes of formation of metamorphic rocks.

-Dynamic metamorphism. (4marks)

-Thermal metamorphism. (4marks)

(b)Explain three ways in which rocks are significant to human activities in Kenya. (6marks)

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 (c )You intend to carry out a field study on the types of rocks within the school locality.

(i)Identify three items that you will carry during the study. (3marks)

(ii)State three activities that you will be involved in during the study. (3marks)

(iii)List three types of metamorphic rocks that you are likely to identify. (3marks)

12. (a)(i) What is a rock? (2marks)

(ii)Give two examples of plutonic igneous rocks. (2marks)

(b)Describe the processes of formation of each of the following types of sedimentary

rocks.

(i)Mechanically formed- (4marks)

(ii)Organically formed (4marks)

(c )State the characteristics of rocks. (5marks)

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(d)You are planning to carry out a field study on rocks within the local environment.

(i)List three methods you would use to record data. (3marks)

(ii)State three problems you are likely to encounter. (3marks)

(iii)Give two economic uses of rocks you are likely to identify. (2marks)

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