Census

What is Census
Population census is the total process of collecting,compiling,analyzing or otherwise disseminating
demographic,economic, and social data pertaining at a specific time of all the persons in a country or
a well defined part of a country.

Who is responsible to conduct Census

The decennial Census is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner,
Ministry of Home Affairs.
Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India with effect from 1st November 2022 is
Mr.Mritunjay Kumar Narayan.
Census is conducted under the provisions of the Census Act,1948.

History of Census
The 1st complete census of an Indian city was conducted in 1830 by Henry Walter in Dacca (now
Dhaka)."Henry Walter" is known as the Father of Indian Census.
1st Non-Synchronous Census was conducted in 1872 during the regin of Governor-General Lord Mayo.
1st Synchronous Census was taken under the British rule on 17th February 1881 under Lord Rippon,
by W.C. Plawden (Census Commissioner of India).
Since then,census have been undertaken uninterruptedly,once every ten years (Decennial Census).
The 1st Census of Independent Indian began on 9th February 1951.

Salient Features of Census 2011

C.M. Chandramauli was the Registrar General and Census Comimissioner for the 2011 census.
Slogan of Census 2011 - "Our Census Our Future".
It is the 15th Census since 1872.
It is the 7th Census since Independence.
It is the largest census in the human history ever conducted by any government till now.
35 States and Union Territories or 640 Districts were included in the census.

Population & Decadal Growth

India's Total Population stands at 1.21 Billion or 121 Crore with Male Population of 62.4 Billion
(51.54%) and Female Population of 58.7 Billion (48.46%).
17.5% of Total World Population resides in India and 19.9% in China.
India's Population grew by 17.7% (18.1 Billion) during 2001-11 against 21.5% in the previous decade.
Annual Population grrowth rate stood at 1.64%.

Important Facts

Population
State with Highest Population Uttar Pradesh (16%) > Mahrashtra > Bihar
State with Lowest Population Sikkim
Union Territory with Highest Population Delhi
Union Territory with Lowest Population Lakshdweep
District with Highest Population Thane (Maharashtra)
District with Lowest Population Dibang Valley (Arunachal Pradesh)
City with Highest Population Mumbai (Maharashtra)
 Child Population (0-6 Years)
State with Highest Population between 0-6 Years Bihar
District with Highest Population between 0-6 Years Kupwara (Jammu & Kashmir)
District with Lowest Population between 0-6 Years Kolkata (West Bengal)
Total Population - 15.9 Billion (13.1% of Total Population) (-3.08% as compared to 2001 Census)

Decadal Growth
State with Highest Decadal Growth Meghalaya (27.8%)
State with Lowest Decadal Growth Nagaland (-0.47%) < Kerela
Union Territory with Highest Decadal Growth Dadra and Nagar Haveli (55.5%)
District with Highest Decadal Growth Kurung Kumey (111%) (Arunachal Pradesh)
District with Lowest Decadal Growth Longleng (Nagaland)

Overall Decadal Growth

Highest Decadal Growth - 1961-1971 (24.8%)
Lowest Decadal Growth - 1911-1921 (-0.31%) (Year of Great Divide)

Population Density
State with Highest Population Density Bihar (1106)
State with Lowest Population Density Arunachal Pradesh (17)
Union Territory with Highest Population Density Delhi (11297)
Union Territory with Lowest Population Density Andaman & Nicobar Islands (46)
District with Highest Population Density North Eastern Delhi
District with Lowest Population Density Dibang Valley (Arunachal Pradesh)
Average Population Density of India - 382 Persons/sq Km (2011) & 325 Persons/sq Km (2001)

Sex Ratio
State with Highest Sex Ratio Kerela (1084)
State with Lowest Sex Ratio Haryana (879)
Union Territory with Highest Sex Ratio Pondicherry (1037)
Union Territory with Lowest Sex Ratio Daman and Diu (618)
District with Highest Sex Ratio Mahe (1167)
District with Lowest Sex Ratio Daman (533)
Average Sex Ratio of India - 943 Females / 1000 Males

Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years)

State with Highest Sex Ratio between 0-6 Years Mizoram
State with Lowest Sex Ration between 0-6 Years Haryana
District with Highest Population between 0-6 Years Lahol & Spiti (Himachal Pradesh
District with Lowest Population between 0-6 Years Jhajjar (Haryana)
Sex Ratio in 2001 - 927 Sex Ratio in 2001 - 927

Literacy Rate
State with Highest Literacy Rate Kerela (94%) > Mizoram
State with Lowest Literacy Rate Bihar (61.8%) < Arunachal Pradesh < Rajas.
Union Territory with Highest Literacy Rate Lakshdweep (91.85%)
Union Territory with Lowest Literacy Rate Dadra and Nagar Haveli (76.24%)
District with Highest Literacy Rate Serchhip (Mizoram)
District with Lowest Literacy Rate Alirajpur (Madhya Pradesh)
Literacy Rate of India - 74.04% (2011) & 64.83% (2001)
Males - 82.14% Females - 65.46%
Difference between Male and Female Literacy Rate -16.68%
State with Highest Difference in Male and Female Literacy Rate - Rajasthan
 SC & ST Population
State with Highest SC Population Uttar Pradesh
State with Lowest SC Population Mizoram
State with Highest ST Population Madhya Pradesh
Union Territory with Highest SC Population Delhi
Union Territory with Highest ST Population Lakshdweep
Percentage of SC in India - 16.6% (20.1 Billion)
Percentage of ST in India - 8.6% (10.5 Billion)

Rural Urban Divide

Rural Urban Divide

States with Highest Rural Population Uttar Pradesh > Bihar > West Bengal
States with Lowest Rural Population Sikkim < Mizoram < Goa
States with Highest Urban Population Maharashtra > Uttar Pradesh > Tamil Nadu
States with Lowest Urban Population Sikkim < Arunachal Pradesh < Mizoram
Rural Popualtion - 83.3 Billion (68.8%) Urban Popualtion - 37.7 Billion (31.2%)
Rural Highest in % Terms - Himachal Pradesh Urban Highest in % Terms - Goa

Religion Based Population

Religious Group 2001(%) 2011(%)

Hinduism 80.46% 79.80%
Islam 13.43% 14.23%
Christianity 2.34% 2.30%
Sikhism 1.87% 1.72%
Buddhism 0.77% 0.70%
Jainism 0.41% 0.37
Zoroastrianism 0.06% n/a
Other Religions / No Religion 0.72% 0.90%
Highest Decadal Growth - Islam Lowest Decadal Growth - Jainism
Highest Literacy Rate - Jainism Lowest Literacy Rate - Islam

Miscellaneous
Census Management & Monitoring System (CMMS) has been developed for 2024 Census.
Demographic Dividend is defined as the working age group between 15 to 64 years or 20 to 59 years.
Percentage of Total Migrants from Nepal - 15.1%