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Applet File Online One

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34 views6 pages

Applet File Online One

Uploaded by

aaryanbhatnagar04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applet :-

Applets a re small java program that are used for the internet. They are stored on an Internet Server,
transported over the Internet and automatically installed and executed as a part of a Webpage on the client
machine. Applets can perform arithmetic operation, display graphics, play sounds, accept user inputs, create
animations and support interactive games. Before the introduction of applets, web pages were not as interactive
and dynamic as today.
After an applet arise the client machine via a web page, it has a very limited access to the resources of
that machine and so, it can run several GUI applications without introducing the risk of viruses.

What is HTML :-
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) describes the layout of a webpage. HTML is simply a vehicle to
indicate the elements of a webpage. An HTML file is written using either notepad or edit or any ASCII text
editor. Web pages contain several HTML tags which reflect how the webpage will look like.

Applets and HTML :-


The basic idea of how to use an applet in a webpage is very simple. The HTML tags tell the web
browser which applets to load and which to display them on the webpage.

Creating an Applet :-
Step 1
Building the applet code :-
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class MyFirstApplet extends Applet {
public void paint (Graphics g) {
g.drawString ("Hello world", 20, 20);
} }
Analysis of the above Applet :-
 In java any GUI based program should import the awt package because the awt package contains the
relevant classes for creating the GUI.
 Any applet should extend in the applet package and hence we have to imports that package.
 Since the HTML page which embeds the applet may not remain in the same package where the applet
is, the applet is to be declared as public.
 When ever we want to write or draw something on an applet window we need to override the paint()
method. The paint() takes as arguments on a object of the Graphics class.
 drawingstring which written a text on the applet window and is a method of the Graphics class. Within
the drawstring() method we need to specify the co-ordinates on the applet window from where the
screen is to be written.
Step 2
Create the executable applet :-
Save the above applet code as MyFirstApplet.java. Compile the file to get MyFirstApplet.class.
Step 3
Design the webpage and the applet to it.
<html>
<head>
<title>This is my first applet</title>
</head>
<body><center>
<H1>Welcome to applet</H1>
</Center>
<BR><center>
<applet
code="MyFirstApplet"
width=400
1
hight=400>
</applet>
</center>
</body>
</html>
Save this file as MyFirstApplet.html in the same folder where MyFirstApplet.java and MyFirstApplet.class are.
Step 4
Extending the Applet :-
We can execute the applet in two different ways
1. By using Java enabled web browser and
2. By using applet viewer.
1. When ever we save the html file with html extension, the file will be saved as a webpage. We can view
(or execute) the applet by climbing on the html file the outcome will be ––

This is my …..

Welcome to applets

HELLO

2. We can execute the applet by writing


C:\Myjava>appletviewer MyFirstApplet.html.

Hello world
400

Applet started

400
Setting foreground and background colors :-
The background color of an applet can be changed by ––
setBackground(Color.c);
The foreground color (color of the text on the applet) can be enhanced by ––
setForeground(Color.c);
where c is any valid color constant of the color class.
For ex.
Color.blue; Color.red; Color.cyan; Color.pink; Color.black; etc.
Using the Status Bar :-
We can use the status bar to write user defined messages out there by using–– showStatus("Applets are great");

Applets are great


2
Applet class hierarchy :-

Object lang

Component awt

Container awt

Window Panel
awt awt

Frame awt Applet applet

J Frame string J Applet string

Applet life cycle :-


Thought out its life time an applet passes through the following stage.
1. Initialization.
2. Running.
3. Idle.
4. Dead.
1. Initialization Stage :- An applet is initialized when it is first loaded in to a web browser. It is achieved
by the init() method.
2. Running Stage :- An applet enters the running stage when the stage method is called. The start method
is called automatically by the init() method. The start() is also called when an applet is reloaded in the
web browser. That is when an applet returns to running stage from an Idle stage.
3. Idle Stage :- An applet enters into the idle stage when the stop() method is called. The stop() is called
when the web browser leaves the applet temporarily.
4. Dead Stage :- An applet enters the dead stage when the destroy() method is called. The destroy()
method is called when the web browser quits the applet.

Begin init() Initali- stop()


zation start()

Applet loaded into the


browser Runn- Idle
ing
destroy()

paint() Applet exit


Dead from the
start() End
browser

3
Applet Method :-
An applet contains several methods line init(), start(), paint(), destroy(), repaint(). Among these simple
applets does not need to override init(), start(), stop() and destroy(). The only method that ernoy applet should
override is the paint(). But complex real life applets need to override all of the above method.
The above methods are called in the following sequence :-
1. init() ->
 Called once for all when the applet is loaded.
 Create objects needed by the applet, initialized variables, set background and foreground colors,
load images etc. within init().
2. start() ->
 Called after init() to start the applet.
 Also called to restart an applet after it has been stopped.
 Create threads that will control the applet.
3. paint() ->
 Calls after the applet being execution.
 Called when ever the output of the applet is to be redrawn or up dated.
4. repaint ->
 repaint() is actually called to invoke the paint method because paint can't be called explicitly.
5. stop() ->
 Called when the browser leaves the webpage containing the applet.
 Threads that don’t need to run when the applet has been stopped are stopped rare.
6. destroy() ->
 Called when the applet is removed from the memory.
 Terminates all threads rare.
 The stop() is called every time the destroy() is called.

/*Programs to exhibit the sequence in which the applet methods are called*/
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
/* <applet
lode="Method Sequence"
width=600
hight=600>
</applet>
*/
public class MethodSequence extends Applet {
String msg = " ";
Public void init() {
msg =msg+"from init()..";
}
public void start() {
msg = msg+ "from start..()";
public void paint(Graphics g){
msg = msg+"from paint()..";
g.drawString(msg,50,50);
} }

Save this as MethodSequence.java O/P->


Compiled as javac MethodSequence.java
Execute this as
C:>applet viewer MethodSequence.java from init()..
from start()..
from paint()..

4
Example :-
/*Applet and MultiThreading*/
import java.awt.*;
import java.aplet.*;
import java.utill.*;
/* <applet
code = "Threaded Applet"
width=700
height=700>
</applet>
*/
public class ThreadedApplet extends Applet implements Runnable {
Thread t;
string msg=" Deptof C.S";
public void init() {
setBackground(Color.gray);
setForeground(Color.red);
setFont(new Font ("Sudip",Font.PLAIN,20));
}
public void start () {
t= new Thread (this);
t.start();
}
public void run() {
char ch;
while(true){
repaint();
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
}
Catch (InteruptedException ie) {
}
ch = msg.charAt(0);
msg= msg.Substring(1,msg.length());
msg=msg+ch;
}
}
public void paint (Graphics g){
g.drawString("Date="+new Date(),250,50);
g.drawString(msg,100,300);
}
public void stop () {
t.stop();
}
}
1. While an applet which shows an array of integers and prints the maximum and minimum of that array
on the same applet.
2. Write an applet that shows a new array often every 4 sec and prints its minimum and maximum on the
same array.
3. Write an applet that shows the system date and time on the top sign hand(??) cornatr of the applet and a
random number along with the cumulative sum of the random number.
4. Do the problem of PING-PONG through an applet.

5
Example –
To determine whether a thread has finished
isAlive() :- gen1.final Boolean isAlive()—returns if the thread which is called is still running false otherwise.
wait() :- tells the calling thread to give up the monitor and go to sleep until some other thread enters the some
monitor and calls notshy().
notshy() :- works up the first thread that called wait() on the same object.
sleep() :- causes the thread from which it is called to suspend execution for the specific period of milliseconds.

static void yield () :- Causes the currently executing thread to yield. If there are other runnable threads whose
priority is at least as high as the priority of this thread, they will be scheduled next.
The highest priority runnable thread keeps running until it yields by calling yield() method.
Native code :- Constructor will be executed in order in which they appear in the duration of derived class that
is will be executed in the order of inheritance.

Interface Vs class
Similarity
1. Both have variable and methods in them.
2. Both name represents valid java identifier.
3. Both supports inheritance.
Dissimilarity
1. A class defines what an object is ought to do and how to do, but an interface indicates what to do but not
how to do. This way we can fully abstract the class name form its implementation.
2. In interface variables are final and static, methods are abstract. In class those things are not must for
variable and methods.
3. Interface supplies multiple inheritances. Class supports it with the help of interface.
4. In interface access is either public or friendly. It is not mandatory to give access specifier in class each
time its defines (friendly by default).

Difference class and object


1. A class is a blue print or prototype that defines variables and methods common to all objects.
An object is a basic runtime entity of a class.
2. Class may be thought of as a data type and object as its variable.
3. Class is a logical construct that is, no memory is allotted to it when it is defined and object has a
physical reality (mean allotted).

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