Experiment No. - 2.
Student Name:ANUJ ANAND UID: 22BCS80050
Branch: CSE Section/Group: 607/ B
Semester: 5th Date of Performance: 19/09/2023
Subject Name: IOT Subject
Code: 21CSP-344
AIM: To measure the distance of an object using an ultrasonic sensor.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
You will need the following components −
1. Arduino Uno R3 board
2. Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04)
3. 16×2 LCD I2C Display
4. Jumper Wires
THEORY:
Ultrasonic Sensor:
An ultrasonic Sensor is a device used to measure the distance between the sensor and an object without
physical contact. This device works based on time-to-distance conversion.
Working Principle of Ultrasonic Sensor:
Ultrasonic sensors measure distance by sending and receiving the ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic
sensor has a sender to emit the ultrasonic waves and a receiver to receive the ultrasonic waves. The
transmitted ultrasonic wave travels through the air and is reflected by hitting the Object. Arduino
calculates the time taken by the ultrasonic pulse wave to reach the receiver from the sender. Formula:
Distance = Speed * Time
In the code, the “duration” variable stores the time taken by the sound wave traveling from the emitter
to the receiver. That is double the time to reach the object, whereas the sensor returns the total time
including sender to object and object to receiver. Then, the time taken to reach the object is
half of the time taken to reach the receiver. so we can write the expression as,
Distance = Speed of Sound in Air * (Time Taken / 2) Note: Speed of sound
in air = 344 m/s.
PROCEDURE:
• Connect the Echo pin of the sensor to the D2 pin of the Arduino.
• Connect the Trig pin of the sensor to the D3 pin of the Arduino.
• Navigate to Tools and select board and port.
• Verify and compile the code, then upload the code to the Arduino Uno R3 board.
• Monitor the output in the Serial monitor (Set the baud rate as 9600). To open Serial monitor
Tools>Serial Monitor or (Ctrl+Shift+M).
Follow the circuit diagram as shown in the image given above.
To interface with the LCD display, we need to install the supporting library to the Arduino IDE.
Steps to Interface LCD display:
1. Install driver library for Liquid Crystal Display.
• Navigate Tools>Library Manager (or) Enter ( Ctrl+Shift+I ) to open library manager.
• Search for “LiquidCrystal I2C” and install the “LiquidCrystal I2C” library. 2. Import the
header file “LiquidCrystal_I2C.h” in the code.
3. Connect the SDA pin of an LCD display to the SDA pin of the Arduino Board and the SCL pin of
an LCD display to the SCL of the Arduino Board. 4. Connect VCC to 5V pin and GND to GND pin.
SKETCH:
RESULT:
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• Learnt about the proximity sensor and its applications.
• Learnt how to connect proximity sensor on Arduino.
• Learnt how to connect LCD display.
• Learnt how to code in Arduino.
