RT 102 IMAGING SCIENCE &

INFORMATICS
LECTURE 1

MRS. JULIET SALVADOR 1ST SEMESTER A.Y. 2023 – 2024

HISTORY OF COMPUTER
INTRODUCTION
 COMPUTER
- Electronic machine that collects information, stores HISTORY OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS
it, processes it according to user’s instructions and Charles Babbage (Father of Computers)
then returns the result. 1822 began developing on what would be the
- Programmable device that performs arithmetic and first Mechanical Computer.
logical operations automatically using a set of The First Laptop was invented by Adam
instructions provided by the user. 1921
Osborne
EARLY COMPUTING DEVICES
- People at early years used to use sticks, stones,
and bones as counting tools. a) Uses machine Language
b) Vacuum Tubes for Memory
Abacus The first abacus was invented 4,000
c) Complicated
yrs ago, in China 1st Gen. d) Large and Expensive
Napier’s Manually operated calculating (1940 – 1955)
e) Reliant on Batch Operating
Bone apparatus, first machine that uses the
System and Punch Cards.
Decimal Point System.
Ex. ENIAC, UNIVAC, EDVAC
Was invented year 1642 by Blaise
Pascaline a) Uses Transistor
Pascal, first Automated Mechanical
b) Is smaller in size
and Automated Calculator.
2nd Gen. c) Faster and more energy
Invented in the year 1673, from (1957 – 1963) consuming
Stepped Pascaline – Leibniz. Digital d) Uses Binary System
Reckoner Mechanical Calculator, uses fluted Ex. IBM – 1620, CDC
drums instead of gears
a) The development of the
Charles Babbage Invented a Steam – Integral Circuit
Differential
Powered Calculating Machine in year b) Quicker, Smaller and More
Engine
1820. Reliable
3RD Gen
In the year 1830, Charles Babbage (1964 – 1971) c) Less Expensive
invented Mechanical Computer from d) High Level Program Language
Analytical punch cards. A General – purpose Ex. IBM – 360, HONEYWELL – 6000,
Engine Computer that can solve any IBM – 370/168
Mathematical Problems and Storing a) The start of Microprocessors
Data b) Uses C, CH and Java for
Hollerith invented Punch Card Base Program Language
Tabulated 4th Gen.
Mechanical Tabulator in year 1890, c) Starting of Computers for
Machine
that soon became IBM in year 1924 (1971 – 1981)
Home Use.
In the year 1930, Electronic Ex. STAR 1K, PDP II, CRAY – 1, APPLE
Differential Computer made up of Vacuum Tubes 11,
Analyzer that switch Electric Impulses was a) Uses Artificial Intelligence (AI)
invented. as a Defining Aspect
Was invented by Aiken in the year 5th Gen. b) Ultra Large Scale Integration
Mark 1 1937. That conducts massive (1980 –
Today) c) C, CH, Java.Net, and More
calculator using enormous numbers. Ex. IBM, DESKTOP, LAPTOP,
NOTEBOOK
 machine is the first “Automatic, General –
Purpose, Electronic, Decimal, Digital
Computer”
Mauchly and Presper leave the University
BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTER and receive funding to build the UNIVAC,
1946
the first commercial computer for business
Joseph Marie Jacquard, a French merchant
and government applications
and inventor invents loom that uses
1801 William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter
punched wooden cards to weave fabric
designs. 1947 Brattain invented Transistor without the
need for vacuum.
Charles Babbage invented a steam – driven
calculating machine that computes table of A team at the University of Cambridge
1821 develops the Electronic Delay Storage
numbers, the project was called “Difference 1949
Engine” Automatic Calculator (EDSAC), “The first
practical stored – program computer”
Ada Lovelace, writes the world’s First
1848 Computer Program while translating a paper Grace Hopper develops the first computer
on Babbage’s Analytical Engine. language, which eventually become known
1953 as Common, Business – Oriented
1853 Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard
Language (COBOL). Hopper was then
designed the world’s First Printing
named the “First Lady of Software”
Calculator. Its function is to “compute
tabular differences and print the results” John Backus and his team of programmers
at IBM publish a paper describing their
Herman Hollerith designs a punch – card 1954
newly FORmula TRANslation (FORTRAN)
1890 system to help calculate the 1890 U.S.
programming language.
Census.
Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce unveil the
At the Institute of Technology (MIT),
1958 integrated circuit, known as the computer
Vannevar Bush invents and builds the
chip.
1931 “Differential Analyzer”, The First Large –
Scale Automatic General – Purpose Douglas Engelbart reveals prototype of the
Mechanical Analog Computer. modern computer at the Fall Joint Computer
1968 Conference. He demonstrated live his
Alan Turing, presents the principle of a
research including his computer, its mouse
Universal Machine called “The Turing
and a graphical user interface (GUI).
Machine”
1936 He is alter involved in the development of Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie produced
Turing – Welchman Bombe, an Electro – UNIX an operating system that made “Large
1969
Machine Device designed to decipher Nazi – Scale Networking of Diverse Computing
codes during World War II. Systems – and the Internet – Practical”
John Vincent Atanasoff, submits a proposal The newly formed Intel unveils the Intel
1937 to build the electric – only computer, without 1970 1103, the first Dynamic Access Memory
using gears, cams, belts, or shafts. (DRAM) chip.
David Packard and Bill Hewlett founded the A team of IBM engineers led by Alan
1939 Hewlett Packard Company in Palo Alto, Shugart invents the “Floppy Disk”, enavling
1971
California. data to be shared among different
computers.
Konrad Zuse completes his Z3 machine, the
world’s earliest Digital Computer. The Ralph Baer, releases Magnavox Odyssey,
1941 the world’s first home game console. Nolan
machine was destroyed during a bombing
raid on Berlin during World War II. 1972 Bushnell and Al Alcorn with Atari released
Pong, the world’s first commercially
Atanasoff and Clifford Berry designed the
successful video game.
First Digital Electronic Computer in the U.S
called the Atanasoff – Berry Computer Robert Metcalfe, developed Ethernet for
1941 (ABC). The First ever computer that is able 1973 connecting multiple computers and other
to store information on its main memory and hardware.
is capable of performing one operation 1977 The Commoddore Personal Electronic
every 15 secs. Transactor (PET) was released onto the
1945 John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, home computer market, featuring an MOS
designed and built the Electronic Numerical Technology 8 – bit 6502 microprocessor,
Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). This which controls the screen, keyboard and
 cassette players. Google buys Android, a Linux – based
2005
Altair 8080 was named “World’s First mobile phone operating system.
Minicomputer kit to rival commercial The MacBook Pro from Apple is the
models”. Paul Allen and Bill Gates offered to 2006 company’s first Intel – based, dual – core
1975 write software for the Altair, using the new mobile computer.
BASIC language, after success of the first Microsoft launches Windows 7, The new
software, the two formed their own software operating System features the ability to pin
company, Microsoft. applications to the taskbar, scatter windows
2009
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak co – found away by shaking another window, easy – to
Apple Computer, they unveil Apple I, the – access jumplists, easier previews of tiles
1976
first computer with a single – circuit board and more.
and Read Only Memory (ROM), The iPad, Apple’s flagship handheld tablet
2010
Radio Shack began the initial production run is unveiled
of 3,000 TRS – 80 Model 1 Computers. Google releases the Chromebook, which
Known as “Trash 80” 2011
1977 runs on Google Chrome OS.
Jobs and Wozniak presented the Apple II, Apple releases the Apple Watch, Microsoft
which includes color graphics and features 2015
releases Windows 10.
an audio cassette drive for storage. The first reprogrammable quantum
VisiCalc, the first computerized spreadsheet computer was created. "Until now, there
1978
program is introduced. 2016 hasn't been any quantum-computing
MicroPro International, was founded by platform that had the capability to program
Seymour Rubenstein, releases WordStar, new algorithms into their system.
1979
the world’s first commercially successful The Defense Advanced Research Projects
word processor. Agency (DARPA) is developing a new
IBM’s First Personal Computer “Acorn” is "Molecular Informatics" program that uses
released. It uses MS – DOS operating molecules as computers. "Chemistry offers
System from Windows. Other Features a rich set of properties that we may be able
1981
includes a display, printer, two diskette to harness for rapid, scalable information
drives, extra memory, a game adapter, and 2017 storage and processing," Anne Fischer,
more. program manager in DARPA's Defense
Local Integrated Software Architecture Sciences Office, said in a statement.
(LISA) is the first computer to feature GUI. "Millions of molecules exist, and each
1983
The machine also includes a drop – down molecule has a unique three-dimensional
menu and icons also called as “Laptop” atomic structure as well as variables such
The Apple Macintosh is announced to the as shape, size, or even color.
1984
world.
As a response to the Apple Lisa’s GUI,
1985
Microsoft releases Windows.
Tim Berners – Lee, submits his proposal
about World Wide Web, that includes ideas
1989
for Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML),
the building blocks of the Web.
The Pentium microprocessor advances the
1993
use of graphics and music on PCs
Sergey Brin and Larry Page develop Google
1996
Search Engine at Stanford University.
Wireless Fidelity (Wi – Fi) is developed,
1999
covering a distance of up to 300 ft.
Mac OS X, later renamed OS X then
2001 macOS, is released by Apple as the
successor of Mac Operating System.
AMD’s Athlon 64, the first 64 – bit processor
2003
for personal computers.
The Mozilla Corporation launches Mozilla
2004
Firefox 1.0