0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views5 pages

Lim 2012

This study evaluated the oral toxicity of repeated dosing of Strobilanthes crispus ethanol leaf extract in different doses on liver and kidney functions of female Sprague Dawley rats. The results showed that 12-day oral administration of S. crispus ethanol leaf extract ranging from 300 mg/kg to 700 mg/kg was safe without affecting the liver and kidney functions in female rats.

Uploaded by

Hary Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views5 pages

Lim 2012

This study evaluated the oral toxicity of repeated dosing of Strobilanthes crispus ethanol leaf extract in different doses on liver and kidney functions of female Sprague Dawley rats. The results showed that 12-day oral administration of S. crispus ethanol leaf extract ranging from 300 mg/kg to 700 mg/kg was safe without affecting the liver and kidney functions in female rats.

Uploaded by

Hary Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

 "TJBO1BD+5SPQ#JPNFE  

$POUFOUTMJTUTBWBJMBCMFBU4DJFODF%JSFDU

"TJBO1BDJGJD+PVSOBMPG5SPQJDBM#JPNFEJDJOF
KPVSOBMIPNFQBHFXXXFMTFWJFSDPNMPDBUFBQKUC

%PDVNFOUIFBEJOHEPJᖡᖱCZUIF"TJBO1BDJGJD+PVSOBMPG5SPQJDBM#JPNFEJDJOF"MMSJHIUTSFTFSWFE

4VCBDVUFPSBMUPYJDJUZTUVEZPGFUIBOPMJDMFBWFTFYUSBDUTPG4USPCJMBOUIFT
DSJTQVTJOSBUT
,FBO5BUU-JN 7VBOHIBP-JN +JO)BO$IJO

'BDVMUZPG1IBSNBDFVUJDBM4DJFODFT 6$4*6OJWFSTJUZ /P +BMBO.FOBSB(BEJOH $IFSBT ,VBMB-VNQVS .BMBZTJB

$MVTUFSPG*OUFHSBUJWF.FEJDJOF "EWBODFE.FEJDBMBOE%FOUBM*OTUJUVUF 6OJWFSTJUJ4BJOT.BMBZTJB #BOEBS1VUSB#FSUBN ,FQBMB#BUBT 
1VMBV1JOBOH .BMBZTJB

1 & & 3  3 & 7 * & 8     " # 4 5 3 " $ 5

1FFSSFWJFXFS 0CKFDUJWF 5PFYBNJOFUIFPSBMUPYJDJUZPGSFQFBUFEEPTJOHPG4USPCJMBOUIFTDSJTQVT 4DSJTQVT 


1SPG (JPWBOOB %POOBSVNNB  FUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUPOUIFMJWFSBOELJEOFZGVODUJPOTJO 4QSBHVF %BXMFZSBUT.FUIPET
%FQBSUNFOUPG&YQFSJNFOUBM.FEJDJOF :PVOHGFNBMFSBUTBHFECFUXFFO BOE XFFLPMEXFSFSBOEPNMZBTTJHOFEJOUPGPVSHSPVQT
.JDSPCJPMPHZBOE$MJOJDBM.JDSPCJPMPHZ XJUIGJWFBOJNBMTFBDIHSPVQ O  5IFGJSTUHSPVQTFSWFEBTDPOUSPM XIJMFUIFTFDPOE UIJSE
4FDUJPO  4FDPOE 6OJWFSTJUZPG /BQMFT BOEGPVSUIHSPVQTXFSFPSBMMZUSFBUFEXJUIBTJOHMFEPTFEBJMZXJUI NHLH  NHLH BOE
46/  7JB -VJHJEF $SFDDIJP    NHLHPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUGPS EDPOTFDVUJWFMZ $BHFTJEFPCTFSWBUJPOXBT
/BQMFT *UBMZ DPOEVDUFEGPSGJSTUIBGUFSFBDIEPTJOH5IFCPEZXFJHIUDIBOHFT GPPEDPOTVNQUJPOTBOEXBUFS
5FM  JOUBLFXFSFBMTPSFDPSEFE 4FSVNCJPDIFNJDBMQBSBNFUFST JF BTQBSUBUFBNJOPUSBOTGFSBTF 
'BY  BMBOJOFBNJOPUSBOTGFSBTF BMLBMJOFQIPTQIBUBTF DSFBUJOJOFBOEVSFBXFSFEFUFSNJOFEBU %BZ
& NBJM HJPWBOOBEPOOBSVNNB!  "MMSFTVMUTXFSFFYQSFTTFEBTNFBOŃ4%BOEBOBMZTFEVTJOH %VOOFUUTUFTU3FTVMUT *UXBT
VOJOBJU PCUBJOFEUIBU EBZPSBMBENJOJTUSBUJPOPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUEJEOPUDBVTF
BOZBEWFSTFFGGFDUTPSMFUIBMJUZUPUIFGFNBMF 4QSBHVF %BXMFZSBUT /PTJHOJGJDBOUDIBOHFT
$PNNFOUT JO TFSVN CJPDIFNJDBM QBSBNFUFST  SFMBUJWF PSHBOT XFJHIUT  CPEZ XFJHIUT  GPPE JOUBLF BOE
5 IJT JT B HPPE TUVEZ JO XIJDI UIF XBUFSDPOTVNQUJPOTXFSFPCTFSWFECFUXFFOUIFUSFBUNFOUHSPVQTBOEDPOUSPM$PODMVTJPOT
BVUIPSTFWBMVBUFEUIFPSBMUPYJDJUZPG *ODPODMVTJPO  EBZPSBMBENJOJTUSBUJPOPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUXBTTBGFUPCF
SFQFBUFEJOEJGGFSFOUEPTFTPGFYUSBDUFE DPOTVNFEJOGFNBMFSBUTXJUIPVUBGGFDUJOHUIFMJWFSBOELJEOFZGVODUJPOT
4DSJTQVTPOMJWFSBOELJEOFZGVODUJPOT
PG 4%  5 IF 3 FTVMUT BSF JOUFSFTUJOH
UIBU EBZPSBMBENJOJTUSBUJPOPG4
DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUSBOHJOH
GSPN NHLHUP NHLHXBTTBGF
XJUIPVUBGGFDUJOHUIFMJWFSBOELJEOFZ ,&:803%4
GVODUJPOJOGFNBMF4%SBUT
,JEOFZ -JWFS 0SBMUPYJDJUZ 4FSVNFO[ZNFT 4USPCJMBOUIFTDSJTQVT
%FUBJMTPO1BHF

*OUSPEVDUJPO WFSZTDBCSJEBOEBSFDPWFSFEXJUITIPSUIBJS<>*UTGMPXFSJT
 TIPSU EFOTF BOEQBOJDMFETQJLFT<>4DSJTQVTPOMZHSPXT
4USPCJMBOUIFTDSJTQVT 'BNJMZ "DBOUIBDFBF  4DSJTQVT  BOEBUUBJOTUIFIFJHIUPGN<>
PSMPDBMMZLOPXOBT 1FDBI ,BDBJO .BMBZTJB IBTHBJOFE    *O .BMBZTJB  4 DSJTQVT XBT USBEJUJPOBMMZ VTFE GPS UIF
HSFBUBUUFOUJPOEVFUPJUTIJHINFEJDJOBMWBMVFT< > *UJT USFBUNFOUPGEJBCFUFTNFMMJUVT BTBEJVSFUJDBOEUPUSFBUIJHI
BMTPLOPXOBT“EBVOQJDBICFMJOH”JO +BLBSUBBOE“FOZPI CMPPEQSFTTVSF<> .BOZTDJFOUJGJDSFQPSUTIBEBMTPQSPWFO
LFMP” “LFDJCFMJOH” “OHPLJMP”JO +BWB<> 5IFMFBWFTPGUIJT UIBU 4 DSJTQVT QPTTFTTFE BOUJPYJEBUJWF  BOUJDBODFS 
QMBOUBSFPCMPOHMBODFPMBUF SBUIFSPCUVTF BOETIBMMPXMZ XPVOE IFBMJOH BOE BOUJIZQFSHMZDFNJD QSPQFSUZ <>
DSFOBUFDSJTQBUF5IFUPQTVSGBDFTPGMFBWFTPG4DSJTQVTBSF 1 IZUPDIFNJDBM BOBMZTFT SFWFBMFE UIBU UIF MFBWFT PG 4
EBSLFSHSFFOJODPMPVSBOEMFTTSPVHIBTDPNQBSFEUPUIF DSJTQVTDPOUBJOJOHNJOFSBMT QPUBTTJVN DBMDJVN TPEJVN 
VOEFSTVSGBDFT<> .PSFPWFS CPUITVSGBDFTPGUIFMFBWFTBSF JSPO BOEQIPTQIPSVT WJUBNJOT BTDPSCJDBDJE SJCPGMBWJO 
   $ PSSFTQPOEJOH BVUIPS % S $ IJO + JO ) BO  " TTPDJBUF 1 SPGFTTPS  ' BDVMUZ PG "SUJDMFIJTUPSZ
1IBSNBDFVUJDBM 4DJFODFT  6$4* 6OJWFSTJUZ  /P   +BMBO .FOBSB (BEJOH   $IFSBT  3FDFJWFE0DU
,VBMB-VNQVS .BMBZTJB 3FDFJWFEJOSFWJTFEGPSN0DU OESFWJTFEGPSN0DU SESFWJTFEGPSN0DU
5FM  "DDFQUFE/PW
'BY 
"WBJMBCMFPOMJOF%FD
&NBJMKIDIJO!VDTJVOJWFSTJUZFEVNZ
'PVOEBUJPO1SPKFDU'JOBODJBMMZTVQQPSUFECZ'BDVMUZPG1IBSNBDFVUJDBM4DJFODFTBOE
$FOUSFPG &YDFMMFODFGPS 3FTFBSDI  7BMVF *OOPWBUJPOBOE &OUSFQSFOFVSTIJQ $&37*& 
6$4*6OJWFSTJUZ (SBOUOP$POG/BU'14 
,FBO5BUU-JNFUBM"TJBO1BD+5SPQ#JPNFE  


BOE UIJBNJOF  QIFOPMJD BDJET QIZESPYZCFO[PJD BDJE  3FQFBUFE EBZ PSBMUPYJDJUZTUVEZ


QDPVNBSJDBDJE DBGGFJDBDJE WBOJMMJDBDJE HFOUJOJDBDJE 
GFSVMJDBDJEBOETZSZOHJDBDJE DBGGFJOF UBOOJO BMLBMPJE   "MMFYQFSJNFOUBMQSPDFEVSFTPGPSBMUPYJDJUZTUVEZXFSFJO
BOE DBUFDIJO< > * O BEEJUJPO UP UIF DIFNJDBMT TUBUFE BDDPSEBODFUP 0SHBOJTBUJPOGPS &DPOPNJD $PPQFSBUJPOBOE
BCPWF 4DSJTQVTMFBWFTBMTPDPOUBJOFEDZTUPMJUITPGDBMDJVN %FWFMPQNFOU 0&$%  HVJEFMJOF<> #BTFEPOUIF 0&$%
DBSCPOBUFJOXIJDIUIFJOGVTJPOXBTNJMEMZBMLBMJOF<> HVJEFMJOF BMMUIFEPTFTPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDU
 5IFJOGPSNBUJPOXJUISFHBSETUPUIFUPYJDJUZPG4DSJTQVT NVTUCFQSFQBSFEGGSFTIMZQSJPSUPBENJOJTUSBUJPO "MMGFNBMF
JTTUJMMMJNJUFE *O  BTDJFOUJGJDTUVEZSFQPSUFE -% PG4 4%SBUTXFSFSBOEPNMZBTTJHOFEJOUPGPVSHSPVQTXJUIGJWF
DSJTQVTKVJDFXBTHSFBUFSUIBONHLH<>*OUIFSFQFBUFE BOJNBMT O FBDIHSPVQ 5IFGJSTUHSPVQTFSWFEBTDPOUSPM 
EPTFPSBMUPYJDJUZTUVEZ    BOE NHLHPG4DSJTQVT XIJMFUIFTFDPOE UIJSEBOEGPVSUIHSPVQTXFSFPSBMMZUSFBUFE
KVJDF XFSF UFTUFE PO CPUI NBMF BOE GFNBMF OPSNBM BOE XJUIBTJOHMFEPTFEBJMZGPSEXJUINHLH NHLH BOE
TUSFQUP[PUPDJOJOEVDFEEJBCFUJDSBUTTIPXFEOPTJHOJGJDBOU NHLHPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUT SFTQFDUJWFMZ
DIBOHFT JO HFOFSBM CFIBWJPVS  CPEZ XFJHIU  BOE PSHBO "MMBOJNBMTXFSFFYBNJOFEGPSTJHOTPGUPYJDJUZPSNPSUBMJUZ
XFJHIUCFUXFFOUIFUSFBUNFOUBOEDPOUSPMHSPVQT.PSFPWFS  WJB DBHFTJEF PCTFSWBUJPO BGUFS FBDI EPTJOH 4 DSJTQVT
UIFTFSVNQBSBNFUFSTTVDIBTBTQBSUBUFBNJOPUSBOTGFSBTF FUIBOPMFYUSBDU<> #PEZXFJHIUDIBOHFT XBUFSJOUBLFBOE
"45 BMBOJOFBNJOPUSBOTGFSBTF "-5 BMLBMJOFQIPTQIBUBTF GPPEDPOTVNQUJPOTXFSFSFDPSEFEPO %BZ   %BZ   %BZ BOE
"-1 DSFBUJOJOF BOEBMCVNJOXFSFTJHOJGJDBOUMZSFEVDFE<> %BZ  0O %BZ  CMPPETBNQMFTXFSFDPMMFDUFEWJBDBSEJBD
5IJTTUVEZXBTBJNFEUPFYBNJOFUIFQPTTJCMFPSBMUPYJDJUZ QVODUVSF5IFCMPPETBNQMFTXFSFUIFOTFOUUP6$4*6OJWFSTJUZ
PG SFQFBUFE EPTJOH EBZ USFBUNFOU  PG FUIBOPM MFBWFT 1BUIPMPHZ -BCPSBUPSZXJUIJOUIFEBZPGDPMMFDUJPOGPSBOBMZTJT
FYUSBDUPG4DSJTQVTPOUIFMJWFSBOELJEOFZGVODUJPOTJO 4FWFSBMTFSVNCJPDIFNJDBMQBSBNFUFST JF  "45  "-5  "-1 
4QSBHVF %BXMFZ 4% SBUT 5IFGJOEJOHTGSPNUIFQSFTFOU DSFBUJOJOF BOEVSFBXFSFEFUFSNJOFE<>(SPTTFYBNJOBUJPOPG
TUVEZ DPVME QSPWJEF FTTFOUJBM JOGPSNBUJPO UP FOTVSF UIF UIFPSHBOTBOEUIFSFMBUJWFPSHBOXFJHIUPGIFBSU MVOHT MJWFS 
TBGFUZBOERVBMJUZPGUIF4DSJTQVTCBTFEQSPEVDUTJOGVUVSF TQMFFOBOELJEOFZTXFSFEFUFSNJOFE
*UBMTPTFSWFEBTSFGFSFODFGPSPUIFSSFTFBSDIFSTUPTFMFDU
BQQSPQSJBUFEPTFGPSUIFJSQIBSNBDPMPHJDBMTUVEJFT 4UBUJTUJDBMBOBMZTJT

 "MMEBUBXFSFQSFTFOUFEBTNFBOŃ4%BOEBOBMZTFEVTJOH
.BUFSJBMTBOENFUIPET %VOOFUU’TUFTU QPTUIPDBOBMZTJT <> 5IFMFWFMPGTJHOJGJDBOU
EJGGFSFODFPGUIJTSFTFBSDITUVEZXBTTFUBU1 %VOOFUU’T
$IFNJDBMT UFTUXBTVTFEUPDPNQBSFUIFEJGGFSFODFTPGUIFDPOUSPMHSPVQ
XJUIPUIFSUSFBUNFOUHSPVQT
   % JFUIZM FUIFS BOE FUIBOPM    XFSF TVQQMJFE GSPN
$IFNPMBC4VQQMJFT4EO#IE .BMBZTJB
3FTVMUT
1MBOUNBUFSJBMTBOEFYUSBDUJPO
5IFQFSDFOUBHFZJFMETPGFUIBOPMFYUSBDUTPCUBJOFEGSPN
%SJFEMFBWFTPG4DSJTQVTXFSFTVQQMJFECZBMPDBMTVQQMJFS LHQPXEFSPG4DSJTQVTMFBWFTXBTGPVOEUPCF HLH
GSPN 4FSFNCBO  /FHFSJ 4FNCJMBO 5IF MFBWFT XFSF UIFO #BTFEPOUIFSFQFBUFEPSBMUPYJDJUZ USFBUNFOUPG4DSJTQVT
CMFOEFEJOUPGJOFQJFDFTXJUIUIFCMFOEFSBOENBDFSBUFEJO FUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUSBOHJOHGSPNNHLH NHLH 
 -PG FUIBOPMBUSPPNUFNQFSBUVSFGPSE<> &YUSBDUJPO BOE  NHLH EJE OPU DBVTF BOZ MFUIBMJUZ  CFIBWJPVSBM
XBTSFQFBUFEVOUJMUIFMBTUFYUSBDUUVSOFEDPMPVSMFTT 5IFO  DIBOHFT BOE UPYJD TJHOT BGUFS FBDI EPTJOH UISPVHIPVU
UIFFYUSBDUXBTUIFOGJMUFSFEUISPVHIDPUUPOXPPM#ZUIFVTF  EBZ FYQFSJNFOUBM EVSBUJPO / P TJHOJGJDBOU DIBOHFT
PGUIFSPUBSZFWBQPSBUPSBU  °$BOESFEVDFEQSFTTVSF NPTU XFSFPCTFSWFECFUXFFOBMMUSFBUNFOUHSPVQTBOEDPOUSPM
PGUIFFUIBOPMTPMWFOUXBTSFNPWFEBOEUIFDPODFOUSBUFE HSPVQJOUFSNPGCPEZXFJHIUDIBOHFT XBUFSJOUBLF GPPE
4DSJTQVTFYUSBDUXBTPCUBJOFE<> 5IFDSVEFFYUSBDUXBT DPOTVNQUJPOT  TFSVN CJPDIFNJDBM BOBMZTFT BOESFMBUJWF
UIFOESJFEJOUIFPWFOBU  °$VOUJMBDPOTUBOUXFJHIUXBT PSHBOXFJHIU 5BCMFT 
PCUBJOFE<> 5IF QFSDFOUBHF ZJFME XBT DBMDVMBUFE 5IF 5BCMF
&GGFDUPG EUSFBUNFOUPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMJDMFBWFTFYUSBDUPOCPEZ
FYUSBDUXBTTUPSFEJOBEFTJDDBUPSGSPNXIFSFJUXBTVTFE XFJHIUT XBUFSBOEGPPEDPOTVNQUJPOTJOZPVOHGFNBMF4%SBUT
XIFOSFRVJSFE
(SPVQT %BZ %BZ %BZ %BZ
NHLH
4FMFDUJPOPGFYQFSJNFOUBMBOJNBMT #PEZXFJHIU $POUSPM Ń Ń Ń Ń
HSBUQFSEBZ  Ń Ń Ń Ń
 )FBMUIZGFNBMF 4%SBUTXFJHIJOH Ń HCPEZXFJHIU  Ń Ń Ń Ń
XFSFVTFEJOUIJTTUVEZ "MMSBUTXFSFLFQUJOUIFBOJNBM  Ń Ń Ń Ń
IPMEJOHSPPNBUUFNQFSBUVSFPG Ń  °$XJUIUIFMJHIUJOH 8BUFS $POUSPM Ń Ń Ń Ń
PG IMJHIUGPMMPXFECZ IEBSL<> "MMGFNBMFSBUTXFSF DPOTVNQUJPO  Ń Ń Ń Ń
N-SBUQFS
LFQUJOUIFJSDBHFTGPSBUMFBTU EQSJPSUPEPTJOHBTGPSUIF EBZ
 Ń Ń Ń Ń
QVSQPTFPGBDDMJNBUJ[JOHUPUIFMBCPSBUPSZDPOEJUJPOT<>5BQ  Ń Ń Ń Ń
XBUFSBOEGPPEQBMMFUXFSFQSPWJEFEBEMJCJUJVN )PXFWFS  'PPE $POUSPM Ń Ń Ń Ń
DPOTVNQUJPO Ń Ń Ń Ń
GPPEQBMMFUXBTXJUIIFMEPWFSOJHIUQSJPSUPEPTJOH<> "MM HSBUQFSEBZ


SBUT XFSF IBOEMFE CBTFE PO UIF HVJEFMJOF PG UIF BOJNBM  Ń Ń Ń Ń
 Ń Ń Ń Ń
FUIJDT 'BDVMUZPG1IBSNBDFVUJDBM4DJFODFT 6$4*6OJWFSTJUZ
7BMVFTBSFFYQSFTTFEJONFBOŃ4% O 
 ,FBO5BUU-JNFUBM"TJBO1BD+5SPQ#JPNFE  

5BCMF
&GGFDUPGEBZUSFBUNFOUPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMJDMFBWFTFYUSBDUPOTFSVNCJPDIFNJDBMQBSBNFUFSTJOZPVOHGFNBMF4%SBUT
(SPVQT NHLH  "45 *6-  "-5 *6-  "-1 *6-  NNPM-  6SFB $SFBUJOJOF μNPM-
$POUSPM Ń Ń Ń Ń Ń
 Ń Ń Ń Ń Ń
 Ń Ń Ń Ń Ń
 Ń Ń Ń Ń Ń
7BMVFTBSFFYQSFTTFEJONFBOŃ4% O 

5BCMF
&GGFDUPGEBZUSFBUNFOUPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMJDMFBWFTFYUSBDUPOSFMBUJWFPSHBOXFJHIUJOZPVOHGFNBMF4%SBUT
(SPVQT NHLH -JWFS ,JEOFZ )FBSU -VOH 4QMFFO
$POUSPM Ń Ń Ń Ń Ń
 Ń Ń Ń Ń Ń
 Ń Ń Ń Ń Ń
 Ń Ń Ń Ń Ń
7BMVFTBSFFYQSFTTFEJONFBOŃ4% O SFMBUJWFPSHBOXFJHIU HHCPEZXFJHIU 

%JTDVTTJPO XPVME DBVTF UIFTF IFQBUJD FO[ZNFT UP MFBL JOUP UIF
DJSDVMBUJPOBOESJTFJOUIFTFSVNMFWFMT<> "-5BOE "45
 .FEJBOMFUIBMPSBMEPTF -% JTBTUBUJTUJDBMMZEFSJWFE XFSFUIFDPNNPOIFUBQBUPDFMMVMBSNBSLFSTVTFEJOUIFMJWFS
TJOHMFEPTFPGBTVCTUBODFUIBUDBOCFFYQFDUFEUPDBVTF GVODUJPOUFTU )PXFWFS  "-5TFSWFEUPCFUIFNPSFTQFDJGJD
EFBUI JO  PG BOJNBMT XIFO BENJOJTUFSFE CZ UIF PSBM IFQBUPDFMMVMBS JOEJDBUPS BT DPNQBSFE UP "45  CFDBVTF
SPVUF<> "DDPSEJOHUPUIFGJOEJOHTPGSFQFBUFEPSBMUPYJDJUZ UIF DPODFOUSBUJPO PG "-5 JO UIF MJWFS XBT GBS FYDFFEFE
TUVEZ 4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUSBOHJOHGSPN NHLH JOBOZPUIFSPSHBOT<> 0OUIFPUIFSIBOET  "-1XBTBO
UP  NHLH CPEZXFJHIU DBVTFE OFJUIFS UPYJD TJHOT OPS VTFGVMIFQBUPCJMJBSZNBSLFSGPSUIFMJWFSGVODUJPOUFTU 5IF
MFUIBMJUZJOGFNBMF 4%SBUTBGUFS IPVSBENJOJTUSBUJPO FMFWBUJPOPGTFSVN "-1MFWFMXPVMEFYQMBJOUIFQSFTFODFPG
5IVT  -%PGUIF4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUJOGFNBMF DIPMFTUBTJT<>"DDPSEJOHUPUIFSFTVMUT BMMEPTFTPG4DSJTQVT
4%SBUTXBTHSFBUFSUIBONHLH FUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUTIPXFEOPTJHOJGJDBOUFGGFDUPOUIF
 "DDPSEJOHUPUIF 0&$% HVJEFMJOF BOJNBMTOFFEUP "45  "-5 BOE "-1CFUXFFOUIFUSFBUNFOUHSPVQTBOEUIF
CFPCTFSWFEJOEJWJEVBMMZGPSBUMFBTUPODFEVSJOHUIFGJSTU DPOUSPMHSPVQ.PSFPWFS UIFSFMBUJWFPSHBOXFJHIUBOEHSPTT
 NJO BGUFS FBDI EPTJOH  BOE TQFDJBM BUUFOUJPO OFFE UP FYBNJOBUJPOPGMJWFSPGBMMUSFBUNFOUHSPVQTXFSFGPVOEUPCF
CFHJWFOEVSJOHUIF GJSTU  I EBJMZ GPS B UPUBM PG  E<> OPSNBMBOEOPUTJHOJGJDBOUBTDPNQBSFEUPUIFDPOUSPMHSPVQ
"DDPSEJOHUP $IBOBOE )BZFT BOZUPYJDTJHOTPCTFSWFEJO )FODF 4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUEJEOPUQSPEVDFBOZ
UIFUPYJDJUZTUVEZXPVMESFGMFDUJOEJSFDUMZXIJDIPSHBOT  TJHOJGJDBOUUPYJDFGGFDUUPUIFMJWFS
UJTTVFT PSTZTUFNTXFSFNPTUMJLFMZUPCFBGGFDUFECZUIF ,JEOFZGVODUJPOUFTUXBTHFOFSBMMZFYBNJOFECBTFEPOUIF
UFTUFE TVCTUBODF <> *O UIF SFQFBUFE EPTF EBZ  PSBM DBQBCJMJUZPGLJEOFZTUPSFNPWFFYDFTTGMVJETBOEXBTUFT
UPYJDJUZTUVEZ UIFBEWFSTFFGGFDUTPG4DSJTQVTPOUIFDFOUSBM GSPNUIFCMPPETUSFBN<> *OUIJTSFTFBSDI TFSVNVSFBBOE
OFSWPVTTZTUFN SFTQJSBUPSZTZTUFN DBSEJPWBTDVMBSTZTUFN  DSFBUJOJOFMFWFMTXFSFFYBNJOFEBTUIFJOEJDBUPSTGPSLJEOFZ
BOEHBTUSPJOUFTUJOBMTZTUFNDPVMECFSVMFEPVUEVFUPUIF GVODUJPOUFTU6SFBJTHFOFSBMMZEFSJWFEGSPNUIFNFUBCPMJTN
BCTFODFPGVOVTVBMBHHSFTTJWFCFIBWJPVS USFNPS UXJUDI  PGFYDFTTJWFQSPUFJOJOUIFMJWFSXIJMFDSFBUJOJOFXBTEFSJWFE
BUBYJB  QBSBMZTJT  UBDIZDBSEJB  CSBEZDBSEJB  EJBSSIPFB  GSPN UIF CSFBLEPXO QSPEVDU PG DSFBUJOF QIPTQIBUF JO
EJTDPMPVSBUJPOPGTUPPM BOEHBTQJOHPGBJSBGUFSFBDIEPTJOH NVTDMFUJTTVF "OZJODSFNFOUPGUIFMFWFMPGUIFTFXBTUF
UISPVHIPVUEBZTFYQFSJNFOUBMEVSBUJPO QSPEVDUTJOUIFCMPPEXPVMEJOEJDBUFUIFEFDMJOFGVODUJPOPG
 .PTUPGUIFPSBMMZDPOTVNFEESVHTVOEFSHPNFUBCPMJTN UIFLJEOFZGJMUSBUJPO<> #BTFEPOUIFSFTVMU BMMEPTFTPGUIF
BOEFYDSFUJPOWJBMJWFSBOELJEOFZ SFTQFDUJWFMZ<> )FODF  4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUTIPXFEOPTJHOJGJDBOUFGGFDU
MJWFSBOELJEOFZBSFBMXBZTUIFUBSHFUFEPSHBOTJOUIFPSBM POTFSVNVSFBBOEDSFBUJOJOFCFUXFFOUIFUSFBUNFOUHSPVQT
UPYJDJUZTUVEZ *OUIJTSFTFBSDI UPYJDFGGFDUPG4DSJTQVT BOEUIFDPOUSPMHSPVQ'VSUIFSNPSF UIFSFMBUJWFPSHBOXFJHIU
FUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUPOMJWFSBOELJEOFZXFSFFYBNJOFE BOEHSPTTFYBNJOBUJPOPGLJEOFZPGBMMUSFBUNFOUHSPVQTXFSF
CBTFEPOUIFCMPPETFSVNCJPDIFNJDBMQBSBNFUFST -JWFSJT BMTPGPVOEUPCFOPSNBMBOEOPUTJHOJGJDBOUBTDPNQBSFEUP
SFTQPOTJCMFGPSUIFNFUBCPMJTNPGNPTUPGUIFESVHT NBJOMZ UIFDPOUSPMHSPVQ )FODF 4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDU
EVFUPJUTMBSHFPSHBOTJ[FBOEJUTIJHIESVHNFUBCPMJTJOH EJEOPUDBVTFBOZTJHOJGJDBOUUPYJDFGGFDUUPUIFLJEOFZ
FO[ZNFT DPODFOUSBUJPO SFMBUJWF UP PUIFS PSHBOT<> * O  #ZFWBMVBUJOHFWFSZBTQFDUPGUIFSFTVMUTPCUBJOFE OP
BEEJUJPO MJWFSJTBMTPIJHIMZQFSGVTFECZCMPPEDPOUBJOJOH PCTFSWFEFGGFDUMFWFMBOEOPPCTFSWFEBEWFSTFFGGFDU
IJHIESVHTDPODFOUSBUJPOBCTPSCFEGSPNUIFHVUWJBFOUFSP MFWFM /0"&- PG4DSJTQVTDPVMECFEFUFSNJOFE<>3FQFBUFE
IBQBUJDDJSDVMBUJPO<> *OUIFQSFTFOUTUVEZ UISFFTFSVN PSBMEPTJOHXJUI4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUTIPXFE
IFQBUJDCJPDIFNJDBMQBSBNFUFST OBNFMZ  "-5  "45 BOE OP TJHOJGJDBOU FGGFDU JO BMM QBSBNFUFST FYBNJOFE XIFO
"-1XFSFBOBMZTFE"OZEBNBHFTUPUIFMJWFSCZIFQBUPUPYJO DPNQBSFEUPUIFDPOUSPMHSPVQ )FODF NHLHQFSEBZPG
,FBO5BUU-JNFUBM"TJBO1BD+5SPQ#JPNFE  


4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUXBTLOPXOUPCFUIFOP HFOFSBMMZLOPXOUPBGGFDUUIFTFOTJUJWJUZPGBOJNBMTUPUFTU
PCTFSWFEFGGFDUMFWFM BOE /0"&- JO GFNBMF 4% SBUT JO BHFOUTBSFOPUJODMVEFEJOUIJTSFTFBSDI)FODF DISPOJDPSBM
SFQFBUFEEPTF EBZ PSBMUPYJDJUZTUVEZ "DDFQUBCMFEBJMZ UPYJDJUZTUVEZXJMMCFDPOEVDUFEJOGVUVSFUPBTDFSUBJOUIF
JOUBLF "%* XBTEFGJOFEBTBOFTUJNBUFENBYJNVNBNPVOU CJPMPHJDBMFGGFDUBGUFSMPOHUFSNFYQPTVSFPG4DSJTQVTMFBWFT
PG BO BHFOU  FYQSFTTFE PO B CPEZ NBTT CBTJT  UP XIJDI FYUSBDUTJOEJGGFSFOUBOJNBMNPEFMT
JOEJWJEVBMTJOB TVC QPQVMBUJPONBZCFFYQPTFEEBJMZPWFS  *ODPODMVTJPO  EBZPSBMBENJOJTUSBUJPOPG4DSJTQVT
UIFJSMJGFUJNFTXJUIPVUBQQSFDJBCMFIFBMUISJTL<> "%*XBT FUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUSBOHJOHGSPN NHLHUP NHLH
HFOFSBMMZEFSJWFEGSPN /0"&- NHLHQFSEBZ NVMUJQMJFE XBTTBGFXJUIPVUBGGFDUJOHUIFMJWFSBOELJEOFZGVODUJPOTJO
CZBOVODFSUBJOUZGBDUPSPG UPPCUBJOUIFMFWFMUIBUJT GFNBMF4%SBUT
IBSNMFTTUPIVNBOT<> *OUIJTSFTFBSDI UIF /0"&-PG4
DSJQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUXBT NHLHQFSEBZ BOE $POGMJDUPGJOUFSFTUTUBUFNFOU
UIVTUIF "%*PG4DSJQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUXBT NHLH
QFSEBZ 8FEFDMBSFUIBUXFIBWFOPDPOGMJDUPGJOUFSFTU
 5IFJOUFSDIBOHFPGEPTBHFVTFEJOUIFUPYJDJUZTUVEZGSPN
POFTQFDJFTUPBOPUIFSDBOCFEPOFCZNVMUJQMZJUTEPTBHF
XJUIUIFFRVJWBMFOUTVSGBDFBSFBEPTBHFDPOWFSTJPOGBDUPS "DLOPXMFEHFNFOU
PGUIFPUIFSTQFDJFT<> "DDPSEJOHUP 'SFJSFJDIFUBM UIF
FRVJWBMFOUTVSGBDFBSFBEPTBHFDPOWFSTJPOGBDUPSGSPNSBU 5IFBVUIPSTXPVMEMJLFUPUIBOLUIFGJOBODJBMBOEUFDIOJDBM
UP IVNBOT XBT <> "TTVNJOH  NHLH PG 4 DSJTQVT TVQQPSUHJWFOCZ 'BDVMUZPG 1IBSNBDFVUJDBM 4DJFODFTBOE
FUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUXBTPSBMMZBENJOJTUFSFEUPB 4%SBU  $FOUSFPG &YDFMMFODFGPS 3FTFBSDI  7BMVF *OOPWBUJPOBOE
UIVT UIFFRVJWBMFOUPSBMEPTFPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFT &OUSFQSFOFVSTIJQ $&37*&  6$4* 6OJWFSTJUZ $POG/BU
FYUSBDUGPSIVNBOVTBHFXBT NHLH "DDPSEJOHUP 8)0 '14 
SFTFBSDIHVJEFMJOFT UXPXFFLTUPPOFNPOUIPGSFQFBUFE
PSBMEPTJOHJOQSFDMJOJDBMTUVEZXBTFRVJWBMFOUUPBTJOHMF
BENJOJTUSBUJPOPSSFQFBUFEPSBMEPTJOHMFTTUIBOPOFXFFLJO $PNNFOUT
DMJOJDBMTUVEZ<>)FODF TJOHMFEPTFPSSFQFBUFEPSBMEPTJOH
MFTTUIBOPOFXFFLPG NHLHPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFT #BDLHSPVOE
FYUSBDU VTFE JO IVNBOT XBT FYQFDUFE UP IBWF UIF TBNF    4 DSJTQVT XBT USBEJUJPOBMMZ VTFE GPS UIF USFBUNFOU PG
FGGFDUTBTPCTFSWFEJOUIJTEBZSFQFBUFEEPTJOHPGNHLH EJBCFUFT NFMMJUVT  BT B EJVSFUJD BOE UP USFBU IJHI CMPPE
PG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUJOGFNBMF4%SBUT QSFTTVSFBOEQPTTFTTFEBOUJPYJEBUJWF BOUJDBODFS XPVOE
/PHFOFSBMMZBDDFQUFENFUIPEPMPHJFTGPSFYUSBQPMBUJOHUIF IFBMJOH BOE BOUJIZQFSHMZDFNJD QSPQFSUZ )PXFWFS  UIF
JOWJWPFWBMVBUJPOJOBOJNBMNPEFMTUPIVNBOBSFDVSSFOUMZ JOGPSNBUJPO XJUI SFHBSE PG UIF UPYJDJUZ PG 4 DSJTQVT XBT
BWBJMBCMF BMUIPVHI NBOZ TUBUJTUJDBM NFUIPET IBWF CFFO TUJMMMJNJUFE 5IFSFGPSF UIFTFTUVEJFTXFSFDPOEVDUFECZ
BUUFNQUFE<> 5IFQPPSSFMJBCJMJUZJTSFQPSUFENBJOMZEVF JOWFTUJHBUJOHUIFPSBMUPYJDJUZPGSFQFBUFEEPTJOHPG4DSJTQVT
UPUIFJOUFSTQFDJFTEJGGFSFODFT<> "EEJUJPOBMJOGPSNBUJPO FUIBOPMFYUSBDUJPOPOUIFMJWFSBOELJEOFZGVODUJPOJO 4%
OFFET UP CF DPOTJEFSFE JO EFTJHOJOH BOJNBM TUVEJFT JO SBUT 3FTVMUTTIPXFEUIBU EBZPSBMBENJOJTUSBUJPOPG4
PSEFSUPQSFEJDUUIFTJNJMBSFGGFDUTNJHIUCFBOUJDJQBUFE DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUFEXBTTBGFUPCFDPOTVNFEJO
JOIVNBO 5IVT JUJTJNQPSUBOUUPDPOTJEFSUIFDPSSFMBUJPO GFNBMFSBUTXJUIPVUBGGFDUJOHUIFMJWFSBOELJEOFZGVODUJPOT
PG UIF QIBSNBDPLJOFUJD WBSJBCMFT TVDI BT BCTPSQUJPO  
NFUBCPMJTNBOEFMJNJOBUJPOUPUIFUPYJDPLJOFUJDWBSJBCMFT 3FTFBSDIGSPOUJFST
TVDIBTQPUFODZBOEEVSBUJPOPGFGGFDU 5IFNFDIBOJTNT    4 UVEJFT BSF CFJOH QFSGPSNFE JO PSEFS UP EFUFSNJOF
PG4DSJTQVTVQUBLFGPMMPXJOHPSBMBENJOJTUSBUJPOSFNBJO UIF TFSVN CJPDIFNJDBM QBSBNFUFST "45  "-5  "-1 
UP CF DIBSBDUFSJTFE .FUBCPMJD BTQFDU BOE RVBOUJUBUJWF DSFBUJOJOF  BOE VSFB JO GPVS HSPVQT PG SBUT XFSF PSBMMZ
TUSVDUVSFBDUJWJUZSFMBUJPOTIJQTJOQIBSNBDPLJOFUJDTDPVME USFBUFEXJUIBTJOHMFEPTFEBJMZXJUI NHLH  NHLH 
FOIBODFUIFVOEFSTUBOEJOHPGUIFNFDIBOJTNTVOEFSMZJOH BOE NHLHPG4DSJTQVTFUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUGPS E
HBTUSPJOUFTUJOBM BCTPSQUJPO  CJPBWBJMBCJMJUZ  NFNCSBOF DPOTFDVUJWFMZ
QFSNFBCJMJUZBOEGJSTUQBTTFYUSBDUJPOPG4DSJTQVT<> "T
NFOUJPOFECZ%FSFMBOLPFUBM UIFMPXFTUEPTFMFWFMVTFEJO 3FMBUFESFQPSUT
UIFBOJNBMTTIPVMEOPUCFMFTTUIBOUIFQIBSNBDPLJOFUJDBMMZ  5IFQFSDFOUBHFZJFMETPGFUIBOPMFYUSBDUTPCUBJOFEGSPN
FRVJWBMFOU IVNBO FYQPTVSF BOE TIPVME QSPEVDF OP LHQPXEFSPG4DSJTQVTMFBWFTXBTGPVOEUPCF HLH
UPYJDPMPHJDBMFGGFDUTJGBUPYJDJUZTUVEZDPOEVDUFEJOBOJNBM EJEOPUDBVTFBOZMFUIBMJUZ CFIBWJPVSBMDIBOHFBOEUPYJD
JTVTFEGPSSJTLBTTFTTNFOUPGIVNBOFYQPTVSF<> TJHOBGUFSEPTJOHUISPVHIPVU EBZFYQFSJNFOUBMEVSBUJPO
 *UTIPVMECFOPUJDFEUIBUBDVUFUPYJDJUZTUVEZTFSWFTBT 5 IFTF EBUB BSF JO BHSFFNFOU XJUI SFDFOU SFQPSUFE CZ
QSFMJNJOBSZSFGFSFODFGPSEPTFTFMFDUJPO 5IFQSFTFOUPSBM .PIBNFEFUBM   
UPYJDJUZEBUBDBOOPUCFVTFEUPQSFEJDUUIFBEWFSTFFGGFDUT
BGUFSMPOHUFSNFYQPTVSFTJODFUIFEVSBUJPOPGPSBMUPYJDJUZ *OOPWBUJPOTBOECSFBLUISPVHIT
XBT POMZ EBZ TUVEJFE CZ VTJOH GFNBMF SBUT 4FWFSBM    % BUB SFHBSEJOH UPYJDJUZ FYBNJOBUJPO PG 4 DSJTQVT
CJPMPHJDBM WBSJBUJPOT TVDI BT BHF BOE HFOEFS XIJDI BSF IBTTIPXFEUIFBEEJUJPOBMJOGPSNBUJPOGPSUIFOFFETUPCF
 ,FBO5BUU-JNFUBM"TJBO1BD+5SPQ#JPNFE  

DPOTJEFSFEJOEFTJHOJOHBOJNBMTUVEJFTJOPSEFSUPQSFEJDU <>* TNBJM .  . BOJDLBN &  % BOJBM ".  3 BINBU "  : BIBZB " 
UIFFGGFDUNJHIUCFBOUJDJQBUFEJOIVNBOT $IFNJDBMDPNQPTJUJPOBOEBOUJPYJEBOUBDUJWJUZPG4USPCJMBOUIFT
 DSJTQVTMFBGFYUSBDU+/VUS#JPDIFN
"QQMJDBUJPOT <>4PFEJSP -  1FMMFDVFS +  "OEBSZ $  1SJWBU (4USPCJMBOUIFTDSJTQVT
   $ PSSFMBUJPO PG UIF QIBSNBDPLJOFUJD WBSJBCMFT UP UIF - CMQFNFSJLTBBOTFOZBXBUVSVOBOBTBNLBGDBUWFSCBLPTJE
UPYJDPLJOFUJDWBSJBCMFTBOEVOEFSTUBOEJOHPGUIFNFDIBOJTN "DUB1IBSN*OEPOFTJB  
HBTUSPJOUFTUJOBM BCTPSQUJPO  CJPBWBJMBCJMJUZ  NFNCSBOF <>1FSSZ -.  .FU[HFS + .FEJDJOBMQMBOUTPGFBTUBOETPVUIFBTU"TJB
QFSNFBCJMJUZBOEGJSTUQBTTFYUSBDUJPOPG4DSJTQVT BUUSJCVUFEQSPQFSUJFTBOEVTFT$BNCSJEHF.*51SFTT
<>"[NJ//VUSJUJPOBMDPNQPTJUJPOPG4USPCJMBOUIFTDSJTQVTKVJDFBOE
1FFSSFWJFX JUTFGGFDUTPOIZQFSHMZDFNJB IZQFSMJQJEFNJB XPVOEIFBMJOHBOE
 5IJTJTBHPPETUVEZJOXIJDIUIFBVUIPSTFWBMVBUFEUIF UPYJDJUZJOSBUT'14, 1 
PSBMUPYJDJUZPGSFQFBUFEJOEJGGFSFOUEPTFTPGFYUSBDUFE4 <>$IBJTBXBOHXPOH 8  (SJUTBOBQBO 8 &YUSBDUJPONFUIPEGPSIJHI
DSJTQVTPOMJWFSBOELJEOFZGVODUJPOTPG 4% 5IF 3FTVMUT GSFFSBEJDBMTDBWFOHJOHBDUJWJUZPG4JBNFTFOFFNUSFFGMPXFST
BSFJOUFSFTUJOHUIBU EBZPSBMBENJOJTUSBUJPOPG4DSJTQVT 4POHLMBOBLBSJO+4DJ5FDIOPM  
FUIBOPMMFBWFTFYUSBDUSBOHJOHGSPN NHLHUP NHLH <>,IBO 3  *TMBN #  "LSBN .  4IBLJM 4  "INBE "  "MJ 4. FUBM
XBTTBGFXJUIPVUBGGFDUJOHUIFMJWFSBOELJEOFZGVODUJPOJO "OUJNJDSPCJBMBDUJWJUZPGGJWFIFSCBMFYUSBDUTBHBJOTUNVMUJESVH
GFNBMF4%SBUT SFTJTUBOU .%3 TUSBJOTPGCBDUFSJBBOEGVOHVTPGDMJOJDBMPSJHJO
.PMFDVMFT
<>0SHBOJ[BUJPO GPS &DPOPNJD $PPQFSBUJPO BOE %FWFMPQNFOU
3FGFSFODFT (VJEBODFEPDVNFOUPOBDVUFPSBMUPYJDJUZUFTUJOH <3> 1BSJT
0&$% 
<>-J[B .4  "CEVM 3BINBO 3  .BOEBOB #  +JOBQ 4  3BINBU "  <>)PVHIUPO 1  .VLIFSKFF 1, &WBMVBUJPO PG IFSCBM NFEJDJOBM
;BJEVM *4. 4VQFSDSJUJDBMDBSCPOEJPYJEFFYUSBDUJPOPGCJPBDUJWF QMBOUT-POEPO1IBSNBDFVUJDBM1SFTT Q
GMBWPOPJEGSPN4USPCJMBOUIFTDSJTQVT 1FDBI ,BDB 'PPE#JPQSP <>,PCBZBTIJ ,  1JMMBJ ,4  4BLVSBUBOJ :  "CF 5  ,BNBUB &  )BZBTIJ
1SPDFT .&WBMVBUJPOPGTUBUJTUJDBMUPPMTVTFEJOTIPSUUFSNSFQFBUFEEPTF
<>;JQDPEF;PP 4USPCJMBOUIFT DSJTQVT WBS DJUSJOVT ;JQDPEF;PP BENJOJTUSBUJPOUPYJDJUZTUVEJFTXJUISPEFOUT+5PYJDPM4DJ 
 <0 OMJOF> " WBJMBCMF GSPN IUUQ[JQDPEF[PPDPN 1 MBOUT   
4  4 USPCJMBOUIFT@DSJTQVT@WBS@DJUSJOVT < " DDFTTFE PO  UI <>0SHBOJTBUJPOGPS&DPOPNJD$PPQFSBUJPOBOE%FWFMPQNFOU0&$%
/PWFNCFS > HVJEFMJOFTGPSUIFUFTUJOHPGDIFNJDBMTSFQFBUFEEPTF EBZ
<>'BE[FMMZ "#  "NJEB )5  "TNBI 3  'BV[JBI 0 "OUJQSPMJGFSBUJWF PSBMUPYJDJUZTUVEZJOSPEFOUT<3>1BSJT0&$% Q
QSPQFSUJFT BOE BOUJPYJEBOU BDUJWJUZ PG WBSJPVT UZQFT PG <>"OBFTUIFTJB 5VUPSJBMPGUIF 8FFL 5IFSPMFPGUIFMJWFSJOESVH
4USPCJMBOUIFTDSJTQVTUFB*OU+$BODFS3FT   NFUBCPMJTN "OBFTUIFTJB 5VUPSJBMPGUIF 8FFL <0OMJOF>
<>)FZOF , "DBOUIBDFBF4USPCJMBOUIFTDSJTQVT #- *O ,FIVUBOBO "WBJMBCMFGSPNIUUQXXXBBHCJPSHTJUFTEFGBVMUGJMFT5IF
#- FEJUPS 5VNCVIBO #FSHVOB *OEPOFTJB *** +BLBSUB :BZBTBO SPMFPGUIFMJWFSJOESVHNFUBCPMJTNQEG<"DDFTTFEPO UI
4BSBOB8BOB+BZB Q +VMZ >
<>" GSJ[BM " OBMZUJDBM  CJPBDUJWJUZ BOE TUBCJMJUZ TUVEJFT PO <>& WBOT (0  "OJNBM DMJOJDBM DIFNJTUSZ "  QSBDUJDBM HVJEF GPS
4USPCJMBOUIFT DSJTQVT -  CSFNFL BOE 4PODIVT BSWFOTJT -  UPYJDPMPHJTUBOECJPNFEJDBMSFTFBSDIFSTOEFE#PDB3BUPO$3$
FYUSBDUT " GSJ[BM   < 0 OMJOF> " WBJMBCMF GSPN IUUQ 1SFTT
FQSJOUTVTNNZ     "/"-:5*$"- @ #*0"$5*7*5: @ "/% @ <>4 IBSNB "  ) JSVMLBS /#  8 BEFM 1  % BT 1  * OGMVFODF PG
45"#*-*5:456%*&4QEG<"DDFTTFEPOTU"VHVTU > IZQPHMZDFNJB PO SFOBM GVODUJPO QBSBNFUFST JO QBUJFOUT XJUI
<>:BBDPC /4  )BN[BI /  /JL .PIBNBFE ,BNBM //  "CJEJO 4";  EJBCFUFTNFMMJUVT*OU+1IBSN#JPM"DIJFWFT  
-BJ $4  /BWBSBUOBN 7  FU BM "OUJDBODFS BDUJWJUZ PG B TVC <>5JNCSFMM +"1SJODJQMFTPGCJPDIFNJDBMUPYJDPMPHZ UIFE /FX
GSBDUJPO PG EJDIMPSPNFUIBOF FYUSBDU PG 4USPCJMBOUIFT DSJTQVT :PSL*OGPSNB)FBMUIDBSF Q
PO IVNBO CSFBTU BOE QSPTUBUF DBODFS DFMMT JO WJUSP #.$ <>.PIBNFE &-4  -JN $1  &CSJLB 04  "TNBXJ .;  4BEJLVO .  :BN
$PNQMFNFOU"MUFSO.FE .' 5PYJDJUZFWBMVBUJPOPGBTUBOEBSEJ[FE FUIBOPMFYUSBDUPG
<>* RCBM .  4 IBI .%  - JF $"  4 BO $,  4USPCJMBOUIFT DSJTQVT 0SUIPTJQIPOTUBNJOFVT+&UIOPQIBSNBDPM
BUUFOVBUFTSFOBMDBSDJOPHFO JSPOOJUSJMPUSJBDFUBUF 'F/5"  <>3FBHFO4IBX 4  .JOBLTIJ /  "INBE / %PTFUSBOTMBUJPOGSPN
NFEJBUFEPYJEBUJWFEBNBHFPGMJQJETBOE%/".PM$FMM#JPDIFN BOJNBMUPIVNBOTUVEJFTSFWJTJUFE'"4&#+
   <>8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJTBUJPO (FOFSBMHVJEFMJOFTGPSNFUIPEPMPHJFT
<>)BOPPO/" "TNBI3 3PLJBI.: 'BV[JBI0 'BSJEBI)&GGFDUT POSFTFBSDIBOEFWBMVBUJPOPGUSBEJUJPOBMNFEJDJOF<3> (FOFWB
PG4USPCJMBOUIFTDSJTQVTKVJDFPOXPVOEIFBMJOHBOEBOUJPYJEBOU 8)0 Q
FO[ZNFTJOOPSNBMBOETUSFQUP[PUPDJOJOEVDFEEJBCFUJDSBUT+ <>3PDDIFUUJ .  4JNFPOJ .  1FTFOUJ &  %F /JDPMBP (  1PHHFTJ *
#JPM4DJ   1SFEJDUJOHUIFBDUJWFEPTFTJOIVNBOTGSPNBOJNBMTUVEJFT "
<>) BOPPO /"  " TNBI 3  3 PLJBI .:  ' BV[JBI 0  ' BSJEBI )  OPWFMBQQSPBDIJOPODPMPHZ&VS+$BODFS
"OUJIZQFSHMZDFNJD  IZQPMJQJEFNJD BOE BOUJPYJEBOU FO[ZNFT <>-FOOFSO’T)"OJNBMEBUBUIFDPOUSJCVUJPOTPGUIFVTJOHDIBNCFS
FGGFDUPG4USPCJMBOUIFTDSJTQVTKVJDFJOOPSNBMBOETUSFQUP[PUPDJO BOEQFSGVTJPOTZTUFNTUPQSFEJDUJOHIVNBOPSBMESVHEFMJWFSZJO
JOEVDFEEJBCFUJDNBMFBOEGFNBMFSBUT*OU+1IBSNBDPHO  WJWP"EW%SVH%FMJW3FW
  

You might also like