Dokumen Tanpa Judul
Dokumen Tanpa Judul
Dokumen Tanpa Judul
Ingat ya, untuk bisa menjawab literasi bahasa Inggris dengan benar, kamu harus
berlatih dengan variasi soal yang berbeda. Nah, apa saja sih kisi-kisi atau materi
yang kemungkinan keluar di sub-tes ini? Yuk, simak pembahasan dan kunci
jawabannya!
Operation Cottage was a tactical maneuver which completed the Aleutian Islands
campaign. On August 15, 1943, Allied military forces landed on Kiska Island, which
had been occupied by Japanese forces since June, 1942. The Japanese, however,
had secretly abandoned the island two weeks prior, and so the Allied landings were
unopposed. Despite this, Allied forces suffered well over 200 casualties during the
operation, mostly due to Japanese mines and the difficult terrain.
The Japanese under Captain Takeji Ono had landed on Kiska at approximately
01:00 on June 7, 1942, with a force of about 500 Japanese marines. Soon after
arrival, they stormed an American weather station. Here they killed two and captured
eight United States Navy officers. The remaining eight were sent to Japan as
prisoners of war. Another 2,000 Japanese troops arrived, landing in Kiska Harbor. At
this time, Monzo Akiyama, a Rear-Admiral, headed the force on Kiska. In December
1942, additional anti-aircraft units, engineers, and a negligible number of
reinforcement infantry arrived on the island. In the spring of 1943, control was
transferred to Kiichiro Higuchi.
Due to the heavy casualties suffered at Attu Island, planners were expecting another
costly operation. The Japanese tactical planners had, however, realized the isolated
island was no longer defensible and planned for an evacuation. Although small,
there were signs of Japanese retreat. Anti-aircraft guns, once active during the Kiska
Blitz, were silent when Allied planes flew over in the days leading up to the invasion.
On August 15, 1943, the 7th Division (U.S.) and the 13th Infantry Brigade (Canada),
landed on opposite shores of Kiska. Both US and Canadian forces mistook each
other as Japanese and as a result friendly fire incidents killed 28 Americans and 4
Canadians and wounded 50 more. A stray Japanese mine caused the USS Abner
Read (DD-526) to lose a large chunk of its stern. The blast killed 71. 191 troops went
missing during the two-day stay on the island and presumably also died from friendly
fire. Four other troops had also been killed by landmines or other traps.
Military Wiki. (n.d.). Operation Cottage. Taken on October 21, 2022 from https://military-
history.fandom.com/wiki/Operation_Cottage. In which paragraph does the author discuss the initial
decision to attack Japanese-occupied Kiska Island?
Pembahasan :
Seventeen-year-old Robin West is an anomaly among her peers, she doesn’t have a
smartphone. Instead of scrolling through apps like TikTok and Instagram all day, she
uses a so-called “dumbphone”. These are basic phones, or feature phones, with very
limited functionality compared to say an iPhone. You can typically only make and
receive calls and SMS text messages. And, if you are lucky, you can listen to radio
and take very basic photos, but definitely not connect to the internet or apps. These
devices are similar to some of the first phones that people bought back in the late
1990s.
Ms West’s decision to ditch her former smartphone two years ago was a spur of the
moment thing. While looking for a replacement phones in a second-hand shop, she
was lured by the low price of a “brick phone”. Her current phones, from French firm
MobiWire, cost her just £8. And because it has no smartphone functionality, she
doesn’t have an expensive monthly data bill to worry about. She didn’t notice until
she bought a brick phone how much a smartphone was taking over her life. She had
a lot of social media apps on it, and she didn’t get as much work done as she was
always on the phone.
Dumbphones are continuing to enjoy a revival. Google searches for them jumped by
89% between 2018 and 2021, according to a report by software firm SEMrush.
Fashion, nostalgia, and them appearing in TikTok videos, have a part to play in the
dumbphone revival. While it’s true that dumbphones can’t compete with the latest
premium Apple and Samsung models when it comes to performance or functionality,
they can outshine them in equally important areas such as battery life and durability.
Five years ago, Przemek Olejniczak, a psychologist, swapped his smartphone for a
Nokia 3310, initially because of the longer-lasting battery. However, he soon realised
that there were other benefits. Przemek Olejniczak admits that he now has to plan
ahead more when he goes traveling. Before he would always be stuck to the phone,
checking anything and everything, browsing Facebook or the news, or other facts he
didn’t need to know. Now he has more time for his family and himself. A huge benefit
is that he isn’t addicted to liking, sharing, commenting, or describing his life to other
people. Now he has more privacy.
Bearne, S. (2022). Not smart but clever? The return of ‘dumbphones’. Taken on September 23, 2022
from: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60763168.
According to Ms West and Olejniczak, these are the benefits of having dumbphones,
EXCEPT …
Kunci Jawaban : C
Pembahasan :
In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics soft. In
the UK people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant manufacturer
even claims a massive 50 percent share of the market. Despite the popularity, fabric
softeners can be harmful to both the people who use them and the marine life that
ends up swimming in them.
Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that the
fragrance can last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-
gassing of perfume chemicals from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for
asthma and other breathing problems. In the US, chemically sensitive individuals
complain that, even after several washes, they cannot get the smell of fabric
softeners out of their washing machines and dryers.
If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that provide
alternative and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are unnecessary
products that can trigger health problems and can interfere with the functional aspect
of some textiles. For instance, when used on towels and nappies, some fabric
softeners can reduce absorbency, which is why it’s generally recommended that
reusable nappies aren’t washed with them. Once they are washed down the drain
they can become highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s worth asking
yourself whether the time has come to break the fabric softener habit completely.
Thomas, P. (2009). Behind the Label: Comfort Fabric Softener. Taken on 20 September 2021 from https://theecologist.org/2009/feb/12/behind-
label-comfort-fabric-softener.
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan gagasan utama dari teks. Untuk menentukan gagasan utama
keseluruhan teks, gagasan utama dari setiap paragraf perlu dipahami terlebih dulu.
Paragraf 4 membahas tentang penggunaan pelembut kain yang dianggap tidak perlu
karena membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan kehidupan laut.
Secara keseluruhan, dapat dipahami bahwa gagasan utama teks tersebut adalah
sisi negatif dari penggunaan pelembut kain seperti gangguan pernafasan dan
potensi kerusakan di kehidupan laut. Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.
Pilihan C (senyawa berbahaya yang ditemukan dalam pelembut kain) tidak tepat.
Zat kimia memang dibahas dalam teks, tetapi yang menjadi fokus teks adalah akibat
dari penggunaanya yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan dan kehidupan laut.
Pilihan E (masalah lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh pelembut kain) tidak tepat
karena teks hanya menyebutkan sedikit informasi mengenai pelembut kain yang
dapat meracuni kehidupan laut pada paragraf akhir, tetapi tidak membahasnya lebih
jauh. Dengan demikian, gagasan utama teks ini tidak membahas masalah-masalah
lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh pelembut kain.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah A.
A. filling
B. soaking
C. charging
D. attaining
E. absorbing
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan:
Soal tersebut menanyakan kata yang maknanya sama dengan kata permeating.
Kata permeating terdapat pada paragraf ketiga kalimat pertama, yang artinya
‘Fiksatif khusus dalam campuran kondisioner standar dan mewah yang berarti
bahwa wewangian dapat bertahan selama berhari-hari, permeating lemari dan laci’.
Jika wangi dalam bertahan lama, maka dapat dipahami jika wangi tersebut sudah
mengisi atau meresap ke dalam lemari dan laci. Kata permeating memiliki arti
‘meresap’ sehingga kata dengan makna yang serupa adalah filling (mengisi).
Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.
Sementara itu, kata soaking memiliki arti ‘merendam’; charging memiliki arti
‘mengisi’; attaining memiliki arti ‘mencapai’; absorbing memiliki arti ‘menyerap’
sehingga pilihan lainnya tidak tepat.
Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
Soal tersebut menanyakan hipotesis atau kesimpulan sementara yang bisa dibuat
berdasarkan teks tersebut. Kesimpulan tersebut masih perlu dibuktikan
kebenarannya melalui penelitian.
Pilihan D (Daya serap pada beberapa tekstil akan berkurang jika dicuci dengan
pelembut kain.) tidak tepat karena pernyataan ini merupakan fakta, bukan
hipotesis. Pada paragraf terakhir disampaikan bahwa beberapa pelembut kain
dapat mengurangi daya serap ketika digunakan pada handuk dan popok. Dengan
demikian, tidak perlu dibuktikan lebih lanjut.
The United Nations predicts Earth will have to feed another 2.3 billion people by
2050, mostly concentrated in urban centers far from farmland. Conventional
agriculture may not be able to meet that demand, but luckily NASA has been working
for decades to tackle food production both on Earth and in space. Feeding
astronauts during long-term space exploration means stretching resources to grow
plants in space—including minimizing water use and energy consumption and
eliminating soil.
NASA initially pioneered these techniques on the ground by building the country’s
first vertical farm. Inside a decommissioned hypobaric chamber left over from testing
the Mercury space capsule, technologists stacked rows of hydroponic trays like
bookshelves against the walls. Then systems for lighting, ventilation, and circulating
water were added using off-the-shelf parts. Various crops were planted on the
stacked trays to test how well they would grow in water and without the benefit of
sunlight or open air. This innovative approach to farming created a foundation for the
industry of controlled environment agriculture, or CEA.
CEA combines plant science and environmental control to optimize plant growth and
maximize efficiency, frequently incorporating vertical growth structures. Technology
enables the filtering of contaminants from crop water and delivers precise nutrient
balances. Artificial lighting provides only the necessary wavelengths at the right time,
intensity, and duration, while environmental controls maintain ideal temperature and
humidity. This approach could help feed burgeoning future generations, said Nate
Storey, chief science officer at Plenty Unlimited, one of several companies building
on NASA’s plant-growth research.
Pierce, M. (2021). NASA Research Launches a New Generation of Indoor Farming. Taken on November 30, 2021 from https://www.nasa.gov
/directorates/spacetech/spinoff/NASA_Research_Launches_a_New_Generation_ of_Indoor_Farming.
A. The world will run out of food by 2050 according to the United Nations.
B. NASA has maximized a farming method requiring a little water.
C. NASA is taking over conventional agriculture to address future food
demands.
D. To improve plant development, plant science must be integrated with
vertical growth structures.
E. NASA’s innovative approach pioneered the establishment of a controlled
environment agriculture industry.
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan:
Pilihan A (Dunia akan kehabisan makanan pada tahun 2050 menurut PBB.) tidak
tepat. Pada paragraf pertama kalimat pertama disampaikan bahwa menurut PBB,
pada tahun 2050 bumi membutuhkan makanan untuk tambahan 2.3 miliar
penduduknya. Hal tersebut bukan berarti kita akan kehabisan makanan pada tahun
2050.
A. The more farming techniques NASA uses, the less energy it requires.
B. The greater the space exploration is carried out, the more number of
astronauts that must be fed.
C. The more people requiring food, the more maximum NASA’s agricultural
technology will be.
D. The longer the space expedition is, the more NASA optimizes its farming
resources.
E. The more maximum NASA farming technology becomes, the less
traditional farming will be required.
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan:
Pilihan A tidak tepat. Pada kalimat terakhir paragraf pertama disampaikan bahwa
konsumsi energi yang minim merupakan bagian dari teknik pertanian NASA, bukan
dampak dari semakin banyaknya teknik yang digunakan.
Pilihan B tidak tepat karena pada teks tidak terdapat informasi mengenai
eksplorasi besar ruang angkasa. Informasi yang disampaikan adalah eksplorasi
ruang angkasa jangka panjang (kalimat terakhir paragraf pertama). Selain itu, tidak
disebutkan juga jumlah astronot yang diperlukan.
Pilihan C tidak tepat. Pada kalimat akhir paragraf pertama disampaikan bahwa
pemaksimalan teknologi pertanian NASA tidak disebabkan karena kebutuhan
pangan yang meningkat. Perjalanan ruang angkasa yang panjanglah yang
menyebabkannya.
Pilihan E tidak tepat. Pada kalimat kedua paragraf pertama hanya menyampaikan
bahwa kebutuhan pangan kemungkinan tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh pertanian
konvensional, dan beruntung NASA selama ini telah memaksimalkan sistem
pertanian mereka. Informasi tersebut tidak menunjukkan bahwa kita tidak butuh
pertanian konvensional setelah adanya sistem pertanian milik NASA.
A. NASA will be more concerned with food production in space than with food
production on Earth.
B. The United Nations estimates that Earth will have to feed billions of people
for a decade.
C. The most crucial aspect of long-term space exploration will be astronaut
nutrition.
D. Conventional agriculture will succeed in feeding astronauts if it is combined
with NASA’s techniques.
E. In the future, there will not be enough land for conventional agriculture.
Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
Soal tersebut menanyakan prediksi yang tepat berdasarkan informasi pada paragraf
pertama.
Pilihan C (Nutrisi astronot akan menjadi aspek terpenting dari eksplorasi ruang
angkasa jangka panjang) tidak tepat. Kalimat terakhir paragraf pertama memang
menunjukkan bahwa pemaksimalan sistem pertanian NASA dilakukan dalam rangka
memberi makan astronot dalam eksplorasi jangka panjang luar angkasa, tetapi tidak
dapat diprediksi bahwa pangan astronot akan menjadi hal terpenting dalam
eksplorasi tersebut.
Pilihan E (Di masa depan, tidak akan ada cukup lahan untuk pertanian
konvensional.) tepat. Pada kalimat kedua paragraf pertama disampaikan tentang
kemungkinan pertanian konvensional yang tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan
pangan pada tahun 2050, dan beruntung NASA telah mengembangkan metode lain,
di antaranya adalah tidak memerlukan tanah. Dengan demikian, dapat diprediksi
bahwa keterbatasan lahan akan membuat pertanian konvensional tidak dapat
memenuhi kebutuhan pangan pada tahun 2050.
Pembahasan:
Dengan demikian, kaitan antara paragraf 1 dan paragraf 2 adalah paragraf kedua
memperluas pembahasan paragraf pertama tentang metode pertanian NASA
sehingga pilihan C tepat.
Pilihan D tidak tepat. Paragraf 2 tidak membahas lebih jauh tentang masalah-
masalah kebutuhan pangan di tahun 2050.
Pilihan E tidak tepat. Paragraf 2 tidak hanya membahas kembali, melainkan
menjabarkan metode pertanian NASA.
10. The questions number 8–10 are based on the following passage.
The bacteria primarily infects the conjunctiva, which are the delicate membranes
lining the eyelids and covering the edges of the eyeballs. The infection causes
inflammation known as conjunctivitis. In normal cats, the conjunctiva is not readily
visible and has a pale, salmon pink color. In cats with conjunctivitis, the conjunctiva
becomes swollen and red, making it more visible. The nictitating membrane or third
eyelid in the inner corner of the eye may protrude partially across the eye. One or
both eyes may be involved.
Affected cats initially develop a watery discharge from the eyes that quickly becomes
thicker and is usually a yellow or greenish color. The eyes are uncomfortable and
cats often keep the affected eye(s) closed. Many cats remain bright and otherwise
appear normal, but some may develop a fever or lose their appetite. After one or two
days, sniffles and sneezing may also occur. In kittens, the infection may spread to
the lungs and cause fatal pneumonia.
Hunter, T. (n.d). Chlamydial Conjunctivitis in Cats. Taken on September 21, 2021 from https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/chlamydial-
conjunctivitis-in-cats.
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan topik utama yang dibicarakan dalam teks bacaan. Topik utama
suatu teks dapat disimpulkan dari informasi yang disampaikan pada paragraf-
paragrafnya.
Paragraf ketiga menyampaikan gejala-gejala yang terlihat pada kucing yang terkena
penyakit tersebut.
Topik utama teks adalah topik yang mencakup semua informasi tersebut dan, dari
lima pilihan jawaban yang tersedia, pilihan yang dapat mencakup semua poin
informasi di atas adalah adalah an overview of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
sehingga pilihan B tepat.
Pilihan A tidak tepat karena topik pada pilihan ini hanya mencakup informasi pada
paragraf ketiga saja.
Pilihan C dan D tidak tepat karena topik-topik pada kedua pilihan ini hanya
mencakup informasi pada paragraf kedua dan sedikit informasi pada paragraf ketiga
saja.
Pilihan E tidak tepat karena topik pada pilihan ini sama sekali tidak dibicarakan
dalam teks.
11. In the second paragraph, the word inflammation most nearly means ….
A. rash
B. bruise
C. scrape
D. swelling
E. soreness
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan kata yang memiliki makna paling dekat dengan kata inflammation.
Kata inflammation terdapat pada kalimat 2 paragraf 2, yaitu The infection causes
inflammation known as conjunctivitis yang memiliki arti ‘Infeksi menyebabkan
inflammation disebut juga konjungtivitis’. Untuk mengetahui infeksi yang dimaksud,
perhatikan kalimat sebelumnya. Pada kalimat tersebut, dijelaskan bahwa infeksi
yang disebutkan adalah infeksi konjungtiva oleh bakteri. Kalimat 3 menjelaskan
konjungtivitis (infeksi konjungtiva) yang membuat konjungtiva berwarna merah
dan menebal. Dengan kata lain, infeksi ini menyebabkan pembengkakan sehingga
kata inflammation berarti ‘pembengkakan’. Kata yang memiliki makna yang paling
mendekati adalah kata swelling (pembengkakan).
Kata rash berarti ‘ruam’, bruise berarti ‘luka memar’, scrape berarti ‘goresan luka’,
dan soreness berarti ‘rasa sakit’.
A. eating disorder
B. laboured breathing
C. low body temperature
D. abnormal eye discharge
E. dysfunctional eye membrane
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan:
Di antara lima pilihan yang tersedia, abnormal eye discharge (kotoran mata yang
tidak normal) adalah pilihan yang sesuai dengan informasi tersebut. Jadi, pilihan D
tepat.
Pilihan A (gangguan makan) tidak tepat. Kehilangan nafsu makan tidak sama
dengan gangguan makan. Gangguan makan adalah kumpulan berbagai penyakit
yang berkaitan dengan perilaku makan yang tidak normal seperti makan berlebih
atau memakan sesuatu yang bukan makanan.
Pilihan B (sesak nafas) tidak tepat. Tidak ada informasi pada teks yang
menyebutkan gejala ini.
Pilihan C (suhu tubuh yang rendah) tidak tepat. Paragraf terakhir menyebutkan
bahwa salah satu gejalanya adalah demam yang berarti peningkatan suhu tubuh.
Pilihan E (disfungsi selaput mata) tidak tepat. Paragraf kedua menjelaskan bahwa
konjungtiva (selaput membran) kucing terinfeksi berwarna merah dan bengkak serta
membran niktitan (kelopak mata ketiga di sudut dalam mata) dapat menonjol.
Namun, tidak ada keterangan yang menyatakan bahwa hal tersebut membuat
selaput mata kucing tidak berfungsi.
Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19
pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw
materials slowed or sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values
and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid
vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their
supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are other
scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid
models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles
really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and
colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and
compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in
hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles’ materials cost vulnerability.
American Chemical Society. (2021). Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to supply chain issues as gas-powered models. Taken on August 16,
2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728105731.htm.
The author would apparently agree that the relationship between environmental
regulations and the purchase of hybrid vehicles in paragraph 1 is similar to the
phenomenon of ….
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan:
Soal tersebut menanyakan analogi yang tepat dari hubungan antara peraturan
lingkungan dan pembelian mobil hibrida.
Informasi yang berkaitan dengan hal tersebut terdapat di paragraf pertama kalimat
kedua. Pada kalimat tersebut, dikatakan bahwa peraturan lingkungan menyebabkan
masyarakat membeli mobil hibrida. Analogi yang digunakan di sini adalah analogi
sebab akibat. Dengan demikian, analogi yang tepat adalah antara cars dan traffic
karena mobil menyebabkan kemacetan sehingga pilihan A tepat.
Pilihan B (minyak dan tempat pengisian bahan bakar) tidak tepat. Minyak tidak
menyebabkan adanya pom bensin. Pom bensin didirikan karena adanya kendaraan.
Pilihan C (orang dan kendaraan) tidak tepat. Penyebab adanya kendaraan adalah
jarak tempuh, bukan manusia.
Pilihan D (bahan bakar minyak dan transportasi) tidak tepat. Kendaraanlah yang
menyebabkan adanya bensin, bukan sebaliknya.
Pilihan E (kehidupan modern dan mobil listrik) tidak tepat. Kehidupan modern tidak
menyebabkan adanya mobil listrik. Mobil listrik diciptakan karena adanya masalah
lingkungan.
Exercise is painful. As the cliché goes, “No pain, no gain.” When the body exerts
itself, pumping action out of muscles to tear them down and build their mass, it’s left
with a soreness. Doctors, coaches, and mothers all recommend heat for tense sore
muscles—warm baths, moist towels, hot-water bottles, or heated pads as
thermotherapy techniques. But how exactly does applying this heat help the pain and
relax the muscles?
While exercising, the body requires more energy than it can produce through
aerobic respiration, or the intake of oxygen. To create enough energy for vigorous
movement, the body goes through another process: anaerobic respiration. This type
of energy production burns sugars without oxygen, producing lactic acid within
exerted muscles. Overworked muscles and a buildup of lactic acid are what cause
the pain associated with exercising. When heat is applied to a sore area of the body,
blood vessels widen and blood flow increases to transport excess lactic acid and
other toxins away from tired muscles. These muscles are also made more elastic by
the heat, and nerve endings are stimulated to block pain signals.
Hogeback, J. (n.d). Why Does Heat Relax Your Muscles? Taken on July 14, 2021 from https://www.britannica.com/story/why-does-heat-relax-
your-muscles.
What is the purpose of the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan tujuan penulisan kalimat bergaris bawah yang terdapat pada
paragraf pertama.
Terjemahan kalimat tersebut adalah ketika tubuh berolah raga, menuntut otot untuk
bekerja keras dan mambangun massa, tubuh akan terasa nyeri. Dengan kata lain,
kalimat tersebut bertujuan mengilustrasikan ungkapan “No pain, no gain,” yang
berarti ‘Tidak ada pengorbanan, tidak ada hasil.’ (Pilihan B). Pengorbanan yang
dimaksud diilustrasikan dengan rasa nyeri pada tubuh dan hasil diilustrasikan
dengan pembentukan massa otot.
Pilihan A tidak tepat. Kalimat tersebut tidak menyoroti proses otot terbentuk saja,
melainkan juga efek yang ditimbulkannya, yaitu rasa nyeri.
Pilihan C tidak tepat. Kalimat tersebut menyebutkan bahwa sumber rasa nyeri
pada tubuh saat berolahraga adalah kerja keras otot saja. Tidak ada penjelasan
mengenai sumber lain.
Pilihan D tidak tepat. Kalimat tersebut bukan hanya menunjukkan tentang nyeri
pada otot yang diakibatkan dari berolah raga, tetapi juga terbentuknya massa otot.
Pilihan E tidak tepat. Kalimat tersebut tidak memuat definisi dari ungkapan “No
pain, no gain”, melainkan hanya memberikan ilustrasi untuk ungkapan tersebut.
A team led by UC Riverside geologists has discovered the first ancestor on the
family tree that contains most familiar animals today, including humans. The tiny,
wormlike creature, named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest bilaterian, or organism with
a front and back, two symmetrical sides, and openings at either end connected by a
gut. The paper is published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences.
For 15 years, scientists agreed that fossilized burrows found in 555 million-year-
old Ediacaran Period deposits in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by bilaterians.
However, there was no sign of the creature that made the burrows, leaving scientists
with nothing but speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent doctoral graduate from UC
Riverside; and Mary Droser, a professor of geology, noticed miniscule, oval
impressions near some of these burrows. With funding from a NASA exobiology
grant, they used a three-dimensional laser scanner that revealed the regular,
consistent shape of a cylindrical body with a distinct head and tail and faintly grooved
musculature. The animal ranged between 2-7 millimeters long and about 1-2.5
millimeters wide, with the largest the size and shape of a grain of rice — just the right
size to have made the burrows.
“We thought these animals should have existed during this interval, but always
understood they would be difficult to recognize,” Evans said. “Once we had the 3D
scans, we knew that we had made an important discovery.”
University of California – Riverside. (2020). Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian fossils: A wormlike creature that lived more than 555
million years ago is the earliest bilaterian. Taken on March 25, 2020, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323152108.htm.
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan:
Pilihan A tidak tepat karena terdapat kata The descendant yang berarti ‘keturunan’.
Hal tersebut merupakan antonim dari kata ancestor yang berarti ‘leluhur’.
Pilihan B dan C tidak tepat karena yang menjadi fokus pada kedua pilihan tersebut
adalah tim ahli geologi yang melakukan penemuan.
Pilihan D tepat karena pernyataan tersebut sesuai dengan yang disampaikan pada
teks bacaan.
Pilihan E tidak tepat karena makhluk yang ditemukan bukanlah seekor worm
(cacing), tetapi makhluk seperti cacing . Informasinya terdapat pada kalimat kedua
paragraf pertama.
A team led by UC Riverside geologists has discovered the first ancestor on the
family tree that contains most familiar animals today, including humans. The tiny,
wormlike creature, named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest bilaterian, or organism with
a front and back, two symmetrical sides, and openings at either end connected by a
gut. The paper is published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences.
For 15 years, scientists agreed that fossilized burrows found in 555 million-year-
old Ediacaran Period deposits in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by bilaterians.
However, there was no sign of the creature that made the burrows, leaving scientists
with nothing but speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent doctoral graduate from UC
Riverside; and Mary Droser, a professor of geology, noticed miniscule, oval
impressions near some of these burrows. With funding from a NASA exobiology
grant, they used a three-dimensional laser scanner that revealed the regular,
consistent shape of a cylindrical body with a distinct head and tail and faintly grooved
musculature. The animal ranged between 2-7 millimeters long and about 1-2.5
millimeters wide, with the largest the size and shape of a grain of rice — just the right
size to have made the burrows.
“We thought these animals should have existed during this interval, but always
understood they would be difficult to recognize,” Evans said. “Once we had the 3D
scans, we knew that we had made an important discovery.”
University of California – Riverside. (2020). Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian fossils: A wormlike creature that lived more than 555
million years ago is the earliest bilaterian. Taken on March 25, 2020, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323152108.htm.
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan:
Pilihan A (untuk mengumumkan betapa hebatnya sebuah tim dari ahli geologi)
tidak tepat. Fokus dari teks tersebut adalah penemuan sebuah tim geologi, yaitu
seekor bilateria, bukan para penemunya.
Pilihan B (untuk menyampaikan informasi mengenai beberapa nenek moyang)
tidak tepat. Teks tersebut tidak menyajikan informasi tentang beberapa nenek
moyang, tetapi hanya nenek moyang dari sebagian besar binatang yang ada saat
ini.
Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos
and computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that
is far different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our
homes, offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support
learning children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.
Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important
time to apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of
cutting-edge technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media.
Interactive media refers to digital and analog materials, including software programs,
applications (apps), some children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet,
and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and creative use by young
children and to encourage social engagement with other children and adults.
This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools
encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-
touch screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders,
electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used
such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.
NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth
through Age 8 [PDF]. Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/
resources/position-statements/ps_technology.pdf.
How does the second sentence relate to the first sentence in paragraph 2?
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan:
Soal tersebut menanyakan hubungan kalimat pertama dan kedua pada paragraf
kedua.
Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos
and computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that
is far different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our
homes, offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support
learning children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.
Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important
time to apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of
cutting-edge technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media.
Interactive media refers to digital and analog materials, including software programs,
applications (apps), some children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet,
and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and creative use by young
children and to encourage social engagement with other children and adults.
This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools
encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-
touch screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders,
electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used
such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan:
Dengan demikian, kesimpulan tersirat yang tepat adalah teknologi membawa lebih
banyak kebaikan daripada kerugian jika digunakan secara bijak.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah C.
Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos
and computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that
is far different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our
homes, offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support
learning children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.
Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important
time to apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of
cutting-edge technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media.
Interactive media refers to digital and analog materials, including software programs,
applications (apps), some children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet,
and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and creative use by young
children and to encourage social engagement with other children and adults.
This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools
encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-
touch screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders,
electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used
such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.
NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth
through Age 8 [PDF]. Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/
resources/position-statements/ps_technology.pdf.
Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
Dengan demikian, penulis berasumsi bahwa teknologi dan media dapat digunakan
untuk memfasilitasi pembelajaran dan menciptakan hubungan dengan anak-anak
lain serta orang dewasa. Oleh karena itu, pilihan E tepat.
Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of
August to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million
total COVID-19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations,
including by Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on
August 17 gave the government the green light to keep the original schedule for the
engineer and medical colleges entrance exams.
The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called,
are India’s most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation
courses generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice
Ashok Bhushan said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long,
and a full academic year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further
petitions regarding postponing future exam dates.
Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone
Them. Accessed on July 18, 2020 from https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-exams-after-
government-pushes-back-protests-to-postpone-them/.
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan kesimpulan tersirat yang tepat berdasarkan informasi pada teks
tersebut.
Pada paragraf pertama, dijelaskan bahwa meskipun ada permohonan dari
masyarakat untuk menunda jadwal ujian masuk universitas terkait dengan
banyaknya kasus COVID-19, putusan Mahkamah Agung pada 17 Agustus memberi
pemerintah lampu hijau untuk mempertahankan jadwal asli untuk ujian masuk
insinyur dan perguruan tinggi kedokteran. Pada akhir paragraf kedua, dijelaskan
bahwa pengadilan tidak akan mempertimbangkan petisi apapun mengenai jadwal
tersebut. Kemudian pada paragraf ketiga dijelaskan bahwa ujian JEE dan NEET
sudah dilaksanakan dan diikuti oleh para mahasiswa.
Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa di India mengikuti ujian JEE dan
NEET dalam keadaan terpaksa sehingga pilihan B tepat.
Pilihan A (Siswa India enggan mengikuti kursus persiapan universitas.) tidak tepat
karena pada kalimat 1 paragraf 3, dijelaskan bahwa ujian JEE dan NEET adalah
ujian yang paling kompetitif di India dan kursus persiapan untuk kedua ujian tersebut
menghasilkan jutaan dolar setiap tahunnya. Informasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa
kebanyakan siswa India justru kemungkinan besar mengikuti kursus persiapan untuk
menghadapi JEE dan NEET.
Pilihan C (JEE dan NEET diadakan setiap tahun oleh Mahkamah Agung.) tidak
tepat karena ujian tersebut diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah India, bukan
Mahkamah Agung. Hal ini diketahui dari informasi pada akhir paragraf pertama, yaitu
‘… putusan Mahkamah Agung pada 17 Agustus memberi pemerintah lampu hijau
untuk mempertahankan jadwal asli untuk ujian masuk fakultas teknik dan
kedokteran’. Jadi, yang membuat jadwal dan menjadi penyelenggara ujian tersebut
adalah pemerintah.
Pilihan D (Mahkamah Agung mempertimbangkan permohonan dari masyarakat.)
tidak tepat karena jelas dikatakan pada kalimat terakhir paragraf pertama bahwa
Mahkamah Agung memberi izin kepada pemerintah untuk mempertahankan jadwal
asli untuk ujian masuk insinyur dan perguruan tinggi kedokteran meskipun ada
permohonan dari masyarakat untuk menunda jadwal tersebut.
Dengan alasan yang sama, pilihan E (Tes masuk universitas akhirnya dijadwalkan
ulang.) tidak tepat karena jadwal semula tetap dipertahankan.
Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of
August to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million
total COVID-19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations,
including by Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on
August 17 gave the government the green light to keep the original schedule for the
engineer and medical colleges entrance exams.
The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called,
are India’s most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation
courses generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice
Ashok Bhushan said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long,
and a full academic year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further
petitions regarding postponing future exam dates.
Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone
Them. Accessed on July 18, 2020 from https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-exams-after-
government-pushes-back-protests-to-postpone-them/.
A. The first stage of the JEE Advanced was held after September 27.
B. The exams may be postponed due to the protests against the exam date.
C. NEET is an entrance university test for both medical and engineering
colleges.
D. Justice Ashok Bhushan wasn’t concerned about students’ academic and
future careers.
E. Many Indians demanded rescheduling the exams because of the high rate
of COVID-19 cases.
Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
Pilihan C (NEET adalah ujian masuk universitas baik untuk medis maupun teknik.)
tidak tepat. Terdapat kalimat yang menyatakan “The JEE and the NEET, how
university exams for those two careers are called ….” pada teks. Karir (careers) yang
dimaksud adalah karir yang berkaitan dengan teknik dan medis (sesuai kalimat
terakhir paragraf pertama). Namun, entah JEE atau NEET merupakan ujian yang
hanya untuk salah satu dari karir atau bidang tersebut, bukan berarti JEE atau NEET
masing-masingnya memuat ujian kedua bidang tersebut.
Pilihan D (Hakim Ashok Bhushan tidak khawatir tentang akademik dan karir siswa.)
tidak tepat. Pada paragraf kedua, terdapat kalimat “The court bench headed by
Justice Ashok Bhushan said that ‘the career of the students cannot be put on peril
for long, and a full academic year cannot be wasted’. (Bangku pengadilan yang
dipimpin Hakim Ashok Bhushan mengatakan bahwa ‘karir siswa tidak bisa lama-
lama terancam, dan satu tahun akademik penuh tidak bisa disia-siakan’.)”. Kalimat
tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hakim tersebut justru peduli atau khawatir dengan
karir dan akademik siswa.
Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of
August to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million
total COVID-19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations,
including by Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on
August 17 gave the government the green light to keep the original schedule for the
engineer and medical colleges entrance exams.
The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called,
are India’s most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation
courses generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice
Ashok Bhushan said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long,
and a full academic year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further
petitions regarding postponing future exam dates.
The author’s attitude towards the civils’ protest regarding the exam schedule is ….
A. critical
B. positive
C. objective
D. subjective
E. informative
Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan sikap penulis mengenai protes masyarakat tentang jadwal ujian
yang dibahas pada teks.
Penulis menjelaskan protes masyarakat tentang jadwal ujian pada paragraf pertama.
Penulis menjelaskan bahwa Mahkamah Agung memberi izin kepada pemerintah
untuk mempertahankan jadwal asli untuk ujian masuk insinyur dan perguruan tinggi
kedokteran meskipun ada permohonan dari masyarakat untuk menunda jadwal
tersebut.
Pada paragraf kedua, penulis menyebutkan dua ujian masuk universitas, yaitu JEE
dan NEET. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penjelasan mengenai alasan pemerintah
mempertahankan jadwal ujian yang sudah ditetapkan sejak awal dan pengadilan
juga tidak akan mempertimbangkan petisi apapun mengenai jadwal tersebut.
Pada paragraf ketiga, penulis menjelaskan tentang persentase jumlah siswa yang
sudah mengikuti ujian JEE dan NEET. Dijelaskan pula bahwa protes mengenai
jadwal ujian sudah berkurang sejak adanya putusan dari Mahkamah Agung.
Pilihan A tidak tepat karena tidak ada kalimat berupa kritikan penulis terhadap
protes masyarakat tentang jadwal ujian.
Pilihan C dan D tidak tepat karena penulis tidak memasukkan perspektif atau
penilaian pribadinya terhadap protes masyarakat tentang jadwal ujian tersebut
sehingga tidak bisa dikatakan subjektif atau objektif.