Assignment Construction Engineering

Name : Ting Wee Kiet Matric No. : AA11177

September 30

2011
MACHINERY USED AT CONSTRUCTION SITE

Lecturer : DR. KHAIRULNISA BINTI ABDULLAH Section : 01

Assignment Construction Engineering

MACHINERY USED AT CONSTRUCTION SITE Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. Machineries used during earthwork. 3. Small Power Plant / Light Machineries. 4. Machineries used for transporting work / Heavy Machineries. 5. Others. 6. Conclusion 7. Reference. 3 5 10 14 17 19 20

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Introduction

Infrastructure is the most important aspect of any country's economy. It gives sound base for the development of other sectors of an economy. In architecture and civil engineering fields, construction implies the building or assembling of infrastructure. Construction is not a single activity. It is multitasking. The level of development of a country is reflected by its infrastructure. The growing need for infrastructure development has led to the increase in the demand of the construction-industry. For building huge infrastructure and giving it a finishing touch, lot of machineries, both heavy and light machineries are required. These construction machineries perform various tasks like
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Excavating Digging Loading Hauling Unloading Demolition Paving Construction of huge structures etc.
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Assignment Construction Engineering

Types of Construction Machineries Construction machineries include machineries that are capable to do construction of heavy and civil engineering (roads, railway tracks, bridges, airports, etc.), real estate (residential, commercial, industrial) development, and specialized construction products (architectural products, electrical connections, decorative items, etc.). On the basis of their capacities, weight, and the nature of the work done, construction machineries can be classified as :

Building Construction Machinery

-Light Machineries

-Heavy Machineries

Road Construction Machinery

Bridge Construction Machinery

Tunnels Construction Machinery

Dams Construction Machinery

Canals Construction Machinery

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Machineries used during earthwork

Earthwork is one of the process that has to be done before the construction begin . 1. Specifically, earthwork is an embankment made by piling up earth, such as a fortification. 2. Earthworks refer to the construction and engineering works which involve the moving or transfer of large quantities of soil or unformed rock. 3. Soils & geology, Excavation, Utilities & Piping, Retaining Walls, Piles & Caissons, Curbs & Paving, Landscaping.

Earthwork Machineries
The two most popular type of construction machines used in earthworks are digging machines and surface digging machines.

Digging Machines: Excavators and Loaders

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Excavator Excavators are the most popular and widely used types of heavy equipments, which are mainly used for digging holes and building pits. They are available in different construction variants.

Loader Loaders are another type of digging machines which are very fast compared to excavators. The main purpose of loader is to move loose soil.

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The surface digging machines are used to prepare the construction surface by moving and changing the soil.

Surface Digging Machines: Dozer, Grader, Scraper

Dozer A dozer is an important surface digging machine which pushes soil in and out to create a somewhat flat surface.

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Grader This flat surface can further be flattened by using graders. The grader as a construction machine is popular as it can do leveling jobs very effectively, creating a smooth surface for construction. This becomes particularly helpful in projects of road construction.

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Scraper Scraper is another type of surface digging machine, used to scrap a thin slice of soil. The scraper further moves the scraped layer of soil material to an area few meters away. Scrapers are most widely used in big earthwork construction sites.

Compactors

Compactors are used for compacting the various layers of the roads after spreading them. As the name indicates compactors as a road construction machines are used to compress the materials in construction sites and roads. They compress and compact the soil for further construction purpose or compact the asphalt or concrete roads in a smooth layer enabling them to function properly.

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Small Power Plant / Light Machineries

Air compressor Alligator shear Angle grinder Bandsaw Belt sander Biscuit joiner Ceramic tile cutter tile saw Chainsaw Circular saw Concrete saw Cold saw Crusher

Diamond blade Diamond tools Disc sander Drill Floor sander Grinding machine Heat gun Impact wrench Jackhammer Jointer Jigsaw Lathe Miter saw

Power wrench Radial arm saw Random orbital sander Reciprocating saw Rotary reciprocating saw Rotary tool Sabre saw Sander Scrollsaw Steel cut off saw Table saw Thickness planer

Trimmer Wall chaser Wood router Nail gun Needle scaler Pneumatic torque wrench Powder-actuated tools

Power Tools

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Concrete saw/ Diamond saw A concrete saw is a power tool used for cutting concrete, masonry, brick, asphalt, tile, and other solid materials. It can be a small hand-held cut-off saw, a big walk-behind saw or other styles, and it may be powered by hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, or electric motors. The saw blades used on concrete saws are often diamond saw blades to cut concrete, asphalt, stone, etc. Abrasive cut-off wheels can also be used on cut-off saws to cut stone and steel.

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Power Drill

A drill or drill motor is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment or driving tool attachment, usually a drill bit or driver bit, used for drilling holes in various materials or fastening various materials together with the use of fasteners. The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and rotated while pressed against the target material. The tip, and sometimes edges, of the cutting tool does the work of cutting into the target material.

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Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, construction and do-it-yourself projects. Specially designed drills are also used in medicine, space missions and other applications. Drills are available with a wide variety of performance characteristics, such as power and capacity.

Jackhammer

A jackhammer is a pneumatic tool that combines a hammer directly with a chisel. Hand-held jackhammers are typically powered by compressed air, but some use electric motors. Larger jackhammers, such as rig mounted hammers are used on construction machinery are usually hydraulically powered. They are usually used to breakup rock, pavement, and concrete. In modern terminology, a "jackhammer" does not have the capacity to drill rock. A jackhammer operates by driving an internal hammer up and down. The hammer is first driven down to strike the back of the bit and then back up to return the hammer to the original position to repeat the cycle. The bit usually recovers from the stroke by means of a spring. The effectiveness of the jackhammer is dependent on how much force is applied to the tool.

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Jigsaw

A jigsaw is a tool used for cutting arbitrary curves, such as stenciled designs or other custom shapes, into a piece of wood, metal, or other material. It can be used in a more artistic fashion than other saws, which typically cut in straight lines only. In this way, it is similar to the rasp and the chisel. Although a jigsaw can be used to cut arbitrary patterns, making a straight cut freehand is difficult even with a guide.

Wall chaser

A wall chaser is a power tool used for cutting narrow grooves in walls. Wall chasers are usually powered by an electric motor, which in turn drives two abrasive discs like those found in an angle grinder. The abrasive discs are placed closely together.

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Machineries used for transporting work / Heavy Machineries

Construction machinery that normally used for transporting work is the Lorries and trucks, dumpers, mixer trucks, forklifts, and mobile cranes.

Lorries and Trucks Trucks are those that are used for transporting loose material such as sand, dirt, and gravel for construction.

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Forklift The forklift is a powerful industrial truck that is used to lift and transport material by steel forks that are inserted under the load. Forklifts are commonly used to move loads and equipment that is stored on pallets.

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Mobile Crane A crane is a tower or derrick that is equipped with cables and pulleys that are used to lift and lower material. They are commonly used in the construction industry and in the manufacturing of heavy equipment. Cranes for construction are normally temporary structures, either fixed to the ground or mounted on a purpose built vehicle. They can either be controlled from an operator in a cab that travels along with the crane, by a push button pendant control station, or by radio type controls.

Truck Mounted Crane Cranes mounted on a rubber tire truck will provide great mobility. Outriggers that extend vertically or horizontally are used to level and stabilize the crane during hoisting.

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Dumper Truck Dump trucks or production trucks are those that are used for transporting loose material such as sand, dirt, and gravel for construction. The typical dump truck is equipped with a hydraulically operated open box bed hinged at the rear, with the front being able to be lifted up to allow the contents to fall out on the ground at the site of delivery.

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Others
Even more construction machineries used. Types of Tunnels Construction Machines

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Cutter Head Electric Crawler Excavator Electric Wheel Loader Road Header

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Roof Scaler Rotary Cutter Spiral Conveyor Tunnel Boring Machinery

Canals Construction Machinery

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Canal Finisher Canal Paver's Concrete Mixers Crusher Dozers Dumpers

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Excavators Liners Loaders Mobile Cranes Towable Back Hoes Wheel Loaders

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Types of Bridge Construction Machines

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Bridge Crane Gantry Crane Floating Crane Launching Girder Jib Crane

Types of Road Construction Machines

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Asphalt Paver Asphalt Crawler Paver Asphalt Wheeled Paver Asphalt Road Cutter Asphalt Recyclers Asphalt Plant Bulldozer Cold Planer Compactor

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Drum Mixing Plant Excavators Fork Lifts Loaders Pothole Patcher Machine Paver Finisher Road Rollers Truck Mounted Bitumen Sprayer Various Asphalt Based Plants

Types of Airport Construction Machines

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Caterpillar Construction Cranes Paver Machine

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Road Rollers Spray Trucks Terrain Leveler

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Conclusion

Machinery had been classified to certain field where it could operate to its best. Without the machinery, the construction of different structures, roads, tunnels etc are impossible. Using the construction machines make the work easier, safer and speedier. Therefore large scale project with be completed efficiently compared to without machineries.

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References
http://www.theconstructionmachinery.com/ http://www.earthworksmachinery.com/ http://www.constructionknowledge.net/construction_knowledge.php http://www.enggpedia.com/civil-engineering-encyclopedia/dictionary/highway-atransportation/1654-road-construction-machinery-earthwork-machines-heavy-liftingmachinery http://www.oraclefitness.org/classification-of-construction-machines-as-per-application/ http://sites.google.com/site/introtogeotechnicalengineering/earthwork-equipment http://www.unitedrentals-sr.com/

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