# [ Power BI Data Storytelling ] [ cheatsheet ]

Data Loading and Transformation

● Load data from CSV: Source = Csv.Document(File.Contents("data.csv"),

[Delimiter=",", Columns=10, Encoding=1252, QuoteStyle=QuoteStyle.None])
● Load data from Excel: Source = Excel.Workbook(File.Contents("data.xlsx"),
null, true)
● Load data from SQL Server: Source = Sql.Database("server", "database",
[Query="SELECT * FROM table"])
● Load data from web: Source =
Web.Page(Web.Contents("https://example.com"))
● Remove columns: Table.RemoveColumns(Source, {"Column1", "Column2"})
● Rename columns: Table.RenameColumns(Source, {{"OldName1", "NewName1"},
{"OldName2", "NewName2"}})
● Filter rows: Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Column] = "Value")
● Sort rows: Table.Sort(Source, {{"Column", Order.Ascending}})
● Group by and aggregate: Table.Group(Source, {"GroupColumn"},
{{"AggColumn", each List.Sum([ValueColumn]), type number}})
● Merge queries: Table.NestedJoin(Source1, {"KeyColumn"}, Source2,
{"ForeignKeyColumn"}, "NewColumn", JoinKind.LeftOuter)

Data Cleaning and Preparation

● Remove duplicate rows: Table.Distinct(Source)

● Replace values: Table.ReplaceValue(Source, "OldValue", "NewValue",
Replacer.ReplaceText, {"Column"})
● Fill down missing values: Table.FillDown(Source, {"Column"})
● Fill up missing values: Table.FillUp(Source, {"Column"})
● Pivot data: Table.Pivot(Source, List.Distinct(Source[PivotColumn]),
"PivotColumn", "ValueColumn", "AggregateFunction")
● Unpivot data: Table.UnpivotOtherColumns(Source, {"KeyColumn"},
"Attribute", "Value")
● Split column by delimiter: Table.SplitColumn(Source, "Column",
Splitter.SplitTextByDelimiter(",", QuoteStyle.Csv), {"NewColumn1",
"NewColumn2"})
● Merge columns: Table.CombineColumns(Source, {"Column1", "Column2"},
Combiner.CombineTextByDelimiter(",", QuoteStyle.None), "NewColumn")
● Extract text before delimiter: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column",
each Text.BeforeDelimiter(_, " "), type text}})

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Extract text after delimiter: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column",
each Text.AfterDelimiter(_, " "), type text}})

Date and Time Operations

● Convert to date: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each

Date.From(_), type date}})
● Convert to time: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each
Time.From(_), type time}})
● Extract year: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each
Date.Year(_), type number}})
● Extract month: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each
Date.Month(_), type number}})
● Extract day: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each Date.Day(_),
type number}})
● Extract hour: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each
Time.Hour(_), type number}})
● Extract minute: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each
Time.Minute(_), type number}})
● Extract second: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each
Time.Second(_), type number}})
● Calculate age from birth date: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Age", each
Date.Year(Date.From(DateTime.LocalNow())) - Date.Year([BirthDate]), type
number)
● Calculate difference between dates: Table.AddColumn(Source, "DaysDiff",
each Duration.Days(Duration.From([EndDate] - [StartDate])), type number)

Text Operations

● Convert to uppercase: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column",

Text.Upper, type text}})
● Convert to lowercase: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column",
Text.Lower, type text}})
● Trim whitespace: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", Text.Trim,
type text}})
● Remove numbers: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each
Text.Remove(_, {"0".."9"}), type text}})
● Remove punctuation: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each
Text.Remove(_, {"!"..".", ";".."@", "[".."", "{".."}"}), type text}})`
● Extract text between delimiters: Table.TransformColumns(Source,
{{"Column", each Text.BetweenDelimiters(_, "<", ">"), type text}})

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Extract first n characters: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column",
each Text.Start(_, 5), type text}})
● Extract last n characters: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column",
each Text.End(_, 5), type text}})
● Replace text: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each
Text.Replace(_, "old", "new"), type text}})
● Concatenate columns: Table.AddColumn(Source, "CombinedColumn", each
[Column1] & " " & [Column2], type text)

Numeric Operations

● Round numbers: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each

Number.Round(_, 2), type number}})
● Calculate percentage: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Percentage", each [Value]
/ List.Sum(Source[Value]), type number)
● Calculate running total: Table.AddColumn(Source, "RunningTotal", each
List.Sum(Table.Range(Source, 0, [Index])[Value]), type number)
● Calculate rank: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Rank", each
Table.RowCount(Table.Sort(Table.FirstN(Source, [Index] + 1), {{"Value",
Order.Descending}})), type number)
● Calculate percentile: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Percentile", each
Number.Percentile([Value], 0.5), type number)
● Calculate moving average: Table.AddColumn(Source, "MovingAverage", each
List.Average(List.LastN(Table.Range(Source, 0, [Index])[Value], 3)), type
number)
● Calculate standard deviation: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"StandardDeviation", each List.StandardDeviation(Source[Value]), type
number)
● Calculate correlation: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Correlation", each
Table.CorrelationCoefficient(Source, "Column1", "Column2"), type number)
● Calculate linear regression: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Regression", each
Table.LinearRegression(Source, "Column1", "Column2"), type number)
● Calculate logarithm: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column", each
Number.Log(_, 10), type number}})

Conditional Operations

● Add conditional column: Table.AddColumn(Source, "NewColumn", each if

[Column1] > 10 then "High" else "Low", type text)
● Filter based on condition: Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Column1] > 10)
● Replace values based on condition: Table.ReplaceValue(Source, each if _ =
"OldValue" then "NewValue" else _, Replacer.ReplaceValue, {"Column"})
By: Waleed Mousa
 ● Apply conditional formatting: Table.TransformColumns(Source, {{"Column",
each if _ > 10 then "Red" else if _ < 5 then "Green" else "Blue", type
text}})
● Calculate conditional sum: Table.AddColumn(Source, "ConditionalSum", each
List.Sum(Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Column1] > 10)[Value]), type
number)
● Calculate conditional count: Table.AddColumn(Source, "ConditionalCount",
each Table.RowCount(Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Column1] > 10)), type
number)
● Calculate conditional average: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"ConditionalAverage", each List.Average(Table.SelectRows(Source, each
[Column1] > 10)[Value]), type number)
● Calculate conditional min/max: Table.AddColumn(Source, "ConditionalMin",
each List.Min(Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Column1] > 10)[Value]), type
number)
● Calculate conditional percentile: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"ConditionalPercentile", each Number.Percentile(Table.SelectRows(Source,
each [Column1] > 10)[Value], 0.5), type number)
● Calculate conditional rolling average: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"ConditionalRollingAverage", each
List.Average(List.LastN(Table.SelectRows(Table.Range(Source, 0, [Index]),
each [Column1] > 10)[Value], 3)), type number)

Date and Time Intelligence

● Calculate year-over-year growth: Table.AddColumn(Source, "YoYGrowth",

each ([Value] - Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Date] =
Date.AddYears([Date], -1))[Value]{0}) / Table.SelectRows(Source, each
[Date] = Date.AddYears([Date], -1))[Value]{0}, type number)
● Calculate month-over-month growth: Table.AddColumn(Source, "MoMGrowth",
each ([Value] - Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Date] =
Date.AddMonths([Date], -1))[Value]{0}) / Table.SelectRows(Source, each
[Date] = Date.AddMonths([Date], -1))[Value]{0}, type number)
● Calculate quarter-over-quarter growth: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"QoQGrowth", each ([Value] - Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Date] =
Date.AddQuarters([Date], -1))[Value]{0}) / Table.SelectRows(Source, each
[Date] = Date.AddQuarters([Date], -1))[Value]{0}, type number)
● Calculate running total by year: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"YearRunningTotal", each List.Sum(Table.SelectRows(Table.Range(Source, 0,
[Index]), each Date.Year([Date]) = Date.Year([Date]))[Value]), type
number)

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Calculate running total by month: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"MonthRunningTotal", each List.Sum(Table.SelectRows(Table.Range(Source,
0, [Index]), each Date.Year([Date]) = Date.Year([Date]) and
Date.Month([Date]) = Date.Month([Date]))[Value]), type number)
● Calculate running total by quarter: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"QuarterRunningTotal", each List.Sum(Table.SelectRows(Table.Range(Source,
0, [Index]), each Date.Year([Date]) = Date.Year([Date]) and
Date.QuarterOfYear([Date]) = Date.QuarterOfYear([Date]))[Value]), type
number)
● Calculate year-to-date sum: Table.AddColumn(Source, "YTDSum", each
List.Sum(Table.SelectRows(Source, each Date.Year([Date]) =
Date.Year([Date]) and [Date] <= [Date])[Value]), type number)
● Calculate quarter-to-date sum: Table.AddColumn(Source, "QTDSum", each
List.Sum(Table.SelectRows(Source, each Date.Year([Date]) =
Date.Year([Date]) and Date.QuarterOfYear([Date]) =
Date.QuarterOfYear([Date]) and [Date] <= [Date])[Value]), type number)
● Calculate month-to-date sum: Table.AddColumn(Source, "MTDSum", each
List.Sum(Table.SelectRows(Source, each Date.Year([Date]) =
Date.Year([Date]) and Date.Month([Date]) = Date.Month([Date]) and [Date]
<= [Date])[Value]), type number)
● Calculate rolling average by period: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"RollingAverage", each
List.Average(List.LastN(Table.SelectRows(Table.Range(Source, 0, [Index]),
each Date.Year([Date]) = Date.Year([Date]) and Date.Month([Date]) =
Date.Month([Date]))[Value], 3)), type number)

Advanced Analytics

● Calculate forecast using exponential smoothing: Table.AddColumn(Source,

"Forecast", each Table.ExponentialSmoothing(Source, "Value", 0.2, 3),
type number)
● Calculate forecast using ARIMA: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Forecast", each
Table.ARIMA(Source, "Value", 1, 0, 1), type number)
● Calculate forecast using ETS: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Forecast", each
Table.ETS(Source, "Value", "AAA", 3), type number)
● Calculate forecast using linear regression: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"Forecast", each Table.LinearRegressionForecast(Source, "Date", "Value",
[Date]), type number)
● Calculate forecast using neural network: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"Forecast", each Table.NeuralNetwork(Source, "Value", 3, "sgd", 100, 10),
type number)

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Detect outliers using Z-score: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Outlier", each if
(([Value] - List.Average(Source[Value])) /
List.StandardDeviation(Source[Value])) > 2 then "Yes" else "No", type
text)
● Detect outliers using IQR: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Outlier", each if
[Value] < (List.Percentile(Source[Value], 0.25) - 1.5 *
(List.Percentile(Source[Value], 0.75) - List.Percentile(Source[Value],
0.25))) or [Value] > (List.Percentile(Source[Value], 0.75) + 1.5 *
(List.Percentile(Source[Value], 0.75) - List.Percentile(Source[Value],
0.25))) then "Yes" else "No", type text)
● Calculate sentiment score: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Sentiment", each
Text.Sentiment([Comment]), type number)
● Perform text clustering: Table.TextCluster(Source, "Comment", 5)
● Perform text classification: Table.TextClassify(Source, "Comment",
"Category", {"Positive", "Negative"})

Data Visualization

● Create a bar chart: BarChart = Table.Visualizations(Source, "BarChart",

[Category], [Value], [Color], [Legend])
● Create a line chart: LineChart = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"LineChart", [Date], [Value], [Color], [Legend])
● Create a pie chart: PieChart = Table.Visualizations(Source, "PieChart",
[Category], [Value], [Color], [Legend])
● Create a scatter chart: ScatterChart = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"ScatterChart", [X], [Y], [Color], [Size], [Legend])
● Create a map: Map = Table.Visualizations(Source, "Map", [Latitude],
[Longitude], [Color], [Size], [Tooltips])
● Create a treemap: Treemap = Table.Visualizations(Source, "Treemap",
[Category], [Value], [Color], [Tooltips])
● Create a heatmap: Heatmap = Table.Visualizations(Source, "Heatmap", [X],
[Y], [Value], [Color])
● Create a funnel chart: FunnelChart = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"FunnelChart", [Stage], [Value], [Color], [Legend])
● Create a gauge chart: GaugeChart = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"GaugeChart", [Value], [Target], [Color], [Legend])
● Create a card visual: Card = Table.Visualizations(Source, "Card",
[Measure], [Value], [Color], [Icon])

Data Modeling and Relationships

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Create a new table: NewTable = Table.FromRows(Source, {"Column1",
"Column2", "Column3"})
● Append queries: AppendedTable = Table.Combine({Table1, Table2, Table3})
● Merge queries: MergedTable = Table.NestedJoin(Table1, "Key", Table2,
"ForeignKey", "NewColumn", JoinKind.LeftOuter)
● Create a calculated table: CalculatedTable = Table.AddColumn(Table1,
"NewColumn", each [Column1] * [Column2], type number)
● Create a calculated column: Table.AddColumn(Source, "CalculatedColumn",
each [Column1] + [Column2], type number)
● Define a measure: Measure = CALCULATE(SUM(Table[Column]),
Table[FilterColumn] = "Value")
● Create a date table: DateTable = CALENDAR(DATE(YEAR(MIN(Table[Date])), 1,
1), DATE(YEAR(MAX(Table[Date])), 12, 31))
● Create a hierarchy: Hierarchy = Table.FromColumns({Table[Country],
Table[State], Table[City]}, {"Country", "State", "City"})
● Create a parent-child hierarchy: ParentChildHierarchy =
Table.FromColumns({Table[Employee], Table[Manager]}, {"Employee",
"Manager"})
● Create a many-to-many relationship: ManyToManyRelationship =
Table.AddJoinColumn(Table1, "Key", Table2, "ForeignKey", "Relationship")

Data Validation and Quality

● Check for null values: Table.AddColumn(Source, "IsNull", each if [Column]

= null then "Yes" else "No", type text)
● Check for empty values: Table.AddColumn(Source, "IsEmpty", each if
[Column] = "" then "Yes" else "No", type text)
● Check for duplicates: Table.AddColumn(Source, "IsDuplicate", each if
Table.RowCount(Table.SelectRows(Table.PrefixColumns(Source, {"Index"}),
each [Column] = [Column])) > 1 then "Yes" else "No", type text)
● Check for valid email format: Table.AddColumn(Source, "IsValidEmail",
each if Text.Contains([Email], "@") and Text.Contains([Email], ".") then
"Yes" else "No", type text)
● Check for valid phone number format: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"IsValidPhone", each if Text.Length([Phone]) = 10 and Text.Start([Phone],
2) = "08" then "Yes" else "No", type text)
● Check for values within range: Table.AddColumn(Source, "IsInRange", each
if [Value] >= 0 and [Value] <= 100 then "Yes" else "No", type text)
● Check for values in list: Table.AddColumn(Source, "IsInList", each if
List.Contains({"A", "B", "C"}, [Category]) then "Yes" else "No", type
text)

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Check for consistent formatting: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"IsConsistentFormat", each if Text.Length([Column]) = 5 and
Text.Start([Column], 1) = "X" then "Yes" else "No", type text)
● Calculate data quality score: Table.AddColumn(Source, "DataQualityScore",
each if [IsNull] = "No" and [IsEmpty] = "No" and [IsDuplicate] = "No" and
[IsValidEmail] = "Yes" then 1 else 0, type number)
● Filter rows with data quality issues: Table.SelectRows(Source, each
[DataQualityScore] = 1)

Geospatial Analysis

● Create a geographic hierarchy: GeographicHierarchy =

Table.FromColumns({Table[Country], Table[State], Table[City]},
{"Country", "State", "City"}, "Location")
● Calculate distance between points: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Distance",
each Table.DistanceInMiles([Latitude], [Longitude], [OtherLatitude],
[OtherLongitude]), type number)
● Calculate area of polygon: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Area", each
Table.AreaInSquareMiles([Polygon]), type number)
● Find nearest location: Table.AddColumn(Source, "NearestLocation", each
Table.NearestPoint(Source, [Latitude], [Longitude], [OtherLatitude],
[OtherLongitude]), type text)
● Perform spatial join: Table.SpatialJoin(Table1, Table2, [Polygon1],
[Polygon2], JoinType.Intersects)
● Create a density map: DensityMap = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"DensityMap", [Latitude], [Longitude], [Value], [Color])
● Create a choropleth map: ChoroplethMap = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"ChoroplethMap", [Location], [Value], [Color], [Tooltips])
● Create a route map: RouteMap = Table.Visualizations(Source, "RouteMap",
[StartLatitude], [StartLongitude], [EndLatitude], [EndLongitude],
[Color])
● Create a flow map: FlowMap = Table.Visualizations(Source, "FlowMap",
[SourceLocation], [DestinationLocation], [Value], [Color])
● Create a spatial clustering: SpatialClustering =
Table.Visualizations(Source, "SpatialClustering", [Latitude],
[Longitude], [Cluster], [Color], [Size])

Statistical Analysis

● Calculate covariance: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Covariance", each

Table.Covariance(Source, "Column1", "Column2"), type number)

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Calculate correlation matrix: CorrelationMatrix =
Table.CorrelationMatrix(Source, {"Column1", "Column2", "Column3"})
● Perform t-test: Table.AddColumn(Source, "TTestResult", each
Table.TTest(Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Category] = "A"),
Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Category] = "B"), "Value", 0.05), type
text)
● Perform ANOVA: Table.AddColumn(Source, "ANOVAResult", each
Table.ANOVA(Source, "Value", "Category", 0.05), type text)
● Perform chi-square test: Table.AddColumn(Source, "ChiSquareResult", each
Table.ChiSquareTest(Table.Pivot(Source, "Category", "Result", "Value",
List.Sum), 0.05), type text)
● Calculate linear regression coefficients: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"RegressionCoefficients", each Table.LinearRegression(Source, "X", "Y"),
type any)
● Calculate logistic regression coefficients: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"LogisticRegressionCoefficients", each Table.LogisticRegression(Source,
"X", "Y"), type any)
● Calculate decision tree: Table.AddColumn(Source, "DecisionTree", each
Table.DecisionTree(Source, "Features", "Target"), type any)
● Calculate random forest: Table.AddColumn(Source, "RandomForest", each
Table.RandomForest(Source, "Features", "Target"), type any)
● Calculate K-means clustering: Table.AddColumn(Source, "KMeansClustering",
each Table.KMeansClustering(Source, "Features", 3), type any)

Time Series Analysis

● Decompose time series: TimeSeriesDecomposition =

Table.TimeSeriesDecompose(Source, "Date", "Value",
TimeSeriesComponents.Trend)
● Calculate moving average: Table.AddColumn(Source, "MovingAverage", each
Table.MovingAverage(Source, "Value", 7), type number)
● Calculate exponential moving average: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"ExponentialMovingAverage", each Table.ExponentialMovingAverage(Source,
"Value", 0.2), type number)
● Calculate rolling standard deviation: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"RollingStandardDeviation", each Table.RollingStandardDeviation(Source,
"Value", 30), type number)
● Calculate rolling correlation: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"RollingCorrelation", each Table.RollingCorrelation(Source, "Column1",
"Column2", 30), type number)
● Detect seasonality: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Seasonality", each
Table.DetectSeasonality(Source, "Date", "Value"), type number)

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Detect trend: Table.AddColumn(Source, "Trend", each
Table.DetectTrend(Source, "Date", "Value"), type number)
● Perform Dickey-Fuller test: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"DickeyFullerTestResult", each Table.DickeyFullerTest(Source, "Value"),
type text)
● Perform Granger causality test: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"GrangerCausalityTestResult", each Table.GrangerCausalityTest(Source,
"Column1", "Column2", 5), type text)
● Forecast using Holt-Winters: Table.AddColumn(Source,
"HoltWintersForecast", each Table.HoltWinters(Source, "Value", 12, 0.2,
0.2, 0.2), type number)

Data Storytelling and Communication

● Create a KPI visual: KPI = Table.Visualizations(Source, "KPI", [Value],

[Target], [Status], [Trend])
● Create a waterfall chart: WaterfallChart = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"WaterfallChart", [Category], [Value], [Color], [Tooltips])
● Create a Sankey diagram: SankeyDiagram = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"SankeyDiagram", [Source], [Target], [Value], [Color])
● Create a word cloud: WordCloud = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"WordCloud", [Word], [Frequency], [Color], [Tooltips])
● Create a bullet chart: BulletChart = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"BulletChart", [Category], [Value], [Target], [Color])
● Create a Pareto chart: ParetoChart = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"ParetoChart", [Category], [Value], [Color], [Tooltips])
● Create a box and whisker plot: BoxWhiskerPlot =
Table.Visualizations(Source, "BoxWhiskerPlot", [Category], [Value],
[Color], [Tooltips])
● Create a candlestick chart: CandlestickChart =
Table.Visualizations(Source, "CandlestickChart", [Date], [Open], [High],
[Low], [Close], [Color])
● Create a radar chart: RadarChart = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"RadarChart", [Category], [Value], [Color], [Tooltips])
● Create a polar chart: PolarChart = Table.Visualizations(Source,
"PolarChart", [Angle], [Value], [Color], [Tooltips])

By: Waleed Mousa