Sleep Deprivation Super Final 2 Edited
Sleep Deprivation Super Final 2 Edited
Sleep Deprivation Super Final 2 Edited
COLLEGE OF NURSING
_____________________
A Research Proposal
Presented to the
Ilagan Campus
____________________
By:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to fervently express their million thanks to all the people who
have been by their sides throughout the process of making this study.
Firstly, All glory and praises to the Almighty Father for His relentless spiritual and moral
The researchers would like to express their sincerest gratitude to all the faculty members
and staff at Isabela State University-City of Ilagan Campus College of Nursing for their advice,
unwavering support, and encouragement throughout the process of conducting this study.
To the College of Nursing Dean, Mrs. Beverly D. Taguinod, RN, MSN, for her efforts in
Additionally, the researchers would like to convey their profound gratitude to Mr.
Charles Z. Ariola Jr., RN, MSN, LPT who served as their research adviser and provided
A sincere thanks to the research lecturer, Mr. Roderick Z. Malabug, RN, MSN, (PhD. D
NS), for his insightful counsel that directed the researchers toward improved study outcomes.
To the research RLE instructor, Mrs. Eleanor Atienza, for her steadfast moral support and
To the research statistician, Mr. Calibo for his time and efforts in assisting the researchers
To Maria Jonalyn D. Gangan, the research grammarian, for her advice, patience, and help
in ensuring the researchers followed proper grammar and context while conducting this study.
Finally, to the devoted parents and friends of the researchers for their steadfast moral support and
The researchers are grateful for all the endless support provided by friends, family, and
ABSTRACT
In nursing, sleep deprivation is a common occurrence. While on duty, nurses are expected
to provide for the specific needs of each patient and maintain their professional competence.
Lack of sleep has been associated with higher rates of illness transmission as well as nursing
practice errors. Students who have these issues frequently have difficulty falling asleep,
remaining asleep, and sustaining quality of sleep. The researchers' objectives in conducting this
study is to know if there is a significant difference between the academic performance of student
nurses and sleep deprivation. A descriptive-correlational method was applied to this study to
provide static pictures of situations as well as establish the relationship between variables.
Raosoft's Formula was utilized to get the percentage and sample size. A 4-point Likert rating
scale was used to analyze and interpret the findings. The data were collected using the following
statistical tools (i.e. Frequency and Percentage, Weighted Mean, One-Way Analysis of Variance,
between the sleeping patterns of student nurses and the effects of sleep deprivation. Moreover, if
there is a significant difference between the academic performance of student nurses and the
effects of sleep deprivation. Finally, to determine if there is a significant relationship between the
effects of sleep deprivation and the academic performance of student nurses. This study did not
reveal any significant differences in sleeping patterns, types of sleep, napping habits, or the
duration of naps concerning the psychological, academic, and physical effects of sleep
deprivation among student nurses. Furthermore, the study did not identify a significant
DEDICATION
This research study is genuinely and respectfully dedicated to the Isabela State University-
Ilagan Student Nurses who have been the respondents of their research. To their dearest
parents who gave their full moral and financial support. To their mentors,
The Researchers
CHAPTER I
College life is the most stressful and challenging level for every student
because it puts them in a dilemma on what career path they will pursue as they
prepare themselves for the battle of the real world. As an aftermath, they suffer
physical and mental exhaustion. Rest and sleep became luxurious to every student
appropriately. More so, it has a vital impact on how our brain functions such as
our cognitive thinking capabilities, emotions, actions, judgments, and the like.
According to a study by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2022),
sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life. The
way you feel while you are awake depends in part on what happens while you are
sleeping. During sleep, your body is working to support healthy brain function
There are numerous contributory factors or causes that impair the sleep
work obligations, sleep disorders, and other medical conditions. More so, sleep
deprivation is often driven by voluntary choices that reduce available sleep time.
For example, a person who decides to stay up late to binge-watch a TV series may
who work multiple jobs or extended hours may not have enough time for
sufficient sleep. Shift workers who have to work through the night may also find it
medical conditions. For example, sleep apnea, a breathing disorder that induces
dozens of nightly awakenings, may hinder both sleep duration and quality. Other
medical or mental health problems, such as pain or general anxiety disorder, can
thinking, and mood changes. Feeling extremely tired during the day is one of the
may feel drowsy and have a hard time staying awake even when they need to. In
some cases, this results in microsleeps in which a person dozes off for a matter of
seconds. Insufficient sleep can directly affect how a person feels during their
and mood changes including feelings of stress, anxiety, or irritability (Suni, E.,
2022).
health function that people must fulfill to function well. Another is to formulate a
potential solution to the problem which later on be beneficial not just to the
respondents but also to the people who are experiencing sleep deprivation.
Campus.
1.1. Age
1.2. Sex
o Interrupted Sleep:
o Continuous Sleep:
3.1. Psychological
Hypothesis
Theoretical Framework
care agency) to maintain life, health, and well-being or the ability to care for
others (termed dependent-care agency). The nursing role within the model is to
of the current health state and symptoms being experienced by the individual. The
theory suggests that nurses provide 3 types of care: (1) total compensatory where
the nurse provides total care when the individual cannot perform any self-care, (2)
partial compensatory where the individual and nurse share self-care activities, and
(3) supportive care or educational care where the nurse facilities self-care through
educating the individual with the tools to make decisions or learn skills needed for
total self-care. In this theory, sleep-wake disturbances are symptoms that can
result in sleep deprivation that affects the academic performance of the students
Research Paradigm
1.1. Age
1.2. Sex
1.3. Students’ General
Weighted Average in First
Semester;
1.4. Sleeping Pattern
-Average Number of Determined the effects of
Hours of Sleep Per Day:
-Types of Sleep: sleep deprivation on the
o Interrupted Sleep: Analysis and interpretation
o Continuous Sleep: of data academic performance of
-Average Numbers of
Hours of Nap Per Day (if level III students’ nurses at
applicable):
Isabela State University-
Feedback
Figure 1. The Research Paradigm
Theoretical Framework
care agency) to maintain life, health, and well-being or the ability to care for
others (termed dependent-care agency). The nursing role within the model is to
of the current health state and symptoms being experienced by the individual. The
theory suggests that nurses provide 3 types of care: (1) total compensatory where
the nurse provides total care when the individual cannot perform any self-care, (2)
partial compensatory where the individual and nurse share self-care activities, and
(3) supportive care or educational care where the nurse facilities self-care through
educating the individual with the tools to make decisions or learn skills needed for
total self-care. In this theory, sleep-wake disturbances are symptoms that can
result in sleep deprivation that affects the academic performance of the students
The researchers believed that this study is beneficial to the following people:
ADMINISTRATORS. This study was able to help the school to find out what is needed to
FACULTY. This study helped the teachers to understand the effects of sleep deprivation on the
academic performance of their students and may serve as an eye-opener on how will they handle
them.
STUDENTS. This study helped them open their minds to being sleep deprived affects their
PARENTS. This study was able to give information to the parents on how their child’s academic
performance is being affected by sleep deprivation. In that way, they can offer help or they can
RESEARCHERS. The findings of the study helped to develop their cognitive, affective, and
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. The results of this study were beneficial to them because it will
serve as their future reference in conducting research that is related to this study.
The objectives of this study include the effects of sleep deprivation on nursing
students at the Isabela State University- City of Ilagan Campus. The data was gathered from 101
randomly selected Level 3 nursing students who are mentally stable, enrolled in regular classes,
and carrying a full workload. Raosoft Formula was used by the researchers to obtain the
necessary sample for the study from the current BSN Level 3 population in the first semester.
The same questionnaires were distributed to each respondent. This study investigates
the perceptions and personal experiences of the nursing student regarding the impact of sleep
deprivation on their academic performance. The study’s sources came from recent articles,
existing literature, the internet, and the responses to a survey. In addition, this study’s data would
It is significant to note that academic performance is not solely affected by the amount
of sleep a student has or the quality of sleep. The sample size is not well represented since more
females are respondents. The academic performance of students was limited to their General
Weighted Average which is not the only measure of how well one does in school.
Definition of Terms
To provide the readers of this research a better understanding of the content, the
Nursing student- A person who is actively learning, while pursuing academic studies related to
Physical Performance- acts as a mechanism in the relationship between physical activity and
Psychological Performance- This involves assessments and intervention strategies that enhance
Sleep- The process of retiring to bed and being in a relaxed state of mind, eventually
reinvigorates brain and body functions after arousal. (Sharma & Andrade).
Sleep Deprivation- The reduction of sleep time that is required to maintain attentiveness,
cognitive functions, and a healthy lifestyle. Sleep deprivation can occur as a result of constant
Sleep Patterns – Routine sleep time that is set aside by individuals to engage in sleep, thus,
This part deliberately presented the different views of authors, findings from previous
studies, and varied ideas from research writers regarding the effects of sleep deprivation on the
academic performance of the students. The readings were carefully chosen as to their significant
contribution to the purpose of this study. Also, the shared views enriched the discussion of this
study and gave the researcher a wider understanding and perception of the present inquiry.
College students frequently struggle with sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation harm your
general health and performance, both at school and at work (after graduation). With relation to
diagnosed sleep deficiency issues, it is critical to understand why you require adequate sleep.
Sleeping takes up around one-third of your daily schedule, according to the Institute of
Neurological and Stroke. As necessary to living as food and water is good sleep and receiving
enough of it at the correct times. It is more difficult to focus and respond fast when you are
sleep-deprived because you are unable to construct or mount the neural connections in your brain
Ahrberg (2012) and his colleagues, they found that students' circadian sleep rhythms are affected
by a variety of stressors, with work and school stressors being the most common. A working
student may experience stress from attending school, working excessively hard at work,
returning home to complete additional schoolwork until the early hours of the morning, and so
on.
Meanwhile, Leodinas (2012) reiterated the importance of having 6-8 hours of sleep to
improve academic performance in school. He also added that having a nap in the afternoon has a
tremendous impact. The more we study sleep deprivation the more we understand the importance
of sleep and how it improves our memory and learning. Once we are sleep deprived, we may
suffer from reduced critical thinking, messes up memory and mood, retard reasoning, and shutter
quantitative skills.
A study by Anderson et. al (2012), sought to ascertain the extent to which sleep
deprivation affects memory. A total of forty-four people participated in the study to see how
parts of the visual working memory were affected by one night of total sleep deprivation and
four nights of partial sleep deprivation. One night of total sleep deprivation and four nights of
partial sleep deprivation did not effect memory, according to the researchers; However, total lack
of sleep did affect information recall. Additionally, the study's authors (Drummond et al.)
More so for humans, sleep is a vital physiological function. Due to shifting social
nations frequently complain about poor sleep quality. Ethiopian researchers haven’t looked at the
quality of sleep among university students. Hence, this study evaluated university students’ sleep
quality as well as its psychological and demographic implications. Due to academic expectations,
medical students are subject to a high amount of strain. Their sleep pattern is characterized by
short periods of sleep, delayed sleep start, and incidence of daytime naps.
Also, it has been observed that there is currently a growing interest in researching on the
sleep patterns of employees who work nights or who must wake up early. As a result, the goal of
this study was to find out how nursing students who study during the day and work at night sleep
and how tired they are. Thirty students completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and a Sleep
Journal for thirty days to participate. On days off from work and during vacations from school,
as opposed to during the regular school year, men slept longer than women. The prevalence of
excessive daytime sleepiness reflected the participants' high levels of fatigue and sleepiness. In
conclusion, night workers who are deprived of sleep-wake up earlier to study, resulting in high
levels of fatigue that may hinder their academic and professional performance.
Furthermore, sleep affects the quality of our waking up every morning. It has a holistic
effect on every individual such as their productivity, emotional stability, creativity, and physical
vitality. With that, we should never deprive ourselves of quality sleep because it helps our body
Additionally, Arendt et. al (2014), emphasized that sleep loss directly affects the
attention, and problem-solving skills. Apart from that, sleep deprivation can lead to daytime
sleepiness. With these factors, students are likely to achieve lower test scores or grades.
However, it has been shown that cognitive function is not hindered as drastically when
Subsequently, Bill Velasco stated that one of the major health problems that have been
insidiously affecting Filipinos is lack of sleep. 46% of Filipinos do not get enough sleep while
32% said they sleep for less than 6 hours. He also accentuated that proper sleep has been proven
to help students perform better in school the following day, particularly in complicated tasks like
mathematics. Students who have adequate sleep have higher grade of scores than those with
sleep deprivation. According to a study, 27% of students are at risk of developing at least one
sleep disorder.
More so, Philips raises awareness of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in the Philippines
Philips, Sleep Society of the Philippines and Centuria Medical Makati, hosted the Sleep Apnea
Forum to educate healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of OSA and lifestyle
a medical issue that impacts their sleep. Here in the Philippines, more than 10 million said they
are suffering from insomnia which is considered to have one of the highest rates of sleep
Moreover, Dr. Castillo, a psychiatrist at the Zamboanga City Medical Center said that
chronic sleep deprivation and inability to focus at work or school can be an early sign of
impending mental issues and should seek medical assistance. Meanwhile, the medical society has
grown more and more concerned over the rising cases of suicides, especially among the youth,
including in Zamboanga City. Social media could influence teens to create unrealistic
expectations of themselves and intuitively amplify strong negative emotions such as loneliness,
Subsequently, sleep depth and basal sleep are two factors that influence one's quality of
sleep. The recommended amount of sleep for optimal health is known as basal sleep. The amount
of sleep lost over time as a result of poor sleeping habits, illness, the environment, or other
factors is known as sleep debt. According to the National Sleep Foundation (2014), sleep
deprivation decreases the quality of sleep. Because the two function concurrently, it is important
to note that sleep quality is just as important as sleep quantity. Studies have shown that fewer
hours of sleep are linked to lower performance on complex mental tasks, eventhough some
people may feel rested with a few hours of sleep each night. Due to the academic atmosphere
that encourages critical thinking, college students' performance on complex tasks is important
(Morgenthaler, 2014).
Meanwhile, a teenager should get about nine hours of sleep each night (Noland 225;
Epstein; 18) School of Public Health Teens may experience sleep deprivation if they sleep less
than nine hours each night (Bergin, 45; 18) School of Public Health Therefore, sleep deprivation
can have an impact on a student's academic performance, behavior, or physical potential (Bergin
45; Black 34; Thabane, Powles, and Gibson; the 19th school of public health). As a result, a
student's grade will fall if they consistently skip bedtime (Black 35; Epstein; 224 Noland). By
increasing stress and obesity, sleep deprivation may also contribute to health issues (Blank 35;
Additionally, undergraduate students frequently have inadequate sleep. For the past 30
years, Pace Schott decreased over the last 30 years. Much research has been conducted that
shows how much such sleep deprivation affects the body’s systems and organs. Lack of sleep is
a widespread issue in society and can have detrimental effects on one’s physical and emotional
well-being.
Function in Nursing Students Using an Autonomic Reflex Orthostatic Test by Heart Rate
Spectral Analysis," 2015) looked at how 121 nursing students at the Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine's nursing program used their autonomic nervous systems. An autonomic
reflex orthostatic tolerance test was used to evaluate the standing load of the participants, and
their heart rate variability was looked at during the test. 7 Their autonomic reflex was measured
with an electrocardiogram over approximately five minutes. The participant was asked to sit for
two minutes, stand for two minutes, and lie down for one minute in order to take these
measurements. It was hypothesized that fourth-year students face greater academic demands. As
a result, the autonomic nervous system of these participants would be functioning abnormally.
In addition, fourth-year students had a low resting state and hypotension in their
parasympathetic nervous system. The fourth-year students presented with a high-standing state
regarding autonomic nervous system function and a high sympathetic nervous system function,
in contrast to the first-year students. Stress-induced sympathetic nerve activation while inhibiting
the parasympathetic nervous system. In the meantime, standing caused a significant autonomic
nervous system response to fatigue. Additionally, the autonomic nervous system is influenced by
stress, particularly in fourth-year students. Moreover, sleep has been shown to decrease
sympathetic nerve activity. There were two limitations to this study. The small population and
The Philippine Daily Inquirer conducted a study and revealed that Filipinos are
considered the most sleep-deprived people in Asia. More or less 50 million Filipinos have less
Additionally, a study conducted by Almazroua I. et. al (2016) aims to study the effect of
sleep deprivation on medical students at different academic levels and investigate the causes of
sleep deprivation affecting them and problems related to it. The chosen respondents of this study
were medical students in the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth academic years at the College
of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Another result reveals that there were
341 responses, with a response rate of 88.8%. The number of medical students who had normal
sleeping hours was 104 (53.1%) male students and 71 (49%) female students. The prevalence of
sleep deprivation was higher among male students (62 [31.6%]) as compared with female
students (42 [29%]), P value was 0.278. Fifth-level students were more deprived on weekdays
and weekends than other-level students with P values of 0.216 and 0.001, respectively. There
was a significant difference in the grade point average (GPA) concerning sleep deprivation. The
number of students who got GPA 4 or more and who were sleep deprived was 68 (65.4%)
whereas the number of those who were not sleep deprived was 180 (83%) (P= 0.0004).
Therefore, the researchers concluded that the most common cause of sleep deprivation among
medical students was studying. Sleep deprivation was negatively associated with academic
Sleep deprivation adversely affects the brain and cognitive function. Moreover, it tends to
cause slower brain waves in the frontal cortex, shortened attention span, higher anxiety, impaired
memory, and a grouchy mood. Gayathri R utilized a questionnaire-based survey. The survey
comprises questions about the effects of sleep deprivation among college students. This survey
was administered to the 100 participants through a Survey Planet link. The researcher therefore
concluded that sleep deprivation is a major problem faced among college students of the present
generation. There are several causes attributed to it such as irritability, mood swings, lack of
motivation, swelling of the eye, and headaches are consequences that may harm the health
condition severely.
This study found that 59.7% of students in the sample had poor sleep quality, as
measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Ye et al., 2017). According to the findings of
the study, taking long naps at night can have negative effects on cognitive performance and
subjective alertness. It was found that people had the worst quality of sleep when they napped
more than three times per week and for more than two hours. In addition, students who napped
between the hours of six and nine at night slept for shorter periods. In general, participants who
napped frequently throughout the day reported poor nighttime sleep quality and symptoms of
sleep deprivation. According to Ye et al. (2017), these participants showed lower levels of daily
function and cognitive performance, which harmed their academic performance. The use of
unreliable and invalidated survey questions, self-reported napping and sleep patterns, and the
absence of a daily nap count or description of the napping experience are some of the study's
limitations. In addition, the cross-sectional survey's data indicate that napping and nighttime
Subsequently, Ye et al.'s study, "Napping in College Students and Its Relationship with
Nighttime Sleep," investigated the effects of napping on nighttime sleep. It's important to know
how often, how long, and when a person usually takes a nap during the day when looking into
the connection between naps and nighttime sleep. Researchers will be able to better determine
the advantages and disadvantages of napping, particularly how it affects academic performance
and overall health, with the assistance of an understanding of these factors. The fact that short
naps can boost alertness and neurobehavioral performance is a well-known benefit. Additionally,
it is thought that prolonged naps cause drowsiness and confusion, which in turn may affect
A study conducted by Rose S. and Ramanan S. (2017) aims to find out the effect of sleep
deprivation on academic performance and cognitive functions among college students. The result
revealed that a total of 150 respondents, with a response rate of 75%, were obtained. 143 (95.3%)
students obtained less than the recommended 7-8 hours of sleep. The students whose GPA was
lower were associated with lesser sleep duration and sleep deprivation. More so, the cognitive
functions of college students like memory, attention, and concentration were also impaired.
Therefore, the researchers concluded that sleep deprivation tremendously decreased academic
performance and impaired the cognitive function of the students. Thus, adequate sleep is
To investigate the connection between napping and the quality of one's sleep, 440
randomly selected undergraduate college students participated in the study. 17 emails were used
to find participants, and undergraduate students received an anonymous survey. Both open-ended
and multiple-choice questions were used in the survey. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
(PSQI), a self-rating questionnaire, was used to evaluate students' sleep quality and disturbances
over one month. The duration, frequency, and timing of naps were the subject of the questions.
Demographics, general health, sleep satisfaction, academic performance, weekday and weekend
sleep schedules, and sleep routines are additional topics for questions.
memory maintenance. The Experimental Psychology Journal: Stepan et al. (2019), investigated
how procedural task error rates are affected by lack of sleep. 234 students between the ages of 18
and 25 at Michigan State University participated in this study, which looked at both procedural
errors and sleep deprivation. These undergraduate students were fluent in English. In addition,
none of the participants were colorblind, had no significant sleep disturbances, or had a strong
preference for either the morning or evening. They also did not have any existing memory or
sleep disorders. The participants received course credit as compensation (Stepan et al., 2019).
More so, the researchers used two testing rooms and groups of up to eleven individuals
for the study. Participants were instructed to get at least six hours of sleep the night before the
study and to get up at nine in the morning. These students were not permitted to nap before
entering the laboratory or during the 24 hours preceding the study. Nor were they permitted to
consume caffeine, alcohol, or drugs. The study began at ten in the morning. When they arrived,
each participant completed sleepiness and mood assessments, the UNRAVEL task (perform a
series of tasks in a looped, specific order in response to a stimulus), and a variety of cognitive
and personality measures. After completing these tasks, the group was randomly divided into
two groups—a sleep group and a sleep deprivation group—under double-blind conditions. The
other 23 groups were required to remain awake overnight in the laboratory, while one group was
given a Fitbit to track their sleep activity and told to go home and sleep. Participants who had not
gotten enough sleep were required to complete sleepiness and mood assessments every two
hours. At 8:45 in the morning the following day, the students who slept at home arrived at the
laboratory.
Consequently, the UNRAVEL test, cognitive tasks, and sleepiness and mood assessments
were then completed by both groups. Regarding the UNRAVEL test, the experiment's results
were evaluated using sequence and non-sequence errors (Stepan et al., 2019). People who don't
get enough sleep shouldn't do procedural tasks, especially when they involve interruptions and
costly mistakes, according to this study. Participants who had not gotten enough sleep were
either unwilling or unable to complete the same tasks they had done the night before. Higher
error rates were observed with the sleep-deprived individuals who were able to complete the
tasks. Memory errors accounted for the majority of the errors, particularly when tasks were
timed. One limitation of this study was that it did not investigate whether sleep-deprived
Consequently, a study conducted by Chen W. and Chen J. (2019) revealed that sleep
deprivation can have substantial consequences for college learning and achievement. More so,
the present study used two waves of longitudinal data from the U.S. Wabash National Study
(N = 3549) to examine the relationships between sleep deprivation and school-record grade point
average (GPA) and college graduation. The results suggest that chronic sleep deprivation is
associated with lower GPA. Students who experienced sleep deprivation from their freshman to
senior years had a lower chance of graduation than students who were not sleep deprived.
Furthermore, sleep deprivation during students' senior year was found to be more consequential
for college graduation than sleep deprivation during their freshman year.
Sleep is vital to every individual, in fact sleep impacts the academic performance. Sleep
consistency measures how likely a student is to be awake or asleep at the same time each day.
Students with greater sleep consistency have better academic performance. A morning circadian
preference and earlier classes are associated with higher grades. Meanwhile, later high school
start times may increase sleep duration, but do not consistently increase GPA to improve mood
and well-being. Heshner J. said if a student is struggling academically, screening for a sleep
disorder is vital. Interestingly, devices are under development which may allow students to better
monitor their sleep habits, sleep consistency, chronotype and sleep behaviors. Heshner J.
suggests that for the proactive student, these devices may enhance sleep behaviors and academic
performance. Schools need to develop sleep friendly policies and interventions to promote
Okano et al. 's research, titled "Sleep Quality, Duration, and Consistency are Associated
with Better Academic Performance in College Students," 2019) used a Fitbit to monitor the sleep
of 88 participants in a study examining the impact of sleep on academic performance. The Fitbit
is an accessory that can be used to track things like how many steps you take, your heart rate,
and how long you sleep. The relationship between gender and sleep and academic performance
was the second objective. The researchers hypothesized that gender differences were caused by
Furthermore, the participants were MIT students enrolled in the fall semester's The Solid-
State Chemistry class. Each of the 88 participants received a Fitbit and was placed in a section
that best suited their schedule. Other sections were not open to participation by the participants.
Quizzes, midterms, and a final exam assessed the course material for each participant.
Participants' knowledge was tested through weekly quizzes leading up to the date of the quiz.
Prior to the exam date, students were required to complete three midterms covering three to four
weeks of content. The material covered throughout the semester was tested on a 16-question
More so, there were several findings in the study. Longer-term, better-quality sleep was
associated with improved performance and grades. There was no correlation between test
performance the night before an exam and better sleep quality, despite the fact that better grades
were associated with consistent sleep. However, when sleep quality was improved for a month
and a week prior to a test, sleep duration was correlated with higher grades (Okano et al., 2019).
The wearable activity device has limitations. Although a Fitbit device can estimate stages of
sleep, there is no published evidence that it can accurately predict quality of sleep. Factors like
stress, anxiety, motivation, personality traits, and gender roles that can affect sleep may also limit
Meanwhile, sleep disruption in medical students and its relationship to poor academic
performance: Seoane et al.'s "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" The connection between
sleep deprivation and academic performance was the subject of an 18-month study (2020). There
were 29 studies evaluated, and 5,646 out of 14,170 students reported poor quality sleep. Rapid
eye movement (REM) sleep was thought to improve long-term memory performance.
Meanwhile, non-REM sleep would be linked to declarative memory, such as recalling events and
participants. Over more than one night, students' sleep quality, duration, and diurnal sleepiness
were measured. During the regular school day, participants' sleep quality was evaluated.
Questionnaires, standardized tests, and grade point averages were used to evaluate academic
Additionally, the findings of several studies were compiled in the article. Medical
students' performance was found to improve in some studies when they got less sleep. A
psychiatric and sleep assessment on a regular basis could help participants who aren't getting
enough sleep. As a result, academic performance and quality of life may rise. Even though poor-
quality sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness were not severe, they were strongly linked to
The study's shortcomings include an excessive number of female medical students. None
of the studies in this study included objective measures of sleep characteristics. However,
academic performance is correlated with quality of sleep. In studies conducted in 2012 or later,
and in those in which women made up more than 50% of the sample, this correlation was found
to be significantly higher in the Middle East and Asia/Oceania (Seoane et al., 2020). It is
comorbidities did not yield sufficient data. To put it another way, there isn't enough data to
healthcare field. According to Kaliyaperumal et al. (2017) study titled "Effects of Sleep
nighttime nurses' cognitive abilities are affected by lack of sleep. Between August 2016 and
September 2016, this study was conducted. Staff nurses who had been on a rotating schedule for
at least one year were the participants, ranging in age from 20 to 50. They would work the day
shift for one month before switching to the night shift for the following month. According to
Hospitals in Tamil Nadu, India. 2017). The nurses had to work eight-hour shifts and six days a
week to take part in this study. In addition, none of the nurses in the study had any of the 21
mental or medical conditions that were being studied, worked extra hours, or had another job.
There were 97 female and 3 male participants after weaning out those who did not meet the
eligibility requirements. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Version 7.3, the Stroop
test, and Memoryze were used to measure cognition and executive function. The Vigilance Test,
a simple reaction time test, and a timed math test were among the mobile applications used to
assess attention, reaction time, photographic memory, and numerical cognition, also known as
mental speed. The Wilcox Signed Rank test (Kaliyaperumal et al.,) was used to compare non-
parametrical values, and SPSS Version 19.0 was used to analyze the data. 2017). The Epworth
Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to measure the prevalence of sleep deprivation throughout the
In fact, the study found that 69% of the nurses in this study had difficulty getting enough
sleep. It was discovered that at night, general intelligence and attention were lower than during
the day. On the other hand, it was discovered that at night, mental speed and reaction time were
better. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Version 7.3, nurses who
worked the day shift had better cognition. Furthermore, this study found that sleep deprivation
had a negative impact on daytime and nighttime execution, memory, response time, and mental
speed related to numerical cognition (Kaliyaperumal et al., 2017). As a result, sleep deprivation
performance among nursing students were examined in the article "Gender Differences in the
Relationship Between Sleep Disturbances and Academic Performance Among Nursing Students"
published in 2020. It is hypothesized that gender may have an impact on academic performance
and sleep in nursing students. In addition, previous research has shown that females have worse
From July 1, 2018, to September 30, 2018, 142 students participated in this study. From
first-year to fourth-year students, all of the participants were enrolled in undergraduate programs
in Indonesia during the 2017–18 academic year. Biodemographic information, the Pittsburgh
Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the
gather sleep data (Marta et al., 2020). Questions focused on known factors that affect sleep, sleep
quality and disturbances, male and female insomnia, daytime sleepiness, preferences for the
circadian rhythm, and the severity of depression symptoms were the instruments used to collect
information on sleep. After the sleep surveys were finished, data on academic performance was
gathered using grade point averages from the 2017–18 school year. SPSS Version 23.0,
independent T-tests, chi-square tests, and the odds ratio were used to analyze the data. T
determine the relationship between two distinct groups and a specific event, such as poor or good
academic performance, a logistic regression model and a multivariate logistic regression model
sleepiness, insomnia, and poor quality of sleep. According to Marta et al., about a quarter of the
participants reported feeling tired during the day. 2020). This finding was frequently observed in
students who experienced bad sleep quality and insomnia. In addition, the study's findings
indicate that nursing students in general frequently experience insomnia and poor sleep quality.
Female nursing students with insomnia were also more likely to struggle academically. However,
in male nursing students, there was no correlation between insomnia and academic performance
(Marta et al., 2020). The cross-sectional design, the single nursing school serving as the sample,
and the subjective self-administered questionnaires are three of this study's limitations. To
actuality, it may be dangerous or even fatal. Toying P. (2020) examined 119 senior high
Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM) students who were chosen using simple random
sampling for this study by using a descriptive and correlational approach. Results showed that
88% of the students had sleep problems and that they typically slept for less than 6 hours each
night. Due to social media, playing mobile games, and performing schoolwork and assignments,
students are sleep-deprived. Additionally, 61 percent of the students have a general average that
is only quite satisfactory (75-79), and 29 percent have a grade that is just satisfactory (80-84) in
the K-12 grading system. This suggests that low academic performance and a high prevalence of
tiredness in classroom behavior are related. Policymakers, school administrators, and teachers
may utilize the implications as a foundation for teaching children, as well as their parents, how to
use mobile phones and other technology responsibly. The usage of mobile phones must be
controlled by the parents, who should establish bedtime or lights-out guidelines. A set bedtime or
schedule must be followed. To achieve high academic accomplishment, school administrators
and teachers must have a well-planned and well-designed policy on assigning assignments and
homework.
SYNTHESIS
Sleep is vital to every individual for a person to function well, he/she needs to have
adequate sleep. More so, sleep deprivation has a tremendous impact on the academic
performance and cognitive function of students. College students frequently struggle with sleep
deprivation.
chronic sleep deprivation may eventually lead to sleep disorder which is very crucial to the
holistic health of a person. Moreover, it is more difficult to focus and respond fast when you are
sleep- deprived because you are unable to construct or mount the neural connections in your
The review of related literature and studies is composed of foreign and local studies
wherein the researchers narrate in detail the effects of sleep deprivation on the academic
performance of students. The researchers also included conceptual works of literature for the
Meanwhile, the existing research studies exploring sleep deprivation supported the claim
of the researchers that there is a significant relationship between sleep deprivation and the
academic performance of respondents when grouped according to their profile. Research studies
indicated that sleep deprivation tremendously decreased academic performance and impaired the
cognitive function of the students. Thus, adequate sleep is paramount for the students to have a
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, locale of the study and the respondents of the
study, sampling procedure, research instrument, scoring procedure, data gathering procedures,
the treatment of the data, and statistical tools. A descriptive method such as frequency and,
percentage computation was used to describe the general findings of the study. A survey
Research Design
(2009) said that Descriptive-Correlational design aims to provide static pictures of situations as
well as establish the relationship between different variables. More so, according to Driessnack
et. al, the name itself is a mix of descriptive and correlational research designs which provide an
explanatory study on the certain phenomenon evident in the research paper and a systematic
query on the relationship between variables being used in the study. This method will be used to
determine the effects of sleep deprivation on the academic performance of level III student
The respondents of this study were taken from the BSN Level III students who were
randomly selected. The said student nurses are officially enrolled during the School Year 2022-
2023.
Research Instruments
QuestionPro defines the Likert scale as a unidimensional scale that researchers use to
collect respondents’ attitudes and opinions. More so, the researchers utilized the Likert answers
of the respondents in every question on the questionnaires. The computed arithmetic mean is
verbally described using a descriptive Rating of the 4-point Likert scale. Questionnaires were
self-made validated and verified by Madam Beverly D. Taguinod, Madam Marilou Malabug, and
Before the questionnaire was floated to the respondents, permission to conduct the study
was obtained from Mrs. Beverly D. Taguinod, MSN, Dean of the College of Nursing which will
later be coordinated with the research adviser. To make sure that the data needed will be filled in
with full accuracy and reliability, the researcher will personally deliver the survey questionnaires
to the respondents. Retrieval will be done just after the respondents have answered all the needed
information.
The data were consolidated and collated after the entire questionnaire was collected in a
prescribed and appropriate form or table for presentation, discussion and analysis.
To give meaning on the data gathered, the following statistical tool and instrumentation
was employed.
1. Frequency and Percentage distribution was used to determine the profile of the level III
2. T Weighted Mean was used to determine the average of all answers from the
respondents. Furthermore, it is also used to assess what among all the questions have the biggest
weight. Weighted Mean is used to determine the effects of sleep deprivation on the academic
performance of level III student nurses of Isabela State University-City of Ilagan Campus.
difference between the sleeping pattern of student nurses and effects of sleep deprivation.
difference between the academic performance of student nurses and effects of sleep deprivation.
significant relationship between the effects of sleep deprivation and academic performance of the
respondents.
CHAPTER IV
This chapter presents the results, analysis, and interpretation of data gathered from the
answers to the questionnaires distributed to the field. The data were presented in tabular form in
accordance with the specific questions posited in the statement of the problem.
20 13 12.9
21 74 73.3
22 14 13.9
Table 1.1 Presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents’ profiles in
terms of Age.
In terms of age distribution, the largest proportion of respondents are 21 years old,
representing 73.3 percent of the sample. Meanwhile, 20-year-olds account for 12.9 percent, and
22-year-olds make up 13.9 percent. The age distribution suggests that the majority of student
nurses in the study fall within the 20 to 21-year-old range. A study conducted by Dokuka and
Smirnov (2020) found high academic performance to be associated with shorter sleep among
Female 84 83.2
Male 17 16.8
Table 1.2 Presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents’ profiles
in terms of Sex.
Regarding the respondents' sex, the majority are female, constituting 83.2 percent of the
sample, while male respondents make up the remaining 16.8 percent. This indicates that there is
a significant gender imbalance among the participants, with more female student nurses included
in the study.
Marta et al. (2020), in the article titled “Gender Differences in the Relationship Between
Sleep Disturbances and Academic Performance Among Nursing Students,” studied how gender
hypothesized that gender can affect both sleep and academic performance. Additionally, based
on past studies, it has been found that females experience worse sleep quality than males (Marta
et al., 2020).
Table 1.3 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents’ Profile According to
Table 1.3 Presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents’ profiles
The respondents' General Weighted Average (GWA) is also analyzed. The largest group
falls within the GWA range of 1.51 to 2.00, comprising 54.5 percent of the sample. The other
GWA ranges are less represented, with 1.00 to 1.50 at 3 percent, 2.01 to 2.50 at 40.6 percent, and
2.51 to 3.00 at 2 percent. This indicates that a significant proportion of student nurses have a
GWA in the mid-range, which might be useful for analyzing the relationship between GWA and
Several research, notably Gwa, have investigated the association between sleep
deprivation and academic performance. Gomes et. al (2016), conducted a study on undergraduate
students and discovered a substantial link between sleep deprivation and poor academic
performance. According to the findings, inadequate sleep has a detrimental impact on GWA by
reducing cognitive capacities essential; for successful studying and exam performance.
2. Sleeping Pattern
Table 2.1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents’ Profile According to
4 9 8.9
5 21 20.8
6 40 39.6
7 17 16.8
8 14 13.9
Table 2.1. Presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents’ profiles
The study also explores the number of hours of sleep the respondents get. Most student
nurses reported sleeping for 6 hours (39.6 percent) or 7 hours (16.8 percent). This suggests that a
substantial number of respondents may be experiencing some degree of sleep deprivation, which
aligns with the study's focus on sleep deprivation's effects on academic performance.
According to Toying P. (2020), being sleepy in class can have a vital impact on the
academic performance of a student. Lack of sufficient sleep can be harmful and even deadly. It is
a basic necessity of life and an important part of learning. This study utilized descriptive and
correlational design to examine 119 senior high Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM)
students who were selected through simple random sampling. Findings revealed that 88 percent
of the students were sleep deprived and they usually sleep for less than 6 hours only.
Table 2.2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents’ Profile According to
Types of Sleep
Continuous 34 33.7
Interrupted 67 66.3
Table 2.2. Presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents’ profiles
In terms of types of sleep, the majority of respondents have interrupted sleep patterns
(66.3 percent), while 33.7 percent report continuous sleep. This finding could be crucial in
A study conducted by Faizan S. and Genpat M. (2019), revealed that there were 512
(64.24 percent) students with global PSQI score ≥5 indicating poor sleep quality. The mean GPA
of poor sleepers was 2.92 ± 1.09 which was significantly lower than that of good sleepers (p <
0.0001). In the group of students who scored lower GPA (2.0-2.7), 28.2 percent had very bad
subjective sleep quality, 29.05 percent had sleep latency of 16-30 min, 29.4 percent had sleep
duration of <5-7 h, 27.8 percent had sleep efficiency of <85 percent, and 37.7 percent
experienced daytime dysfunction almost every day. Adequate sleep is essential to refresh the
students every day and help them in learning and memory processing. Medical students and their
facilitators should comprehend the negative effects of sleep deprivation on student academics
and should take adequate measures to improve the sleep quality of students.
Table 2.3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents’ Profile in Terms of Nap
Yes 77 76.2
No 24 23.8
1 hour 36 35.6
2 hours 30 29.7
3 hours 8 7.9
4 hours 1 1.0
Table 2.3 Presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents’ profiles
Regarding napping habits, a significant majority of respondents (76.2 percent) take naps,
while 23.8 percent do not. Among those who nap, the most common duration is 1 hour (35.6
percent), followed by 15 to 30 minutes (25.7 percent). This information indicates that napping is
a common coping mechanism among student nurses, potentially in response to sleep deprivation.
According to Bagheri R. et. al (2021), many people take daytime naps, with the
percent. Reasons for napping are multiple: in response to sleep loss (i.e., replacement napping),
in preparation for sleep loss (i.e., prophylactic napping), or just for enjoyment (i.e., appetitive
napping). Our study demonstrated that napping in the afternoon improved all types of cognitive
reasoning, reaction time, and symbol recognition. Napping appears beneficial for all types of
memory, either procedural, declarative, or short-term memory. Daytime napping offers various
other benefits such as relaxation, reduced fatigued and improve mood. Napping can boost
creativity and productivity, improve physical performance, and help people cope with fatigue
A study conducted by Chee M. et. al (2018), found that a 1 hr nap provided comparable
improvement to learning as an equivalent time spent cramming. When tested 30 min after
learning, retention of factual knowledge was significantly greater after an hour spent napping or
cramming relative to taking a break. The nap benefit remained after 1 week while cramming no
2.87, with a relatively low standard deviation of 0.51. This suggests that, on average, student
nurses in the study experience these psychological effects, such as difficulty concentrating
during class or clinical duties, mood disturbances, and sleep-related disruptions, sometimes. The
narrow standard deviation indicates that the responses are relatively consistent among the
According to Minkel, J. et al. (2012), in the article "Sleep deprivation and stressors:
Evidence for elevated negative affect in response to mild stressors when sleep deprived" Sleep-
deprived participants reported greater subjective stress, anxiety, and anger than rested controls
following exposure to the low-stressor condition, but not in response to the high-stressor
condition, which elevated negative mood and stress about equally for both sleep conditions.
These results suggest that sleep deprivation lowers the psychological threshold for the perception
of stress from cognitive demands but does not selectively increase the magnitude of negative
When it comes to academic performance, the mean score is 2.60, with a standard
deviation of 0.49. This indicates that, on average, student nurses in the study experience these
sometimes. While the mean is still in the "Experienced Sometimes" range, the lower mean
suggests that academic performance is somewhat less affected than psychological well-being on
average. The standard deviation remains narrow, indicating consistent responses in this category.
The academic performance of students is also affected by the sleep regularity, quantity,
and quality that an individual acquires. The systematic review conducted by Bueno, Moreno,
Muro, M. Ruiz, MA Ruiz & Plasencia in 2020 showed that poor academic performance is
Regarding physical effects, the mean score is 2.75, with a standard deviation of 0.46.
This suggests that, on average, student nurses experience physical effects of sleep deprivation,
such as interference with daily activities, lack of energy, and irritability, sometimes. The
standard deviation remains relatively low, indicating a consistent trend among the participants in
this category.
According to a study conducted by Binks et al. (2020), 77.8% of nursing students had
trouble sleeping. Overall, the sleep quality of students who frequently skipped meals, consumed
unhealthy foods, drank alcohol, and smoked was poor. This study failed to find a significant link
between physical exercise and sleep. According to the study's findings, poor lifestyle choices and
previous medical disorders have a negative impact on sleep, which eventually leads in poorer
The table presents the results of a statistical analysis aimed at investigating the
relationship between the effects of sleep deprivation sleeping pattern. The research question
focuses on whether there is a significant relationship in sleeping patterns concerning
The analysis employs an F-value and p-value to determine the significance of the
relationships between sleeping patterns and the three categories of sleep deprivation effects:
In terms of the number of hours of sleep, the F-values for psychological, academic, and
physical effects are 0.51, 0.83, and 1.75, respectively, with corresponding p-values of 0.72, 0.51,
and 0.44. In all cases, the p-values are above the commonly accepted significance level of 0.05,
indicating that there is no significant difference in sleeping patterns concerning these effects.
Therefore, we do not reject the null hypothesis (Ho) that there is no significant relationship
between the number of hours of sleep and the psychological, academic, and physical effects of
sleep deprivation.
Similarly, when examining the types of sleep (continuous vs. interrupted), the F-values
for psychological, academic, and physical effects are 2.39, 1.12, and 2.58, respectively, with
corresponding p-values of 0.12, 0.29, and 0.11. Once again, all p-values are greater than 0.05,
indicating that there is no significant relationship in sleeping patterns in relation to these effects.
Regarding napping habits and their relationship to psychological, academic, and physical
effects of sleep deprivation, the F-values for psychological, academic, and physical effects are
0.40, 1.07, and 0.19, respectively, with corresponding p-values of 0.52, 0.30, and 0.66. As with
the previous analyses, all p-values exceed 0.05, suggesting that there is no significant
relationship in napping habits concerning these effects. Consequently, we do not reject Ho for
academic, and physical effects, the F-values for psychological, academic, and physical effects
are 0.88, 1.02, and 0.78, respectively, with corresponding p-values of 0.48, 0.40, and 0.54. Just
like the previous analyses, all p-values are greater than 0.05, indicating that there is no
significant relationship in the number of minutes of nap concerning these effects. Therefore, Ho
According to Carskadon, M.A. and Wolfson A.R.’s study (2016) that assesses the
significant between sleep patterns, sleep quality, and school of performance of high school,
and/or college, that the findings strongly indicate that shortened total sleep time, erratic sleep or
wake schedules, late bed and rise times, and poor sleep quality are negatively significant with the
Significant difference between the academic performance of student nurses and effects of
sleep deprivation.
Table 4 Comparison between the academic performance of student nurses and effects of sleep
deprivation.
The table presents the results of a statistical analysis aimed at investigating the potential
relationship between sleep deprivation and different aspects of student nurses' well-being,
In the context of academic performance, the F-value is 1.53, and the associated p-value is
0.21. The decision based on these statistics is "Do not reject Ho," meaning that there is no
significant difference between the academic performance of student nurses and the effects of
sleep deprivation. This implies that, according to this analysis, sleep deprivation does not have a
significant impact on the academic performance of student nurses in this particular study.
Similarly, for psychological and physical effects of sleep deprivation, the F-values are
1.76 and 1.44, respectively, with associated p-values of 0.16 and 0.24. In both cases, the decision
is also "Do not reject Ho," indicating that there is no significant difference in psychological and
physical effects among student nurses concerning sleep deprivation. This suggests that, based on
this analysis, sleep deprivation does not appear to significantly affect the psychological or
Ghandi (2013) and Dotillos et al. (2015) did not find any association between sleep
deprivation and academic performance. Abraham and Scaria (2015) also reported that there is
insufficient evidence to make a judgment as to whether the sleep deprivation can have an impact
on the academic performance of students. Students who deprived themselves of sleep by sleeping
for 1–3 hours a night, especially during examination had higher examination scores than those
that sleep for 4–6 hours and 7–9 hours respectively; implying that the more a student deprived
his or herself from sleep to read, the better the academic performance.
Significant relationship between the effects of sleep deprivation and academic performance
of student nurses.
Table 5. Relationship between the effects of sleep deprivation and academic performance of
student nurses.
relationship between the effects of sleep deprivation and the academic performance of student
value of 0.26. Based on the standard significance level of 0.05, the p-value exceeds this
threshold. Consequently, the decision is to "Do not reject Ho," indicating that there is no
statistically significant association between the psychological effects of sleep deprivation and
academic performance among student nurses. This suggests that psychological factors resulting
from sleep deprivation do not appear to have a significant impact on their academic performance.
Similarly, the analysis explores the academic effects of sleep deprivation, revealing a chi-
square value of 3.98 and a p-value of 0.26. Once again, the p-value is greater than the typical
significance level of 0.05, leading to the decision to "Do not reject Ho." In this context, the
findings indicate that there is no statistically significant link between academic consequences of
sleep deprivation and the academic performance of student nurses. This suggests that sleep
deprivation's impact on the academic performance, as assessed in this study, is not statistically
significant.
Lastly, the analysis extends to the physical effects of sleep deprivation, with a chi-square
value of 4.42 and a corresponding p-value of 0.62. As with the previous variables, the p-value
surpasses the 0.05 significance threshold, leading to the decision to "Do not reject Ho." This
outcome suggests that there is no statistically significant association between the physical effects
of sleep deprivation and the academic performance of student nurses. Therefore, the physical
aspects resulting from sleep deprivation are not deemed statistically significant contributors to
sleeping patterns on the academic performance of medical students at King Edward Medical
University, Lahore. However, results do not confirm the hypothesis that any particular pattern
effects academic performance of medical students. There is no significance among our two
variables: sleeping pattern and academic performance, therefore we cannot predict with
confidence that student’s grades would be improved by adapting a particular sleeping pattern,
although the possibility is not excluded. As sleeping pattern is not related to academic
performance, we can explore other aspects in the routine of students that may have an effect, like
eating habits, exercise, mood and perceived stress. Poorer academic performance was related
significantly to reduction in night time sleep and later times of waking up in the morning,
however no such association was found in our research. Socioeconomic status also affects sleep
and academic performance. Sleep deprivation can cause attention deficits, daytime somnolence,
This chapter highlighted the conclusions and recommendations made during the study,
which was conducted to determine the effects of sleep deprivation on the academic performance
Summary of Findings
The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of sleep deprivation on the
academic performance of nursing students. The respondents of the research were 101 student
nurses from Level III of Isabela State University Campus- Ilagan Campus who are enrolled in
The majority of respondents are female with a percentage of 83.2. While 73.3
percent of respondents are under the age of 21. The majority of the students'
overall weighted averages varied from 1.51 to 2.00, which is in the mid-range
with a percentage of 54.5, and all of the responses are from BSN Level III.
with a percentage of 66.3. In terms of napping hours, the majority answered yes
Based on the data result, the results of the test show that there is no significant
Additionally, the results in the data show that the probability values of p are
greater than 0.05. This outcome suggests that the decision is to "Do not reject
Based on the data result, the statistical analysis does not provide evidence to
evident from the results that the p-values are greater than 0.05. Therefore, we do
Conclusion
The statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences in sleeping patterns,
types of sleep, napping habits, or the duration of naps concerning the psychological, academic,
and physical effects of sleep deprivation among student nurses. Furthermore, the study did not
academic, or physical, and the academic performance of student nurses. These findings indicate
that sleep deprivation, as assessed in this study, may not be a major determinant of academic
performance among this specific group of students. However, it is important to consider the
limitations of the study and the potential influence of other factors that were not examined in this
analysis.
Recommendation
Through the conclusions derived from the findings of this study, the following were
The College of Nursing. The researchers recommend making a flexible schedule and conducive
environment where every student nurse can learn and gain experiences without compromising
The Parents. The researchers recommend to monitor their child’s academic performance and
sleeping habits. The support system is paramount, especially for college students.
The Student Nurses. The researchers recommend creating a study plan, managing their time
Future Researchers. Future researchers may improve this study by researching the effectiveness
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