Dr.

Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

 Java AWT is an API that contains large number of classes and methods to
create and manage graphical user interface ( GUI ) applications.
 The AWT was designed to provide a common set of tools for GUI design
that could work on a variety of platforms.
 The tools provided by the AWT are implemented using each platform's
native GUI toolkit, hence preserving the look and feel of each platform.
 This is an advantage of using AWT. But the disadvantage of such an
approach is that GUI designed on one platform may look different when
displayed on another platform that means AWT component are platform
dependent.
 AWT is the foundation upon which Swing is made i.e Swing is an
improved GUI API that extends the AWT.

Java AWT Hierarchy

The hierarchy of Java AWT classes are given below, all the classes are available
in java.awt package.

Component class

Component class is at the top of AWT hierarchy.

It is an abstract class that encapsulates all the attributes of visual component.

A component object is responsible for remembering the current foreground and

background colors and the currently selected text font.

Container
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

 Container is a component in AWT that contains another component like

button, text field, tables etc. Container is a subclass of component class.
 Container class keeps track of components that are added to another
component.

Panel

Panel class is a concrete subclass of Container. Panel does not contain title bar,
menu bar or border. It is container that is used for holding components.

Window class

Window class creates a top level window. Window does not have borders and
menubar.

Frame

 Frame is a subclass of Window and have resizing canvas.

 It is a container that contain several different components like button, title
bar, textfield, label etc.
 In Java, most of the AWT applications are created using Frame window.
Frame class has two different constructors,

Creating a Frame

There are two ways to create a Frame. They are,

1. By Instantiating Frame class

2. By extending Frame class

Creating Frame Window by Instantiating Frame class

 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS
import java.awt.*;
public class Testawt
{
Testawt()
{
Frame fm=new Frame(); //Creating a frame
Label lb = new Label("welcome to java graphics"); //Creating a label
fm.add(lb); //adding label to the frame
fm.setSize(300, 300); //setting frame size.
fm.setVisible(true); //set frame visibilty true
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Testawt ta = new Testawt();
}
}
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

Creating Frame window by extending Frame class

package testawt;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class Testawt extends Frame
{
public Testawt()
{
Button btn=new Button("Hello World");
add(btn); //adding a new Button.
setSize(400, 500); //setting size.
setTitle("DIT"); //setting title.
setLayout(new FlowLayout()); //set default layout for frame.
setVisible(true); //set frame visibilty true.
}

public static void main (String[] args)

{

Testawt ta = new Testawt(); //creating a frame.

}
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

Points to Remember:

1. While creating a frame (either by instantiating or extending Frame class),

Following two attributes are must for visibility of the frame:
o setSize(int width, int height);
o setVisible(true);
2. When you create other components like Buttons, TextFields, etc. Then
you need to add it to the frame by using the method - add(Component's
Object);
3. You can add the following method also for resizing the frame
- setResizable(true);

AWT Button

 In Java, AWT contains a Button Class. It is used for creating a labelled

button which can perform an action.
 AWT Button Classs Declaration:

public class Button extends Component implements Accessible

 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

Example:

Lets take an example to create a button and it to the frame by providing

coordinates.

import java.awt.*;
public class ButtonDemo1
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Frame f1=new Frame("DIT ==> Button Demo");
Button b1=new Button("Press Here");
b1.setBounds(80,200,80,50);
f1.add(b1);
f1.setSize(500,500);
f1.setLayout(null);
f1.setVisible(true);
}
}
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

AWT Label

 In Java, AWT contains a Label Class.

 It is used for placing text in a container.
 Only Single line text is allowed and the text can not be changed directly.

Label Declaration:

public class Label extends Component implements Accessible

Example:

In this example, we are creating two labels to display text to the frame.

import java.awt.*;
class LabelDemo1{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Frame l_Frame= new Frame("DIT==> Label Demo");
Label lab1,lab2;
lab1=new Label("Welcome to DIT");
lab1.setBounds(50,50,200,30);
lab2=new Label("This Tutorial is of Java");
lab2.setBounds(50,100,200,30);
l_Frame.add(lab1);
l_Frame.add(lab2);
l_Frame.setSize(500,500);
l_Frame.setLayout(null);
l_Frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

AWT TextField

 In Java, AWT contains a TextField Class.

 It is used for displaying single line text.

TextField Declaration:

public class TextField extends TextComponent

Example:

We are creating two textfields to display single line text string. This text is
editable in nature, see the below example.
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

import java.awt.*;
class TextFieldDemo1{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Frame TextF_f= new Frame("DIT ==>TextField");
TextField text1,text2;
text1=new TextField("Welcome to DIT");
text1.setBounds(60,100, 230,40);
text2=new TextField("This tutorial is of Java");
text2.setBounds(60,150, 230,40);
TextF_f.add(text1);
TextF_f.add(text2);
TextF_f.setSize(500,500);
TextF_f.setLayout(null);
TextF_f.setVisible(true);
}
}

AWT TextArea

In Java, AWT contains a TextArea Class. It is used for displaying multiple-line

text.

TextArea Declaration:

public class TextArea extends TextComponent

Example:

In this example, we are creating a TextArea that is used to display multiple-line

text string and allows text editing as well.
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

import java.awt.*;
public class TextAreaDemo1
{
TextAreaDemo1()
{
Frame textArea_f= new Frame();
TextArea area=new TextArea("Welcome to DIT");
area.setBounds(30,40, 200,200);
textArea_f.add(area);
textArea_f.setSize(300,300);
textArea_f.setLayout(null);
textArea_f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new TextAreaDemo1();
}
}

AWT Checkbox

 In Java, AWT contains a Checkbox Class.

 It is used when we want to select only one option i.e true or false.
 When the checkbox is checked then its state is "on" (true) else it is
"off"(false).

Checkbox Syntax

public class Checkbox extends Component implements ItemSelectable,

Accessible
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

Example:

In this example, we are creating checkbox that are used to get user input. If
checkbox is checked it returns true else returns false.

import java.awt.*;
public class CheckboxDemo1
{
CheckboxDemo1(){
Frame checkB_f= new Frame("DIT ==>Checkbox Example");
Checkbox ckbox1 = new Checkbox("Yes", true);
ckbox1.setBounds(100,100, 60,60);
Checkbox ckbox2 = new Checkbox("No");
ckbox2.setBounds(100,150, 60,60);
checkB_f.add(ckbox1);
checkB_f.add(ckbox2);
checkB_f.setSize(400,400);
checkB_f.setLayout(null);
checkB_f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new CheckboxDemo1();
}
}

AWT CheckboxGroup

 In Java, AWT contains a CheckboxGroup Class.

 It is used to group a set of Checkbox.
 When Checkboxes are grouped then only one box can be checked at a
time.

CheckboxGroup Declaration:

public class CheckboxGroup extends Object implements Serializable

 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

Example:

This example creates a checkboxgroup that is used to group multiple checkbox

in a single unit.

It is helpful when we have to select single choice among the multiples.

import java.awt.*;
public class CheckboxGroupDemo
{
CheckboxGroupDemo(){
Frame ck_groupf= new Frame("DIT ==>CheckboxGroup");
CheckboxGroupobj = new CheckboxGroup();
Checkbox ckBox1 = new Checkbox("Yes", obj, true);
ckBox1.setBounds(100,100, 50,50);
Checkbox ckBox2 = new Checkbox("No", obj, false);
ckBox2.setBounds(100,150, 50,50);
ck_groupf.add(ckBox1);
ck_groupf.add(ckBox2);
ck_groupf.setSize(400,400);
ck_groupf.setLayout(null);
ck_groupf.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new CheckboxGroupDemo();
}
}
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

AWT Choice

In Java, AWT contains a Choice Class. It is used for creating a drop-down menu
of choices. When a user selects a particular item from the drop-down then it is
shown on the top of the menu.

Choice Declaration:

public class Choice extends Component implements ItemSelectable, Accessible

Example:

In this example, we are creating drop-down menu that is used to get user choice
from multiple choices.
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

import java.awt.*;
public class ChoiceDemo
{
ChoiceDemo()
{
Frame choice_f= new Frame();
Choice obj=new Choice();
obj.setBounds(80,80, 100,100);
obj.add("Red");
obj.add("Blue");
obj.add("Black");
obj.add("Pink");
obj.add("White");
obj.add("Green");
choice_f.add(obj);
choice_f.setSize(400,400);
choice_f.setLayout(null);
choice_f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new ChoiceDemo();
}
}

AWT List
In Java, AWT contains a List Class. It is used to represent a list of items
together. One or more than one item can be selected from the list.

List Declaration:
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

public class List extends Component implements ItemSelectable, Accessible

Example: In this example, we are creating a list that is used to list out the items.

import java.awt.*;
public class ListDemo
{
ListDemo()
{
Frame list_f= new Frame();
List obj=new List(6);
obj.setBounds(80,80, 100,100);
obj.add("Red");
obj.add("Blue");
obj.add("Black");
obj.add("Pink");
obj.add("White");
obj.add("Green");
list_f.add(obj);
list_f.setSize(400,400);
list_f.setLayout(null);
list_f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new ListDemo();
} }

AWT Canvas

In Java, AWT contains a Canvas Class. A blank rectangular area is provided. It

is used when a user wants to draw on the screen.

Declaration:

public class Canvas extends Component implements Accessible

Example:
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS

The canvas is used to provide a place to draw using mouse pointer. We can used
it to get user architectural user input.

import java.awt.*;
public class CanvasDemo1
{
public CanvasDemo1()
{
Frame canvas_f= new Frame("DIT ==> Canvas");
canvas_f.add(new CanvasDemo());
canvas_f.setLayout(null);
canvas_f.setSize(500, 500);
canvas_f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new CanvasDemo1();
}
}
class CanvasDemo extends Canvas
{
public CanvasDemo() {
setBackground (Color.WHITE);
setSize(300, 200);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillOval(80, 80, 150, 75);
}
}
 Dr. Bharti Sharma
JAVA AWT : ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKITS