Algebra 1

TableofContents
Unit 1 Algebra Basics pgs 2 5

Unit 2 Multi Step Equations and Inequalities

pgs 6 13

Unit 3 Relations andFunctions pass 14 19

Unit 4 Linear Equations Pgs 20 29

Unit 5 systems of Equations and Inequalities pgs30347
Unit 6 Exponents and ExponentialFunctions Pgs35 38

Unit 7 Polynomials and Factoring pgs 39 45

Unit 8 Quadratics and Radicals Pgs 46 53

 Wittiness
r Most

ai.is
Broad

Tanor
oec.IT it i
Ten repegI
n ane.am
orrepeat
Ex o 2 1k 1,0 E 1 co

Intege
2 1,0 1.2.3
WholeNumbers zero
0 1 2,3
Least na chosen
Broad

1
5
5614
t.EE
7
 I

6 1 6

if 6 24 then
3.13 0
I i

fifteen
Absolutevate
AbsoluteValue a value's distance
from zero on a number line
Ex 1 131 13 Note Absolute
Valuesigns fall under
17151 715 the P in PEM DAS
I 561 56 when using order of
operations
A.bg
Made up of
I s ti
numbers andvariables
atnematicairnrase
5 4 17
Substitution Property If a b then a andb canbe
replaced with any value in an expression

Parts of Expressions

Constant a number ex 4
Coefficent T a number multiplied
by a variable ex
Sx
Variable a letter used as a placeholder
for any number

Combining Like Terms

Ex
By092 40 1740

Equations
One Two Step Equations to eliminate
a fraction muttir
Ex
TEanationy
a
I
Edwige
by its reciprocal
SolvingtGraphingInequalities

Solve an inequality same way you solve How to

Graph an
an equation
Inequality line
Make sure that variable is on left 1
side 3 x Simplifytheinequality
x 3 ex 2x
221
Flipthe sign when you multiply
by a negative divide E
2 Plota pointonthenumb
Ex 4
13 33 line
so2810 t doto
48
3 Draw a linefromthepo
dependingonthe
sign

to 28 lo o É doso
 Unitz Multi Step
Equations and Inequalities

Solving Multi Step Equations

if variables on
Steps
1 Simplify tenbefdetomoggy
2 Combine Like
3 Solve
No Solutions
E 872 1 46 116 Infinitesoultions
166 8 46 116 No Solution
42717
126
1 7 4
8 2
2
8
4 2

big 01 on

Infinate Solutions
5 9 37737 8
5 9x 3 9 8
s
574
50
5 A
AlgebraicPorportions

Steps to solve
1 Cross Multiply

2 Distribute t Combine Liketerms

3 Solve

EX
3 Gf
3 1 2 3
3a 3 6
24
a

AbsoluteValueequations
Absolute ValueEquations
equations that have
bsolute Value bars Il
Steps to Solve
1Splitthe equation apart
2 Negate the right sideof the equation
3 Solvefor both equations
4 Write answer in a solution set
Example
 LI MP
to h 51 3 83
3
ht 51
go
1h 51 8

h
784,8 8
I
h 3 h 13

h 13

Literal Equations
Literal Equation an equation with multiple
variables often formulas

EX
solve for r
3 formula of volume
V Fr r of a sphere

34 V 3fr r

Ev
rf
 3

If
ri

Word Problems
3 instances you can use basic
equations for word problems
Finding 2 numbers
Perimeter of a restangle
Consecutive
s

Exs
1
The larger of 2 numbers is seven less than
threetimesthe smaller numb If thesum of the
numbers is 61 find the numbers
N Small
3N 7 large
4N
32 7 61
II
Iman 17 44
044
In E17
n
2
The length of a rectangle is sixteen M
five times the width If theperimeterof the rectangle is 88
ft find its dimensions
51127 6 66
width w Swt btw 88
length guy16 6w
81 7 88 Ft W

Rft 84 4
length 66ft 5W 16
We 12

3 The sum
of two consecutive numbers is
Find the numbers
number X 7 7 1 123

Number xx
2
1 13
61 1 62

number 61
Y B2
X 61
humberz
Interval Notation
Interval Notation way of writing an answer
o an inequality

Symbols Used
are used when thereis an opencircle or infinity negative
infinity symbol
are used when there is a closed circle

Ex x
x O

Ft i i i i ohh

It i i i.io 5
IN 2 a
IN O 2
CompondIneaualities

Compound Inequalities 7 It inequalities joined by and

or or

i i

6 5 x
If and X
or

Htt 181465 bd.FI

Ab t
Absoluteval inequalities ARE compound inequalities

2 or
THE SIGN
FLIP7ÉdÉ
Is AND

EX t uN
 j

31 6 12 81210
1

x
s
A
43 1 Y 2
1811
z
248

na
steep
Unit3 pe
ationsandFunction CoordinatePlane

Coordinate Plane Plane divided by 2 axies x and y

and used to graph points
Ordered Pairs T notation for representing a point on a
coordinate plane
fy axis EX
Quadrant Quadrant

C t It
B 4 4

Quadrant

1
Quadrant

t
I D B
D 0 4
a graph with distinct a graph with ordered Pairs
connected by lines curves
DiscreteGraphcontinrarh
ordered pairs
Y YzX 2 seeunit4

DomainandRanget
Domain the range of X values in a graph
Range the range of y values in a graph

IX
Domain allreal s to O Domain 4s x s
Range ye 4 Range 4s ye
Relationsus.Functions
Relation any set of ordered pairs
Function a special set of ordered pairs where each x value input

reducesonly one output Y value

Ext Y
X
x Y

I 3 Function
0 5
12 92
Not a function

Vertical Line tests if a vertical line intersects

a function morethan 1 time its not a function
A
Ex
t

j t
am

Function Not Fiction Funitio

EquationsasFunction tunctions
can be represented as an equation
FUNCTION

dependant
ndgrgda.net
variable

Ix x y Y 2x 3

2107 3 3
O 3
211 3 5
I 2 2 3 7

Junction Notation

Equations that are functions can be written

in function notation
y f x

AKA f of x equals
ox is input and fx is output
ofcan be any letter

Ix Fx Ex 5 514
1141 5 7 14,710
Zeros of a Function

Zeros the solutions of a function

Represented graphically as the points the graph
intersects the x axis
Represented
algebraically as X value thatmakes the
output f x D
AKA
Roots
X Intercepts
Solution

Ex fix 3 3

f x Ix E
EX
x

x
Arithmeticseauence

Arithmetic Sequences a series of numbers that are

operated
by a common difference

Common Differences difference between two terms

Formula
an din 1 a OR fln din 1 flt
d common difference
N any term in the sequence
91 f 1 first term inthe sequence

Ix Find the 19th term in the sequence

7,13 19,25
I
d 6 Ai 6119 1 7
N 19
91 7 99 6118 7
Aia 108 7

1150
9
Unit 4 Linear Equations

Rateofchange
Rate of Change ratio that shows how I variable
changes in relation to another

Slope ratio of vertical change to horizontal change between

no points

i
Constant change
t

Mo variable

Types of Slope
Positive Negative Zero Undefined
 I

it ey
intercept

Ey
84 I

xo 4
Stop

Slopformula
Slope Formulas formula used to find the slope
between two points X1 Y and x Y

Ya Y
M
Xz z

Ix 5.6J and F 37

m
SlopeInterceptform
Y Mx B
M slope
D y intercept

Ix

Z
j
g

Ex
Steps to Graph 10.3

1 Plot the y intercept O b

2 Useslope tocreate morepoints 4,8 i

3 Connect points with a line 1

with arrows on both ends
Standard Form

AxtByIT

Convert standard form to slope int

form to graph

Ex 4y 36
21
36
221
Ex 9

YEI
 ad Intercepts
X Intercepts point where line crosses the x ax
Y Intercepts point where line crosses the y ax

To find intercepts using algebra

Ind x int Sub O for 4 thensolvefor x

Find y int Sub O for X thensolvefor y

Ex
4 5 13

Lint
510 13 y 0 5
114
0 13 x int 2.6
Y 713
13 5,4
4
X 2.6
VerticalandHorizontallines
Vertical Lines t written in form x a where a
s x int

Lines t written in form where b

storiggtal y b
Ex

x
D 30
4

Point slopeform

Used to find slope

I
Y Yz

0 9
x.TT mtx

slope
intercept form whengiven
I point and the slope
4

y 9 4ft
4 4
4 29
4 90
4
Writing Linear Equations
whenGivon2Point pick
any point for
When given two points Point slope
no slope form
Use both

i
6 7 and 354
y 4 5 3

TIF 3
HEE
m t 32
4 5
 Parallel and

Perpendicularlines

Parallel1 Lines lines that don't cross be

hey're equidistant

slope of both lines is same

y int is different

Perpendicular Lines lines that make a right

angle
Slope is opposite and reciprocals

Ex

35 5 I

Perpendicular
lines
WordProblemst
4 types of word problems

slope Intercept Form y mxtb

startingintake 35
2916735 rate stope 29
174 35 209
4 29 35
2090

I Standard Form ax by c

1191
74 1.5 44 5050
1.5 411000 5050
1.5
18801888 Whildred y
so

3 Point Slope y y mix xp clammyfeet

slope 5 57712
4 210
Point 12240
4121 572
installationfepes 4 5 150
4 Two Points

Slope 2000
After8 years B 15 00 000 1800 a
go Y 11000 2000755
thecaris worth 5,11 0 g
5,000
gy ye 2000187 21.000 YM8 2000 10000

4 5000 y zoo ooo

 Units Systems of Equations
and Inequalities

III.tn
I1gtuations 22 equations that
same variables have the

pi.R t.in
Mention
1t t
intersect

Types of Solutions sameline

1 Solution ConsistantIndependant No Solution InfiniteSolutions

Inconsistent ConsistentDependant
 emsBxGraphing
ffg.sn
1 Convert to slope int form
2 Graph the lines

3 Identify solution s

Ex
Gye
3
24 3121
4 2 9

2,6
SolvingSystems by Substitution
Steps
1 Set variable equal to one equation
a
2 Sub expression
into other equation
3 Solve for 1 Variable
4 Plug the known variableintoeitherequation and solve
for second variable

Ix x 54 4 37 47 14 1 5651
3 154 4 142 1
x 4
142 1 25 4
X
Y
XXIII I x 21
x Sy 4 3
4 5 T
solution C21

nssstemsbElimination
1
Line upequations
EYE Edt
Add Subtract equations toeliminate 6 84 12
a coefficent may needto multiply 7
3 Solve for remaining variable
she
gl
variableintoethereauationand
4 Plugthe known 31 2 44 6
forsecond variable 47

91 solution
SystemsoflinearIneaualities
LinearInequality t equation with inequality symbols
Solution s all points that make inequality true

2x 34 15 EX
LT
2 5 gypsy
WA
212 315 15

M
54 MMMMM.io i
4 15 15 4 II
41 15
TRUE YC4 7

steps to Graph
Write in slope int form
2 Graph line
Dashedlinefor or
Solid line for f or
3 Shade
Below linefor or I
Aboveline for or 2
Word Problems

Equation Systems
Ext

x multipechoice 2 5 387 100 It 3 38

Y wordproblems 2 5 190 100
4 30 38
2713 38 IYY.IE 4 8
Emmitt I

Inequality systems
Unit Exponents
6 and Exponential
Functions

ExponentRules
Name Rule Example
902 4 sp
Adding
Subtracting III hint
DON'TCHANGE VARIABLES
1642 4 42 20 42

622.423 2425
Product xa xb xatb
Rule
847 64 12
Power Rule XP ya
b

2
725
Ya 4
b
Quotient Rule ya
63 4
Negative Exponent ya Ia 6,31
Rule
Zero 80050 1
Exponent yo I
Rule
Monomials
monomials number a variable or a coefficent

MONOMIAL RU IES
Adding Subtracting
Combine like terms
Don'tchange variables
or exponents

EX 3 y 9
92 44 7y
multiplying
tb
Power rule x xb ya

EY Sid loads
80id
Dividing
b
Quotient Rule
In ya

EX 4ns
In
try
Exponentialfunctions
Equation f x a BIK
If b t then there is increasing
exponential growth
If Oc be l then there is decreasing
exponential decay

Asymptote y line the graph approaches but never

touches

Ex

x
2
5
13 42
4 y
13 L O
all reals

I a 4
0,5
Iffy 4 4 4
 to_ a
r
starting wa
growth rate
flt a y ye t time

EX
flt 0.06
tuitioncostssis.FI
ft
199,412000 1.0674

Eigg t
a
re
startingual
decay rate
flt a I r t time

Ex

f f 820011 0.04

Kanto
theinvestment
ft 820010.9819
t 82000.83
flt 6806
Unit 7 Polynomials and Factoring

ptinameminomials held together with

or signs

Standard Form Alphabetical and descending exponen

order

IN 3 1 2
2
2
1
2
3 1
6b Lab 14a'b 76 792 14 abt Zab 662

Degrees sum of exponents on a monomial

Degree of Terms
0 CONSTANT I MONOMIAL
1 LINEAR 2 BINOMIAL
2 QUADRATIC 3 TRINOMIAL
3 CUBIC 4T POLYNOMIAL
4 QUARTIC
2
Ex X 7 20 15
CUBIC POLYNOMIAL
 Polnomiais

1 19iq d.mSubtraeting
Distribute sign to 2nd term

3
Ex
2
7 76 7 4 16 12

IT E I 4 3
III
1
124
24176 1
8 34 2y 13 Sx
8 34 XX 13
I I I
3
10 5
MultiplyingPolynomial
monomial x Polynomials
Distribute monomial into
Polynomial
Use power rule

2
EX 2 4
6 7 13

ee
42t 14x5_2
I
Binomial x Binomial Y
for Binomial xTrinomial Binomial x
Polynomial distribute all terms of binomial
no trinomial Polynomial

Use FOIL First out Inner

g
III 203 28 16u 3v2 3v 2
x2 2x 10x 20
2471
23 8 19
202
2
12
 amonomiat
9YYY.ge 1Iomialb
EY

4id 6

ÉtÉfi undoing multiplication of polynomials

Steps to Factor by GCF

1 Identify GCF variable coefficient or constant
2 Divide each term by GCF
3 Checkby distributing

3a2b2c gab Ct 15ab a

3 ab c fac Bab t 5622

3abtactstt
3abel
 Check for
Degree is an even x2 x4 x
Subtraction sign
Twoterms inform of a b or Ca b or a b

2 Use followingrule
at b at b at b

3 Check work by distributing

Ix 36p3 Gp
9 4p2 1
9 2PthI2

T.is
hat
iiii on when a I
mmatwn
Add to b
Multiply to C
Y 2
2
2
8 24
End
5
21 4 12
21 671
20
actoring by Grouping
Use onlyfor 4 termPolynomials

1 Groupfirstterms
together 43 7 442 14

ÉÉj
2 Factorout GIF
iii
from each piece x xt
iii

Group together GIFs

and bring down oneof

Distribute and
check
XIII
43 7 72 14
FactoringTrinomials when a 1

Steps Example 22 5 3
2 2 5 3
1 Multiply a and
6
C

2 Find factors of a c 2 2
5 3
thad add to b
MY

3 Split bintothe 2factors 2 2 3

273
4 Factor bygrouping 2 734 2 3
x 2 3 2 3

x 1 12X

Dgidingapolynomialbyabinomi l
Factor numerator and denominator
2 Cancel out common factors
3 Remain factor is answer

EY a se's
Miggy
amiss
m
 Unit 8 Quadratics

Graphing from Standard Form

Standard Form ax't bx t c

Graph of a quadratic is a parabola

if a is positive upgraph O
if a is negative downgraph A
Axis of Symmetry line that cuts parabola into 2 equalhalves
Formula
x

Ver text turning point x y of parabola

ifvertexatthelowest point itstheminimum
ifvertexatthe highestpoint itsthe maximum
Steps to Graph Ex
1 Findaxis ofsymmetry a b a
4 1 54
2 Findvertex by plugging in axisof a if
symmetry into all x's x 4
0
F MMM
1 17
41
3 usestepmethod
allreal
1114
111,35 4 3s
41 Plotpoints andconnect
a line
 at ax of standardfrm
h axis ofsymmetryFaisal's9118 form
fertex k
y intercept

runsformationsstymyfunctiong
h is horizontalshift t shiftsleft shiftsright
k is vertical shift shiftsup shiftsdown
f a is negative functionfaces DOWN
a I represents a stretch narrower

Oc act represents a shrink wider

Ex
function
parent

FEIG g Shiftleftby
Shiftdownby6

QuadraticRooty
Roots x values that make the quadraticedual O
AKA
solutions
zeros
x ints

of Solutions a
A
2 Solutions 1 Solution 0 Solutions
Ext
I 3
39487
0

X 3

he Discriminate formula to determine

ofsolutions
solutions
it d so thereare 2
b if d l thereis I solution
if d o there are no solutions
EX
y X 3 10
a I
b 3
10 32 4 1 10

9 40
36 Osolution
SolvingQuadraticsbyfactoringl solving
finding solutions of
quadratic algebraically

Steps Ex x2 45 44
1 Set quadratic O
2 Factorleftside 4 45
x 0
3 Seteachfactor O and
add 4 x 9 x 5 0
solve for x
multiply y
4 Put answer in curly X
brackets 911 I XISEI
x S
x 9

5.936
4 4

SolvingQuadraticsbyfactoringed
Steps Ex 5 2
8 3 0
1 Multiply a
73
c
5 2
8 0 7step 1
2 Findfactors of
a c that addtob
3 Split bintofactors
ma I 7Step2
2 3
4 Groupfirst2terms 5 3 07Step
3 5
and last 2terms 5 2 3x 5 3 0 Stef
5 FindGCFofbinomials
X 5 3 115 3 Ofsteps
6 Onebinomial is brought
downandanotherbinomial X 1 5 3 0 step6
ismadefromGC's X 1 0 5 3 07Step7
7 Set O
8 Solvefor x
a writeanswerin 3 HIF 9574 Jsters
y43,13 sterg
Sim
1Radicals
Parts of
ftRadical
n
Radical Radicand

if no index shown the index is 2

PerfectSquares Perfect Cubes Steps to Simply

non Perfect Square
12 1 13 I
Roots
22 4 23 8 samemethodfor cube

5
42 16
a 3
43 64
and i
havethe largest possible squareroot
2 Breaktheradicalinto eachfactor
52 25 5 125 3 Simplifytheperfectsquare and
62 36 63 216 bring downothersquare root
PPerfectsquare
72 49 73
4 Write as pfp
343 mingy greed

8 64 8 512 Ex Fso
92 81 93 729 525 5518
102 100 103 1000 SAFE
15352
IT 121 113 1331

12 144 123 1728 ISD

WingQuadratiabygareroots
e
Only use with
quadratics with no bx

Squarerootbothsides aX
L
5 2,513 EX x'Eff
49
2 FET
5
43 x

Fear
X 13
X E3

sengbycompletingthsauri
Ex x 4
75471
ftp t bx c
74
x'taxes
X 4 4 9
2 Divide b by 2 square b then FAM
x
3 Factor trinomial 2 13

x 5
EX x
843
x2 6 721
13
X2 Gx 1
4 39 X 6 9 8
3138
IF
x

X IF

Emyygtigti.mu
sin standard form and D Ex12x47xEaIR
2 2 78 09 0
x EF X
Effie
Ex 4 2
7
72
x
EEE
I
4 3 2
0
É
X 1t
X
I
4.5.13
IF
x 7
 oh
t
i IÉ and easy
mg
Square Roots No b term ax't c o
Completing the Squares a l and b is even

Quadraticformulateverythingely

THE
END