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Function Generator - Lecture

The document discusses a function generator, which is a device that generates different types of electronic signals including sine, square, triangle and other waveforms. It can adjust properties of the signal like frequency, amplitude, duty cycle and waveform type. It describes the components and circuits used in function generators as well as how to operate a lab function generator including selecting waveforms, adjusting parameters, sweeping and modulating waveforms.

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ananyautkarsh140904
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18 views

Function Generator - Lecture

The document discusses a function generator, which is a device that generates different types of electronic signals including sine, square, triangle and other waveforms. It can adjust properties of the signal like frequency, amplitude, duty cycle and waveform type. It describes the components and circuits used in function generators as well as how to operate a lab function generator including selecting waveforms, adjusting parameters, sweeping and modulating waveforms.

Uploaded by

ananyautkarsh140904
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Function Generator

Electronics Engineering Work Practices (ECE101)


Introduction
A function generator is one of the most useful devices in the electronic domain. In
modern-day, electrical terminology, troubleshooting and analysis needs multiple
controllable signals to simulate the normal functionality. This requirement is easily
resolved by a function generator where they can provide various kinds of signals.

A function generator is generally termed as a signal generator that gives multiple


kinds of output waveforms (sine, square, sawtooth, and others) based on the input
signal. The device also provides the option of adjusting frequency ranges between a
few Hz to some 100KHz.

This instrument not only varies the characteristics of the waveform but also has the
capability to add a dc offset to the signal. Mostly these are only able to operate at low
frequency but some costly models can also be operated at the higher frequency.
Introduction

A frequency controlling network is used where is


frequency is regulated by the change in the
current’s magnitude level.

An integrator is used where this is driven by


two current sources represented as current
source ‘A’ and current source ‘B’ and both these
current sources are controlled by the frequency
regulated voltage. The output of the integrator
is a triangular waveform.

A voltage comparator, and multi-vibrator device


is used to generate square waveform from
output amplifier 1.

The resistance diode network employed in the


circuit changes the slope of that triangular wave
and provides a sinusoidal waveform from the
output amplifier 2.
Function Generator ICs

The ICL8038 waveform generator is a monolithic integrated


circuit capable of producing high accuracy sine, square,
triangular, sawtooth and pulse waveforms with a minimum of
external components.

Pin Diagram Functional Diagram


Controlling Aspects
DC offset value: This helps in varying the signal voltage corresponding to ground level components.

Frequency: The frequency control in the function generator varies the basic frequency level where the
wave repeats, and this is not dependent on the type of waveform.

Duty cycle: This controlling option alters the high and low voltage ratio timings in the sine wave which
means altering the square wave having a 1:1 duty cycle to another type of waveforms such as
triangles having the same level of rising and fall timings.

Selection of waveform: This controlling option allows to a selection of various types of fundamental
waveforms which are sine, triangular and square waveforms.

Triggering input: This is the input terminal used for counting the frequency.

Adjustment knob: This control sets the parameter chosen by other buttons in the device.

Adjustment for amplitude-offset: This is the knob that helps in adjusting either the DC offset voltage
or amplitude level of the signal.
Lab Function Generator
AFG1022 Arbitrary/Function Generator
Front panel overview
Front panel overview
Parts of the screen interface
Select run mode
Push the Mod panel button, and then press one of the four Run Mode bezel
buttons to select the instrument signal output method. Modulation, sweeping,
and burst modes are only available in Ch1.
Select run mode
Push the Mod panel button, and then press one of the four Run Mode bezel
buttons to select the instrument signal output method. Modulation, sweeping
(Commonly used to test frequency response of filter circuits), and burst modes
(after trigger received output appears for specific number of cycles) are only
available in Ch1.
Adjust waveform parameters
When you turn on your instrument, the default output signal is a 1 kHz sine
waveform with an amplitude of 1 Vp-p. In the following example, you can change
the frequency and amplitude of the original output signal.
Adjust waveform parameters
When you turn on your instrument, the default output signal is a 1 kHz sine
waveform with an amplitude of 1 Vp-p. In the following example, you can change
the frequency and amplitude of the original output signal.
Operating basics
Quick tutorial: How to select a waveform and adjust parameters

1. Push the power button to turn on the instrument.


2. Connect the Channel Output of the instrument to an oscilloscope input with
a BNC cable.
3. Select a waveform.
4. Enable the signal output.
5. Observe the waveform displayed on the oscilloscope screen.
6. Use the front-panel shortcut buttons or bezel buttons on the instrument to
select a waveform parameter.
7. Select Frequency as the parameter to be changed.
8. Change the frequency value using the numeric keypad.
9. Change the waveform parameters using the general purpose knob and the
arrow keypad.
Operating basics
Quick tutorial: How to generate a sine waveform
Operating basics
Quick tutorial: How to generate a sine waveform
Operating basics
Quick tutorial: Instrument help system
Operating basics
Generate a pulse waveform
Operating basics
Generate a built-in waveform
Operating basics
Sweep a waveform

✓ The Sweep outputs a waveform with the output signal frequency varying linearly
or logarithmically with constant amplitude.
• Start frequency
• Stop frequency
• Sweep time
• Center frequency
• Frequency span
Operating basics
Sweep a waveform
Operating basics
Sweep a waveform
Operating basics
Sweep a waveform

Note:
If a start frequency is lower than a stop frequency, the instrument sweeps from the low frequency to the high frequency.
If a start frequency is higher than a stop frequency, the instrument sweeps from the high frequency to the low frequency.
Once the sweep is selected, the frequency is swept from the sweep start to the sweep stop frequencies.
Operating basics
Modulate a waveform

Modulation is defined as the process of superimposing a low-frequency signal on a high-


frequency carrier signal. Or, The process of varying the RF carrier wave in accordance with the
information in a low-frequency signal.
There are three types of modulation, namely:
• Frequency Modulation
• Amplitude Modulation
• Phase Modulation
To output an AM waveform
Operating basics
Modulate a waveform
To output an AM waveform
Operating basics
Modulate a waveform
To output an AM waveform

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