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Machine Learnning

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Rishu Jaiswal 5-Year IDD Civil Engineering
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39 views17 pages

Machine Learnning

Uploaded by

Rishu Jaiswal 5-Year IDD Civil Engineering
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By:

Rishu Jaiswal
20064021
What is Machine Learning?
Machine Learning is a concept that allows the machine to learn from examples
and experience, and that too without being explicitly programmed. So instead of
you writing the code, what you do is you feed data to the generic algorithm, and
the algorithm/machine builds the logic based on the given data.

Machine Learning algorithms are an evolution of normal algorithms. They make


your programs “smarter”, by allowing them to automatically learn from the data
you provide. The algorithm is mainly divided into:

Training Phase
Testing Phase
Biggest Confusion AI vs
ML vs Deep Learning
Artificial Intelligence:
Artificial Intelligence is the broader
concept of machines being able to
carry out tasks in a smarter way. It
covers anything which enables
computers to behave like humans.

AI can simply be considered a superset


and it refers to a generic term most of
the time. From the Robot Sophia,
chatbots we interact with, face
recognition features in mobile phones
to even self-driving cars; everything
comes under this big umbrella called AI.
Machine Learning:
Machine Learning is a subset of AI and is based
on the
Applications of Machine
idea that machines should be given
Learning
access to data, and should be left to learn and
explore for themselves. It deals with the
extraction of patterns from large data sets.

Deep Learning:
Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning
where similar Machine Learning Algorithms are
used to train Deep Neural Networks so as to
achieve better accuracy in those cases where
former was not performing up to the mark.
Applications of Machine Learning
Healthcare: Predicting patient diagnostics for doctors to review
Social Network: Predicting certain match preferences on a
dating website for better compatibility
Finance: Predicting fraudulent activity on a credit card
E-commerce: Predicting customer churn
Biology: Finding patterns in gene mutations that could represent
cancer
Types of Machine Learning
Supervised learning: The machine learns from labeled data.
Normally, the data is labeled by humans.

Unsupervised learning: The machine learns from un-labeled data.


Meaning, there is no “right” answer given to the machine to learn, but
the machine must hopefully find patterns from the data to come up
with an answer.

Reinforcement learning: The machine learns through a reward-based


system.
1.Supervised Machine Learning
Supervised learning is the most common and studied type of learning because it
is easier to train a machine to learn with labeled data than with un-labeled data.
Depending on what you want to predict, supervised learning can used to solve
two types of problems: regression or classification.

Let’s see the mathematical definition of Supervised Learning.


Supervised learning is the one where you have input variables (x) and an output
variable (Y) and you use an algorithm to learn the mapping function from the input to
the output. it,
Y = f(X)
The goal is to approximate the mapping function so well that whenever you get some
new input data (x), the machine can easily predict the output variables (Y) for that
data.
Regression Problem:
If you want to predict continuous values, such as trying to predict the cost of
Applications of Machine Learning
a house or the weather outside in degrees, you would use regression. This
type of problem doesn’t have a specific value constraint because the value
could be any number with no limits.

Classification Problem:
If you’re interested in a problem like: “Am I ugly?” then this is a
classification problem because you’re trying to classify the answer into two
specific categories: yes or no (in this case the answer is yes to the question
above). This is also called a, binary classification problem.
Unsupervised Machine Learning
Since there is no labeled data for machines to learn from, the goal for unsupervised
machine learning is to detect patterns in the data and to group them. Unsupervised
learning are machines trying to learn “on their own”, without help. Imagine someone
throwing you piles of data and says “Here you go boy, find some patterns and group
them out for me. Thanks and have fun.”

Depending on what you want to group together, unsupervised learning can group
data together by: clustering or association.

Mathematically, Unsupervised learning is where you only have input data (X) and
no corresponding output variables.

The goal for unsupervised learning is to model the underlying structure or


distribution in the data in order to learn more about the data.
Clustering Problem:
Unsupervised learning tries to solve this problem by looking for similarities
Applications of Machine Learning
in the data. If there is a common cluster or group, the algorithm would then
categorize them in a certain form. An example of this could be trying to
group customers based on past buying behavior.

Association Problem:
I Unsupervised learning tries to solve this problem by trying to understand the rules and
meaning behind different groups. Finding a relationship between customer purchases is a
common example of an association problem. Stores may want to know what type of products
were purchased together and could possibly use this information to organize the placement
of these products for easier access. One store found out that there was a strong association
between customers buying beer and diapers. They deduced from this statement that males
who had went out to buy diapers for their babies also tend to buy beer as well.
Reinforcement Machine Learning
Reinforcement learning can be thought of as a hit and trial method of learning.
The machine gets a Reward or Penalty point for each action it performs. If the
option is correct, the machine gains the reward point or gets a penalty point in
case of a wrong response.
Reinforcement Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence.
The reinforcement learning algorithm is all about the interaction between the
environment and the learning agent. The learning agent is based on exploration and
exploitation.

Examples of Reinforcement Learning:


Training a machine to learn how to play (Chess, Go)

Training a machine how to learn and play Super Mario by itself


Self-driving cars
Reinforcement Machine Learning
This type of machine learning requires the use of a reward/penalty
system. The goal is to reward the machine when it learns correctly and
to penalize the machine when it learns incorrectly.
Reinforcement Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence.
With the wide range of possible answers from the data, the process of
this type of learning is an iterative step. It continuously learns

Examples of Reinforcement Learning:


Training a machine to learn how to play (Chess, Go)

Training a machine how to learn and play Super Mario by itself


Self-driving cars
Reinforcement Machine Learning
This type of machine learning requires the use of a reward/penalty
system. The goal is to reward the machine when it learns correctly and
to penalize the machine when it learns incorrectly.
Reinforcement Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence.
With the wide range of possible answers from the data, the process of
this type of learning is an iterative step. It continuously learns

Examples of Reinforcement Learning:


Training a machine to learn how to play (Chess, Go)

Training a machine how to learn and play Super Mario by itself


Self-driving cars
Reinforcement Machine Learning
This type of machine learning requires the use of a reward/penalty system. The goal is to reward the machine when it learns correctly and to penalize the machine when it learns incorrectly.
Reinforcement Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence. With the wide range of possible answers from the data, the process of this type of learning is an iterative step. It
continuously learns

Thanks.
Examples of Reinforcement Learning:
Training a machine to learn how to play (Chess, Go)

Training a machine how to learn and play Super Mario by itself


Self-driving cars

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