INTERNSHIP REPORT

20
23
LIST OF CONTENTS
-
24
Chapters Content Page no.
Chapter 1 1

Introduction 1

1.1 GENERAL 1

1.2 ABOUT THE COMPANY 1

1.3 SERVICES OFFERRED 2

1.4 COMPLETED PROJECTS 3

1.5 ONGOING PROJECTS 4

1.6 FUTURE PROJECTS 5

1.7 TEAM INVOLVEMENT 7

1.8 PURPOSE OF INTERNSHIP 9

Chapter 2 11

Ojt 1 - Pavements 11

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PAVEMENTS 11

2.2 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS 11

2.3 RIGID PAVEMENTS 12

2.4 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT LAYERS 12

2.5 RIGID PAVEMENT LAYERS 13

2.6 COMPARISON OF PAVEMENTS 14

2.7 PROJECTS COMPLETED 15

2.8 Technical Knowledge 16

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC

INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
2.9 Estimation 17 23
-
Chapter 3 24
24

Ojt 2 -Retaining Wall 24

3.1 INTRODUCTION TO RETAINING WALLS 24

3.2 TYPES OF RETAINING WALLS 24

3.3 PARTS OF RETAINING WALL 27

3.4 ADVANTAGES 28

3.5 DISADVANTAGES 29

3.6 THE PURPOSE 29

3.7 PROJECTS COMPLETED 30

3.8 TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE 32

3.9 ESTIMATION 32

Case Study 35

4.1 CASE STUDY - 1 35

4.2 CASE STUDY 2 40

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC

INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
LIST OF FIGURES
-
Figures Content Page 24
no.
Fig 1.1 Ubc Heritage 5
Fig 1.2 Shalimar Residency 5
Fig 1.3 Ubc Cascade Bejai. 6
Fig 1.4 Sambar Thota Road 6
Fig 1.5 Mudipu Infosys Road 7
Fig 2.1 Flexible Pavements 11
Fig 2.2 Rigid Pavement 12
Fig 2.3 Layers Of A Flexible Pavement 13
Fig 2.4 Layers Of Rigid Pavement 14
Fig 2.5 Safety Gears 15
Fig 2.6 Surveying And Planning 15
Fig 2.7 Cube Test Preparation 16
Fig 2.8 Supervising Road Formation 16
Fig 3.1 Gravity Retaining Wall 24
Fig 3.2 Cantilever Retaining Wall 25
Fig 3.3 Anchor Retaining Wall 26
Fig 3.4 Sheet Pile Retaining Wall 26
Fig 3.5 Parts Of Retaining Wall 28
Fig 3.6 Reinforcement And Formwork Installment 30
Fig 3.7 Concrete Pouring Process 31
Fig 3.8 Calculations And Documentation 31
Fig 4.1 Earthwork 35
Fig 4.2 Surveying 36
Fig 4.3 Formation 37
Fig 4.4 Subgrade Preparartion 37
Fig 4.5 Base Course Application 38
Fig 4.6 Dense Bitumen Macadam 39
Fig 4.7 Bitumen Concrete 39
Fig 4.8 Excavation And Site Preparation 40
Fig 4.9 Pouring Of Pcc Bed 40
Fig 4.10 Raft Construction 41
Fig 4.11 Retaining Wall Construction 42

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC

INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
LIST OF TABLES
-
Tables Content Page 24
no.
Table 2.1 Estimation Of Flexible Pavements 18

Table 3.1 Estimation Of Retaining Wall 32

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC

INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
ABBREVATIONS -
24

SH State Highway

MDR Major District Road

ODR Other District Road

OJT On Job Training

PCC Plain Cement Concrete

MORTH Ministry Of Road Transport And Highways

RCC Reinforcement Cement Concrete

KBJNL Krishna Bhagya Jala Nigam Limited

PWD Public Work Department

DBM Dense Bitumen Macadam

OMC Optimum Moisture Content

HOM Heavy Operating Machines

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC

INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
CHAPTER 1 23
INTRODUCTION -
24

1.1 GENERAL

The objective set for us by the company was to learn the various procedures involved in the design
of commercial, residential buildings. Before using soft wares for the purpose, we worked out the
manual calculations, right from the basics, so that we could get a complete picture of the steps
involved in the analysis and design as per the Indian Standard Codes. Then we were instructed to
develop a design sheet in MS Excel for design of various structural elements such as footings,
columns, beams, slabs etc, as per IS Code recommendations. After that, individual projects were
given which included residential, commercial buildings. These structures were to be analyzed and
their individual elements were to be designed. Also final drawings and detailing were to be done.
1.2 ABOUT THE COMPANY

Nazam infrastructures p.v.t ltd, established in 2010 has imprinted its own identity in the real estate
sector over the last decade. Nazam infrastructures is a single owner company owned by Mr. Abdul
Khader. The office is situated in Bantwal. Nazam infrastructures has expanded its operation across
Mangalore, Bantwal, Ullal and Bangalore.

Nazam infrastructures undertakes various projects like roads, bridges, dams, buildings. Nazam
infrastructures owns construction equipments including concrete plants and bitumen plants and
maintains a policy to deploy self owned equipment, predominantly, to offer its customers,
completive construction solutions.

1.1.1 Core values

Our values serve as the compass guiding every facet of our business operations. With an
unwavering commitment to safety and innovation, we prioritize the well-being of our employees
and partners while continuously seeking new solutions to enhance efficiency and performance. Our
pride and belief in people drive a culture of empowerment and continuous learning, recognizing
the diverse talents and potential within our organization. Moreover, our dedication to end-to-end
project execution ensures seamless integration of planning, execution, and delivery, exceeding
client expectations and achieving project success.

Page 1
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
1.1.2 VISION 23
-
Our mission is to form beneficial, reciprocal, deep-rooted, and ever-growing relationships with our
24
clients and communities by delivering the highest quality projects within reasonable for
consistently providing top-level solutions, safety, expertise, and satisfaction.Our commitment
extends beyond project completion, as we strive to foster trust, transparency, and sustainable
practices that positively impact both our clients and the communities we serve.

1.1.3 MISSION

The Company aims in acquiring and developing quality properties based on realistic values for its
own investment affiliates, as well as its joint venture partners. The company also aims to be the
best, full-service Real Estate company in the Triangle and to enhance our quality of life through
active community involvement.
1.3 SERVICES OFFERRED

Nazam infrastructure has been recognized as one of Mangalore's leading infrastructure solutions.
Our exceptional services includes earth and road works, asphalt works, concrete works, bridges,
lighting, and railway work. We have considerable experience in dealing with building construction,
site layout and development, and dam and overhead tank works.

• Earthworks
• Roadworks
• Asphalt works
• Concrete works
• Bridges
• Street lightings
• Railway works
• Water pipeline works
• Building construction
• Lake
• Site layout and development
• Overhead tank works

Page 2
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
1.4 COMPLETED PROJECTS 23
-
The company handled many projects till date including commercial, residential as well as industrial
24
projects from many districts of Karnataka like Bangalore, Mangalore, Bantwal and Ullal etc., but
most of them are around coastal canara. Some of the completed Structural design Projects are as
follows

• “Commercial And Residential Apartment”, G+5 commercial building with

commercial complexes situated in derelakatte , Mangalore.

• G+1 panchayat office Ullal, Mangalore.

• A residential house for “Mr.Abdul Razak” at Mudipu Mangalore, a G+1 building.

• A residential house “Mr. Ahmed Hussain” at Mudipui , a G+1 building .

• 5km road “Infosys” Mudipu, Bantwal

• 20m Foot bridge at Konaje, Mangalore

• 50m bridge at sajipa , Bantwal.

• “Al Badriya Mosque”,G+1 Mosque building situated in Nadupadav , Mangalore

• 50m bridge at Manjanady , Bantwal

• Residential House Planing and Designing at Derelakatte, Mangalore

• G+1 Govt. School Mudipu, Bantwal.

• 10km road at Manjanady, Bantwal.

• 4 lane road of Kotekar – Pathur road (SH)

• Chellur-kotekar (MDR)

• Meyramajal asphalt (ODR)

• Mudipu-MDR road

Page 3
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
• Kollaramajalu ODR concrete road 23
-
• Kinya (ODR)
24

• Derlakatte MDR road

• Muda-bridge across nala near suroor village

• Muda-asphalt Road from bogadhi from km 2.454 to yanthur 24.457km

• Muda-construction of staff quarters building quarters building quarters at myagalahalli

• KBJNL-construction of asphalt and cc roads and RCC drains in st.sc colonies of shahapur
villages yadgir district taluk.

• Check dams at Ullal

1.5 ONGOING PROJECTS

• Minor irrigation water storage dam in Ira, bantwal

• 2km road Assaigoli, Mangalore

• Drains for Ullal Bustand , ullaal

• Chethana child development-montepadavu

• Govt school-kinya

• Govt school-sajipa nadu 400 mtr road consrtuction-montepadavu

• Metro station flooring and ceiling-electronic city

• Lake rejuvenation-Sira (Tumkur)

• Rainwater tanks-electronic city Bangalore

• Lake beautification (interlock works) Kolara

• Compound wall construction Attibele Bangalore

Page 4
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
1.6 FUTURE PROJECTS 23
-
24

Fig 1.1 UBC Heritage

Fig 1.2 Shalimar Residency

Page 5
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Fig 1.3 UBC Cascade Bejai.

Fig 1.4 Sambar Thota Road

Page 6
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Fig 1.5 Mudipu Infosys Road

1.7 DEPARTMENTS AND TEAM INVOLVEMENT

During my internship at Nazam Infrastructure Company, I had the opportunity to work closely
with various departments and teams involved in construction projects. Each department played a
crucial role in ensuring the success and smooth execution of the projects. Here's an overview of
my involvement with different departments:

1.1.4 Safety Department

• Worked closely with safety officers to understand safety protocols and procedures.

• Participated in safety briefings and training sessions to ensure compliance with safety
standards on construction sites.

• Learned about hazard identification, risk assessment, and implementation of safety

measures to prevent accidents and injuries.

Page 7
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
1.1.5 Billing Department 23
-
• Collaborated with billing personnel to gain insight into project cost estimation,
24
budgeting, and invoicing processes.

• Assisted in preparing billing documents, including material procurement invoices and

contractor payments.

• Learned about the importance of accurate cost tracking and financial management
in construction projects.

1.1.6 Store Department:

• Assisted store managers in inventory management, stock tracking, and procurement of

construction materials.

• Learned about the organization and categorization of construction materials, storage

practices, and inventory control techniques.

• Participated in material requisition processes and gained exposure to vendor management

and procurement procedures.

1.1.7 Site Engineers and Supervisors

• Worked under the guidance of site engineers and supervisors to understand project planning,
scheduling, and execution.

• Participated in site inspections, quality control checks, and progress monitoring

activities.

• Assisted in resolving technical issues, coordinating subcontractor activities, and ensuring

adherence to project specifications and standards.

• Contributed to safety protocols and procedures, promoting a secure working environment

for all on-site personnel and subcontractors.

Page 8
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
1.1.8 Labour Department:
-
• Interacted with labour supervisors and workers to understand the roles and responsibilities
24
of construction labourers.

• Gained hands-on experience in labour management, task assignment, and productivity

tracking.

• Learned about labour welfare measures, safety training programs, and workforce
management practices.

1.1.9 Managerial Department:

• Engaged with project managers and senior management to gain insights into project
planning, resource allocation, and decision-making processes.

• Participated in project meetings, budget reviews, and progress reporting activities.

• Learned about project management methodologies, stakeholder communication, and

leadership skills required for effective project execution.
1.8 PURPOSE OF MY INTERNSHIP

The primary purpose of this internship is to provide hands-on experience and practical exposure to
various aspects of civil engineering, particularly in the realm of infrastructure construction.
Through involvement in real-world projects, the internship aims to

1. Enhance theoretical knowledge: Apply theoretical concepts learned in academic settings

to practical scenarios, gaining a deeper understanding of civil engineering principles and
methodologies.

2. Develop technical skills: Acquire practical skills in construction techniques, project

management, and use of industry-standard tools and equipment relevant to civil
engineering projects.

3. Gain industry experience: Engage in day-to-day activities within a professional

engineering environment, learning about industry standards, regulations, and best practices

Page 9
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
4. Foster teamwork and collaboration: Collaborate with multidisciplinary teams,23including
engineers, technicians, and project managers, to contribute effectively towards
- project
objectives and deadlines. 24

5. Cultivate problem-solving abilities: Encounter real-world challenges and learn to devise

creative solutions while adhering to project constraints such as budget.

Page 10
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
CHAPTER 2 23
OJT 1 - PAVEMENTS -
24

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PAVEMENTS

Pavements serve as the lifelines of modern transportation infrastructure, facilitating the seamless
movement of people and goods across extensive networks of roads. Engineered to withstand the
relentless demands of vehicular traffic and diverse environmental conditions, pavements provide a
dependable and safe travel surface for all road users. Their significance extends beyond mere
connectivity, playing a pivotal role in ensuring economic productivity and societal well-being.
2.2 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS

These dynamic structures, composed of multiple layers of materials, offer a resilient solution to the
challenges posed by traffic loads and environmental factors. By distributing loads through their layered
composition, flexible pavements adapt to varying stresses, enhancing durability and performance over
time. Their versatile design, encompassing layers such as the subgrade, subbase, base course, and
surface course, underscores their ability to withstand the rigors of constant usage and fluctuating
conditions.

Fig 2.1 Flexible Pavements

Page 11
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
2.3 RIGID PAVEMENTS 23
-
Representing a sturdy alternative, rigid pavements comprise a single concrete slab directly supported
24
by the subgrade. Despite their limited flexibility, they excel in durability and strength, offering an
enduring solution for high-traffic areas and industrial applications. The monolithic nature of rigid
pavements, reinforced by layers including the subgrade and subbase, ensures efficient load distribution
and long-term stability, contributing to reduced maintenance requirements and prolonged service life.

Fig 2.2 Rigid Pavement

2.4 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT LAYERS

• Subgrade: Anchoring the pavement system, the subgrade provides essential foundational
support, mitigating the effects of soil movement and settlement.

• Subbase: Positioned above the subgrade, the subbase layer aids in load distribution and
drainage, enhancing the structural integrity of the pavement.

• Base Course: Serving as the primary load-bearing layer, the base course evenly distributes traffic
loads across the subgrade, minimizing the risk of deformation and structural failure.

Page 12
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
• Surface Course: The outermost layer, the surface course, ensures a smooth
23 and skid-
resistant driving surface, enhancing safety and user experience. -
24

Fig 2.3 layers of a flexible pavement

2.5 RIGID PAVEMENT LAYERS

• Subgrade: Acting as the groundwork, the subgrade provides the necessary support for
the rigid pavement system, ensuring stability and structural integrity.

• Subbase: Positioned atop the subgrade, the subbase layer assists in load distribution and
drainage, bolstering the pavement's resilience against external pressures.

• Concrete Slab: Serving as the core component, the concrete slab distributes loads evenly
across its surface, reinforced by the underlying layers to withstand the stresses imposed
by vehicular traffic and environmental conditions.

Page 13
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Fig 2.4 Layers Of Rigid Pavement

2.6 COMPARISON OF FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PAVEMENTS

Aspect Flexible Pavements Rigid Pavements

Advantages - Better load distribution - Exceptional durability and longevity

- Cost-effective construction in varying - Smooth driving surface with minimal

subgrades deformation

- Generally quieter - Well-suited for high-traffic areas

Disadvantages - More frequent maintenance - Higher initial construction costs

- Susceptible to rutting and deformation - Limited flexibility may lead to cracking

Page 14
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
2.7 PROJECTS COMPLETED DURING OJT-1 23
-
During my OJT-1, I completed several projects related to pavement construction, where I gained
24
hands-on experience and practical knowledge. Some of the key projects include:
1. Safety Implementation Project: Participated in implementing safety protocols on a
pavement construction site, ensuring compliance with safety standards and regulations.

Fig 2.5 safety gears

2. Surveying and Planning Project: Assisted in conducting surveys and planning activities for
upcoming pavement construction projects, gaining insights into road alignment, elevation, and
project scheduling.

Fig 2.6 surveying and planning

Page 15
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
3. Quality Control Project: Contributed to quality control efforts by performing cube
23 tests for
concrete strength, conducting soil tests for subgrade evaluation, and supervising material
- mixing
processes to maintain quality standards. 24

Fig 2.7 Cube test preparation

4. Supervision of Flexible and Rigid Pavement Projects: Under supervision, oversaw the
construction process of both flexible and rigid pavement projects, ensuring tasks were executed
according to plans and specifications.

Fig 2.8 supervising road formation

Page 16
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
2.8 Application of Technical Knowledge 23
-
During my internship in OJT-1, I applied theoretical knowledge gained from my civil engineering
24
studies to various real-world construction scenarios. Specifically, I utilized my technical expertise
in the following areas:

1. Soil Mechanics and Compaction Techniques: Applied principles of soil mechanics and
compaction techniques to achieve the desired subgrade strength and stability for both flexible and
rigid pavement construction projects. By understanding soil properties and employing appropriate
compaction methods, I ensured the integrity of the pavement foundation.

2. Asphalt Mix Design: Leveraged my understanding of asphalt mix design principles, including
aggregate selection, gradation analysis, and asphalt binder specifications. This knowledge was
instrumental in ensuring the quality and performance of pavement layers, particularly in flexible
pavement projects. By carefully designing asphalt mixes, I optimized pavement durability and
performance.

3. Construction Methods and Techniques: Implemented construction methods and techniques

for laying, compacting, and finishing both asphalt pavements (for flexible pavements) and
concrete slabs (for rigid pavements). By adhering to design specifications and industry best
practices, I contributed to the successful completion of pavement construction projects, ensuring
structural integrity and longevity.

4. Quality Control and Assurance: Implemented rigorous quality control and assurance
measures throughout the construction process to ensure compliance with design standards and
specifications. This involved conducting material testing, monitoring construction activities, and
identifying any deviations from the project requirements. By maintaining strict quality control
protocols, I helped minimize defects and ensure the long-term performance of the constructed
pavements.
2.9 Estimation for Pavement Construction

Estimating materials and resources required for pavement construction involves factors such as
design specifications, traffic volume, and budget constraints. Comprehensive estimation
techniques enable effective project planning and resource management, ensuring successful
completion of road construction projects.

Page 17
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
Table 2.1 ESTIMATION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS -
24

Cost Estimate
Improvements and widening to 4 lane of Kotekar – Pathuru Road (MDR)
From km.15.210 to 15.880 towards Mudipu
Length of Road is 670m
Name of Work:- Improvements and widening for COLLEGE ROAD (L-270m)

S Item of work No L B H Qty Amount

l.
N
o
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8
1 Earth work Formation
i KSRRB M200-11.1.Clearing and grubbing road land including uprooting rank vegetation, grass, bushes,
shrubs, saplings and trees of girth upto 300mm,, removal of stumps, disposal of unserviceable materials,
stacking of serviceable materials to be used or auctioned, upto a lead of 1000 meters including removal and
disposal of top organic soil not exceeding 150 mm in thickness as per specifications. II. By Mechanical
Means, A, In area of light jungle.MORTH Specification No.201
270.00 15.00 4050.0 Sqm
0

Basic Rate 5.00

Add 10% 0.00
5.00 /cmt
Rs.
20,250

ii KSRRB M200-11.1 Cutting of Trees girth from 2700mm to 3600mm including cutting of trunks,branchesand
removal of stumps roots stacking of serviceable materials with all lifts and upto lead of 100m and earthfill in
the depression/pit complete as per specifications.MORTH Specification No.201.

Cutting of Trees 20 Nos

Page 18
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
Basic Rate 2500.00 -
Add 10% 0.00 24
2500.00 /cmt Rs.
50,000
C Earth work Formation

v KSRRB M300-11: Excavation in Hard Rock (blasting prohibited) - Excavation for roadway in
hard rock (blasting prohibited) with rock breakers including breaking rock, loading in tippers
and disposal within all lifts and lead upto 1000 metres trimming bottom and side slopes in
accordance with requirements of lines, grades and cross sections complete as per specifications.
A. Mechanised MORTH Specification No.,301 (P.No.142,1.No.19.16)
Earth work calculation sheet cmt
100 4 1.00 400.00
Basic Rate 450.00
Add 10% 0.00
450.00 /cmt
Rs.
1,80,000

v KSRRB M300: Construction of Embankment with Material approved material Gravel/Murrum with all lifts
ii and leads ,transporting to site, spreading grading to required slope and compacting to meet requirement Table
300-2 complete as per specifications,including cost of gravel/murrum.watering charges & ompaction by
vibratory roller) MORTH Specification No. 305
Earth work calculation sheet

1 165 12 3.50 6930.0

0
100 10.5 2.00 2100.0
0
80 3 3.00 720.00

Basic Rate 309.00 9750.0

0
Add 10% 0.00

Page 19
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
309.00 /cmt Rs. 23
- 30,12,750

24
D KSRRB M300-53: Construction of subgrade, median and Earthenshoulders with approved
material Gravel / Murrum with all lifts and leads, transporting to site, spreading, grading to
required slope and compacting to meet requirement Table 300-2 complete as per specifications
(which includes of cost of gravel /murrum watering charges & compaction by vibratory roller)
MORTH Specification No.305
Alignment 1 270.00 8.00 0.500 1080.0
0
Shoulder Filling 1 270.00 2.00 0.500 270.00
(A) 1350.0 cmt
0

Basic Rate 235.00

Add 10% 0.00
235.00 /cmt Rs.
3,17,250
Total Cost for Earthwork Rs.
35,80,250
2 Sub base and Base (WMM)

i KSRRB 400 Granular Sub-Base With Coarse Material (Table 400-2) KSRRB M400-7:
Construction of granular sub base by providing coarse graded material spreading in uniform
layers with motor grader on prepared surface, mixing by mix in place method with rotavator at
OMC and compacting with vibratory roller to achieve the desired density, complete as per
specifications
Alignment 1 270.00 7.00 0.150 283.50
80.00 2.00 0.150 24.00
307.50 cmt
Basic Rate 2000.00
Add 10% 0.00
2000.00 /cmt Rs.
6,15,000

Page 20
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
ii KSRRB M 400-17: Providing, laying, spreading and compacting graded stone aggregates to 23
Wet mix macadam specifications including pre mixing the material with water at OMC. -
Mechanical mix plant carriage of mixed method of tipper to site, laying in uniforms layers with
24
paver in sub-base /base course on well prepared surface and compacting with vibratory roller to
achieve the desired basically complate as per Specifications. MORTH Specification No. 406

Alignment 1 270.00 7.00 0.250 472.50

80.00 2.00 0.250 40.00
512.50 cmt
Basic Rate 2150.00
Add 10% 0.00
2150.00 /cmt Rs.
11,01,875
Total cost for Sub Base and Base (WMM) Rs.
17,16,875
3 Bituminous Work
ii KSRRB 500-4: Providing and applying primer coat for surface of low and medium porosity
i respectively over prepared surface of granular base with cut back M.C-70 or other bitumen
mixed with diesel at 1.10 kg sqm heated in bitumen boiler fitted with spray set (excluding
cleaning of road surface) including cost of materials, labour, HOM of machineries complete as
per specifications. MORTH Chapter 5
Alignment 1 270.00 6.50 1755.0
0
80.00 1.50 120.00
1875.0 Sqm
0
Basic Rate 60.00
Add 10% 0.00
60.00 /Sqm Rs.
1,12,500

i KSRRB 500-10: Tack Coat. Providing and applying tack coat with bitumen emulsion using
v pressure distributor at the rate of 0.20 kg per sqm on the prepared bituminous/granular surface
cleaned with mechanical broom, complate as per Specifications. MORTH Specification
No.503
Alignment 1 270.00 6.50 1755.0

Page 21
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
0 23
80.00 1.50 120.00-
1875.024
0
Basic Rate 25.00
Add 10% 0.00
25.00 /Sqm Rs.
46,875

v KSRRB M 500-16: Providing and laying Dense bituminous macadam 100 mm compacted
thickness with 5% bitumen 80/100 grade, contents on prepared surface with specified graded
crushed aggregates for base / binder course including loading of material with F.E. loader,
heating of binder aggregates and filled in hot paver finisher to the required level and grade,
rolling by power roller to achieve the desired density (but excluding cost of primer/tack coat) to
a lead upto 1 km including cost of materials, labour, HOM of machineries complate as per
Specifications. MORTH Chapter -do- using 40/60 TPH capacity H.M.P with Mechanical Paver
Gr-II (50 mm to 75 mm) with 4.5% VG-30 Bitumen
Alignment 1 270.00 6.20 0.050 83.70
80.00 1.50 0.050 6.00
89.70
Basic Rate 8700.00
Add 10% 0.00
8700.00 /cmt Rs.
7,80,390

i KSRRB M 500-19: Providing and laying Bituminous concrete 40 mm thick with 100-120
v TPH batch type hot mix plant producing an average output of 75 tonnes per hour using crushed
aggregates of specified grading, premixed with bituminous binder at 5.4 to 5.6% of mix and
filler, transporting the hot mix to work site, laying with a hydrostatic paver finisher with sensor
control to the required grade, level and alignment, rolling with smooth wheeled, vibratory and
tandem rollers to achieve the desired compaction as per MORTH specification clause No. 500.9
complete in all respects complete as per specifications -do- using 40/60 TPH capacity H.M.P.
with Mechanical Paver Gr-II (30 mm to 45 mm) with 6% CRMB 55
ch 0+000 to 250+000 1 250.00 6.00 0.040 60.00

Page 22
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
80.00 1.50 0.040 4.80 23
65.00 - cmt

24
Basic Rate 10400.00
Add 10% 0.00
10400.00 /cmt Rs.
6,76,000
Total Cost for Bituminous Work Rs.
16,15,765

Page 23
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
CHAPTER 3 23
OJT 2 -RETAINING WALL -
24

3.1 INTRODUCTION TO RETAINING WALLS

A retaining wall is a structure designed to restrain soil to unnatural slopes. They are used to bound
soils between two different elevations, often in areas where the landscape needs to be shaped to
create usable space, prevent erosion, or manage water runoff. Retaining walls can be constructed
using various materials such as concrete, stone, brick, wood, or even reinforced soil. They are
commonly found in landscaping, civil engineering, and construction projects. Retaining walls are
crucial for stabilizing terrain and preventing soil erosion, thus contributing to the overall safety and
functionality of a site.
3.2 TYPES OF RETAINING WALLS
3.2.1 Gravity Retaining Wall:

Gravity Retaining Walls predominately resist lateral earth pressure (from soil backfill known as
active soil) as well as the gravity weight of the structure. There are generally some reactive (upward)
forces can be caused from passive soil pressure and hydrostatic pressures caused by water tables.
Essentially, the weight of the gravity wall will resist the structure from overturning and sliding. It’s
a fairly shallow retaining wall and are generally limited to a few meters, as there are no embedded
piles or anchors to support the weight of the active soil. Materials used in gravity retaining walls is
generally stone, concrete and brick masonry. They often feature a ‘battered’ or tapered profile,
where the base is thicker than the to This provides additional strength and stability at the base where
it is most needed.

Fig 3.1 Gravity retaining wall

Page 24
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
3.2.2 Cantilever Retaining Wall: 23
-
Cantilever Retaining Walls are pretty similar to Gravity Retaining Walls, however they include an
24
additional base component that provides additional restraint against overturning and sliding given
this additional concrete. This shape is more effective to resist the active forces, as the weight of the
active force provides vertical resistance (gravity forces) to resist overturning and sliding – so less
concrete can generally be used.

Fig 3.2 Cantilever retaining wall

3.2.3 Anchored Retaining wall

As it suggests in the name, anchored retaining walls typically resist the active soil pressure forces
via an anchor into the soil, rock or other resisting material. These anchors provide the forces
necessary to resist overturning and sliding. Since the anchors are loaded axially, they can withstand
higher loads and are a pretty efficient use of material – particularly as the concrete stem generally
won’t need to be as thick. They are also extremely strong designs and more resistant against higher
forces where there is less room to work with; typically why you see them used in construction sites
where adjacent buildings is a concern.

Page 25
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Fig 3.3 Anchor retaining wall

3.2.4 Sheet Pile Retaining Walls

Sheet piles with a corrugated shape (to increase the bending capacity of the sheet) can also be used
to retain the active pressure in retaining walls. They are driven into the soil using a rig and provide
additional lateral restraint as it is piled deep into the soil. These types of retaining walls are often
used as barriers for groundwater flow and in car parks and are beneficial in areas that don’t have a
lot of space for wide barriers.

Fig 3.4 Sheet pile retaining wall

Page 26
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
3.3 PARTS OF RETAINING WALL 23
- support
1. Base: The bottom portion of the retaining wall is crucial for providing stability and
24 retained
against soil pressure. It plays a vital role in distributing the load from the wall and the
material to the foundation, ensuring the overall structural integrity of the wall. Properly
designed and constructed bases are essential to withstand the forces exerted by the soil and
prevent settlement or failure of the wall over time.
2. Stem: The vertical portion of the retaining wall, known as the stem, extends from the base to
the top of the wall. It serves as the primary structural element responsible for resisting lateral
earth pressure and transmitting it to the base. The stem's design and reinforcement are critical
for withstanding the forces exerted by the retained soil and maintaining the stability of the wall
under various loading conditions.
3. Toe: The toe of the retaining wall refers to the front edge or bottom of the wall that comes into
direct contact with the soil being retained. It plays a crucial role in resisting sliding forces and
providing additional stability to the wall. Properly designed toe dimensions and anchoring
mechanisms are essential to prevent soil displacement and ensure the wall's long-term
performance.
4. Heel: Situated at the back edge or bottom of the retaining wall opposite the toe, the heel serves
to counteract overturning forces and provide stability against backward movement. It plays a
critical role in maintaining the equilibrium of the wall by resisting the rotational forces exerted by the
retained soil. Properly designed and anchored heels are essential for preventing wall failure and
ensuring structural stability.
5. Backfill: The material placed behind the retaining wall, known as backfill, provides essential
support and resistance against soil pressure. Proper compaction of the backfill is crucial to
prevent settlement and wall failure. Additionally, selecting the appropriate backfill material
and ensuring adequate drainage are essential for maintaining the stability and performance of
the retaining wall over time.
6. Drainage System: A well-designed drainage system is essential for managing groundwater
and preventing hydrostatic pressure buildup behind the retaining wall. This system may
include weep holes, drainage pipes, or gravel layers incorporated into the wall design to
facilitate water drainage and prevent saturation of the backfill. Proper drainage helps alleviate
pressure on the wall and reduces the risk of wall failure due to water-related issues.
7. Reinforcement: Steel bars, grids, or geogrids embedded within the retaining wall structure

Page 27
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
enhance its strength and stability, especially in taller or more challenging soil 23
conditions.
Reinforcement helps distribute loads more evenly throughout the wall, reducing -the risk of
cracking, deformation, or failure. Properly designed and installed reinforcement systems
24 are
essential for ensuring the long-term performance and durability of the retaining wall.
8. Coping: The coping, or topmost layer of the retaining wall, provides a finished surface and
protects the wall from water infiltration and weathering. It also enhances the aesthetic
appearance of the wall and may serve functional purposes such as providing seating or handrail
support. Properly designed coping helps maintain the integrity of the wall and enhances its
overall visual appeal and functionality.

Fig 3.5 Parts Of Retaining Wall

3.4 ADVANTAGES OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALLS
• Cost-effective: Cantilever walls require less material compared to other types of retaining
walls, making them cost-effective.
• Suitable for tight spaces: They are suitable for areas with limited space as they do not
require additional space behind the wall for bracing.
• Versatile: Cantilever walls can be constructed to varying heights and lengths, making them
versatile for different project requirements.
• Long-lasting: When designed and constructed properly, cantilever walls can be durable and

Page 28
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
have a long lifespan. 23
• Minimal maintenance: They typically require minimal maintenance once constructed,
-
reducing long-term costs. 24

3.5 DISADVANTAGES OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALLS

• Complex design: Designing cantilever walls requires careful consideration of factors such as
soil type, water table, and loading conditions, which can make the design process complex.
• Construction challenges: Constructing cantilever walls requires skilled labor and specialized
equipment, which can increase construction costs.
• Limited height: Cantilever walls have a maximum height limitation, beyond which
additional reinforcement or alternative retaining wall types may be required.
• Potential for cracking: Improper design or construction can lead to cracking or failure of the
wall, especially in areas with high soil pressure or seismic activity.
• Not suitable for all soil types: Cantilever walls may not be suitable for certain soil types,
such as loose or expansive soils.
3.6 THE PURPOSE OF RETAINING WALLS
• Soil Retention: Retaining walls hold back soil, preventing it from eroding or collapsing onto
lower elevations. They help maintain the integrity of landscapes and prevent soil loss, which
is crucial for preserving the stability of the surrounding environment.
• Erosion Control: By stabilizing slopes and preventing soil erosion, retaining walls help
protect against the effects of water runoff and weathering. They minimize the risk of
landslides, washouts, and other erosion-related damage.
• Landscaping and Aesthetics: Retaining walls can be used to create terraced landscapes,
transforming steep or uneven terrain into usable and visually appealing spaces. They provide
opportunities for gardening, seating areas, pathways, and other landscape features.
• Structural Support: Retaining walls support vertical or near-vertical grade changes, allowing
for the construction of structures such as roads, buildings, bridges, and parking lots on uneven
or sloped terrain. They provide essential structural stability and prevent settlement or shifting
of structures built on or near slopes.
• Water Management: Retaining walls can be integrated into water management systems to
control the flow of surface water, divert runoff, or create drainage channels. They help mitigate

Page 29
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
flooding and manage storm water runoff in urban and rural settings. 23
• Property Boundaries: Retaining walls often serve as property boundary markers,
- detailing
the edges of a property and providing privacy and security for homeowners. 24
• Utility Protection: In some cases, retaining walls may be used to protect utilities such as
pipelines, cables, or infrastructure from soil movement or external forces.
3.7 PROJECTS COMPLETED
• Reinforcement and Formwork Installation: Assisting in the installation of reinforcement bars
(rebars) and formwork to prepare the retaining wall structure for concrete pouring. This
involved carefully positioning and securing the rebars according to the project specifications
and ensuring the proper alignment of the formwork to achieve the desired shape and
dimensions of the wall.

Fig 3.6 Reinforcement and formwork installment

Page 30
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
• 23
Concrete Pouring Process: Participating in the concrete pouring process and ensuring proper
placement and consolidation of concrete within the formwork. I helped coordinate- the delivery
24assisted in
of concrete, monitored the pouring process to prevent segregation or air pockets, and
vibrating the concrete to ensure thorough consolidation and bonding between layers.

Fig 3.7 concrete pouring process

• Calculations and Documentation: Documenting construction activities through progress
reports, checking schedules, plans, onsite calculation of materials ,photographic documentation,
capturing key milestones and observations. I maintained detailed records of the construction
progress, including the completion of each phase.

Fig 3.8 Calculations and Documentation

Page 31
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
3.8 APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE 23
-
• During OJT-2, I applied theoretical knowledge gained from my civil engineering studies
24
to practical construction scenarios, particularly in the following areas:

• Foundation design and construction techniques for retaining walls, including soil analysis,
structural calculations, and reinforcement strategies.

• Concrete technology and construction practices, including concrete mixing, placement,

curing methods, and quality control procedures.

• Estimation techniques and project planning for retaining wall construction, including
material quantities, labor requirements, and scheduling.
3.9 ESTIMATION

Estimating the materials and resources required for retaining wall construction is a critical aspect of
project planning. It involves a systematic approach to determine the quantities of various materials
needed and to assess the overall cost of the project. Several factors influence the estimation process,
including the design specifications, site conditions, project timeline, and budget constraints.

Table 3.1 ESTIMATION OF RETAINING WALL

NAZAM INFRASTRUCTURES- NARINGANA, BANTWAL
DETAILED QUANTITY- RETAINING WALL

REMARK
SL No Description Of Item NOS LENGTH WIDTH DEPTH QUANTITY
S

1 Excavation Works
EW IN SOFT SOIL UPTO
a 10.65 7.3 2.5 194.3625
3MTRS
Total Quantity 194.36 Cum

Page 32
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
- 23

EW IN HARD ROCK 3-
-
b 0.3
4.5MTRS 10.65 7.30 23.3 24

Total Quantity 23.32 Cum

a EW filling 23.32

Total Quantity 23.32 Cum

2 PCC Works
1 75 2.8 0.15 31.5
Total Quantity 31.50 Cum

4 RCC M30
a) RAFT CONCRETE 1 75 2.6 0.3 58.5

Total Quantity 58.50 Cum

b) RC WALL

Page 33
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
STEM (RW) 1 75 0.3 3.8 85.5 23

-
Total Quantity 85.50 Cum
24

Page 34
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
CHAPTER 4 23
CASE STUDY -
4.1 CASE STUDY - 1 24

The meticulous road construction process ensures durability and longevity. By following precise
steps from clearing to laying layers, the road withstands traffic and environmental conditions
effectively. Advanced technology and careful planning optimize stability, providing a smooth and
resilient surface for continuous usage.

4.1.1 Earth Work

The initial phase of road construction entails clearing obstacles that obstruct the intended path of
the road. This encompasses the meticulous removal of trees, plants, bushes, and grass, ensuring a
clean slate for construction activities. Additionally, the excavation of rocks is imperative to prepare
a leveled surface, laying the groundwork for subsequent phases

Fig 4.1 Earthwork

Page 35
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
4.1.2 Surveying 23
-
Surveying serves as the backbone of the construction process, providing the necessary precision
24
in leveling and aligning the terrain. The utilization of autolevel technology enables engineers to
achieve accurate measurements, facilitating the seamless integration of various elements in the
construction process and ensuring the alignment of the road with surrounding topography.

Fig 4.2 surveying

4.1.3 Formation

The formation of the road involves shaping the terrain to establish a stable foundation. In this
case, the terrain is filled to create a solid base, mitigating potential risks of subsidence and
ensuring the longevity of the road infrastructure. Each aspect of formation is meticulously
planned to optimize stability and resilience against environmental factors.The formation of the
road encompasses a series of intricate processes aimed at establishing a robust foundation
capable of withstanding the rigors of vehicular traffic and environmental conditions. Beyond
simply filling the terrain, the formation involves comprehensive planning and execution to
achieve optimal stability and longevity of the road infrastructure.

Page 36
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Fig 4.3 formation

4.1.3 Subgrade Preparation

Subgrade preparation stands as a critical juncture in the construction process, where the foundation
of the road is reinforced to withstand the pressures of vehicular traffic and environmental conditions.
This phase involves the intricate task of clearing the site, removing unsuitable materials, and
compacting the soil to the required density. The subgrade, with dimensions of Length - 270m, Width-
8m, and Thickness - 500mm, undergoes meticulous compaction using state-of-the-art rollers and
dozers, ensuring structural integrity and uniformity.

Fig 4.4 subgrade preparartion

Page 37
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
4.1.4 Base Course Application 23
-
The application of the base course marks a pivotal stage in road construction, where measures are
24
taken to fortify the foundation and prepare it for subsequent layers. The prime coat, meticulously
applied, serves to seal the base course, shielding it from moisture and providing a solid surface for
the asphalt layer to come. Furthermore, the tack coat ensures robust adhesion between the base
course and the bitumen course, laying the groundwork for a resilient road surface.

Fig 4.5 Base course application

4.1.5 Dense Bitumen Macadam (DBM) Construction

The construction of Dense Bitumen Macadam (DBM) represents a meticulous amalgamation of

bitumen and coarse aggregate, meticulously heated to 300 degrees Celsius for optimal viscosity.
With dimensions mirroring the road's Length - 270m, Width - 6m, and Thickness - 50mm, the DBM
layer is laid with precision using advanced pavers and subsequently compacted to exacting standards
using an array of precision rollers, resulting in a smooth, durable surface capable of withstanding
the rigors of continuous usage

Page 38
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Fig 4.6 Dense bitumen macadam

4.1.6 Bitumen Concrete

Bitumen concrete, comprising bitumen, dust, and coarse aggregate less than 6mm in size, serves as
a cornerstone in enhancing the strength and durability of the road infrastructure. With dimensions
aligned with the road's Length - 270m, Width - 6m, and Thickness - 40mm, the bitumen concrete
layer undergoes a meticulous laying process using cutting-edge pavers, followed by thorough
compaction using rollers, ensuring uniformity and stability across the road surface.

Fig 4.7 Bitumen concrete

Page 39
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
4.2 CASE STUDY 2 23
-
4.2.1 Excavation and Site Preparation
24
Begin by excavating the ground to accommodate the retaining wall, ensuring a depth of 750mm below
ground level and a visible height of 300mm above road level. Clear the excavation area

Fig 4.8 Excavation and Site Preparation

4.2.2 Installation of PCC Bed

Prepare the mix for the Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) bed using a ratio of 1part of Cement, 4 parts of
Sand, and 8 parts of Aggregate. Pour the PCC mix into the excavated area to create a bed with a thickness
of 100mm. Compact the PCC bed thoroughly to achieve proper density and stability. Allow the PCC
bed to cure for at least 2 days.

Fig 4.9 Pouring of PCC bed

Page 40
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
4.2.3 Construction of Raft Foundation
-
Excavate trenches for the raft foundation, ensuring they match the width of the retaining wall and a
24
thickness of 350mm. Place main reinforcement bars (12mm) with 150mm spacing and distribution bars
(8mm) with 200mm spacing in the trenches. Construct formwork along the edges of the trenches to
contain the concrete. Pour concrete into the formwork, covering the reinforcement bars completely. Use
vibrators to remove air pockets and ensure proper consolidation of the concrete. Allow the concrete to
cure for 7 days.

Fig 4.10 raft construction

4.2.4 Construction of Retaining Wall

Install formwork along the excavated area where the retaining wall will be built, ensuring it follows the
desired shape and dimensions. Place main reinforcement bars (12mm) with 125mm spacing in the lower
half and (12mm) with 250mm spacing in the upper half, along with distribution bars (8mm) at 200mm
intervals. Pour concrete into the formwork, ensuring it completely fills the space and covers the
reinforcement bars. Use vibrating tools to ensure proper compaction and consolidation of the concrete.
Smooth the surface of the concrete using trowels to achieve the desired finish. Allow the concrete to
cure for the 2 days before removing the formwork .

Page 41
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Fig 4.11 retaining wall construction

4.1.4 Finishing and Site Cleanup
Remove the formwork carefully to avoid damaging the newly constructed retaining wall. Backfill
any excavated areas behind the retaining wall with soil and pebbles, ensuring proper compaction.
Grade the area around the retaining wall to ensure proper drainage away from the structure. Clean
up the construction site, removing any debris or excess materials. curing is done for 28 days for
strength.

Fig 4.12 finishing and site cleanup

Page 42
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Page 43
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
PHOTO GALLERY
24

Page 44
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Page 45
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Page 46
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Page 47
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Page 48
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Page 49
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Page 50
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
APPENDICES
-
24
DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RETAINING WALL

RETAINING WALL - NARINGANA, BANTWAL
retaining compound wall reinforcment work
Sl Descrip Ntn. / Dia N No Cut Tota Fe 550D STEEL Rema
no tion Bar in os of leng l 8mm 10m 12m 16m 20 25 32 rks
no . mm ite th Leng m m m mm mm mm
m. in th
Mts
.

Page 51
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
1 footing- Y10 10 13 32 1.70 707. 0.00 707. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0023 0.00
parallel @ mm 20 20 -
to L 125c/ 24
c

2 footing Y10 10 12 32 1.85 710. 0.00 710. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-parallel @ mm 40 40
to B 125c/
c
3 column Y12 12 6 32 3.50 672. 0.00 0.00 672. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
mm 00 00
4 ties Y8 8m 19 32 1.20 729. 729.6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
@200 m 60 0
c/c
5 beam Y16 16 2 1 163. 326. 0.00 0.00 0.00 326. 0.00 0.00 0.00
top rod mm 36 72 72
6 Top y16 16 2 4 2.30 18.4 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.4 0.00 0.00 0.00
extra mm 0 0
bar
7 Pin rod Y25 25 9 4 0.20 7.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.20 0.00
mm
8 top Y16 16 2 30 3.20 192. 0.00 0.00 0.00 192. 0.00 0.00 0.00
extra mm 00 00
bar
9 Pin rod Y25 25 12 30 0.20 72.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.0 0.00
mm 0 0
10 Bottom Y16 16 2 1 163. 326. 0.00 0.00 0.00 326. 0.00 0.00 0.00
bar mm 36 72 72
11 Bottom Y16 16 2 31 3.00 186. 0.00 0.00 0.00 186. 0.00 0.00 0.00
extra mm 00 00
bar
12 Pin rod Y25 25 11 31 0.20 68.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 68.2 0.00
mm 0 0
13 SFR Y8 8m 4 1 153. 614. 614.4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Page 52
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
m 60 40 0 23
-
14 Stirrups Y8 @ 8m 12 31 4.90 1822 1822. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
24
- t1 225 m .80 80
Zone A c/c

15 Stirrups Y8 @ 8m 16 31 4.90 2430 2430. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- t1 150c/ m .40 40
Zone B c

16 tie beam Y8 8m 2 1 200. 400. 400.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
m 00 00 0
TOTAL LENGTH 5997. 141 672. 104 0.0 147. 0.0
2 7.6 0 9.8 4
Unit of steel in Wt/m 0.395 0.61 0.88 1.58 2.46 3.85 6.32
6 8 0 6 3 0
Wt in Kgs 2368. 873. 596. 165 0.0 567. 0.0
9 2 7 8.7 9
Total Wt in kgs 6065.551
Binding wire @ 10kgs Per MT 60.65551

Total weight of steel reinforcemnt in KGS 6376.2

Page 53
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
CUBE TEST REPORT 23
-
24

SOIL TEST REPORT

Page 54
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS 23
-
24

Page 55
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
CONCLUSION
-
• 24
Valuable Learning Experience: The internship at Nazam Infrastructure Company has
been an invaluable opportunity for me to immerse myself in real-world civil engineering
construction projects. Working on rigid pavement, flexible pavement, and retaining wall
projects provided practical insights that complemented my academic knowledge.

• Achievement of Objectives: I am pleased to report that the internship allowed me to

achieve the objectives set at the outset. I improved my technical skills through hands-on
experience and expanded my understanding of construction methodologies and techniques.

• Enhanced Professional Skills: Engaging with professionals in the field allowed me to

improve my communication, teamwork, and problem-solving abilities. Collaborating with
colleagues and contractors on-site provided a platform to apply theoretical concepts to practical
situations effectively.

• Networking and Mentorship: The internship provided me with opportunities to network

with industry professionals and seek mentorship from experienced engineers. These interactions
were instrumental in broadening my perspective on the civil engineering profession and gaining
valuable insights into career development paths.

• Preparation for Future Career: As I reflect on my internship experience, I am confident

that the skills and knowledge gained have equipped me for future challenges in the field of civil
engineering. The hands-on experience, coupled with mentorship and networking opportunities,
has prepared me to make meaningful contributions to the industry.

• Gratitude and Acknowledgment: I am grateful to Nazam Infrastructure Company for

providing me with this enriching internship experience. The guidance and support received from
supervisors, mentors, and colleagues have been instrumental in my professional development
journey.

• Looking Ahead: As I transition from the internship to the next phase of my academic
and professional journey, I carry with me the lessons learned and experiences gained. I am
excited about the opportunities that lie ahead and am committed to continuous learning and
growth in the field of civil engineering.

Page 56
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
20
23
-
24

Page 57
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BIT POLYTECHNIC