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READING 1 I Garbage of Eden
UNIT ... You are going to read an article from New Scientist magazine that examines
OBJECTIVE
the unique way that Singapore is dealing with its garbage. Use the article to
gather information and ideas for your Unit Assignment.

Being an active reader is the key to becoming a better reader. One way to be an
active reader is to think about the topic of a text and form questions before you
begin reading. Base your questions on the information or content you think will
be in the reading. Use question words (who, what, where, when, why, and how).
Then, while you read, keep your questions in mind and look for the answers.
For example, this title, subtitle, and photo are from a newspaper article.

Stop! I'm Full

No more room in local landfill; it will
close at the end of this year.

These are possible questions to ask before reading the article:

[
Who is in charge of this landfill?
What kinds of garbage are in this landfill?
Where is this landfill?

m I Reading and Writing 161

 [
When was the landfill opened?
Why is the landfill full?
How will this landfill be cleaned up so it doesn't harm the environment?
While reading the article, note any answers to your questions. After you finish reading,
use the answers to your questions to help you identify the main ideas of the text.

A. Read the title and subtitle of Reading 1 on page 163. Also look at the photos
and landfill plan that accompany the article. Use the wh-word question
chart to write six questions that you think the reading should answer.

Who

What

Where

When

Why

How

B. As you read the article "Garbage of Eden," look for the answers to your
questions. Annotate your text to remind you where you found the
answers. Do not complete the chart yet.

iQr,mftW◄I C. Go on line for more practice anticipating content through questions.

PREVIEW THE READING

A. 1Q;j@1¥1 What are three possible ways Singapore could get rid of its
waste in an environmentally friendly way? As you read, check to see if
your ideas are similar to the ideas presented in the article.

1.

2.

3.

162 UNIT 6 I How can we turn trash into treasure?

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 F. Read the statements. Write T (true) or F (false). Then correct each false
statement to make it true.

1. The landfill is located 20 minutes by car from the main island.

2. The landfill took eight years to make.

3. Singapore incinerates less than 20 percent of its garbage.

4. Garbage disposal companies incinerate glass, plastic, electronics, and

concrete.

5. Singapore has four incineration plants.

6. The rock wall that created the artificial island is 17 kilometers long.

7. The landfill is made up of 11 cells, which are being filled with waste.
8. Four of the eleven cells have been filled to about two meters above sea
level.

9. The Government of Singapore plants trees on each filled cell.

_ 10. Singapore's National Environmental Agency destroyed all of the

mangroves on the original island.

G. Write the number of each true and corrected statement from Activity F
next to the main idea it supports.

1. Singapore has an environmentally

friendly and unique landfill.

2. Singapore is able to reduce a large

amount of the waste going into
its landfill.

3. Singapore has carefully planned

the building of its island landfill.

4. Singapore has done a lot to

maintain the natural environment
on and around its landfill.

168 UNIT6 I Howcanweturn trashinto treasure?

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 to 2.68 pounds in 1960, according to the US easily, he advised me to install a new electrical
Environmental Protection Agency. connector and showed me how I'd fasten
21 Additionally, we've been forced into shallow the lamp's wires to the new piece once I'd
relationships with our material possessions obtained it.
and have become increasingly dependent on 24 The next day, I visited the hardware store up the
manufacturers. And finally, overall craftsmanship road: four dollars and a few at-home adjustments
has declined, and we possess fewer objects worth later, the bulb lit up. I felt a surge of pride-and a
taking pride in and passing to the next generation. sudden, fierce attachment to the lamp.
(No one's going to inherit my $32 athletic watch.) 2s While repairing rather than replacing may have
22 Back on the Repair PDX floor, I set my damaged become a rebellious action over the last few
lamp beside Jacobson's table and explained the decades, Jacobson sees room for the concept
problem: The on/off knob had become too stiff to grow. From coffee grinders to speakers to
to turn, and though I'd been able to control the lawnmowers to furniture, Repair PDX alone has
light by screwing and unscrewing the bulb, that endowed6 a multitude of objects with new life.
strategy had stopped working as well. 26 "It might be a fringe activity, but so was stuff
23 Jacobson removed the shade, disconnected like Craigslist7 at first," he said. "It's got to start
the socket, and tried cleaning the device with with the curious ones, the people willing to take
a solvent. When the knob still did not rotate a risk."

6 endow: to give something 7 Craigslist: a popular classified advertisements Web site

B. VOCABULARY Here are some words from Reading 2. Complete each

sentence with a vocabulary word from the box. You may need to change
the form of the word to make the sentence grammatically correct.

adjust (v.) ,f concept (n.) ,f craftsmanship (n.) participant (n.)

appliance (n.) consequence (n.) ,f device (n.) ,f permeate (v.)
aptitude (n.) convene (v.) founder (n.) tinker (v.)

1. After the coffeemaker was fixed, the smell of freshly brewed coffee
________ the room.

2. Although many people may think they don't have a(n) ___ ___
_
for fixing broken items, with a little help and patience, they can learn to repair
many different kinds of things.

3. The repair cafe is a new________ that is helping people learn

how to fix old and broken items in a social atmosphere.

I Reading and Writing 173

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G. Based on Reading 2, what answers can you infer to the following questions?

1. Why was getting his broken toaster repaired the highlight of Steve
Vegdahl's day?
2. Why have repair cafes become so popular around the world?
3. How would you describe the "old values our grandparents held" that
Cindy Correll talks about?
4. Why would an economic downturn contribute to the success of repair cafes?
5. Why does Jacobson want to instill a repair ethic in people?
6. Why are products such as radios, televisions, and microwaves designed to
be thrown away?
7. Why did the author's landlord want to replace the broken washer instead
of fixing it?
8. Why did RadioShack switch from selling cables, connectors, and widgets
to smartphones and other wireless devices?
9. Why isn't anyone going to inherit the author's athletic watch?
10. Why did the author feel such a sense of pride and fierce attachment to
her lamp?

WRITE WHAT YOU THINK

A. Discuss these questions in a group. Look back at your Quick Write on
page 170 as you think about what you have learned.

1. Which item fixed at the repair cafe do you think was the most valuable?
Is this an item that you would fix if it ever became broken?

2. Why do you think Martine Postma started the first repair cafe?
3. Do you think that repair cafes will still be around in 10 years? Why or
why not?

B. Before you watch the video, discuss these questions in a group.

1. Why could it be a good business idea to recycle garbage into organic

fertilizer using worms?
2. How important is it to totally commit to a business idea and to put all of
your time and energy into it?

I Reading and Writing 177

 iQ1,1mW@ C. Go online to watch the video
buzzword (n.) a popular technical term that
about how the company
is connected to a specific topic or subject
TerraCycle creates its fertilizer.
contraption (n.) a machine or piece of
Then check your comprehension.
equipment that looks strange
gold mine (n.) a business or activity that
makes a large profit
trade secret (n.) a secret piece of information
that is known only by the people at a
particular company
•
Writing
D
In Unit 5, you learned
D. Think about the unit video, Reading 1, and Reading 2 as you discuss these
questions. Then choose one question and write a paragraph in response.
about connecting
information. Use 1. Two different methods of turning trash into treasure were presented by the
linear information
structure or constant readings in this unit: ( 1) incinerating waste and creating an artificial island
information structure and (2) fixing broken items so they can be used again. What are some
in your response positive and negative aspects of each of these solutions?
to Activity D.
2. Do you think governments or regular people are more effective at disposing
of trash or finding ways to turn it into treasure? Why?

A suffix is an ending that is added to a root word. There are several suffixes that
form nouns. Some of them indicate people or concrete objects or things, and
others indicate more abstract nouns. The Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
for learners of English has a list of suffixes with their meanings and uses.
Understanding the meaning of suffixes will help you build your vocabulary by
giving you clues to the meaning and function of new words.

Noun suffixes · Suffix meaning Examples

-ation, -tion an action or process, or the conservation, production

result of it

-er/-or a person or thing that manufacturer, editor

-ist a person who does or believes ecotourist

in something

-ty, -ity the quality or state of biodiversity, clarity

-ment the action or result of agreement

178 UNIT 6 I How can we turn trash into treasure?

 A. Complete the chart with the correct form of each noun by using the most
appropriate suffix from the skill box. Use your dictionary to help you.

1. incinerate incineration incinerator

2. present
3. fertilize

4. invest

5. invent

B. Read the paragraph. Write the correct noun form of each word to
complete the sentence.

Waste disposal is a big issue all around the world. Many countries have
created new __ r�e......g�u�la�t�io_n_s__ (regulate) about recycling that encourage
1
________ (retail) and ________ (manufacture)
2 3

to recycle their waste. This recycling keeps waste materials from being
burned in ________ (incinerate) or dumped into landfills. The
4

________ (eliminate) of a large amount of garbage helps to

5

protect the environment and the __ _____ (pure) of nearby lakes

6

and rivers. Many of these retail and manufacturing companies have now
started working with people such as ________ (environmental)
7

to think of more ways to lower the amount of waste they produce. Also,
________ (invest) are putting their money into recycling
8

companies. With the increase in environmental awareness around the world,

their ________ (invest) are starting to make a profit. As greater
9

numbers of ________ (corporate) become aware of the importance

10

of recycling, recycling programs are sure to become more popular.

iQ1,1m!§f◄
j C. Go online for more practice with suffixes.

� I Reading and Writing 179