Experiment No: 2A

Experiment Name: Continuous time and Discrete time representation of signals.

Objectives

• To represent (plot) basic signals (sine, cosine, sine, unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp, exponential
signal) in MATLAB.
• To generate noise signal in MATLAB.

Programming, Analysis and Result:

Practice problem-1: Using subplot option divide a plot into four subplots (2X2). Show the signals in
subplot as stated below Programming

Subplot-1:

subplot(2,2,1)
F47=11; %(M+N)=4+7=11
Fs47=48; %(M*5+N*3+L)=(4*5+7*3+7)=48
T47=1/Fs47;
duration47=5.5;%(M/2+N/4)=(4/2+7/4)=5.5
t47=0:T47:duration47;
A47=2.2;%(7+4+7)/5=2.2
y=A47*sin(2*pi*F47*t47);
plot(t47,y)
title('A Continuous Plot of Sine Wave by ET73047');
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')

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Subplot

F1=14; % (L+N)=(7+7)=14
F2=11; %(L+M)=(7+4)=11
duration47=2.75;%(M+N)/4)=(4+7)/4=2.75
Fs47=43; %(7*3+7*2+4*2)=43
T47=1/Fs47;
t47=0:T47:duration47;
n=t47/T47

n = 1×119
0 1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 6.0000 7.0000

y=sin(2*pi*F1*t47)+sin(2*pi*F2*t47);
stem(n,y)
title('A Discrete Plot by ET173047')
xlabel('Sample')
ylabel('Amplitude')

Subplot-3

subplot(2,2,3)
F47=4; % (A+B+C)=(1+3+0)=4
Fs47=49; %(L*3+N*4)=(7*3+7*4)=49
T47=1/Fs47;

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 duration47=2.75;%((M+N)/4)=(4+7)/4=2.75
A47=2.2; %(7+4+7)/5=2.2
t47=0:T47:duration47;
n=t47/T47

n = 1×135
0 1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 6.0000 7.0000

y = A47*cos(2*pi*F47*t47)

y = 1×135
2.2000 1.9169 1.1405 0.0705 -1.0176 -1.8438 -2.1955 -1.9821

scatter(n,y)
title('A Discrete Plot of Cos Wave by ET173047')
xlabel('sample')
ylabel('Amplitude')

Subplot-4

subplot(2,2,4)
F47=2; % (A+B+C)=(1+3+0)=4
Fs47=49; %(L*3+N*4)=(7*3+7*4)=49
T47=1/Fs47;
t47=-11:T47:11; %duration –(M+N)=-(4+7)=-11 to (M+N)=(4+7)=11
n=t47/T47

n = 1×1079
-539.0000 -538.0000 -537.0000 -536.0000 -535.0000 -534.0000 -533.0000 -532.0000

A47=4; %(7+4+7)/5=2.2
y=A47*sinc(2*pi*F47*t47)

y = 1×1079
0.0061 -0.0008 -0.0072 -0.0092 -0.0056 0.0015 0.0077 0.0091

stem(n,y)
title('A Discrete Plot of Sinc Function by ET173047')
xlabel('sample')
ylabel('Amplitude')

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Analysis: For Subplot:1 Amplitude=2, Frequency=11Hz, Sampling Rate Fs=48Hz, so the Time interval
T=1/48, and our duration is o to 5.5s. For time vector I declare t47=0:T47:duration47 and for y vector
y=A47*sin(2*pi*F47*t47). Here in the question, it asked to plot a continuous plot of sine wave. That’s why
I use the “plot” command where Time t47 is our x axis value and y is our Amplitude or y axis value. Which
finally provides a sinusoidal continuous plot.

For Subplot:2

F1=14Hz, F2=11Hz, Duration46= 0 to 5.5s, sampling rate Fs=48. So, the Time interval T47=1/48. Now time
vector t=0:T47:duration47. In the question it asked to show the amplitude with respect to sample position. So,
sample position n=t47/T47. As we can see we need to plot a discrete plot. That’s why I use “stem” command
to plot this where Sample position is our x axis value and y is our Amplitude or y axis value. Which finally
provides a discrete plot.

For Subplot:3

Amplitude=2, Frequency=4Hz, Sampling Rate Fs47=49Hz, so the Time interval T=1/47, and our duration
is o to 5.5s. For time vector t47=0:T47:duration47 and for y vector y=A*cos(2*pi*F47*t47). In the question it
is asked to show the amplitude with respect to sample position. So, Sample Position n=t47/T47. Here in the
question, it asks to plot a scatter plot of Cosine wave. That’s why I use “scatter” command where n is our x
axis value and y is our amplitude which finally provides a discrete plot of Cosine wave.

For Subplot:4

Amplitude A=2, Frequency F47=4Hz, Sampling rate Fs47=49Hz, so time interval T=1/47, and our duration is
-11 to 11s. For time vector I declare t47= -11:T47:11 and for y vector y=A*sinc(2*pi*F47*t47). In the question
it is asked to show the amplitude with respect to sample position. So, sample position n=t47/T47. As we can

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see we need to plot a discrete plot. That’s why I use “stem” command to plot this where n is our x axis value
and y is our amplitude which finally provides a discrete plot of sinc function.

Practice problem-2: Using subplot option divide a plot into three subplots (3X1). Show the signals in subplot
as stated below

Programming:

Subplot-1

subplot(3,1,1)
a47=-11; %-(L+M)=-(7+4)=-11
b47=14; %(L+N)=(7+7)=14
n=a47:b47;
y47=[zeros(1,abs(a47)),ones(1,1),zeros(1,b47)];
stem(n,y47);
title('Unit Sample Sequence of ET173047');
xlabel('Sample position');
ylabel('Amplitude');

Subplot-2

subplot(3,1,2)
a47=-11; %-(L+M)=-(7+4)=-11
b47=14; %(L+N)=(7+7)=14
n=a47:b47;

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 y47=[zeros(1,abs(a47)),ones(1,1),ones(1,b47)];
stem(n,y47);
title('Unit step Sequence of ET173047');
xlabel('Sample position');
ylabel('Amplitude');

Subplot-3

subplot(3,1,3)
n=0:11; %(L+M+N)=(7+4+7)=11
y47=n;
stem(n,y47);
title('Unit Ramp Sequence of ET173047');
xlabel('Sample Position');
ylabel('Amplitude');

Analysis:

For Subplot:1 Here for Unit Impulse signal my sample position ‘n’ is -11 to 14. So, I use zeros and ones
function to show the amplitude of this signal. As from question to make discrete plot I use “stem” command
where Sample position n is our x axis value and y is our Amplitude or y axis value.

For Subplot:2

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Here for Unit Step signal my sample position ‘n’ is -11 to 14. So, I use zeros and ones function to show the
amplitude of this signal. I use “stem” command to show discrete output of this signal where Sample position n
is our x axis value and y is our Amplitude or y axis value.

For Subplot:3

Here for Unit Ramp Sequence, my sample position ‘n’ is 0 to 11. This signal amplitude will rise with its
sample position. For this reason I use “y=n”. Which mean its current amplitude will be its current sample
position. I use “stem” command to show discrete output of this signal.

Practice Problem-3: Using subplot option divide a plot into four subplots (2X2). Show the signals in subplot
as stated below

Programming:

Subplot-1:

subplot(2,2,1)
a47=0.916; %a=(M+N)/(M+N+1)=(4+7)/(4+7+1)=11/12=0.9166
n=0:200; %(L+M+N)*10=(7+4+7)*10=18*10=180
y=a47.^n;
stem(n,y);
title('Subplot 2 of ET173047');
xlabel('Sample Position');
ylabel('Amplitude');

Subplot-2:

subplot(2,2,2)
a47=1.09; %a=(M+N+1)/(M+N)=(4+7+1)/(4+7)=12/11=1.09
n=0:180; %(L+M+N)*10=(7+4+7)*10=18*10=180
y=a47.^n;
stem(n,y);
title('Subplot 2 of ET173047');
xlabel('Sample Position');
ylabel('Amplitude');

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Subplot-3:

subplot(2,2,3)
a47=0.916; %a=-(M+N)/(M+N+5)=-(4+7)/(4+7+5)=-11/16=-0.6875
n=0:180; %(L+M+N)*10=(7+4+7)*10=18*10=180
y=a47.^n;
stem(n,y);
title('Subplot 2 of ET173047');
xlabel('Sample Position');
ylabel('Amplitude');

Subplot-4:

subplot(2,2,4)
a47=-0.6875; %a=-(M+N+L)/(M+N)=-(4+7+9)/(4+7)=-20/11=-1.818
n=0:200; %(L+M+N)*10=(7+4+7)*10=18*10=180
y=a47.^n;
stem(n,y);
title('Subplot 3');
xlabel('Sample Position of ET173047');
ylabel('Amplitude')

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Analysis:

For Subplot:1

Here For the 1st exponential sequence, amplitude is 0.916 and sample position is 0 to 180. So, its full fill the
0<a<1 condition for all ‘n’. Which mean this will be an exponential decay sequence and to plot it I use “stem”
command.

For Subplot:2

Here For the 1st exponential sequence, amplitude is 1.09 and sample position is 0 to 200. . So, its full fill the

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