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Simple Harmonic Motion

Simple harmonic motion is periodic motion produced by a restoring force proportional to and opposite of displacement. It includes oscillations of a spring and a pendulum where the restoring force is proportional to displacement. The motion can be described by equations and the system exchanges kinetic and potential energy periodically with the total energy remaining constant.

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RISETIA GAMING
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15 views10 pages

Simple Harmonic Motion

Simple harmonic motion is periodic motion produced by a restoring force proportional to and opposite of displacement. It includes oscillations of a spring and a pendulum where the restoring force is proportional to displacement. The motion can be described by equations and the system exchanges kinetic and potential energy periodically with the total energy remaining constant.

Uploaded by

RISETIA GAMING
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Simple Harmonic Motion

Wenny Maulina
Simple harmonic motion
 Simple harmonic motion (SHM)
• Solution: f=/(2p)

x(t )  A cos(t   ) Acos

• What is SHM? t=-/ t=0


A simple harmonic motion is the motion
0; 20 ; 30
of an oscillating system which satisfies
the following condition:

1. Motion is about an equilibrium position


at which point no net force acts on the
system.
2. The restoring force is proportional to
and oppositely directed to the
displacement.
3. Motion is periodic. By Dr. Dan Russell, Kettering University
Simple Harmonic Motion, SHM
Simple harmonic motion is periodic motion in the absence
of friction and produced by a restoring force that is directly
proportional to the displacement and oppositely directed.

A restoring force, F, acts in the


direction opposite the
displacement of the oscillating
x F
body.

F = -kx
Oscillations of a Spring
Hooke’s Law states Fs = -kx
Fs is the restoring force.
It is always directed
toward the equilibrium
position.
Therefore, it is always
opposite the
displacement from
equilibrium.
k is the force (spring)
constant.
x is the displacement.
Oscillations of a Spring
k m

F=-kx

x x

F=-kx

Equation of Motion :
d2x
m 2  -kx
dt
k
a simple solution : x  A sin ωt, where ω 
m
A : amplitude (maximum displacement)
ω : angular frequency
Energy in SHM

• The fact that the velocity is zero at maximum displacement in


simple harmonic motion and is a maximum at zero
displacement illustrates the important concept of an
exchange between kinetic and potential energy.
• If no energy is dissipated then all the potential energy
becomes kinetic energy and vice versa, so that the values of
(a) the total energy at any time, (b) the maximum potential
energy and (c) the maximum kinetic energy will all be equal;
that is
E  K U
Energy in SHM
dU
 Energy conservation Fs  -kx  -
dx
E  K U 1 2
U  U  - Fs dx  kx
x
 Energy conservation in a SHM 0 2
1 2 1 2
K  mv ; U  kx No friction
2 2

1 2 1 2
E  mv  kx  const.
2 2
BTW:
1 2 1 2 1 2
kA  mv  kx  E
2 2 2
2

v
k 2
m
(
A - x2 )
Energy in SHM

 Energy conservation in a SHM


1 2 1 2
E  mv  kx  const.
2 2

kinetic energy
E
energy

energy

distance from equilibrium point


Time
potential energy
Energy in SHM

This graph shows the potential energy


function of a spring. The total energy is
constant.
Simple Pendulum
Displacement : x = L θ
Returning force : F = - mg sin θ
Newton Law : F = m d2θ/dt2

𝜃3 𝜃5
Taylor series ∶ sin 𝜃 = 𝜃 − + −⋯
3! 5!

Small oscillation approximation : sin θ ≈ θ


Acceleration : d2θ/dt2 = - (g/L) x

Solutions : Y = A sin t , where 2 = g/L


Y = A cos t
Y = A eit

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