PHRASE

Submitted to fulfill the task of Basic Structure

Lecture : Balqis Wandira, M.Hum

Directed By:

Group 10:

 Nadila Adelia Putri (0304222108)

 Hawa Alfina Salsabila (0304222070)

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHING TRAINING

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

MEDAN

2022

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 PHRASE

A. DEFINITION OF PHRASE

Phrase is a group of words in a sentence that does not have a subject nor a verb.
A phrase cannot express a complete thought on its own because it lacks a subject and a
verb. A phrase is composed of a head, also known as a headword, which defines the
grammatical nature the unit will assume and a single or multiple optional modifiers.

1. Modifiers

The composition of the phrase itself consists of a modifier that functions to

explain and a head that functions as an explanation. The structure of the modifier is
divided into two, namely:

a. Premodifier

The modifier is located before the head, in this situation:

 Handsome boy
 Nice Place
 Beautiful garden

Head : boy, place, garden.

b. Postmodifier

The modifier is located after the head, in this situation:

 Walk fast
 Love hard
 Run quick

Head : walk, love, run

B. FUNCTION OF PHRASE

Phrase function as complementary information to make a sentence more ‘alive’

and meaningful. So, the phrase acts as a complement which provides additional

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information from what is done by the subject or the complement of the verb.

C. TYPES OF PHRASE

There are 9 types of phrases that we can learn in english. The types of phrases
include noun phrases, verb phrases, adjectival phrases, adverbial phrases, prepositional
phrases, infinitive phrases, participle phrases, gerund phrases, interjectional phrases.

1. Noun Phrase

A noun phrase is a phrase consisting of a noun and all of its modifiers, usually
determiners and modifiers. As the name implies, a noun phrase will make a noun the
main word and then other words can appear before or after the noun. Noun phrases can
act as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence.

 Noun phrase as objects

They rent a huge beautiful house
 Noun phrase as subject
A woman in the window shouted for help

2. Verb Phrase

A verb phrase is a group of words in English consisting of two or more words,

which do not involve subject and predicate elements. In verb phrases, two grammar
rules apply, namely traditional grammar and generative grammar. If in traditional
grammar, a verb phrase is a group of words in the form of a main verb and auxiliary
verb.

In generative grammar, a verb phrase is a predicate, namely the main verb and
all the elements that complement the generative grammar. The complementary
elements are auxiliary verbs, complement or sentence objects, and/or meaning
modifiers, but do not include the subject of the sentence

Supporting component of the verb phrase

 Main verb, is a verb in general, or the main verb which is the core of the verb
phrase.

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  Auxiliary verbs, auxiliary verbs which include, is, am, are, was, were, has,
have, had, and been.
 Modal auxiliary verbs are a family of auxiliary verbs that can change meaning,
including can, may, must, could, will, would, shall, should, might, ought to, and
better.
 Present participle, includes verbs that end in -ing.
 Past participle, is a past tense verb, can be used as a past participle or passive
voice.
 Be
 Do and did

a. Traditional grammar

Verb phrases, composed of groups of words (phrases) in the form of main verbs
and auxiliary verbs. So it is formulated with: traditional grammar = +/- auxiliary verb
+ main verb.

Example : She is trying so hard

b. Generative Grammer

Verb phrases are composed of main verbs, auxiliary verbs or auxiliary verbs,
meaning changers or modifiers in the form of adverbs, adjectives, or others, as well as
complements in the form of sentence objects. So it is formulated with : generative
grammar : =/- auxiliary verb + main verb =/- complement =/- modifier

Example : She is trying so hard

3. Adjective Phrase

Adjective phrase is a group of words led by adjectives, where the adjectives will
change or modify (provide additional information) of a noun or pronoun. An adjective
in an adjective phrase can appear at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence and can
be used before or after the subject or object.

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Example :

 Jeno has noticeably evil eyes

 Jay is a man of friendly nature

4. Adverbial Phrase

An adverbial phrase is a group of words that have the same impact as an adverb.
Adverbial phrases can modify a verb, adjective, adverb, clause or an entire sentence.
Adverbial phrases make a sentence more interesting and exciting. They tell us how
(manner), when (time), where (place), why (reason) and how long (this is another type
of adverbial phrase of time).

Example :

 With a smiling face he accepted the award

 Willy like to sleep on his master’s bed
 For eight years, Kenan waited for a rescue ship
 He would not do a bungee jump because of the danger

5. Prepositional Phrase

Prepsitional phrase is a combination of two or more words that provide

information about a place, time, or condition. This phrase usually begins with a
preposition ( to, of, about, at, before, after, by, behind, during, for, from, in, over,
under, with ) and is followed by the object of preposition which can be a noun and a
pronoun. Sentence patterns that have this phrase: Preposition + Modifier + Noun,
pronoun, Gerund, or Clause.

Example :

 The girl with the blue hair is funny

 The concert will be held in the city park
 All speak at the same time

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6. Infinitive Phrase

An infinitive consists of the word “to” plus a verb ("to be," "to have," "to
run," "to buy" etc); it may be used as a noun, adjective or adverb. An infinitive
phrase is a group of words consisting of an infinitive, a modifier or the use of pronouns,
direct objects, indirect objects or complements of action or state expressed in the
infinitive.

 An infinitive phrase uses an infinitive plus a modifier, object, complement or

actor. There can be more than one of these and they may not all be present in
the phrase.
 Infinitive phrases only require a comma when used as an adverb at the
beginning of the sentence.

Examples:

“To wait seemed foolish when decisive action was needed.” –subject

“Everyone wanted to go.” –direct object

7. Participle Phrase

A participle phrase is a group of words containing a participle, modifier, and

pronoun or noun phrases. The Pronoun/Noun will act the recipient of the action in the
phrase. You need a comma after a Participle Phrase if it comes at the beginning of a
sentence and the following phrase is a complete sentence. If the Participle Phrase is in
the middle or at the end of a sentence, you do not need a comma.

Participle Phrase + Comma + Whole Sentence

 Example : Removing his coat, Jack rushed to the river

 Present Participle (removing) + Whole Sentence (Subject : Jack, Verb :
rushed)

The participle phrase in this sentence is removing his coat, which is at the beginning
of the sentence with a whole sentence following it so a comma is needed.

Whole Sentence + Participle Phrase

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  Example: Alana noticed her cousin walking along the shoreline.
 Subject (Alana) + Verb (noticed) + Present Participle (walking)

The participle phrase in this sentence is walking along the shoreline, which is at the
end of the sentence so a comma is not needed.

8. Gerund Phrase

Gerund Phrase is a phrase whose head is a gerund (v-ing which is objectified).

Gerund functions as a noun and can place a subject and or object. The Phrase Pattern is
as follows.

Head ( Gerund ) + Modifier ( of Gerund )

Example : Drinking Coffee is nice

“Drinking Coffee” is a gerund phrase that also acts as a subject and “is” acts as a
verb and “nice” acts as a adjective.

9. Interjectional Phrase

nterjection phrase (exclamatory phrase) exclamatory phrase is a sentence that

begins with an exclamatory word, and this word is also marked with an exclamation
point (!) at the end of the sentence. Exclamatory is used to express admiration for
something or someone.

Exclamation is divided into two, namely:

1. How (alangkah)

2. What (sungguh)

Formula:

How + Adjective or Adverb

Example : How amazing!

What + a/an + Adjective + Noun (singular)

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Example : What a handsome boy Gavi is!

What + Adjective + Noun (plural)

Example : What Expensive the bike is!

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 REFERENCES

https://www.twinkl.co.id/teaching-wiki/adverbial-phrase

https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/belajar-grammar/prepositional-phrase/

https://www.kampunginggris.id/prepositional-phrase

https://www.yec.co.id/inggris/pengertian-fungsi-jenis-contoh-dan-latihan-soal-
frasa-phrase-sederhana-part-2/

https://kampunginggris.co/pengertian-participle-phrase/

https://www.esu.edu/writing-studio/guides/participles.cfm

https://nmu.edu/writingcenter/infinitive-phrase

https://www.hanibi.com/2013/06/exclamatory-sentences-with-what-and-how

https://www.gramedia.com/literasi/verb-phrase/

https://7esl.com/phrase/

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