Adama Science and Technology University

School of Electrical Engineering and Computing

Department of Electrical Power and Control Engineering
2nd Year UG Regular Program
Fundamental of Electrical Engineering (EPCE 2101): Final Exam
Date: March 20, 2023 Maximum Marks:50pt Time Allotted: 3:00 Hours
**********************************************************
Name:
ID No.: ANSWER KEY
Section:

Instructions:
1. Switch off your mobile phone.
2. Answer must be straight forward to the question and neat hand writing is worthy.
3. Check whether the exam paper has total of 12-questions in 3-parts.
4. Do not use any extra paper and use both sides of answer sheet if necessary.
5. Use blue / black pen only, do not use pencil and any other color pen.
6. If there is any cheating case it will be F grade.

For instructor use only

Part-I ` Part-II Part-III Total
Q. No. 1-5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 50%
Marks 5 4 4 6 8 7 7 9
Score A ANSWER KEY

Good luck
Part-I: Answer the following multiple-choice questions by circling the letters

1) Which of the following statement is false about super mesh?

a. A super mesh requires the application of both KCL and KVL
b. It has no current of its own
c. A super mesh does not have its own voltage
d. None
Vo
2) Find the transfer function of the RC circuit in Figure below
Vi

1 R
a. c.
1+ jRC 1+ jC
jRC R
b. d.
1+ jRC R − jC
3) The difference between the half-power frequencies is called the:
A. Quality factor
B. Bandwidth
C. Resonant factor
D. Resonant frequency
4) Which one of the following is true?
A. Resistor absorbs reactive power.
B. The average power absorbed by an inductor is zero.
C. The reactive power absorbed by a capacitor is zero.
D. The apparent power is equal to the real power in purely inductive circuit.
E. A and D.

5) Which one of the following is true for magnetically coupled coils?

A. The two coils are always physically connected.
B. The magnetic field generated by one coil affect the other coil.
 C. Self-inductance relates the voltage induced in a coil to a time-varying current of
the neighboring coil.
D. Mutual inductance is the ability of an inductor to induce a voltage across a
neighboring inductor.
E. B and D.

Answer for multiple choices ( 1 point each)

1. C 2.B 3. B 4. B 5. E

Part-II: Briefly explain the following questions accordingly

6) Explain clearly the difference between self and mutual inductance with neat diagrams.(4
pts)
Answer:

Self inductance Mutual inductance

1. The phenomenon of the mutual induction

1. In the same coil emf produces through the coil
changes in the current or magnetic flux link
to changes current flow known as self-
with two coils an opposing electromotive
inductance.
force produced across each coil.
2. The characteristics of a coil itself is the
2. The characteristics pairs of coils is the
self-inductance.
mutual inductance.
3. When the main current in the coil decreases,
3. When the main current in the coils decreases,
the induced current opposes the decay of
the induced current developed in the
current in the coil.
neighboring coil opposes the decay of the
4. When the main current in the coil increases current in the coil.
the induced current opposes the decay of
4. The main current in the coil increases, the
current in the coil.
induced current developed in the
5. Relation of the self-inductance is: neighboring coil opposes the growth of
current in the coil.
Φ = LI
5. The relation of the mutual inductance is:
6. Formula of the self-inductance
= MI.
is: L=N Φ/I
6. Formula of the mutual inductance is :
7) Find the amplitude, phase, period, and frequency of the sinusoid
V (t) = 12cos (50t +100) (5 pts)
Answer: (1 mark) each
Amplitude, Vm:12 v
Phase, ϕ=100,
Period, T=2п /ω =0.1257sec, Angular Frequency, ω =50rad/s,
Frequency f=1 /T = 7.958 Hz
8) A) What is electromagnetism? (2 pts)
Answer:
The electromagnetic force is a type of physical interaction that occurs between
electrically charged particles. It acts between charged particles and is the combination of
all magnetic and electrical forces. The electromagnetic force can be attractive or
repulsive.
OR
Electromagnetism is a process where a magnetic field is created by introducing the
current in the conductor. When a conductor is electrically charged it generates magnetic
lines. For example, if current i.e., positive charges move in a wire, it produces the
magnetic field along the wire, and the direction of magnetic lines and force can be
determined using Right-hand Rule.

B) Explain the main difference between permanent magnet and electromagnet (2

pts)
Answer:
Electromagnets are distinguished from permanent magnets by their ability to generate
magnetic fields when electric current flows through them. In contrast, permanent magnets
are as the name suggests, permanently magnetized. They do not need an electric current to
generate magnetism.
Part-III: Show the necessary steps for the following workout questions

9) Find i(t) in the circuit of Figure below for t>0. Assume that the switch has been closed
for a long time. (4 pts)

Solution:
When 𝑡 < 0, the 3 − Ω resistor is short-circuited, and the inductor acts like a short
circuit. The current through the inductor at 𝑡 = 0−(i.e., just before 𝑡 = 0 ) is
10
𝑖(0−) = =5A
2 1
Because the inductor current cannot change instantaneously,

𝑖(0) = 𝑖(0+) = 𝑖(0−) = 5 A

When 𝑡 > 0, the switch is open. The 2 - and 3 − Ω resistors are in series, so that
10
𝑖(∞) = =2A 1
2+3

The Thevenin resistance across the inductor terminals is

𝑅Th = 2 + 3 = 5Ω

For the time constant,

1
𝐿 1
𝜏= =3= s 1
𝑅n 5 15

Thus.

𝑖(𝑡) = 𝑖(∞) + [𝑖(0) − 𝑖(∞)]𝑒−𝑖/𝑡

= 2 + (5 − 2)𝑒−15𝑡 = 2 + 3𝑒−15𝑡 A, 𝑡 > 0 1
10) For a load, Vrms = 11085 V, Irms = 40015 mA. Determine: (12 Points)
Solution:

(a) the complex and apparent powers, (3 Points)

Solution:
Complex power

S =(11085V )(40015mA)

S = ((44cos 70) + ( j44sin 70))VA 2

S =(15.048 + j41.346)VA
Apparent Power

S= 1

(b) the real and reactive powers, (3 Points)

Solution:
Real power
P = Re S  = 15.048W 1.5
Reactive power
Q = Im S  = 41.346VAR 1.5

(c) the power factor and the load impedance, and (3 Points)
Power factor
P
Cos = Cos(70) = = 0.342lagging
S 1.5
Because Q >0 its lagging.

Vrms 11085V
Z= = = 27570
Irms 40015mA
Z = 27570 = (94.05+ j258.415)
1.5

(d) the value of the parallel capacitance added to increase the power factor to 0.95
lagging (if f=60Hz). (3 Points)
1 = 70, cos 2 = 0.95, 2 = cos−1(0.95) = 18.2

P(tan1−tan 2) 15.048(2.75 − 0.33)

C= =
2 fVrms2 2 (60)(110)2

C = 7.9873F 3
 11) Using mesh analysis, obtain Io in the circuit shown in figure below.(8 pts)

Solution

Clearly,

𝐈1 = 2

For mesh 2,

(2 − j4)𝐈2 − 2𝐈1 + j4𝐈4 + 10∠90∘ = 0

1.5
Substitute (1) into (2) to get

(1 − j2)𝐈2 + j2𝐈4 = 2 − j5
For the super mesh,

(1 + j2)𝐈3 − j2𝐈1 + (1 − j4)𝐈4 + j4𝐈2 = 0

j4𝐈2 + (1 + j2)𝐈3 + (1 − j4)𝐈4 = j4 1.5

At node A,

𝐈3 = 𝐈4 − 4

Substituting (4) into (3) gives

j2𝐈2 + (1 − j)𝐈4 = 2(1 + j3) 1

From (2) and (5),

1 − j2 j2 ] [𝐈2] = 2 − j5
[ [ ]
j2 1 − j 𝐈4 2 + j6 1
Δ = 3 − j3,
Δ1 = 9 − j11−Δ −(9 − j11) 1
1
𝐈 = −𝐈 = =
o 2
= (−10 + j)
Δ 3 − j3 3
𝐈∘ = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟓∠𝟏𝟕𝟒. 𝟑 𝐀 ∘
2

12) Find current I and draw the impedance and phasor diagrams in the circuit of Fig below,
when Vs(t) = 500 cos 240t V.(8 pts)
 𝑣𝑠(𝑡) = 500cos 200𝑡 ⟶ 𝑉𝑠 = 500 < 0∘, 𝜔 = 240
1 1
5𝑚𝐹 ⟶ = = −0.833 𝑗 2
𝑗𝜔𝐶 𝑗240 × 5 × 10−3
20mH ⟶ 𝑗𝜔𝐿 = 𝑗20 × 10−3 × 240 = 𝑗4.8
𝑍in = 10 − 𝑗0.8 + 𝑗4.8 = 10 + 𝑗3.967
𝑉𝑠 500 < 0
∘
𝐼= = = 46.477 < −21.64∘
𝑍in 10 + 𝑗4 2
𝑖(𝑡) = 46.42cos(240𝑡 − 21.64∘)A
Impedance diagram
+j

X=3.967 Zt=10.758
21.64° 2

Real

R= 10

-j
Phasor diagram
+j

Vs Real
2

21.64°

Is
-j