Java

Database Connectivity
(JDBC)

Prepared by : Elen T. Capariño

JDBC

 JDBC is a standard interface for connecting to

relational databases from Java.
 The JDBC classes and interfaces are in the
java.sql package.
 JDBC 1.22 is part of JDK 1.1; JDBC 2.0 is part of
Java 2
Overview of Querying a Database With JDBC

Connect

Query

Process
results

Close
Stage 1: Connect

Connect Register the driver

Query Connect to the database

Process
results

Close
A JDBC Driver
 Is an interpreter that translates JDBC
method calls to vendor-specific database
commands

Database
JDBC calls commands
Driver
Database

 Implements interfaces in java.sql

 Can also provide a vendor’s extensions to
the JDBC standard
About JDBC URLs
 JDBC uses a URL to identify the database
connection.
jdbc:<subprotocol>:<subname>

Database
Protocol Subprotocol
identifier

jdbc:oracle:<driver>:@<database>

Example: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/
How to Make the Connection
1. Load JDBC Driver
Class.forName(driver);

Class.forName(driver);
// or
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

2. Connect to the database

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection
(URL, userid, password);

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection

(url + dbName, userName, password);
Example of establishing a connection
Stage 2: Query

Connect

Query Create a statement

Process Query the database

results

Close
The Statement Object
 A Statement object sends your SQL
statement to the database.
 You need an active connection to create
a JDBC statement.
 Statement has three methods to execute
a SQL statement:
– executeQuery() for QUERY
statements
– executeUpdate() for INSERT,
UPDATE, DELETE, or DDL
statements
– execute() for either type of statement
How to Query the Database

1. Create an empty statement object.

Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

2. Execute the statement.

ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery(statement);
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(statement);
boolean isquery = stmt.execute(statement);
Querying the Database: Examples
 Execute a select statement.
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery
("select RENTAL_ID, STATUS from ACME_RENTALS");

• Execute a delete statement.

Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
int rowcount = stmt.executeUpdate
("delete from ACME_RENTAL_ITEMS where rental_id = 1011");
Stage 3: Process the Results

Connect

Query
Step through the results

Process Assign results to Java

results variables

Close
The ResultSet Object
 JDBC returns the results of a query in a
ResultSet object.
 A ResultSet maintains a cursor pointing to
its current row of data.
 Use next() to step through the result set
row by row.
 getString(), getInt(), and so on assign
each value to a Java variable..
How to Process the Results
 1. Step through the result set.

while (rset.next()) { … }

 2. Use getXXX() to get each column value.

String val = String val =

rset.getString(colname); rset.getString(colIndex);

while (rset.next()) {
String title = rset.getString("TITLE");
String year = rset.getString("YEAR");
… // Process or display the data
}
How to Handle SQL Null Values
 Java primitive types cannot have null
values.
 Do not use a primitive type when your
query might return an SQL null.
 Use ResultSet.wasNull() to determine
whether a column has a null value.
while (rset.next()) {
String year = rset.getString("YEAR");
if (rset.wasNull() {
… // Handle null value
}
…}
Mapping Database Types to Java Types
 ResultSet maps database types to
Java types.
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery
("select RENTAL_ID, RENTAL_DATE, STATUS
from ACME_RENTALS");

int id = rset.getInt(1);
Date rentaldate = rset.getDate(2);
String status = rset.getString(3);
Col Name Type

RENTAL_ID NUMBER

RENTAL_DATE DATE

STATUS VARCHAR2
Stage 4: Close

Connect

Query
Close the result set

Process
results Close the statement

Close Close the connection

How to Close the Connection
1. Close the ResultSet object.
rset.close();

2. Close the Statement object.

stmt.close();

3. Close the connection (not necessary

for server-side driver).
conn.close();
The PreparedStatement Object

• A PreparedStatement object
holds precompiled SQL statements.
• Use this object for statements you want
to execute more than once.
• A prepared statement can contain
variables that you supply each time
you execute the statement.
How to Create a Prepared Statement
1.Register the driver and create the database
connection.
2.Create the prepared statement, identifying
variables with a question mark (?).

PreparedStatement pstmt =
conn.prepareStatement("update ACME_RENTALS
set STATUS = ? where RENTAL_ID = ?");

PreparedStatement pstmt =
conn.prepareStatement("select STATUS from
ACME_RENTALS where RENTAL_ID = ?");
 How to Create a Prepared Statement
1.Register the driver and create the
database connection.
2.Create the prepared statement,
identifying variables with a question
mark (?).
Example :
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement
("select STATUS from ACME_RENTALS where RENTAL_ID = ?");

PreparedStatement ps = null;
ps = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO tbl_product (key_product, key_category,
fld_product_name, fld_inventory_qty, fld_unit_price) “ + "values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)");
How to Execute a Prepared Statement
1. Supply values for the variables.
pstmt.setXXX(index, value);

2. Execute the statement.

pstmt.executeQuery();
pstmt.executeUpdate();

Example : ps.setLong(1, product.getKey_product());

ps.setLong(2, product.getKey_category());
ps.setString(3, product.getFld_product_name());
ps.setInt(4, product.getFld_inventory_qty());
ps.setInt(5, (int) product.getFld_unit_price());

ps.executeUpdate();
A Simple JDBC Program…