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Lecture 1 - Internet WWW

The document discusses the history of the internet from the 1940s to present day. It covers the development of early computer networks started by universities and the Department of Defense, the creation of ARPANET and how it led to the modern internet. The document also defines key internet concepts like TCP/IP, the world wide web, intranets, IP addresses and domains.

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19 views25 pages

Lecture 1 - Internet WWW

The document discusses the history of the internet from the 1940s to present day. It covers the development of early computer networks started by universities and the Department of Defense, the creation of ARPANET and how it led to the modern internet. The document also defines key internet concepts like TCP/IP, the world wide web, intranets, IP addresses and domains.

Uploaded by

imannurumairah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSC317 INTERNET PROGRAMMING

Computer Science Department


Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences
TOPICS

▪ Introduction to the Internet and the World


Wide Web
▪ HTML
▪ Client-side scripting – using Javascript
▪ Server-side scripting – using Active Server
Pages and Javascript
▪ Current technologies
CHAPTER 1
THE INTERNET & THE WORLD
WIDE WEB
▪ Brief History of the Internet
▪ 1940’s
Big computers. Contain vacuum tube.
▪ 1960’s
Computer size has shrunk.
Computer network is maintained by the
Universities.
Computer network is used by Department
of Defense (DoD).
▪ 1969
Department of Defense created first
functioning Internet.
🢭 Only has four networked computers connecting UCLA,
UC Santa Barbara, University of Utah and Stanford
Research Institute.
🢭 Called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network)
🢭 The purpose of the creation was to maintain
communication in the event of nuclear war.
▪ 1970s
ARPANET gradually expanded. By 1984 it reached 1000
hosts.
▪ 1980s
NSFNET (National Science Foundation) was created in
1986.
Connect computers and engineering research.
Expanded rapidly, by 1990 it has 100,000 hosts.
▪ 1990
NSFNET replaced ARPANET as Internet
Backbone (the main network line)
▪ 1992
World Wide Web (WWW) appeared. It was
created by Tim Berners-Lee
Internet

▪ The Internet is a global interconnected


computer networks that use the standardized
Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is a
network of networks that consists of millions
of private and public, academic, business, and
government networks of local to global scope
that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic
cables, wireless connections, and other
technologies.
The Inter-network is a big network of networks.
The five-layer networking model for the internet.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol)

▪ protocol that is used to enable


communication on the Internet.
▪ coordinate the addresses of all the computers
on the Internet and the away resources are
passed around
Internet

▪ Internet is mainly built on client and server


technology. In this concept, we have a
number of computers that houses
information that users can access via their
computers. The computers that house the
information is known as server while the
user’s pc that access the server’s information
is known as client.
Internet

▪ The Internet carries a vast array of


information resources and services, most
notably, the inter-linked hypertext
documents of the World Wide Web (WWW)
and the infrastructure to support electronic
mail, in addition to popular services such as
online chat, file transfer and file sharing,
online gaming, and Voice over Internet
Protocol (VoIP) person-to-person
communication via voice and video.
Internet Vs WWW

(SMTP)

(HTTP)
The World Wide Web

▪ The World Wide Web (commonly


abbreviated as the "Web") is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed via
the Internet. With a Web browser, one can
view Web pages that may contain text,
images, videos, and other multimedia and
navigate between them using hyperlinks
▪ Too many to juggle now?
▪ Do you still want to continue?
▪ Look what will happen to you if you don’t do
well in this course or any other courses
▪ Lessons learned
Example of www protocol

▪ how://where/what

protocol address resource


Eg:
▪ http://www.perlis.uitm.edu.my/e-learn
▪ http://www.perlis.uitm.edu.my/jsk//index.php
Intranet

▪ A private network that is connected via


Internet technology (TCP/IP connection and
support Web browsing). It is accessible only
to those in the organization. Eg: large
companies and universities.
▪ Only those in the organization will be
authorized to access the resources located in
the Intranet setup.
▪ Eg: Intranet application such as staff portal,
online databases
Intranet

▪ Firewalls are frequently used to prevent


unauthorized Internet users from accessing
private networks connected to the Internet,
especially intranets
Internet Protocol (IP)
Addresses

▪ Each computer on the Internet has to have an


address.
▪ The address is known as IP address.
▪ Standard IP address follow the following
format:
_______. _______. _______. _______
▪ Example: 192.24.21.11
Routers and Packets
▪ Information from one computer will be
divided into small parts less than 1.5 kilobyte.
It is passed from one IP address to another.
This small segment is known as packet.
▪ The packets will be transmitted through the
Internet infrastructures (modem, routers,
etc.) and recombined when it reached
destination.
▪ The TCP connection between two computers
is called socket.
Named Addresses and Domains
🢭 Named address is the name that we use when accessing a
host/server. An example of named address is www.uitm.edu.my.
Named address is also known as Domain name.

🢭 Named address has a corresponding number that is assigned to the


server. This number is known as Internet Protocol (IP) address. An
example of IP address is 10.0.28.2. IP address for www.uitm.edu.my
is 202.58.80.221, while for www.perlis.uitm.edu.my, the IP add. is
210.48.147.7.

🢭 In other words, a host/server usually will have IP address and named


address. User can type either one of these addresses when they want
to access any resources that reside on the host. However, ordinary
user usually prefers to use Domain name as it is easier to remember.
Domain Suffixes

▪ Domain Suffixes is an extension to domain


name to represent special meaning such as
the type of organization and country of
origin.

▪ For example .org refers to a website/host that


belongs to non profit organization. gov refers
to a website/host that belongs to government
institutions etc.

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