MODULE 1

VOLLEYBALL

Introduction

Volleyball is intended to improve the overall fitness of every students.

One of the most popular sports in the world today is volleyball. No one can discount
that the most important part of the game is the actual volleyball, but in this time of
uncertainties, facilities and equipment are one of the factors in performing drills and
skills in volleyball, but alternative ball may do.
This module focuses on the historical development, terminologies, basic skills,
facilities and equipment, and rules and regulations in volleyball. Amidst of this
pandemic, physical activities are very important to boost immune system for us to
fight this virus.

Learning Outcome

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

 Understand the historical development, terminologies, basic skills, facilities

and equipment, and rules and regulations in volleyball.
 Create an alternative equipment in volleyball.
 Perform the different basic skills in volleyball
 Perform the hand and flag signals.
 Learning Content

Topics
Historical  William G. Morgan, The Physical Education Director of YMCA, Holyoke,
development Massachusetts, created the indoor game, incorporating aspects of
basketball,handball and tennis called mintonette in 1895.
 It was initially devised as a less strenuous activity than basketball for middle-
aged businessmen who attended YMCA classes.
 The objective was to hit the ball back and forth with the hands. Each team,
having any number of players, was permitted three outs before the team forfeited
the ball.
 The game was renamed ‘Volleyball’ in 1896.
 Earliest rules mandate the game to be played in nine innings on a 25’x 50’ court.
The serve was hit over 6’6” net. The bladder of the basketball was originally
used for the ball, but it was too light, and basketball was too heavy. A.G.
Spalding constructed a ball expressly for the game.
 Philippine volleyball history began in 1910 when the Philippines was a United
States territory. It was introduced to the Filipinos by an American
named Elwood Brown. Early in the history of the game of volleyball in the
Philippines, the Filipinos used trees as makeshift net holders (the net was hung
between the two chosen trees).
 In 1916, first contribution was that the Filipinos inspired American players to
create the "three-hit limit" for each player in modern-day volleyball.
The second Filipino contribution was the "set and spike" maneuver
They called it “FILIPINO BOMB” It is an offensive style of passing the ball in
high trajectory to be struck by another player (the Set and Spike) was introduced.
They developed the ‘bomba’ or kill, and called the hitter ‘bomberino.
 In 1930, the first 2-man beach volley ball game was played.
 The Federation International de Volleyball (FIVB) was founded in Paris in 1947.
 In 1964, volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.
 In 1996, 2-man beach volleyball was added to the Olympics.
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL VOLLEYBALL FEDERATION has been
recognized as the National Federation which govern the volleyball in the
Philippines. FIVB WORLD CONGRESS APPROVES AFFILIATION OF
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL VOLLEYBALL. The PNVF was formed in January
2021 following democratic elections held by the Philippine Olympic Committee
(POC) in which members from both the Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF)
and Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas participated.

You can browse and read the following links for additional information:
http://www.volleyhall.org/history-of-volleyball.html
https://www.fivb.com/en/technical-coach/news_lp_technicalcoach/fivb-world-
congress-approves-affiliation-of-philippine?
 id=92160&fbclid=IwAR3fDToO1mEXPtD0q4TMp9TbuNZIjaiq1BCqjqLyDUj9an
dUUEJAv2PfwS8
http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-history-evolution-of-volleyball.html
http://www.volleyballadvisors.com/history-of-volleyball.html
Terminologies 1. Ace – a served ball that directly results in a point.
2. Antennae – poles made of flexible rod made of fiberglass, attached at sides of
the net which delimits the crossing space.
3. Attack – any method used to send the ball over the net into the opponent’s court
from above the net level.
4. Attack Hit – an action of the player who directs the ball towards the opponent’s
court.
5. Attack block – an attempt to intercept the ball before it crosses over the net.
6. Attack line – the line parallel to the net, 3 meters away from the net.
7. Attack zone (front zone) – the area in the court marked by the center line and
the attack line.
8. Back zone – the area between the attack line and the end line.
9. Ball handling – execution of any passing fundamentals.
10. Ball in play – the ball is in play from the instant it is contacted or is being hit by
the server until the fault has been committed by a team and the official suspends
the play for any reason.
11. Ball Out – ball touching the antennae or the outside portion of the net; ball
passing under the net; ball passing outside of the crossing space; ball touching
any person outside of the playing court; ball touching the ground outside the
boundaries of the court and ball touching the ceiling of a building in an indoor
game.
12. Back Row Spiker – a back row player who has attacked the ball from above the
top of the net. The action is legal only if at the moment of the attack hit both feet
leave the floor from behind the attack line.
13. Center line – the line that divides the court into two equal parts, located directly
under the net.
14. Change of courts – when
15. Contacted ball – a ball in play that has been touched by a player
16. Cover – to protect an area on defense.
17. Crossing Space – the space on the vertical plane of the net limited by the upper
part and on the sides of the net by the antennae and their imaginary extensions.
18. Dead ball – a ball not in play following a point, side out or any decision
temporarily suspending the play.
19. Dig – a recovery of a hard driven ball over the net with one or two hands.
20. Dink/ Tipping – an attack in which the ball is hit with relatively little force from
the fingertips or wrist.
21. Double Hit – two hits by the same player separated by a time interval.
22. Double Fault – when two opposing players commit foul simultaneously
touching of the ball is common.
23. Defensive player – any player of a team not in possession of the ball.
24. Defensive team – the team not in possession of the ball.
25. Dig Pass – an underhand pass using both arms together.
26. Defaulted Game – when a team did not appear on or before the game on
scheduled time.
27. Dribbling – a player touching the ball more than one with any part of the body.
 28. Foot fault – an illegal placement of the feet with respect to court lines.
29. Free ball – a non-spiked return of the ball by any opponent that should be easily
handled and turned into an offensive play.
30. Formation – an arrangement or alignment of players either offensive or
defensive.
31. Held ball – a violation in which the ball visibly comes to rest on some part of
the body.
32. Hard block – an attempt on the part of the defensive team to block the ball
forcibly back at their opponent’s court.
33. In bounds – a ball landing inside or touching the lines of the court.
34. Illegal substitution – substitute entering the game without permission of the 2 nd
referee.
35. Line ball –a ball which hits the line.
36. Match – the best of two out of three or three out of five sets.
37. Offensive player – any player of a team in possession of the ball.
38. Offensive team – the team which has possession of the ball.
39. Out of bounds – a ball is out of bounds when it touches any surface or object on
the floor outside the court.
40. Rally – the chain of events while the ball is in play. It begins with the service
and ends when the ball is dead.
41. Rotation Order – the clockwise movement of players on the court after a side-
out has occurred and the opponent have lost the serve.
42. Service – the means of putting the ball into play by the offensive team at the
service area.
43. Screen – an illegal action of one or more players used to conceal the series
action by blocking the receivers’ view of the server.
44. Substitutes – reserve players of the team aside from the first six players.
45. Time out – the specific periods of time allotted to each team to give instructions
to the players.
46. Touch – anytime a player contacts the ball.

Facility used  COURT - A court 18 meters long and 9 meters wide (18x9)
- In Beach Volleyball (FIVB, AVP) the sand court is 16m x 8m (52'
5.9213" x 26' 2.9606")
  PLAYING AREA - includes the playing area and the free zone. It should be
rectangular and symmetrical

Equipment  BALL - It is made out of leather or synthetic leather, have a circumference of 65

used - 67 cm, a weight of 260—280 g
 Net – The height of the net shall be 2.43 m (7' 11 5/8") for men and 2.24 m (7'
4 1/8") for women. The net height is measured from the center of the playing
court with a measuring device. The two ends of the net (over the sidelines) must
both be at the same height from the playing surface and must not exceed the
official height by more than 2 cm (3/4").
 Antenna - the perimeter lines make it easy to determine whether a ball is in or
out. ... Well, this is where the Volleyball Antenna (Sometimes known as the
Aerial) comes into play. The volleyball antenna is a rod which is attached to the
net at each end directly above the lines.

Basic skills
An important part of coaching is teaching your players the basic skills they need to
play the game. In volleyball, all players should learn how to serve, set, pass, spike,
block and dig the ball. If you're not sure what all of these terms mean, don't sweat it.
Check out these brief descriptions to help get your head in the game.
 Serving - A player must serve the ball to start a volley. Serving requires you to
make quick, hard contact with the ball using either your palm for an overhand
serve or the back of your forearm for an underhand serve.
o Underhand - Is a serve done below the waist level and is an easy serve
to receive.
o Overhand - Refers to a serve when the player tosses the ball with one
hand and strikes it in the air above their head with the other hand.
Overhand serving is more advanced than underhand but that does not
mean it's impossible.
You can watch this video for you to comprehend how serving is being done:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQZGk1KfWeI

 Setting - Sets are a form of overhead passing that can be used to send the ball to
a teammate or over the net to the opposing team. To set, raise both their hands
above your head and use the pads of your fingertips to make contact with the
ball.
You can watch this video for you to comprehend how setting is being done:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5A_oENVMzs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Foj6A4WWgCg
 Passing - To receive a serve from the opposing team, you must use a forearm
pass or "bump." To do so, you should bend your legs, extend both hands forward
and clasp your hands together to create a flat surface for hitting the ball.
You can watch this video for you to comprehend how passing is being done:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgHKbjP5mRI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Foj6A4WWgCg

 Spiking - Players in the front row can spike the ball over the net. To spike, you
raise one arm above your head, jump and hit the ball as hard as you can toward
the floor of the opposing team's court.
You can watch this video for you to comprehend how spiking is being done:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrMI1dpV8c0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08guf-U_jYY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zu4XNT40wgI

 Blocking - This is another technique players in the front row can use to stop the
opposing team from sending the ball over the net. To block, stand close to the
net and jump up with both hands above your head to deflect the ball back to the
 opposing team's side of the court.
You can watch this video for you to comprehend how blocking is being done:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpopuQS8mmw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-aJm5mcxKvo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=id4uxPE2hoE

 Digging - If the opposing team spikes the ball, a player can use a dig to keep the
ball from hitting the ground. A dig is a lot like a forearm pass except that you
must dive close to the floor to make contact with the ball
You can watch this video for you to comprehend how digging is being done:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldEDX_JfCsc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzQkzImve9w

Note: Even if your players are all beginners, remember that practice makes
perfect.
Significant The court
rules
The game is played on a volleyball court 18 meters (59 feet) long and 9 meters
(29.5 feet) wide, divided into two 9 m × 9 m halves by a one-meter (40-inch) wide
net placed so that the top of the net is 2.43 meters (7 feet 11 5/8 inches) above the
center of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 meters (7 feet 4 1/8 inches) for
women's competition (these heights are varied for veterans and junior competitions).

There is a line 3 meters from and parallel to the net in each team court which is
considered the "attack line". This "3 meter" (or 10 foot) line divides the court into
"back row" and "front row" areas (also back court and front court). These are in turn
divided into 3 areas each: these are numbered as follows, starting from area "1",
which is the position of the serving player:
After a team gains the serve (also known as siding out), its members must rotate in a
clockwise direction, with the player previously in area "2" moving to area "1" and so
on, with the player from area "1" moving to area "6".

The team courts are surrounded by an area called the free zone which is a minimum
of 3 meters wide and which the players may enter and play within after the service
of the ball. All lines denoting the boundaries of the team court and the attack zone
are drawn or painted within the dimensions of the area and are therefore a part of the
court or zone. If a ball comes in contact with the line, the ball is considered to be
"in". An antenna is placed on each side of the net perpendicular to the sideline and is
a vertical extension of the side boundary of the court. A ball passing over the net
must pass completely between the antennae (or their theoretical extensions to the
ceiling) without contacting them.
The ball
FIVB regulations state that the ball must be spherical, made of leather or synthetic
leather, have a circumference of 65–67 cm, a weight of 260–280 g and an inside
pressure of 0.30–0.325 kg/cm2. Other governing bodies have similar regulations.
Scoring
When the ball contacts the floor within the court boundaries or an error is made, the
team that did not make the error is awarded a point, whether they served the ball or
not. If the ball hits the line, the ball is counted as in. The team that won the point
serves for the next point. If the team that won the point served in the previous point,
the same player serves again. If the team that won the point did not serve the
previous point, the players of the team rotate their position on the court in a
clockwise manner. The game continues, with the first team to score 25 points (and
be two points ahead) awarded the set. Matches are best-of-five sets and the fifth set
(if necessary) is usually played to 15 points. (Scoring differs between leagues,
tournaments, and levels; high schools sometimes play best-of-three to 25; in
the NCAAgames are played best-of-five to 25 as of the 2008 season.)

Before 1999, points could be scored only when a team had the serve (side-out
scoring) and all sets went up to only 15 points. The FIVB changed the rules in 1999
(with the changes being compulsory in 2000) to use the current scoring system
(formerly known as rally point system), primarily to make the length of the match
more predictable and to make the game more spectator- and television-friendly.
Libero
In 1998 the libero player was introduced internationally. The libero is a player
specialized in defensive skills: the libero must wear a contrasting jersey color from
his or her teammates and cannot block or attack the ball when it is entirely above net
height. When the ball is not in play, the libero can replace any back-row player,
without prior notice to the officials. This replacement does not count against the
substitution limit each team is allowed per set, although the libero may be replaced
only by the player whom he or she replaced.

The libero may function as a setter only under certain restrictions. If she/he makes
an overhand set, she/he must be standing behind (and not stepping on) the 3-meter
line; otherwise, the ball cannot be attacked above the net in front of the 3-meter line.
An underhand pass is allowed from any part of the court.

The libero is, generally, the most skilled defensive player on the team. There is also
a libero tracking sheet, where the referees or officiating team must keep track of
who the libero subs in and out for. There may only be one libero per set (game),
although there may be a different libero in the beginning of any new set (game).

Furthermore, a libero is not allowed to serve, according to international rules, with

the exception of the NCAA women's volleyball games, where a 2004 rule change
allows the libero to serve, but only in a specific rotation. That is, the libero can only
serve for one person, not for all of the people for whom he or she goes in. That rule
change was also applied to high school and junior high play soon after.
Recent rule changes
Other rule changes enacted in 2000 include allowing serves in which the ball
touches the net, as long as it goes over the net into the opponents' court. Also, the
 service area was expanded to allow players to serve from anywhere behind the end
line but still within the theoretical extension of the sidelines. Other changes were
made to lighten up calls on faults for carries and double-touches, such as allowing
multiple contacts by a single player ("double-hits") on a team's first contact provided
that they are a part of a single play on the ball.

In 2008, the NCAA changed the minimum number of points needed to win any of
the first four sets from 30 to 25 for women's volleyball (men's volleyball remained
at 30.) If a fifth (deciding) set is reached, the minimum required score remains at 15.
In addition, the word "game" is now referred to as "set".

Changes in rules have been studied and announced by FIVB in recent years, and
they have released the updated rules in 2009.

Progress Report assess your level of competence by means of putting a checkmark on

the appropriate box
SKILLS LEVEL OF COMPETENCE
Proficient (4) Satisfactory Learning (2) Cannot
can make 8- (3) can make can make 3 perform (1)
10 successful 6-7 out of 5 can make 0-2
tries out of 10 successful successful successful
tries out of 10 tries out of 10 tries out of 10
Service
Passing/ Volleying/
Receiving
Rolling
Spiking

TASK 2:
Create a Warm Up and Drills suited in Volleyball.

TASK 3:

1. Watch volleyball games on television/YouTube (Philippine Super Liga,

Shakeys Volleyball League, World Qualifying Games)
2. Be guided by the following questions
Guide Question Analysis
On Skills…
1. What skills were displayed by
 the players?
On Officiating…
1. Who officiated the game?
2. Choose one of the officials and
describe the mechanics of his
job
On Violations…
1. What common violations were
committed by the players?
On the winning team…
1. Who won in the game
2. Why did they win? What
strategies were utilized to win
the game?
On the best player…`
1. Who’s your best player in the
game
2. Why did you consider him/her
as the best player?

FINALLY ASSES yourself after the volleyball sessions from 1-10 where 1 is
lowest and 10 as the highest. Justify briefly.

BEFORE AFTER
1-10 JUSTIFICATION 1-10 JUSTIFICATION
 MODULE 2
SOFTBALL/BASEBALL

Introduction
Softball/Baseball is a team sports that enhances the whole development of a
child. Players involved in sports like softball/baseball generally feel better about
themselves, both mentally and socially. Practicing, improving skills and gradually
achieving goals help build confidence, reduce stress and make them more resistant
to social pressure.
Amidst of this pandemic, softball/baseball is hardly to perform but there is
different alternative way to apply in real situation. In this module, they will understand
the historical development, terminologies, basic skills, facilities and equipment, and
rules and regulations. Physical fitness is indeed a very important activities to perform
in this time of uncertainties because it helps us to fight COVID-19 Pandemic.

Learning Outcome

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

 Understand the historical development, terminologies, basic skills, facilities

and equipment, and rules and regulations.
 Perform the different basic skills.
 Create a warm up and drills suited in this sport.
 BASEBALL
A baseball game is played by two teams who alternate between offense and
defense. There are nine players on each side. The goal is to score more runs than
the opponent, which is achieved by one circuit of four bases that are placed on the
diamond.

HISTORY OF BASEBALL
The game of baseball is said to have begun in the early 19 th century but that’s
just half the truth. The game was played much before, but the first baseball clubs
were formed around that time. Baseball is thought to have originated as a game
called “rounders” in England and gained popularity in the United States in the early
1900s. It has gone by many names in the past, including “town ball,” “goal ball,”
round ball,” and simply “base,” just to name a few. The first recorded rules were
written by Shane Ryley Foster for a team called the Knickerbockers, based in
Manhattan. Modern baseball has two official leagues, the National League and the
American League; but many others cropped up over the years to offer competition.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS IN BASEBALL

The ball used in baseball is called a baseball.

-The ball used in baseball is between 9 to 9.25

inches in circumference.

- It weighs between 5 and 5.25 ounces.

-Layers of yarn or string is rolled on a cork

sphere and a leather coat is stitched over it to
make a baseball.

The baseball glove

- Gloves are made of leather and have webbing

between the thumb and forefinger. This
webbing is where the ball is caught most of the
time.

The bat

- is used to hit the baseball. There are different

sizes and types of bats used in various baseball
most players use an aluminum or composite
bat.

-Major Leagues players can only use bats made

from wood. It is 2.75 inches at the thickest part
and 42 inches in length

Cleats help to keep you from slipping when

batting and fielding a ball. With spikes on the
bottom to dig into the dirt and sand, players can
get enough traction to move around the field
freely to score runs and make outs. Cleats also
provide a player with foot and ankle support to
stay safe during the game.
 Baseball Jersey

- to visually distinguish between competing

teams and identify players during the game.

Baseball caps

-used to help keep the sun out of your eyes.

Helmet
-is important and is used to protect the batter's head from a wild pitch. You should
always wear a helmet when batting whether you are playing a serious game or just
practicing or messing around.
Catcher’s Mitt or Gloves is designed to help catch the ball and protect your hand. You
wear the glove on the opposite of your throwing hand. So, if you throw with your right
hand, you wear your glove on your left hand.

Leg guards are a core piece of catchers gear and are responsible for protecting knees,
shins and ankles from wild pitches, foul tips and cleats.

Chest protectors are an essential piece of equipment for catchers at all levels, as they
protect the shoulders, collarbone, sternum, ribs, and everything in between.

Baseball catchers bags are specially designed bags made to

hold catchers' gear. Catchers' bags are usually big and tough enough to carry, protect,
and compartmentalize a catcher's full gear.
  Bases
First, second and third bases are marked by white canvas bags or rubber covered
bags, attached to the ground. The first and third base bags are entirely with the infield.
The second base bag is centered on second base. The bags are 38.1cm square and
filled with soft materials.

 Pitching mound and plate

The pitching mound is a 5.49m circle, centre of which is 18.39m from the rear of home
plate.
The pitcher’s plate is a rectangular slab of white rubber, 61cm by 15cm. It is set in the
ground so that the distance between the pitcher’s plate and home base (the rear point
of home plate)
  Rules of Baseball
• Baseball has two teams of 9 players.
• The fielding team’s positions are made up of a pitcher, catcher, first baseman,
second baseman, shortstop, third baseman, and three outfielders at left field,
centre field and right field.
• Games last for 9 innings of which both teams get to bat once.
• A batter gets up to three strikes before getting out. A strike is deemed when a
batter swings for a ball and misses it. The batter can leave the ball but, if it’s
within a certain area (called the 'strike zone'), then a strike will also be given. If
four balls miss the strike zone and the batter does not swing their bat, they can
walk to first base.
• When on base, the batter can run to the next base at any point.
• Players can be dismissed by either a 'strike out' (referring to a batsman missing
the ball three times), 'force out' (when a player fails to make the base before the
defensive player), 'fly out' (when the ball is hit in the air and caught without it
bouncing), and 'tag outs' (where a defensive player with the ball tags the
batsman with the ball all whilst they are running).
• If the batter manages to hit the ball from the pitcher, they must make an effort to
at least get to first base. They can then run to as many bases as they wish before
being tagged out. Each base must be touched with some part of the batters body
when running past.

BASIC SKILLS IN BASEBALL

THROWING
- is the most basic skill in baseball and softball. It allows the team to prevent their
opponents from touching bases or even earning points or runs. Style and technique in
doing it differ from player to player.

Elements of Throwing
a) Grip – Grip the ball across the seams with your index and middle finger. The
thumb is under the top fingers.
b) Wind-up – Raise the throwing arm up and turn the shoulder in the direction of the
throw. The gloved hand points toward the target. Raise the left foot and place all
weight of the body on the right foot.
 c) Delivery – Make a backward swing with bent elbows; lean forward in transferring
weight to the left foot and release the ball.
d) Follow-through – Point the throwing arm down- forward, putting the feet parallel
in a ready position.

BASE RUNNING
This is a very important skill you need to master because it allows you to
advance safely from one base to the other with full speed and agility.

Considerations in Running/Base-Running
To condition the body for efficient and effective running, consider the following:
a) Speed Running – running with speed from one point to a definite distance. Try
getting your time as you run and improve your speed every time you do it
b) Agility Running – running with a change in position and direction in the fastest
possible speed. To master this, you might as well consider running through the
bases of the diamond. Improve your speed every time you do it.
CATCHING
This is a defensive skill used to receive a thrown ball and hold a base runner or
batter from proceeding or prevent the opponent from earning a point or a run.
§ In baseball, a catch occurs when a fielder gains secure possession of a batted
ball in flight, and maintains possession until he voluntarily or intentionally
releases the ball. When a catch occurs, the batter is out, and runners, once they
properly tag up (retouch their time-of-pitch base), may attempt to advance at risk
of being tagged out.
Elements of Catching
a) Follow-through – After the release of the ball, continue the forward motion, with
the throwing arm pointing to the target.
b) Stride – Take a stride or wide step with your left foot. Release the ball. In
performing this skill observe the following mechanics:
q Hold your glove open and keep a visual on the ball at all times.
q Keep your free hand in front of you and bring it on top of the glove as the ball
approaches.
q Close your hand over the ball the moment it hits inside your glove
 HITTING/BATTING
The aspect of baseball that draws many young players to the game is the idea of
hitting a baseball squarely. In order to hit the ball consistently, a batter must take a
solid stance in the batter's box with his left shoulder--for a right-handed hitter--facing the
pitcher. This is an offensive skill used to strike the pitched ball using a bat. It is done to
advance to the bases and eventually leads to earning a run or point.
Elements of Hitting/Batting
In doing this skill, consider your grip, stance, stride, and swing.
a) Grip – use your fingers in gripping the bat and tighten your grip as the ball
approaches.
b) Stance - proper stance includes slightly bending your knees, feet parallel to the
plates in shoulder width distance, and bat tilted at 45° and not positioned over the
shoulder.
c) Stride – as the ball approaches, stride the right foot a little backward to gain
momentum.
d) Swing – after a little stride backward, transfer the strength generated by the body
towards the arms to bat as it swings parallel to the ground aiming at the ball and
directing it to the intended destination.
ACTIVITY 1:

EXPECTED OUTPUT Demonstrate understanding on the nature of volleyball

1. Put a check mark if the topic discussed was clear or not clear. Include the
questions that you would like to ask in the class discussion
Topics Clear Not Clear
Historical development
Facility used
Equipment used
Basic skills
Significant rules

2. Questions that you would like to be cleared on

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2:
Direction: Read the questions carefully and give the correct answers. Wrong spelling
means wrong
1.The goal of this game is to score more runs than the opponent, which is achieved by
one circuit of four bases that are placed on the diamond.
2.Who is the founder of the game Baseball
3. Baseball is thought to have originated as a game called ____________in England
and gained popularity in the United States in the early 1900s.
4-7. Give 4 names of baseball in the past
8. The first recorded rules were written by Shane Ryley Foster for a team called
the___________, based in Manhattan.
9-10. What are the two official leagues of Modern baseball
11-15. Enumerate at least 5 equipment used in baseball
16. It is a five-sided slab of white rubber. It is a 3.2cm square with two corners removed.
17-20. Give at least 4 basic skills in Baseball

ACTIVITY 3:
EXPECTED OUTCOME Analyze game situation on scientific and technical aspects
Instruction:

3. Watch baseball/softball games on television/YouTube.

4. Be guided by the following questions
Guide Question Analysis
On Skills…
2. What skills were displayed by the
players?
3. What science principles were very
evident in the performance of the
skills? Cite your basis… According
to…
On Officiating…
3. Who officiated the game?
4. Choose one of the officials and
describe the mechanics of his job
On Violations…
2. What common violations were
committed by the players?
On the winning team…
3. Who won in the game
4. Why did they win? What strategies
were utilized to win the game?
5. Is there a scientific basis in winning
such game? Cite your basis
On the best player…`
3. Who’s your best player in the game
4. Why did you consider him/her as
the best player?
 MODULE 3
BASKETBALL

Introduction
Basketball is a team sports that enhances the whole development of a child.
Basketball teaches you about being a good team player and can be a great social
sport. Adults should check with their doctor before taking
up basketball. Basketball puts a lot of stress on the body and injuries can happen, so
warming up, stretching your muscles and joints, and cooling down is important.
In this module, you will expand and explore your knowledge about the
historical development, terminologies, basic skills, facilities and equipment, and rules
and regulations of basketball. Amidst of this pandemic, there are different ways or
alternative to perform the skills in basketball wherein our art of creativity will enhance
too.

Learning Outcome

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

 Understand the historical development, terminologies, basic skills, facilities

and equipment, and rules and regulations of basketball.
 Analyze the importance of warm up and drills in this time of pandemic.
 Perform the different basic skills in basketball.
 Create a warm up and drills suited in this sport.
 Topics
Historical  In contrast to other sports, basketball has a clear origin. It is not the evolution
developmen from an ancient game or another sport and the inventor is well known: Dr.
t James Naismith.
 Naismith was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, Ontario, Canada. He
graduated as a physician at McGill University in Montreal and was primarily
interested in sports physiology.
 In 1891, while working as a physical education teacher at the YMCA
International Training School (today, Springfield College) in the United States,
Naismith was faced with the problem of finding in 14 days an indoor game to
provide "athletic distraction" for the students at the School for Christian
Workers (Naismith was also a Presbyterian minister).
 After discarding the idea of adapting outdoor games like soccer and lacrosse,
Naismith recalled the concept of a game of his school days known as duck-on-
a-rock that involved accuracy attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a
large rock by tossing another rock at it.
 Starting from there, Naismith developed a set of 13 rules that gave origin to the
game of basketball.
 Of course, it was not exactly as we know it today. The first game was played
with a soccer ball and two peach baskets nailed 10-feet high used as goals, on a
court just half the size of a present-day court. The baskets retained their
bottoms so balls scored into the basket had to be poked out with a long dowel
each time and dribbling (bouncing of the ball up and down while moving) was
not part of the original game.
 The sport was an instant success and thanks to the initial impulse received by
the YMCA movement, basketball's popularity quickly grew nationwide and
was introduced in many nations. Although Naismith never saw the game
develop into the spectacular game we know these days, he had the honor to
witness basketball become an Olympic sport at the 1936 Games held in Berlin.
 There are 13 rules James Naismith develop in basketball, there are:
o The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
o The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but
never with the fist.
o A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the
spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at
good speed.
o The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must
not be used for holding it.
o No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an
opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count
as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or,
if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the
game. No substitution shall be allowed.
o A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4
and such as described in Rule 5.
o If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for
the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the
meantime making a foul).
o Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground
 into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do
not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edge and the
opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal.
o When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and
played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire
shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five
seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side
persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.
o The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify
the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have
the power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
o The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in
bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall
decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with
any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
o The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes' rest between.
o The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the
winners.

References:
http://www.thebasketballworld.com/history.htm
http://www.sportsknowhow.com/basketball/history/basketball-history.shtml
https://mymission.lamission.edu/userdata/ruyssc/docs/History%20of
%20basketball.pdf

Facility used  Playing Court - The playing court shall have a flat, hard surface free from
obstructions (Diagram 1) with dimensions of 28 m in length by 15 m in width
measured from the inner edge of the boundary line.
 Back Court - A team's backcourt consists of its team's own basket, the
inbounds part of the backboard and that part of the playing court limited by the
end line behind their own basket, the sidelines and the center line.
 Front Court - A team's frontcourt consists of the opponents' basket, the
inbounds part of the backboard and that part of the playing court limited by the
end line behind the opponents' basket, the sidelines and the inner edge of the
center line nearest to the opponents' basket.
 Lines - All lines shall be drawn in white color, 5 cm in width and clearly
visible.
 Boundary Line - The playing court shall be limited by the boundary line,
consisting of the endlines and the sidelines. These lines are not part of the
playing court.
 Foul Line – for all size courts the 'foul line' is 15 feet in front of the backboard.
 3 Point Line Arc - for NBA Basketball Courts the 3-point arc is 22 feet to the
center of the rim on the sides with a straight line extending out 16 feet 9 inches
from the baseline. Past those points the line extends out 23 feet 9 inches from
the center of the rim.
 Backboard Rim - The regulation height above the ground for the rim (hoop) is
10 feet, and the rim is 18 inches in diameter. Backboards are 6 feet wide (72
inches) by 42 inches tall, with the inner square being 24 inches wide by 18
inches tall.
  Free Throw Line - The free-throw line shall be drawn parallel to each end line.
It shall have its furthest edge 5.80 m from the inner edge of the end line and
shall be 3.60 m long. Its mid-point shall lie on the imaginary line joining the
mid-point of the 2 end lines.
 Score Board – displays the time left in the period and running scores of the
both team.

References:
www.allaboutbasketball.us/basketball-wiki/equipment-for-basketball-game.html
http://www.topendsports.com/sport/basketball/equipment.htm
https://www.fiba.com/downloads/rules/2014/official_basketball_rules_2014_y.pdf

Equipment  Ball – the most visible equipment in the game. There are different types of ball
used use in different leagues.
 Jersey/Uniform – it consists of tank tops and shorts. You also need socks and
good basketball type of sneakers/rubber shoes.

References:
www.allaboutbasketball.us/basketball-wiki/equipment-for-basketball-game.html
www.ducksters.com/sports/basketball/basketball_equipment.php

Basic skills  Dribbling – is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow
you to move up and down the court, maneuver past defenders and execute
plays. Proper dribbling requires ball-handling skills and knowledge of how to
spread your fingers for ball control. It is also best if you know how to dribble
equally well with both hands.
 Shooting – In order to score points in basketball, you need to shoot the ball
into the hoop. This requires the ability to properly hold and throw the ball into
the air toward the basket while avoiding defenders. A proper shot requires
precise aiming, arm extension and lift from the legs. There are different types
of shots you need to learn, including jump shots, layups and free throws.
 Running – is a big part of basketball. In a full-court game, you will find
yourself running back and forth as the game quickly transitions between
offense and defense. When you have the ball, running will help you to avoid
defenders and get to the basket quicker. On defense, you often will find
yourself needing to run after the opponent, especially during fast breaks.
 Passing – is another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete
basketball player. Basketball is a team sport that involves finding a teammate
who is open for a shot. The ability to pass the ball to this player can make the
difference between scoring and not scoring. Really great passers are an
important part of a basketball team and usually the ones who set up scoring
plays.
 Jumping - is another skill that can define how good a basketball player is.
Jumping is involved in offense during the jump ball in the beginning, while
taking shots and sometimes while trying to catch a pass. On defensive you will
need the ability to jump when trying to block a shot or a pass. Being able to out
jump your opponent for a rebound also is important.

Reference:
 http://www.livestrong.com/article/500227-the-five-basic-skills-of-basketball/
http://www.nlba.nf.ca/documents/OBR_Summary2014_V6.pdf

Significant  Two teams of maximum 12 players, with a maximum of five players of each
rules team on the court at any time. Teams may make as many substitutions as they
like.
 The objective of the game is to put the ball in the opposing team’s basket.
 The team with the most points at the end of the game wins.
 The game consists of four periods of 10 minutes.
 If the scores are tied, overtime periods of five minutes will be played until one
team has more points than the other (at the end of the 5-minute period)
 A basket scored from near the basket (inside the three-point arc) is worth two
points.
 A basket scored from far (beyond the three-point arc) is worth three points.
 A basket scored from the free-throw line is worth one point.
 The ball may either be passed from one player to another, or dribbled by a
player from one point to another (bounced while walking or running).
 Before passing or shooting the ball, a player may take two steps (without
dribbling).
 Once a player has stopped dribbling, he may not start to dribble again.
 Once the team in possession of the ball has passed the half-court line, it may
cross back over the line with the ball.
 When a team gains possession of the ball, they have a maximum of 24 seconds
to attempt a shot.
 Additionally, offensive players may not remain within the restricted area (key)
for more than three consecutive seconds.
 A personal foul occurs when there is illegal contact between two opponents. A
player who makes more than five personal fouls is excluded from the game.
 A foul made on a player attempting a shot results in the awarding of the same
number of free-throws as those of the shot taken (two from inside the arc, three
from outside). If a player is fouled but makes the attempted shot, the shot
counts and an additional free-throw will be awarded.
 Once a team has made four fouls in a period, each additional foul (on a player
not attempting a shot) will result in the automatic awarding of two free-throws.
 There shall be an interval of play of 20 minutes before the game is scheduled to
begin.
 There shall be intervals of play of 2 minutes between the first and second
period (first half), between the third and fourth period (second half) and before
each extra period.
 The game shall consist of 4 periods of 10 minutes each.
 A jump ball occurs when an official tosses the ball in the centre circle between
any 2 opponents at the beginning of the first period.

References:
http://www.nlba.nf.ca/documents/OBR_Summary2014_V6.pdf
https://www.fiba.com/downloads/rules/2014/official_basketball_rules_2014_y.pdf
http://www.livestrong.com/article/500227-the-five-basic-skills-of-basketball/
ACTIVITY 1:

EXPECTED OUTPUT Demonstrate understanding on the nature of volleyball

3. Put a check mark if the topic discussed was clear or not clear. Include the
questions that you would like to ask in the class discussion
Topics Clear Not Clear
Historical development
Facility used
Equipment used
Basic skills
Significant rules

4. Questions that you would like to be cleared on

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_______________

ACTIVITY 2:
EXPECTED OUTCOME: Demonstrate ability to play with enjoyment and simple game
techniques

Instructions:
1. In your group, search/ create a lead up game in basketball
2. Communicate it to the class and let them play the game
3. Explain the objectives of the game. Emphasize the importance of the skill to
be developed in the game.
4. Follow the procedure below:
a. Introduce the title of the lead up game
b. Explain the objectives of the game
c. Discuss the mechanics of the game
d. Have a demonstration of the game
e. Let them ask question for clarity of the mechanics
f. First trial game. Ask for queries
g. Take a second trial (if needed)
h. Let the game begin!
5. Always start with the dynamic warm up. PLAY WITH SAFETY AND FUN!
6. Complete the table below
 Title of the Skill needed in the Objective of the Mechanics of the
game game Game game
Lay me Up  Dribbling The objective of the 1. All of you must
 Lay-up game is to shoot the have one person
 Passing ball using lay-up, there to be guarded
 Blocking/Guarding should be at least five (man to man).
points in 2 minutes. 2. The fist team will
be the first one to
shoot and the
other team will be
guarding, after
three minutes
they will switch
places.
3. The first team will
be the one who
pass the ball and
the last member
of the team will be
the one who will
lay up the ball
while the other
team will just
block them for
them not to be
able to pass and
shoot the ball. If
the last member
of the team shoots
the ball then they
will rotate and the
process will go
until the end of
three minutes.

How did the game help you understand basketball?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______

ACTIVITY 3:

EXPECTED OUTCOME: Demonstrate competence in skills through the drills

Instructions:
 1. Follow the procedures listed on the table
2. Visit the YouTube sites provided to help you better learn the skills
SKILLS DRILLS
Shooting https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_yfNeo12c
Passing https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=SbOsxamKyzY
Dribbling https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNM8e4qReno
Lay-up https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rV-4Jk2oOYE
Rebounding https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fvu-QCVfBzU
Guarding/Defending https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ls3kzhG6Cb8

Progress Report assess your level of competence by means of putting a checkmark on the
appropriate box
SKILLS LEVEL OF COMPETENCE
Proficient (4) Satisfactory Learning (2) Cannot perform
can make 8-10 (3) can make can make 3 out (1) can make 0-
successful tries 6-7 successful of 5 successful 2 successful
out of 10 tries out of 10 tries out of 10 tries out of 10
Shooting
Passing
Dribbling
Stealing

Are you satisfied with your assessment report? If not, what will you do to improve your
skills?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________

ACTIVITY 4:

EXPECTED OUTCOME Analyze game situation on scientific and technical aspects

Instruction:

5. Watch basketball games on television/YouTube (UAAP, NCAA, PBA, NBA etc)

6. Be guided by the following questions
Guide Question Analysis
On Skills…
4. What skills were displayed by the
players?
 5. What science principles were very
evident in the performance of the
skills? Cite your basis… According
to…
On Officiating…
5. Who officiated the game?
6. Choose one of the officials and
describe the mechanics of his job
On Violations…
3. What common violations were
committed by the players?
On the winning team…
6. Who won in the game
7. Why did they win? What strategies
were utilized to win the game?
8. Is there a scientific basis in winning
such game? Cite your basis
On the best player…`
5. Who’s your best player in the
game
6. Why did you consider him/her as
the best player?