i-vi A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:30 PM Page 1

Chapter 6
Resource Masters
i-vi A2-06-873976 5/17/06 1:22 PM Page ii

Consumable Workbooks Many of the worksheets contained in the Chapter Resource Masters are
available as consumable workbooks in both English and Spanish.

ISBN10 ISBN13
Study Guide and Intervention Workbook 0-07-877355-5 978-0-07-877355-6
Skills Practice Workbook 0-07-877357-1 978-0-07-877357-0
Practice Workbook 0-07-877358-X 978-0-07-877358-7
Word Problem Practice Workbook 0-07-877360-1 978-0-07-877360-0

Spanish Versions
Study Guide and Intervention Workbook 0-07-877356-3 978-0-07-877356-3
Practice Workbook 0-07-877359-8 978-0-07-877359-4

Answers for Workbooks The answers for Chapter 6 of these workbooks can be found in the back of
this Chapter Resource Masters booklet.

StudentWorks PlusTM This CD-ROM includes the entire Student Edition test along with the English
workbooks listed above.

TeacherWorks PlusTM All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing, printing, and
editing in this CD-ROM.

Spanish Assessment Masters (ISBN10: 0-07-0-07-877361-X, ISBN13: 978-0-07-877361-7)

These masters contain a Spanish version of Chapter 6 Test Form 2A and Form 2C.

Copyright © by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to
reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for
classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely
in conjunction with Glencoe Algebra 2. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without
prior written permission of the publisher.

Send all inquiries to:

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, OH 43240

ISBN13: 978-0-07-873976-7
ISBN10: 0-07-873976-4 Algebra 2 CRM6

Printed in the United States of America

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 005 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
i-vi A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:30 PM Page iii

Contents
Teacher's Guide to Using the Chapter 6 Lesson 6-6
Resource Masters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv Solving Polynomial Equations
Chapter Resources Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Student-Built Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Anticipation Guide (English) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Anticipation Guide (Spanish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Lesson 6-1 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Properties of Exponents
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Lesson 6-7
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
The Remainder and Factor Theorems
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Lesson 6-2 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Operations with Polynomials
Lesson 6-8
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Roots and Zeros
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Lesson 6-3 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Dividing Polynomials Lesson 6-9
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Rational Zero Theorem
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Lesson 6-4 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Polynomial Functions Graphing Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Assessment
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Student Recording Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Rubric for Pre-AP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Chapter 6 Quizzes 1 and 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Chapter 6 Quizzes 3 and 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Chapter 6 Mid-Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Lesson 6-5 Analyze Graphs of Chapter 6 Vocabulary Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Polynomial Functions Chapter 6 Test, Form 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Chapter 6 Test, Form 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Chapter 6 Extended Response Test . . . . . . . .87
Standardized Test Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A1–A43
Chapter 6 iii Glencoe Algebra 2
i-vi A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:30 PM Page iv

Teacher’s Guide to Using the

Chapter 6 Resource Masters
The Chapter 6 Resource Masters includes the core materials needed for Chapter 6.
These materials include worksheets, extensions, and assessment options. The
answers for these pages appear at the back of this booklet.
All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing and printing on
the TeacherWorks PlusTM CD-ROM.

Chapter Resources Study Guide and Intervention These

masters provide vocabulary, key concepts,
Student-Built Glossary (pages 1–2) additional worked-out examples and Check
These masters are a student study tool that Your Progress exercises to use as a
presents up to twenty of the key vocabulary reteaching activity. It can also be used in
terms from the chapter. Students are to conjunction with the Student Edition as an
recording definitions and/or examples for instructional tool for students who have
each term. You may suggest that student been absent.
highlight or star the terms with which they
are not familiar. Give to students before Skills Practice This master focuses more
beginning Lesson 6-1. Encourage them to on the computational nature of the lesson.
add these ages to their mathematics study Use as an additional practice option or as
notebooks. Remind them to complete the homework for second-day teaching of the
appropriate words as they study each lesson.
lesson. Practice This master closely follows the
Anticipation Guide (pages 3–4) This types of problems found in the Exercises
master presented in both English and section of the Student Edition and includes
Spanish is a survey used before beginning word problems. Use as an additional
the chapter to pinpoint what students may practice option or as homework for second-
or may not know about the concepts in the day teaching of the lesson.
chapter. Students will revisit this survey Word Problem Practice This master
after they complete the chapter to see if includes additional practice in solving word
their perceptions have changed. problems that apply the concepts of the
lesson. Use as an additional practice or as
Lesson Resources homework for second-day teaching of the
lesson.
Lesson Reading Guide Get Ready for the
Lesson reiterates the questions from the Enrichment These activities may extend
beginning of the Student Edition lesson. the concepts of the lesson, offer an
Read the Lesson asks students to interpret historical or multicultural look at the
the context of and relationships among concepts, or widen students’ perspectives on
terms in the lesson. Finally, Remember the mathematics they are learning. They
What You Learned asks students to are written for use with all levels of
summarize what they have learned using students.
various representation techniques. Use as a
study tool for note taking or as an informal
reading assignment. It is also a helpful
tool for ELL (English Language Learners).

Chapter 6 iv Glencoe Algebra 2

i-vi A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:30 PM Page v

Graphing Calculator, Scientific Leveled Chapter Tests

Calculator, or Spreadsheet Activities
• Form 1 contains multiple-choice
These activities present ways in which
questions and is intended for use with
technology can be used with the concepts
below grade level students.
in some lessons of this chapter. Use as an
alternative approach to some concepts • Forms 2A and 2B contain multiple-choice
or as an integral part of your lesson questions aimed at on grade level
presentation. students. These tests are similar in
format to offer comparable testing
situations.
Assessment Options
• Forms 2C and 2D contain free-response
The assessment masters in the Chapter 6
questions aimed at on grade level
Resource Masters offer a wide range of
students. These tests are similar in
assessment tools for formative (monitoring)
format to offer comparable testing
assessment and summative (final)
situations.
assessment.
• Form 3 is a free-response test for use
Student Recording Sheet This master
with above grade level students.
corresponds with the standardized test
practice at the end of the chapter. All of the above mentioned tests include a
free-response Bonus question.
Pre-AP Rubric This master provides
information for teachers and students on Extended-Response Test Performance
how to assess performance on open-ended assessment tasks are suitable for all
questions. students. Sample answers and a scoring
rubric are included for evaluation.
Quizzes Four free-response quizzes offer
assessment at appropriate intervals in the Standardized Test Practice These three
chapter. pages are cumulative in nature. It includes
three parts: multiple-choice questions with
Mid-Chapter Test This 1-page test
bubble-in answer format, griddable
provides an option to assess the first half of
questions with answer grids, and short-
the chapter. It parallels the timing of the
answer free-response questions.
Mid-Chapter Quiz in the Student Edition
and includes both multiple-choice and free-
response questions. Answers
Vocabulary Test This test is suitable for • The answers for the Anticipation Guide
all students. It includes a list of vocabulary and Lesson Resources are provided as
words and 10 questions to assess students’ reduced pages with answers appearing in
knowledge of those words. This can also be red.
used in conjunction with one of the leveled • Full-size answer keys are provided for
chapter tests. the assessment masters.

Chapter 6 v Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6 Student-Built Glossary

Chapter Resources
This is an alphabetical list of the key vocabulary terms you will learn in Chapter 6.
As you study the chapter, complete each term’s definition or description.
Remember to add the page number where you found the term. Add these pages to
your Algebra Study Notebook to review vocabulary at the end of the chapter.

Found
Vocabulary Term Definition/Description/Example
on Page
degree of a polynomial

depressed polynomial

dimensional analysis

end behavior
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

leading coefficient

Location Principle

polynomial function

polynomial in one variable

Chapter 6 1 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6 Student-Built Glossary (continued)

Found
Vocabulary Term Definition/Description/Example
on Page
quadratic form

relative maximum

relative minimum

scientific notation

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

simplify

standard notation

synthetic division

synthetic substitution

Chapter 6 2 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6 Anticipation Guide
Polynomial Functions and Inequalities

Chapter Resources
STEP 1 Before you begin Chapter 6

• Read each statement.

• Decide whether you Agree (A) or Disagree (D) with the statement.

• Write A or D in the first column OR if you are not sure whether you agree or disagree,
write NS (Not Sure).

STEP 1 Statement STEP 2

A, D, or NS A or D
1. The monomial 6m4n2p5 has a degree of 5.
2. To multiply powers of the same variable, add the exponents.
3. (12t 2
3t  4)
(8t 2  4t
4) is equal to 4t 2
7t  8.
4. (6x  2)(7x
1) is equal to 42x2
2.
5. The leading coefficient of a polynomial is the coefficient of
the first term.
6. The graph of any polynomial is a parabola.
7. The graph of a polynomial of even degree will approach
either  or
 as x →  and as x →
.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

8. If the graph of a polynomial function has an x-intercept,

then the polynomial has at least one real solution.
9. a2
2ab
b2 is a perfect square trinomial.
10. If f(a)  0, then x
a is a factor of the polynomial f(x).
11. Every polynomial equation with degree greater than 0 has
at least one root in the set of complex numbers.
12. To find all the rational zeros of a polynomial function, all
the possible zeros must be tested using synthetic
substitution.

STEP 2 After you complete Chapter 6

• Reread each statement and complete the last column by entering an A or a D.

• Did any of your opinions about the statements change from the first column?

• For those statements that you mark with a D, use a piece of paper to write an example of
why you disagree.

Chapter 6 3 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NOMBRE ______________________________________ FECHA ____________ PERÍODO ___

6 Ejercicios preparatorios
Funciones polinómicas y desigualdades
PASO 1 Antes de comenzar el Capítulo 6

• Lee cada enunciado.

• Decide si estás de acuerdo (A) o en desacuerdo (D) con el enunciado.

• Escribe A o D en la primera columna O si no estás seguro(a) de la respuesta,

escribe NS (No estoy seguro(a).

PASO 1 PASO 2
A, D o NS Enunciado AoD
1. El monomio 6m4n2p5 tiene un grado de 5.
2. Para multiplicar potencias de la misma variable, suma los
exponentes.
3. (12t 2
3t  4)
(8t 2  4t
4) es igual a 4t 2
7t  8.
4. (6x  2)(7x
1) es igual a 42x2
2.
5. El coeficiente principal de un polinomio es el coeficiente del
primer término.
6. La gráfica de cualquier polinomio es una parábola.
7. La gráfica del polinomio de grado par se aproximará a  o

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 a medida que x →  y a medida que x →
.
8. Si la gráfica de una función de polinomios tiene una
intersección x, entonces el polinomio tiene por lo menos una
solución real.
9. a2
2ab
b2 es un trinomio perfecto al cuadrado.
10. Si f(a)  0, entonces x
a es un factor del polinomio f(x).
11. Cada ecuación polinomial con un grado mayor que 0 tiene por
lo menos una raíz en el conjunto de números complejos.
12. Para encontrar todos los ceros racionales de una función
polinomial, deben probarse todos los ceros posibles
utilizando sustitución sintética.

PASO 2 Después de completar el Capítulo 6

• Vuelve a leer cada enunciado y completa la última columna con una A o una D.

• ¿Cambió cualquiera de tus opiniones sobre los enunciados de la primera columna?

• En una hoja de papel aparte, escribe un ejemplo de por qué estás en desacuerdo con los
enunciados que marcaste con una D.

Capítulo 6 4 Álgebra 2 de Glencoe

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-1 Lesson Reading Guide

Properties of Exponents
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-1 in your textbook.
Your textbook gives the U.S. public debt as an example from economics that involves
large numbers that are difficult to work with when written in standard notation.
Give an example from science that involves very large numbers and one that
involves very small numbers.

Lesson 6-1
Read the Lesson
1. Tell whether each expression is a monomial or not a monomial.

a. 3x2 b. y2
5y  6

1
c. 73x d. 
z

2. Complete the following definitions of a negative exponent and a zero exponent.

For any real number a  0 and any integer n, an  .

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

For any real number a  0, a0  .

3. Name the property or properties of exponents that you would use to simplify each
expression. (Do not actually simplify.)

m8
a. 3
m

b. y6  y9

c. (3r2s)4

Remember What You Learned

4. When writing a number in scientific notation, some students have trouble remembering
when to use positive exponents and when to use negative ones. What is an easy way to
remember this?

Chapter 6 5 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-1 Study Guide and Intervention

Properties of Exponents
Multiply and Divide Monomials Negative exponents are a way of expressing the
multiplicative inverse of a number.

1 1
Negative Exponents an   n  a for any real number a  0 and any integer n.
n and 
n
a a

When you simplify an expression, you rewrite it without parentheses or negative

exponents. The following properties are useful when simplifying expressions.

Product of Powers am  an  am
n for any real number a and integers m and n.

am
Quotient of Powers   am  n for any real number a  0 and integers m and n.
an
For a, b real numbers and m, n integers:
(am )n  amn
(ab)m  ambm
Properties of Powers

ab 
n an
n, b  0
b
n

ab 
ab 
n bn
  or n , a  0, b  0
a

Example Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

(m4)3
a. (3m4n2)(5mn)2 b.


(2m2)2
(3m4n2)(5mn)2  3m4n2  25m2n2

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

(m4)3 m12
 75m4m2n2n2 
(2m2)2  1
 75m4
2n2
2 
4m4
 75m6
 m12  4m4
 4m16

Exercises

Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

b8
1. c12  c4  c6 2. 2 3. (a4)5
b

x2 y 1

aa bb 
xxyy 
2 2 2
4. 
x4y1 5. 
3 2 6. 3

1 8m3n2
7.  (5a2b3)2(abc)2 8. m7  m8 9. 3
5 4mn

23c4t2 2mn2(3m2n)2
10. 
2 4 2 11. 4j(2j2k2)(3j 3k7) 12. 
3 4
2 c t 12m n

Chapter 6 6 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Properties of Exponents
Scientific Notation
Scientific notation A number expressed in the form a  10n, where 1  a 10 and n is an integer

Example 1 Express 46,000,000 in scientific notation.

46,000,000  4.6  10,000,000 1  4.6 10
 4.6  107 Write 10,000,000 as a power of ten.

Lesson 6-1
Example 2 3.5  104
Evaluate


2 . Express the result in scientific notation.
5  10
3.5  104 3.5 104
 2 
5  10 5 102
 0.7  106
 7  105

Exercises

Express each number in scientific notation.

1. 24,300 2. 0.00099 3. 4,860,000

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. 525,000,000 5. 0.0000038 6. 221,000

7. 0.000000064 8. 16,750 9. 0.000369

Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation.

10. (3.6  104)(5  103) 11. (1.4  108)(8  1012) 12. (4.2  103)(3  102)

9.5  107 1.62  102 4.81  108

13. 2 14.  15. 
3.8  10 1.8  10
5 6.5  10
4

16. (3.2  103)2 17. (4.5  107)2 18. (6.8  105)2

19. ASTRONOMY Pluto is 3,674.5 million miles from the sun. Write this number in
scientific notation.
20. CHEMISTRY The boiling point of the metal tungsten is 10,220°F. Write this
temperature in scientific notation.
21. BIOLOGY The human body contains 0.0004% iodine by weight. How many pounds of
iodine are there in a 120-pound teenager? Express your answer in scientific notation.

Chapter 6 7 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-1 Skills Practice

Properties of Exponents
Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

1. b4  b3 2. c5  c2  c2

3. a4  a3 4. x5  x4  x

5. (g4)2 6. (3u)3

7. (x)4 8. 5(2z)3

9. (3d)4 10. (2t2)3

s15
11. (r7)3 12. 
12
s

k9
13. 
10 14. (3f 3g)3
k

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

15. (2x)2(4y)2 16. 2gh( g3h5)

24wz7
17. 10x2y3(10xy8) 18. 3 5
3w z

6a4bc8 10pq4r
19.  20. 
7 2
36a b c 5p q r
3 2

Express each number in scientific notation.

21. 53,000 22. 0.000248

23. 410,100,000 24. 0.00000805

Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation.

9.6  107
25. (4  103)(1.6  106) 26. 3
1.5  10

Chapter 6 8 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-1 Practice
Properties of Exponents
Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

1. n5  n2 2. y7  y3  y2

3. t9  t8 4. x4  x4  x4

5. (2f 4)6 6. (2b2c3)3

7. (4d 2t5v4)(5dt3v1) 8. 8u(2z)3

Lesson 6-1
12m8 y6 6s5x3
9.  10. 
9my
4 7
18sx
27x3(x7)

3r 2s z 
2
11. 
4 12. 
2 3 6
16x

13. (4w3z5)(8w)2 14. (m4n6)4(m3n2p5)6

3 2 2

32 
43 d 5f
x y 
2x y
4 3
15.  d 2f 4 16. 
2 5

(3x2y3)(5xy8) 20(m2v)(v)3
17. 
3 4 2 18. 
2 4
(x ) y 5(v) (m )

Express each number in scientific notation.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

19. 896,000 20. 0.000056 21. 433.7  108

Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation.

2.7  106
22. (4.8  102)(6.9  104) 23. (3.7  109)(8.7  102) 24. 
9  10
10

25. COMPUTING The term bit, short for binary digit, was first used in 1946 by John Tukey.
A single bit holds a zero or a one. Some computers use 32-bit numbers, or strings of
32 consecutive bits, to identify each address in their memories. Each 32-bit number
corresponds to a number in our base-ten system. The largest 32-bit number is nearly
4,295,000,000. Write this number in scientific notation.

26. LIGHT When light passes through water, its velocity is reduced by 25%. If the speed of
light in a vacuum is 1.86  105 miles per second, at what velocity does it travel through
water? Write your answer in scientific notation.

27. TREES Deciduous and coniferous trees are hard to distinguish in a black-and-white
photo. But because deciduous trees reflect infrared energy better than coniferous trees,
the two types of trees are more distinguishable in an infrared photo. If an infrared
wavelength measures about 8  107 meters and a blue wavelength measures about
4.5  107 meters, about how many times longer is the infrared wavelength than the
blue wavelength?

Chapter 6 9 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-1 Word Problem Practice

Properties of Exponents
1. MASS Joseph operates a forklift. He is 4. POPULATION As of November 2004,
able to lift 4.72  103 kilograms with the United States Census Bureau
the forklift. There are 103 grams in estimated the population of the United
1 kilogram. How many grams is States as 297,681,499 and the world
4.72  103 kilograms? Express your population as 6,479,541,872. Write the
answer in scientific notation. ratio of the United States population to
the world population in scientific
notation.

2. DENSITY The density of an object is

equal to its mass divided by its volume.
A dumbbell has a mass of 9  103 grams
and a volume of 1.2  103 cubic GLASS TABLES For Exercises 5 and 6,
centimeters. use the following information.

Evan builds rectangular glass coffee tables.

The area A of the tabletop is given by
A =
w, where
is the length of the table
and w is the width of the table.

What is the density of the dumbbell?

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

w
3. THE EARTH Earth’s diameter is
approximately 1.2756  104 kilometers. 5. The larger the table surface, the thicker
The surface area of a sphere can be the glass must be. For this reason, the
found using the formula SA = 4πr2. cost of the table glass is proportional
to A2. What is A2 in terms of
and w?
Express your answer without using
parentheses.

1.2756 
10 4 km

6. The cost per unit length is proportional

A 2
to 

. Express the cost per unit length
What is the approximate surface area of
in terms of
and w. Express your
Earth? Express your answer in scientific
answer in simplest form.
notation.

Chapter 6 10 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-1 Enrichment

Properties of Exponents
The rules about powers and exponents are usually given with letters such as m, n,
and k to represent exponents. For example, one rule states that am  an  am
n.

In practice, such exponents are handled as algebraic expressions and the rules of
algebra apply.

Example 1 Simplify 2a2(a n  1  a 4n).

Lesson 6-1
2a2(an
1
a4n)  2a2  an
1
2a2  a4n Use the Distributive Law.

 2a2
n
1
2a2
4n Recall am  an  am
n.

 2an
3
2a2
4n Simplify the exponent 2
n
1 as n
3.

It is important always to collect like terms only.

Example 2 Simplify (a n  bm)2.

(an
bm)2  (an
bm)(an
bm)
F O I L
 a  a
a  b
a  b
b  bm
n n n m n m m The second and third terms are like terms.

 a2n
2anbm
b2m

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Exercises

Simplify each expression by performing the indicated operations.

1. 232m 2. (a3)n 3. (4nb2)k

4. (x3a j )m 5. (ayn)3 6. (bkx)2

7. (c2)hk 8. (2dn)5 9. (a2b)(anb2)

an 12x3
10. (xnym)(xmyn) 11. 2 12. n
a 4x

13. (ab2  a2b)(3an
4bn)

14. ab2(2a2bn  1
4abn
6bn
1)

Chapter 6 11 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-2 Lesson Reading Guide

Operations with Polynomials
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-2 in your textbook.
Suppose that Shenequa decides to enroll in a five-year engineering program rather
than a four-year program. Using the model given in your textbook, how could she
describe the tuition for the fifth year of her program?

Read the Lesson

1. State whether each expression is a polynomial.
a. 2r7
r5  r
1
b. 3x  2
x
c. 4  9x2
d. x2

2. State the degree of each polynomial.

a. 4r4  2r5
1
b. 3x  3x2
c. 6x2
2x  4

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

d. 5x
3

3. State whether or not each polynomial is in simplified form.

a. 3x2
3y2
b. 3x  11x
c. 6m3
m2
d. r2  2r

Remember What You Learned

4. You can always find the degree of a polynomial by remembering to look at the monomial
with the greatest degree. Write two polynomials of degree 3, two polynomials of degree 2,
and two polynomials of degree 1.

Chapter 6 12 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-2 Study Guide and Intervention

Operations with Polynomials
Add and Subtract Polynomials
Polynomial a monomial or a sum of monomials
Like Terms terms that have the same variable(s) raised to the same power(s)

To add or subtract polynomials, perform the indicated operations and combine like terms.

Example 1 Simplify 6rs  18r 2  5s2  14r 2  8rs  6s2.

6rs
18r2  5s2 14r2
8rs 6s2
 (18r2  14r2)
(6rs
8rs)
(5s2  6s2) Group like terms.
 4r2
2rs  11s2 Combine like terms.

Example 2 Simplify 4xy2  12xy  7x 2y  (20xy  5xy2  8x 2y).

4xy2
12xy  7x2y  (20xy
5xy2  8x2y)
 4xy2
12xy  7x2y  20xy  5xy2
8x2y Distribute the minus sign.
 (7x2y
8x2y )
(4xy2  5xy2)
(12xy  20xy) Group like terms.

Lesson 6-2
 x2y  xy2  8xy Combine like terms.

Exercises
Simplify.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1. (6x2  3x
2)  (4x2
x  3) 2. (7y2
12xy  5x2)
(6xy  4y2  3x2)

3. (4m2  6m)  (6m
4m2) 4. 27x2  5y2
12y2  14x2

5. (18p2
11pq  6q2)  (15p2  3pq
4q2) 6. 17j 2  12k2
3j 2  15j 2
14k2

7. (8m2  7n2)  (n2  12m2) 8. 14bc
6b  4c
8b  8c
8bc

9. 6r2s
11rs2
3r2s  7rs2
15r2s  9rs2 10. 9xy
11x2  14y2  (6y2  5xy  3x2)

11. (12xy  8x
3y)
(15x  7y  8xy) 12. 10.8b2  5.7b
7.2  (2.9b2  4.6b  3.1)

13. (3bc  9b2  6c2)
(4c2  b2
5bc) 14. 11x2
4y2
6xy
3y2  5xy  10x2

1 3 1 1 1 3
15.  x2   xy
 y2   xy
 y2   x2 16. 24p3  15p2
3p  15p3
13p2  7p
4 8 2 2 4 8

Chapter 6 13 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-2 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Operations with Polynomials

Multiply Polynomials You use the distributive property when you multiply
polynomials. When multiplying binomials, the FOIL pattern is helpful.

To multiply two binomials, add the products of

F the first terms,
FOIL Pattern O the outer terms,
I the inner terms, and
L the last terms.

Example 1 Find 4y(6  2y  5y 2).

4y(6  2y
5y2)  4y(6)
4y(2y)
4y(5y2) Distributive Property
 24y  8y2
20y3 Multiply the monomials.

Example 2 Find (6x  5)(2x  1).

(6x  5)(2x
1)  6x  2x
6x  1
(5)  2x
(5)  1
First terms Outer terms Inner terms Last terms
 12x
6x  10x  5
2 Multiply monomials.
 12x2  4x  5 Add like terms.

Exercises

Find each product.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1. 2x(3x2  5) 2. 7a(6  2a  a2) 3. 5y2( y2
2y  3)

4. (x  2)(x
7) 5. (5  4x)(3  2x) 6. (2x  1)(3x
5)

7. (4x
3)(x
8) 8. (7x  2)(2x  7) 9. (3x  2)(x
10)

10. 3(2a
5c)  2(4a  6c) 11. 2(a  6)(2a
7) 12. 2x(x
5)  x2(3  x)

13. (3t2  8)(t2
5) 14. (2r
7)2 15. (c
7)(c  3)

16. (5a
7)(5a  7) 17. (3x2  1)(2x2
5x)

18. (x2  2)(x2  5) 19. (x
1)(2x2  3x
1)

20. (2n2  3)(n2
5n  1) 21. (x  1)(x2  3x
4)

Chapter 6 14 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-2 Skills Practice

Operations with Polynomials
Determine whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, state the
degree of the polynomial.
b2c 1
1. x2
2x
2 2. 4 3. 8xz
 y
d 2

Simplify.

4. (g
5)
(2g
7) 5. (5d
5)  (d
1)

6. (x2  3x  3)
(2x2
7x  2) 7. (2f 2  3f  5)
(2f 2  3f
8)

8. (4r2  6r
2)  (r2
3r
5) 9. (2x2  3xy)  (3x2  6xy  4y2)

Lesson 6-2
10. (5t  7)
(2t2
3t
12) 11. (u  4)  (6
3u2  4u)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

12. 5(2c2  d 2) 13. x2(2x
9)

14. 2q(3pq
4q4) 15. 8w(hk2
10h3m4  6k5w3)

16. m2n3(4m2n2  2mnp  7) 17. 3s2y(2s4y2
3sy3
4)

18. (c
2)(c
8) 19. (z  7)(z
4)

20. (a  5)2 21. (2x  3)(3x  5)

22. (r  2s)(r
2s) 23. (3y
4)(2y  3)

24. (3  2b)(3
2b) 25. (3w
1)2

Chapter 6 15 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-2 Practice
Operations with Polynomials
Determine whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, state the
degree of the polynomial.
4 12m8n9
1. 5x3
2xy4
6xy 2.   ac  a5d3 3. 2
3 (m  n)
5 6
4. 25x3z  x78
 5. 6c2
c  1 6. 

r s

Simplify.

7. (3n2
1)
(8n2  8) 8. (6w  11w2)  (4
7w2)

9. (6n  13n2)
(3n
9n2) 10. (8x2  3x)  (4x2
5x  3)

11. (5m2  2mp  6p2)  (3m2
5mp
p2) 12. (2x2  xy
y2)
(3x2
4xy
3y2)

13. (5t  7)
(2t2
3t
12) 14. (u  4)  (6
3u2  4u)

15. 9( y2  7w) 16. 9r4y2(3ry7
2r3y4  8r10)

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

17. 6a2w(a3w  aw4) 18. 5a2w3(a2w6  3a4w2
9aw6)

3
19. 2x2(x2
xy  2y2) 20.   ab3d2(5ab2d5  5ab)
5

21. (v2  6)(v2
4) 22. (7a
9y)(2a  y)

23. ( y  8)2 24. (x2
5y)2

25. (5x
4w)(5x  4w) 26. (2n4  3)(2n4
3)

27. (w
2s)(w2  2ws
4s2) 28. (x
y)(x2  3xy
2y2)

29. BANKING Terry invests $1500 in two mutual funds. The first year, one fund grows 3.8%
and the other grows 6%. Write a polynomial to represent the amount Terry’s $1500
grows to in that year if x represents the amount he invested in the fund with the lesser
growth rate.

30. GEOMETRY The area of the base of a rectangular box measures 2x2
4x  3 square
units. The height of the box measures x units. Find a polynomial expression for the
volume of the box.

Chapter 6 16 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-2 Word Problem Practice

Operations with Polynomials
1. ROLLER COASTERS A roller coaster 4. CONSTRUCTION A rectangular deck is
has a section of track that can be built around a square pool. The pool has
described mathematically by the side length s. The length of the deck is
expression 5 units longer than twice the side length
of the pool. The width of the deck is
1
 (x3  x). 3 units longer than the side length of
50
the pool. What is the area of the deck
Is this a polynomial? in terms of s?

2. JUGGLING When balls are being SAIL BOATS For Exercises 5–7, use the
juggled, the paths of the balls can be following information.
described mathematically. For a short
period of time, the altitudes of two balls Tamara requests a custom-made sail for her
are described by the polynomials sailboat. The base of her triangular sail is
16t2
7t
4 and 16t2
14t
4, 2x
1 and the height is 4x
6.
where t represents time. What is the
difference in altitudes between these

Lesson 6-2
two balls?
4x + 6

3. VOLUME The volume of a rectangular

prism is given by the product of its 2x + 1
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

length, width, and height. Samantha

has a rectangular prism that has a
length of b2 units, a width of a units, 5. Find the area of the sail.
and a height of ab + c units.

ab + c 6. If Tamara wants a different color on

each side of her sail, write a polynomial
a to represent the total amount of fabric
b2
she will need to make the sail.
What is the volume of Samantha’s
rectangular prism? Express your answer
in simplified form.
7. Tamara decides she also wants a
special trim for the hypotenuse of her
triangular sail. Write an expression
that describes the amount of trim she
will need.

Chapter 6 17 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-2 Enrichment

Polynomials with Fractional Coefficients

Polynomials may have fractional coefficients as long as there are no variables
in the denominators. Computing with fractional coefficients is performed in
the same way as computing with whole-number coefficients.

Simpliply. Write all coefficients as fractions.

35 2 1

73
1. m  p  n  p  m  n
7 3
5
2
3
4 

32 4 5

1
2.  x   y   z
 x
y
 z
 x   y
 z
3 4 4
2
5 
7
8
6
7
1
2 

12 1 1

56
3.  a2   ab
 b2
 a2
 ab   b2
3 4
2
3
3
4 

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

12 1 1

13
4.  a2   ab
 b2   a2   ab
 b2
3 4
1
2
5
6 

12 1 1

12
5.  a2   ab
 b2   a   b
3 4
2
3 

23 1 2

23
6.  a2   a
   a3
 a2   a
5 7
1
5
2
7 

23 3

45
7.  x2   x  2   x   x2  
4
1
6
1
2 

16 1 1 1

16
8. 
 x
 x4   x2   x3     x
3 6 2
1
3
1
3 

Chapter 6 18 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-3 Lesson Reading Guide

Dividing Polynomials
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-3 in your textbook.
Using the division symbol ( ), write the division problem that you would use
to answer the question asked in the introduction. (Do not actually divide.)

Read the Lesson

1. a. Explain in words how to divide a polynomial by a monomial.

b. If you divide a trinomial by a monomial and get a polynomial, what kind of

polynomial will the quotient be?

2. Look at the following division example that uses the division algorithm for polynomials.
2x
4
x  4
2x2  4x
7
2x2  8x
4x
7
4x  16
23
Which of the following is the correct way to write the quotient?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

23 23
A. 2x
4 B. x  4 C. 2x
4
 D. 
x4 x4

Lesson 6-3
3. If you use synthetic division to divide x3
3x2  5x  8 by x  2, the division will look
like this:
2 1 3 5 8
2 10 10
1 5 5 2
Which of the following is the answer for this division problem?
2
A. x2
5x
5 B. x2
5x
5

x2
2
C. x3
5x2
5x
 D. x3
5x2
5x
2
x2

Remember What You Learned

4. When you translate the numbers in the last row of a synthetic division into the quotient
and remainder, what is an easy way to remember which exponents to use in writing the
terms of the quotient?

Chapter 6 19 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-3 Study Guide and Intervention

Dividing Polynomials
Use Long Division To divide a polynomial by a monomial, use the properties of
exponents from Lesson 6-1.
To divide a polynomial by a polynomial, use a long division pattern. Remember that only
like terms can be added or subtracted.

Example 1 12p3t2r  21p2qtr2  9p3tr

Simplify




2 .
3p tr
12p3t2r  21p2qtr2  9p3tr 12p3t2r 21p2qtr2 9p3tr
     
3p2tr 3p2tr 3p2tr 3p2tr
12 21 9
  p3  2t2  1r1  1   p2  2qt1  1r2  1   p3  2t1  1r1  1
3 3 3
 4pt 7qr  3p

Example 2 Use long division to find (x3  8x2  4x  9)  (x  4).

x2  4x  12
x  4
x
3
8
x
2

4
x
9
()x  4x
3 2

4x2
4x
()4x2
16x
12x  9
()12x
48

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

57
The quotient is x2  4x  12, and the remainder is 57.
x3  8x2
4x  9 57
Therefore   x2  4x  12   .
x4 x4

Exercises

Simplify.
18a3
30a2 24mn6  40m2n3 60a2b3  48b4
84a5b2
1.  2. 
2 3 3. 
2
3a 4m n 12ab

4. (2x2  5x  3) (x  3) 5. (m2  3m  7) (m
2)

6. (p3  6) (p  1) 7. (t3  6t2
1) (t
2)

8. (x5  1) (x  1) 9. (2x3  5x2
4x  4) (x  2)

Chapter 6 20 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-3 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Dividing Polynomials
Use Synthetic Division
a procedure to divide a polynomial by a binomial using coefficients of the dividend and
Synthetic division
the value of r in the divisor x  r

Use synthetic division to find (2x3  5x2
5x  2) (x  1).

Step 1 Write the terms of the dividend so that the degrees of the terms are in 2x 3  5x 2
5x  2
descending order. Then write just the coefficients. 2 5 5 2
Step 2 Write the constant r of the divisor x  r to the left, In this case, r  1. 1 2 5 5 2
Bring down the first coefficient, 2, as shown.
2
Step 3 Multiply the first coefficient by r, 1  2  2. Write their product under the 1 2 5 5 2
second coefficient. Then add the product and the second coefficient: 2
5
2   3. 2 3
Step 4 Multiply the sum, 3, by r: 3  1  3. Write the product under the next 1 2 5 5 2
coefficient and add: 5
(3)  2. 2 3
2 3 2
Step 5 Multiply the sum, 2, by r: 2  1  2. Write the product under the next 1 2 5 5 2
coefficient and add: 2
2  0. The remainder is 0. 2 3 2
2 3 2 0

Thus, (2x3  5x2
5x  2) (x  1)  2x2  3x
2.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Exercises

Lesson 6-3
Simplify.

1. (3x3  7x2
9x  14) (x  2) 2. (5x3
7x2  x  3) (x
1)

3. (2x3
3x2  10x  3) (x
3) 4. (x3  8x2
19x  9) (x  4)

5. (2x3
10x2
9x
38) (x
5) 6. (3x3  8x2
16x  1) (x  1)

7. (x3  9x2
17x  1) (x  2) 8. (4x3  25x2
4x
20) (x  6)

9. (6x3
28x2  7x
9) (x
5) 10. (x4  4x3
x2
7x  2) (x  2)

11. (12x4
20x3  24x2
20x
35) (3x
5)

Chapter 6 21 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-3 Skills Practice

Dividing Polynomials
Simplify.
10c
6 12x
20
1.  2. 
2 4

15y3
6y2
3y 12x2  4x  8

3.  4. 
3y 4x

5. (15q6
5q2)(5q4)1 6. (4f 5  6f 4
12f 3  8f 2)(4f 2)1

7. (6j 2k  9jk2) 3jk 8. (4a2h2  8a3h
3a4) (2a2)

9. (n2
7n
10) (n
5) 10. (d 2
4d
3) (d
1)

11. (2s2
13s
15) (s
5) 12. (6y2
y  2)(2y  1)1

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

13. (4g2  9) (2g
3) 14. (2x2  5x  4) (x  3)

u2
5u  12 2x2  5x  4
15.  16. 
u3 x3

17. (3v2  7v  10)(v  4)1 18. (3t4
4t3  32t2  5t  20)(t
4)1

y3  y2  6 2x3  x2  19x
15
19.  20. 
y
2 x3

21. (4p3  3p2
2p) ( p  1) 22. (3c4
6c3  2c
4)(c
2)1

23. GEOMETRY The area of a rectangle is x3
8x2
13x  12 square units. The width of
the rectangle is x
4 units. What is the length of the rectangle?

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6-3 Practice
Dividing Polynomials
Simplify.
15r10  5r8
40r2 6k2m  12k3m2
9m3
1. 
4 2. 
2
5r 2km

3. (30x3y
12x2y2  18x2y) (6x2y) 4. (6w3z4  3w2z5
4w
5z) (2w2z)

5. (4a3  8a2
a2)(4a)1 6. (28d 3k2
d 2k2  4dk2)(4dk2)1

f 2
7f
10 2x2
3x  14
7.  8. 
f
2 x2

9. (a3  64) (a  4) 10. (b3
27) (b
3)

2x3
6x
152 2x3
4x  6

11.  12. 
x
4 x
3

13. (3w3
7w2  4w
3) (w
3) 14. (6y4
15y3  28y  6) (y
2)

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

15. (x4  3x3  11x2
3x
10) (x  5) 16. (3m5
m  1) (m
1)

Lesson 6-3
17. (x4  3x3
5x  6)(x
2)1 18. (6y2  5y  15)(2y
3)1

4x2  2x
6 6x2  x  7
19.  20. 
2x  3 3x
1

21. (2r3
5r2  2r  15) (2r  3) 22. (6t3
5t2  2t
1) (3t
1)

4p4  17p2
14p  3 2h4  h3
h2
h  3

23.  24. 
2p  3 2 h 1

25. GEOMETRY The area of a rectangle is 2x2  11x
15 square feet. The length of the
rectangle is 2x  5 feet. What is the width of the rectangle?

26. GEOMETRY The area of a triangle is 15x4
3x3
4x2  x  3 square meters. The
length of the base of the triangle is 6x2  2 meters. What is the height of the triangle?

Chapter 6 23 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-3 Word Problem Practice

Dividing Polynomials
1. REMAINDERS Jordan divided the 4. AREA The area of a large rectangular
polynomial x4
x  6 into the sheet is s3
3s2
4s
1 square inches.
polynomial p(x) yesterday. Today his
work is smudged and he cannot read
p(x) or most of his answer. The only part
he could read was the remainder x
4. s+1
His teacher wants him to find p(3).
What is p(3)?
?

If the length of the sheet is s
1 inches,

2. LONG DIVISION Dana used long what is the width of the sheet?
division to divide x4
x3
x2
x
1
by x
2. Her work is shown below with
three numbers missing.

x3  x2
3x  5
x
2x4
x3
x2

x 1

 NUMBER THEORY For Exercises 5-6,
()x 4
2x 3 use the following information.
3
x
A
() x3  2x2 Mr. Collins has his class working with bases
2 and polynomials. He wrote on the board
3x
x
() 3x2
B that the number 1111 in base B has the


Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

5x
1 value B3
B2
B
1. The class was then
() 5x  10 given the following questions to answer.

C
5. The number 11 in base B has the value
What are A, B, and C? B
1. What is 1111 (in base B) divided
by 11 (in base B)?

3. AVERAGES Shelby is a statistician.

She has a list of n
1 numbers and she
needs to find their average. Two of the
numbers are n3 and 2. Each of the other
n  1 numbers are all equal to 1. What
is the average of these numbers? 6. The number 111 in base B has the value
B2
B
1. What is 1111 (in base B)
divided by 111 (in base B)?

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-3 Enrichment

Oblique Asymptotes
The graph of y  ax
b, where a  0, is called an oblique asymptote of y  f(x)
if the graph of f comes closer and closer to the line as x → ∞ or x → ∞. ∞ is the
mathematical symbol for infinity, which means endless.
2
For f(x)  3x
4
, y  3x
4 is an oblique asymptote because
x
2 2
f(x)  3x  4  , and  → 0 as x → ∞ or ∞. In other words, as | x |
x x
2
increases, the value of  gets smaller and smaller approaching 0.
x

Example x2  8x  15
Find the oblique asymptote for f(x) 

.
x2
2 1 8 15 Use synthetic division.
2 12
1 6 3

x2
8x
15 3
y    x
6

x
2 x
2
3
As | x | increases, the value of  gets smaller. In other words, since
x
2
3
 → 0 as x → ∞ or x → ∞, y  x
6 is an oblique asymptote.
x
2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Exercises

Lesson 6-3
Use synthetic division to find the oblique asymptote for each function.

8x2  4x
11
1. y  
x
5

x2
3x  15
2. y  
x2

x2  2x  18
3. y  
x3

ax2
bx
c
4. y  
xd

ax2
bx
c
5. y  
x
d

Chapter 6 25 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-4 Lesson Reading Guide

Polynomial Functions
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-4 in your textbook.
• In the honeycomb cross section shown in your textbook, there is 1 hexagon in the
center, 6 hexagons in the second ring, and 12 hexagons in the third ring. How many
hexagons will there be in the fourth, fifth, and sixth rings?
• There is 1 hexagon in a honeycomb with 1 ring. There are 7 hexagons in a
honeycomb with 2 rings. How many hexagons are there in honeycombs with
3 rings, 4 rings, 5 rings, and 6 rings?

Read the Lesson

1. Give the degree and leading coefficient of each polynomial in one variable.
degree leading coefficient
a. 10x3
3x2  x
7
b. 7y2  2y5
y  4y3
c. 100

2. Match each description of a polynomial function from the list on the left with the

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

corresponding end behavior from the list on the right.

a. even degree, negative leading coefficient i. f(x) →
as x →
;

f(x) →
as x → 

b. odd degree, positive leading coefficient ii. f(x) →  as x →
;

f(x) →
as x → 

c. odd degree, negative leading coefficient iii. f(x) →  as x →
;

f(x) →  as x → 

d. even degree, positive leading coefficient iv. f(x) →
as x →
;

f(x) →  as x → 

Remember What You Learned

3. What is an easy way to remember the difference between the end behavior of the graphs
of even-degree and odd-degree polynomial functions?

Chapter 6 26 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-4 Study Guide and Intervention

Polynomial Functions
Polynomial Functions
A polynomial of degree n in one variable x is an expression of the form
Polynomial in a0x n
a1x n  1
…
an  2x 2
an  1x
an,
One Variable where the coefficients a0, a1, a2, …, an represent real numbers, a0 is not zero,
and n represents a nonnegative integer.

The degree of a polynomial in one variable is the greatest exponent of its variable. The
leading coefficient is the coefficient of the term with the highest degree.

A polynomial function of degree n can be described by an equation of the form

Polynomial P(x )  a0x n
a1x n  1
…
an  2x 2
an  1x
an,
Function where the coefficients a0, a1, a2, …, an represent real numbers, a0 is not zero,
and n represents a nonnegative integer.

Example 1 What are the degree and leading coefficient of 3x2  2x4  7  x3 ?
Rewrite the expression so the powers of x are in decreasing order.
2x4
x3
3x2  7
This is a polynomial in one variable. The degree is 4, and the leading coefficient is 2.

Example 2 Find f(5) if f(x)  x3  2x2  10x  20.

f(x) 
x3  10x
20
2x2 Original function
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

f(5)  (5)
2(5)  10(5)
20

3 2 Replace x with 5.
 125
50
50
20 Evaluate.
 5 Simplify.

Example 3 Find g(a2  1) if g(x)  x2  3x  4.

g(x)  x2
3x  4 Original function
g(a2  1)  (a2  1)2
3(a2  1)  4 Replace x with a 2  1.
 a  2a
1
3a  3  4 Evaluate.
4 2 2

 a4
a2  6 Simplify.

Lesson 6-4
Exercises

State the degree and leading coefficient of each polynomial in one variable. If it is
not a polynomial in one variable, explain why.
1. 3x4
6x3  x2
12 2. 100  5x3
10x7 3. 4x6
6x4
8x8  10x2
20
x2 x6 x3 1
4. 4x2  3xy
16y2 5. 8x3  9x5
4x2  36 6.   
  
18 25 36 72

Find f(2) and f(5) for each function.

7. f(x)  x2  9 8. f(x)  4x3  3x2
2x  1 9. f(x)  9x3  4x2
5x
7

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6-4 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Polynomial Functions
Graphs of Polynomial Functions
If the degree is even and the leading coefficient is positive, then
f(x) →
as x → 
f(x) →
as x →

If the degree is even and the leading coefficient is negative, then
f(x) →  as x → 
End Behavior
f(x) →  as x →

of Polynomial
If the degree is odd and the leading coefficient is positive, then
Functions
f(x) →  as x → 
f(x) →
as x →

If the degree is odd and the leading coefficient is negative, then
f(x) →
as x → 
f(x) →  as x →

The maximum number of zeros of a polynomial function is equal to the degree of the polynomial.
Real Zeros of
A zero of a function is a point at which the graph intersects the x-axis.
a Polynomial
On a graph, count the number of real zeros of the function by counting the number of times the
Function
graph crosses or touches the x-axis.

Example Determine whether the graph represents an odd-degree

polynomial or an even-degree polynomial. Then state the number of real zeros.
f (x ) As x →  , f(x) →  and as x →
, f(x) →
,

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

so it is an odd-degree polynomial function.
The graph intersects the x-axis at 1 point,
so the function has 1 real zero.
O x

Exercises

Determine whether each graph represents an odd-degree polynomial or an even-

degree polynomial. Then state the number of real zeros.

1. f (x ) 2. f (x ) 3. f (x )

O x O x O x

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-4 Skills Practice

Polynomial Functions
State the degree and leading coefficient of each polynomial in one variable. If it is
not a polynomial in one variable, explain why.

1. a
8 2. (2x  1)(4x2
3)

3. 5x5
3x3  8 4. 18  3y
5y2  y5
7y6

1
5. u3
4u2v2
v4 6. 2r  r2
2
r

Find p(1) and p(2) for each function.

7. p(x)  4  3x 8. p(x)  3x
x2

9. p(x)  2x2  4x
1 10. p(x)  2x3
5x
3

1 2
11. p(x)  x4
8x2  10 12. p(x)  x2  x
2
3 3

If p(x)  4x2  3 and r(x)  1  3x, find each value.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

13. p(a) 14. r(2a)

15. 3r(a) 16. 4p(a)

17. p(a2) 18. r(x
2)

For each graph,

a. describe the end behavior,
b. determine whether it represents an odd-degree or an even-degree polynomial
function, and

Lesson 6-4
c. state the number of real zeroes.

19. f (x ) 20. f (x ) 21. f (x )

O x O x O x

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-4 Practice
Polynomial Functions
State the degree and leading coefficient of each polynomial in one variable. If it is
not a polynomial in one variable, explain why.
1 3 4
1. (3x2
1)(2x2  9) 2. a3  a2
a
5 5 5
2
3. 2
3m  12 4. 27
3xy3  12x2y2  10y
m

Find p(2) and p(3) for each function.

5. p(x)  x3  x5 6. p(x)  7x2
5x
9 7. p(x)  x5
4x3

1 1 1 2
8. p(x)  3x3  x2
2x  5 9. p(x)  x4
x3  x 10. p(x)  x3
x2
3x
2 2 3 3

If p(x)  3x2  4 and r(x)  2x2  5x  1, find each value.

11. p(8a) 12. r(a2) 13. 5r(2a)

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

14. r(x
2) 15. p(x2  1) 16. 5[p(x
2)]

For each graph,

a. describe the end behavior,
b. determine whether it represents an odd-degree or an even-degree polynomial
function, and
c. state the number of real zeroes.
17. f (x ) 18. f (x ) 19. f (x )

O x O x O x

20. WIND CHILL The function C(s)  0.013s2  s  7 estimates the wind chill temperature
C(s) at 0 F for wind speeds s from 5 to 30 miles per hour. Estimate the wind chill
temperature at 0 F if the wind speed is 20 miles per hour.

Chapter 6 30 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-4 Word Problem Practice

Polynomial Functions
1. MANUFACTURING A metal sheet is 4. DRILLING A drill bit is shaped like a
curved according to the shape of the cone and used to make conical
graph of f(x)  x4  9x2. What is the indentations in a piece of wood. The
degree of this polynomial? volume of wood removed depends on the
depth of the indentation. If the depth is
d millimeters, then the volume V of
2. GRAPHS Kendra graphed the wood removed is V  πd3. The formula
polynomial f(x) shown below. for the depth d of the indentation being
created is d  t2, where t is the amount
y
of time that it takes to reach the depth.

O x d

What is the volume of wood removed as

a function of time t?

From this graph, describe the end TRIANGLES For Exercises 5 and 6, use
behavior, degree, and sign of the leading the following information.
coefficient.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Dylan drew n dots on a piece of paper

making sure that no line contained 3 of the
dots. The number of triangles that can be
made using the dots as vertices is equal to
1
f(n)   (n3  3n2
2n).
3. PENTAGONAL NUMBERS The nth 6
pentagonal number is given by the
expression
n(3n  1)
 .
2

Lesson 6-4
What is the degree of this polynomial?
What is the seventh pentagonal
number?
5. What is the degree of f ?

6. If Dylan drew 15 dots, how many

triangles can be made?

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-4 Enrichment

Approximation by Means of Polynomials

Many scientific experiments produce pairs of numbers [x, f (x)] that can
be related by a formula. If the pairs form a function, you can fit a
polynomial to the pairs in exactly one way. Consider the pairs given by
the following table.
x 1 2 4 7
f (x) 6 11 39 54

We will assume the polynomial is of degree three. Substitute the given

values into this expression.
f(x)  A
B(x  x0)
C(x  x0)(x  x1)
D(x  x0)(x  x1)(x  x2)
You will get the system of equations shown below. You can solve this system
and use the values for A, B, C, and D to find the desired polynomial.
6A
11  A
B(2  1)  A
B
39  A
B(4  1)
C(4  1)(4  2)  A
3B
6C
54  A
B(7  1)
C(7  1)(7  2)
D(7  1)(7  2)(7  4)  A
6B
30C
90D

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Solve.

1. Solve the system of equations for the values A, B, C, and D.

2. Find the polynomial that represents the four ordered pairs. Write your
answer in the form y  a
bx
cx2
dx3.

3. Find the polynomial that gives the following values.

x 8 12 15 20
f (x) 207 169 976 3801

4. A scientist measured the volume f(x) of carbon dioxide gas that can be
absorbed by one cubic centimeter of charcoal at pressure x. Find the
values for A, B, C, and D.
x 120 340 534 698
f (x) 3.1 5.5 7.1 8.3

Chapter 6 32 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-5 Lesson Reading Guide

Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-5 in your textbook.
Three points on the graph shown in your textbook are (0, 14), (70, 3.78), and (100, 9).
Give the real-world meaning of the coordinates of these points.

Read the Lesson

1. Suppose that f(x) is a third-degree polynomial function and that c and d are real
numbers, with d c. Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (Remember that
true means always true.)

a. If f(c) 0 and f(d) 0, there is exactly one real zero between c and d.

b. If f(c)  f(d)  0, there are no real zeros between c and d.

c. If f(c) 0 and f(d) 0, there is at least one real zero between c and d.

2. Match each graph with its description.

a. third-degree polynomial with one relative maximum and one relative minimum;
leading coefficient negative
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

b. fourth-degree polynomial with two relative minima and one relative maximum

c. third-degree polynomial with one relative maximum and one relative minimum;
leading coefficient positive

d. fourth-degree polynomial with two relative maxima and one relative minimum
i. f (x ) ii. f (x ) iii. f (x ) iv. f (x )

O x O x O x O x

Remember What You Learned

Lesson 6-5

3. The origins of words can help you to remember their meaning and to distinguish
between similar words. Look up maximum and minimum in a dictionary and describe
their origins (original language and meaning).

Chapter 6 33 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-5 Study Guide and Intervention

Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions
Graph Polynomial Functions
Suppose y  f(x) represents a polynomial function and a and b are two numbers such that
Location Principle
f(a) 0 and f(b) 0. Then the function has at least one real zero between a and b.

Example Determine the values of x between which each real zero of the
function f(x)  2x4  x3  5 is located. Then draw the graph.
Make a table of values. Look at the values of f(x) to locate the zeros. Then use the points to
sketch a graph of the function.
x f(x) f (x ) The changes in sign indicate that there are zeros
between x  2 and x  1 and between x  1 and
2 35
x  2.
1 2 O x
0 5
1 4
2 19

Exercises

Graph each function by making a table of values. Determine the values of x at

which or between which each real zero is located.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1. f(x)  x3  2x2
1 2. f(x)  x4
2x3  5 3. f(x)  x4
2x2  1
f (x ) f (x ) f (x )
8
O x O x
4

–8 –4 O 4 8x
–4

–8

4. f(x)  x3  3x2
4 5. f(x)  3x3
2x  1 6. f(x)  x4  3x3
1

f (x ) f (x ) f (x )

O x
O x
O x

Chapter 6 34 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-5 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions

Maximum and Minimum Points A quadratic function has either a maximum or a
minimum point on its graph. For higher degree polynomial functions, you can find turning
points, which represent relative maximum or relative minimum points.

Example Graph f(x)  x3  6x2  3. Estimate the x-coordinates at which the

relative maxima and minima occur.
Make a table of values and graph the function.
x f(x) f (x ) A relative maximum occurs
24 at x  4 and a relative
5 22
minimum occurs at x  0.
4 29 ← indicates a relative maximum 16

3 24 8
2 13 O
–4 –2 2 x
1 2 ← zero between x  1, x  0
0 3 ← indicates a relative minimum
1 4
2 29

Exercises

Graph each function by making a table of values. Estimate the x-coordinates at

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

which the relative maxima and minima occur.

1. f(x)  x3  3x2 2. f(x)  2x3
x2  3x 3. f(x)  2x3  3x
2
f (x ) f (x ) f (x )

O x
O x O x

4. f(x)  x4  7x  3 5. f(x)  x5  2x2
2 6. f(x)  x3
2x2  3

f (x ) f (x ) f (x )
8

–8 –4 O 4 8x O x O x
Lesson 6-5

–4

–8

Chapter 6 35 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-5 Skills Practice

Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions
Complete each of the following.
a. Graph each function by making a table of values.
b. Determine consecutive values of x between which each real zero is located.
c. Estimate the x-coordinates at which the relative maxima and minima occur.
1. f(x)  x3  3x2
1 2. f(x)  x3  3x
1
x f(x) f (x ) x f(x) f (x )

2 3
1 2
O x O x
0 1
1 0
2 1
3 2
4 3

3. f(x)  2x3
9x2
12x
2 4. f(x)  2x3  3x2
2

x f(x) f (x ) x f(x) f (x )

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

3 1
2 0
O x O x
1 1
0 2
1 3

5. f(x)  x4  2x2  2 6. f(x)  0.5x4  4x2
4

x f(x) f (x ) x f(x) f (x )

3 3
2 2
O x O x
1 1
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3

Chapter 6 36 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-5 Practice
Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions
Complete each of the following.
a. Graph each function by making a table of values.
b. Determine consecutive values of x between which each real zero is located.
c. Estimate the x-coordinates at which the relative and relative minima occur.
1. f(x)  x3
3x2  3 2. f(x)  x3  1.5x2  6x
1
x f(x) f (x ) x f(x) f (x )
8
2 2
4
1 1
O x –4 –2 O 2 4x
0 0
–4
1 1
2 2 –8

3 3
4 4

3. f(x)  0.75x4
x3  3x2
4 4. f(x)  x4
4x3
6x2
4x  3

x f(x) f (x ) x f(x) f (x )
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

O x O x

PRICES For Exercises 5 and 6, use the following information.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) gives the relative price
Consumer Price Index

179
for a fixed set of goods and services. The CPI from 178
September, 2000 to July, 2001 is shown in the graph. 177
Source: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 176
175
5. Describe the turning points of the graph. 174
173
0
Lesson 6-5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6. If the graph were modeled by a polynomial equation, Months Since September, 2000
what is the least degree the equation could have?

7. LABOR A town’s jobless rate can be modeled by (1, 3.3), (2, 4.9), (3, 5.3), (4, 6.4), (5, 4.5),
(6, 5.6), (7, 2.5), (8, 2.7). How many turning points would the graph of a polynomial
function through these points have? Describe them.

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-5 Word Problem Practice

Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions
1. LANDSCAPES Jalen uses a fourth- 3. VALUE A banker models the expected
degree polynomial to describe the shape value of a company in millions of dollars
of two hills in the background of a video by the formula n3  3n2, where n is the
game that he is helping to write. The number of years in business. Sketch a
graph of the polynomial is shown below. graph of v  n3  3n2.

y y

O x
O x

CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS For Exercises

Estimate the x-coordinates at which the 4 and 5, use the following information.
relative maxima and relative minima Ms. Sanchez asks her students to write
occur. expressions to represent five consecutive
integers. One solution is x  2, x  1, x,
x
1, and x
2. The product of these five
consecutive integers is given by the fifth

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

degree polynomial f(x)  x5  5x3
4x.
2. CANYONS The graph shows the cross 4. For what values of x is f(x)  0?
section of an underwater canyon.
y 5. Sketch the graph of y  f(x).
y

O x

O x

If you were to model this graph by a

polynomial, what is the smallest degree
that the equation could have?

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6-5 Enrichment

Golden Rectangles
Use a straightedge, a compass, and the instructions below to construct
a golden rectangle.

1. Construct square ABCD with sides of

2 centimeters.

B
2. Construct the midpoint of A
. Call the
midpoint M.

3. Using M as the center, set your compass

opening at MC. Construct an arc with

B
center M that intersects A
. Call the point
of intersection P.

4. Construct a line through P that is

perpendicular to

AB
.

C
5. Extend D
so that it intersects the
perpendicular. Call the intersection point Q.
APQD is a golden rectangle. Check this
QP
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

conclusion by finding the value of

.

AP

A figure consisting of similar golden rectangles is shown below. Use a

compass and the instructions below to draw quarter-circle arcs that
form a spiral like that found in the shell of a chambered nautilus.

6. Using A as a center, draw C

an arc that passes through
B and C.

7. Using D as a center, draw

an arc that passes through
C and E.
L F
8. Using F as a center, draw D E
an arc that passes through M
J H
E and G. K
Lesson 6-5

9. Continue drawing arcs,

B
using H, K, and M as A G
the centers.

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-6 Lesson Reading Guide

Solving Polynomial Equations
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-6 in your textbook.
If a trinomial that represents the volume of a box is factored into three binomials,
what might the three binomials represent?

Read the Lesson

1. Name three types of binomials that it is always possible to factor.

2. Name a type of trinomial that it is always possible to factor.

3. Complete: Since x2
y2 cannot be factored, it is an example of a

polynomial.

4. On an algebra quiz, Marlene needed to factor 2x2  4x  70. She wrote the following
answer: (x
5)(2x  14). When she got her quiz back, Marlene found that she did not
get full credit for her answer. She thought she should have gotten full credit because she

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

checked her work by multiplication and showed that (x
5)(2x  14)  2x2  4x  70.
a. If you were Marlene’s teacher, how would you explain to her that her answer was not
entirely correct?

b. What advice could Marlene’s teacher give her to avoid making the same kind of error
in factoring in the future?

Remember What You Learned

5. Some students have trouble remembering the correct signs in the formulas for the sum
and difference of two cubes. What is an easy way to remember the correct signs?

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6-6 Study Guide and Intervention

Solving Polynomial Equations
Factor Polynomials

Lesson 6-6
For any number of terms, check for:
greatest common factor
For two terms, check for:
Difference of two squares
a 2  b 2  (a
b)(a  b)
Sum of two cubes
a 3
b 3  (a
b)(a 2  ab
b 2)
Difference of two cubes
a 3  b 3  (a  b)(a 2
ab
b 2)
Techniques for
Factoring Polynomials For three terms, check for:
Perfect square trinomials
a 2
2ab
b 2  (a
b)2
a 2  2ab
b 2  (a  b)2
General trinomials
acx 2
(ad
bc)x
bd  (ax
b)(cx
d)
For four terms, check for:
Grouping
ax
bx
ay
by  x(a
b)
y(a
b)
 (a
b)(x
y)

Example Factor 24x2  42x  45.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

First factor out the GCF to get 24x2  42x  45  3(8x2  14x  15). To find the coefficients
of the x terms, you must find two numbers whose product is 8  (15)  120 and whose
sum is 14. The two coefficients must be 20 and 6. Rewrite the expression using 20x and
6x and factor by grouping.
8x2  14x  15  8x2  20x
6x  15 Group to find a GCF.
 4x(2x  5)
3(2x  5) Factor the GCF of each binomial.
 (4x
3)(2x  5) Distributive Property

Thus, 24x2  42x  45  3(4x
3)(2x  5).

Exercises

Factor completely. If the polynomial is not factorable, write prime.

1. 14x2y2
42xy3 2. 6mn
18m  n  3 3. 2x2
18x
16

4. x4  1 5. 35x3y4  60x4y 6. 2r3
250

7. 100m8  9 8. x2
x
1 9. c4
c3  c2  c

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6-6 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Solving Polynomial Equations

Solve Equations Using Quadratic Form If a polynomial expression can be written
in quadratic form, then you can use what you know about solving quadratic equations to
solve the related polynomial equation.

Example 1 Solve x 4  40x 2  144  0.

x4  40x2
144  0 Original equation
(x )  40(x )
144  0
2 2 2 Write the expression on the left in quadratic form.
(x  4)(x  36)  0
2 2 Factor.
x2  4  0 or x2  36  0 Zero Product Property
(x  2)(x
2)  0 or (x  6)(x
6)  0 Factor.
x  2  0 or x
2  0 or x  6  0 or x
6  0 Zero Product Property
x  2 or x  2 or x  6 or x  6 Simplify.
The solutions are 2 and 6.

Example 2 Solve 2x 
x   15  0.
2x
x  15  0 Original equation
2(x)2
x  15  0 Write the expression on the left in quadratic form.
(2x 5)(x
3)  0 Factor.
2x  5  0 or x
3  0 Zero Product Property
5
x   or x  3

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Simplify.
2
Since the principal square root of a number cannot be negative, x  3 has no solution.
25 1
The solution is  or 6  .
4 4

Exercises

Solve each equation.

1. x4  49 2. x4  6x2  8 3. x4  3x2  54

4. 3t6  48t2  0 5. m6  16m3
64  0 6. y4  5y2
4  0

1 7
7. x4  29x2
100  0 8. 4x4  73x2
144  0 9. 2  
12  0
x x

2 1
 
10. x  5x
6  0 11. x  10x
21  0 12. x 3  5x 3
6  0

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-6 Skills Practice

Solving Polynomial Equations
Factor completely. If the polynomial is not factorable, write prime.

Lesson 6-6
1. 7x2  14x 2. 19x3  38x2

3. 21x3  18x2y
24xy2 4. 8j 3k  4jk3  7

5. a2
7a  18 6. 2ak  6a
k  3

7. b2
8b
7 8. z2  8z  10

9. 4f 2  64 10. d 2  12d
36

11. 9x2
25 12. y2
18y
81

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

13. n3  125 14. m4  1

Write each expression in quadratic form, if possible.

15. 5x4
2x2  8 16. 3y8  4y2
3

17 100a6
a3 18. x8
4x4
9

19. 12x4  7x2 20. 6b5
3b3  1

Solve each equation.

21. a3  9a2
14a  0 22. x3  3x2

23. t4  3t3  40t2  0 24. b3  8b2
16b  0

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6-6 Practice
Solving Polynomial Equations
Factor completely. If the polynomial is not factorable, write prime.

1. 15a2b  10ab2 2. 3st2  9s3t
6s2t2 3. 3x3y2  2x2y
5xy

4. 2x3y  x2y
5xy2
xy3 5. 21  7t
3r  rt 6. x2  xy
2x  2y

7. y2
20y
96 8. 4ab
2a
6b
3 9. 6n2  11n  2

10. 6x2
7x  3 11. x2  8x  8 12. 6p2  17p  45

Write each expression in quadratic form, if possible.

13. 10b4
3b2  11 14. 5x8
x2
6 15. 28d6
25d3

16. 4s8
4s4
7 17. 500x4  x2 18. 8b5  8b3  1

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Solve each equation.

19. y4  7y3  18y2  0 20. s5
4s4  32s3  0

21. m4  625  0 22. n4  49n2  0

23. x4  50x2
49  0 24. t4  21t2
80  0

25. PHYSICS A proton in a magnetic field follows a path on a coordinate grid modeled by
the function f(x)  x4  2x2  15. What are the x-coordinates of the points on the grid
where the proton crosses the x-axis?

26. SURVEYING Vista county is setting aside a large parcel of land to preserve it as open
space. The county has hired Meghan’s surveying firm to survey the parcel, which is in
the shape of a right triangle. The longer leg of the triangle measures 5 miles less than
the square of the shorter leg, and the hypotenuse of the triangle measures 13 miles less
than twice the square of the shorter leg. The length of each boundary is a whole number.
Find the length of each boundary.

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6-6 Word Problem Practice

Solving Polynomial Equations
1. CODES Marisa has been trying to 4. ROBOTS A robot explorer’s distance

Lesson 6-6
discover the secret code for a lock. After from its starting location is given by the
a long investigation, she discovers that polynomial t 5  29t3
100t, where t is
the numbers in the secret code are time measured in hours.
solutions of the polynomial equation
x4  68x3
1557x2  13770x
37800  Factor this polynomial.
0. After more work, Marisa found that
x4  68x3
1557x2  13770x
37800 
(x  5)(x  12)(x  21)(x  30). What
are the numbers in the secret code?

PACKAGING For Exercises 5-8, use the

following information.

A small box is placed inside a larger box.

2. OUTPUT Eduardo is a mechanical The dimensions of the small box are x
1
engineer. For one of his projects, he had by x
2 by x  1. The dimensions of the
to solve the polynomial equation larger box are 2x by x
4 by x
2.

m6
5m3  10  0.
x+1
Write the polynomial m6
5m3  10 in x+2
x1
quadratic form.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

x+2
x+4
2x

5. Write an expression for the volume of

the space inside the larger box but
3. VOLUME Jacob builds a wooden box. outside the smaller box.
The box is x inches high. The width is
3 inches more than the height, and the
length is 2 inches less than the height.
The volume of the box is 3 times the
6. If the volume of the space inside the
width.
larger box but outside the smaller box
is equal to 33x + 162 cubic units, what
is x?
x

x+3 x2
7. What is the volume of the smaller box?
What is x?

8. What is the volume of the larger box?

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6-6 Enrichment

History of Quadratic Equations

The ancient Babylonians are believed to be the first to solve quadratic equations,
around 400 B.C. Euclid, who devised a geometrical approach in 300 B.C., followed
them. Around 598–665 A.D., a Hindu mathematician named Brahmagupta created
an almost modern method for solving equations. Finally, around 800 A.D., an Arab
mathematician named al-Khwarizmi created a classification of quadratic equations.
He classified them into six different categories and devoted a chapter to each type.
His equations are made up of three different types of expressions: roots (x),
squares of roots (x2) and numbers.
For example, his first classification was squares equal to roots. A sample of this type
of equations is: x2  2x.
Now solve this quadratic equation.
x2  2x
x2  2x  0 Subtract 2x from each side.

x(x  2)  0 Factor.

x  0 or x  2  0 Set both factors equal to 0.

So, x  0 or 2 Solve.

Write and solve a sample problem for the remaining 5 classifications of

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

quadratic equations, according to al-Khwarizmi.

1. Squares equal to numbers.

2. Roots equal to numbers.

3. Squares and roots equal to numbers.

4. Squares and numbers equal to roots.

5. Roots and numbers equal to squares.

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-7 Lesson Reading Guide

The Remainder and Factor Theorems
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-7 in your textbook.
Show how you would use the model in the introduction to estimate the number of
international travelers (in millions) to the United States in the year 2000. (Show how you
would substitute numbers, but do not actually calculate the result.)

Lesson 6-7
Read the Lesson
1. Consider the following synthetic division.
1 3 2 6 4
3 5 1
3 5 1 3

a. Using the division symbol , write the division problem that is represented by this
synthetic division. (Do not include the answer.)

b. Identify each of the following for this division.

dividend divisor

quotient remainder
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

c. If f(x)  3x3
2x2  6x
4, what is f(1)?

2. Consider the following synthetic division.

3 1 0 0 27
3 9 27
1 3 9 0

a. This division shows that is a factor of .

b. The division shows that is a zero of the polynomial function

f(x)  .

c. The division shows that the point is on the graph of the polynomial
function f(x)  .

Remember What You Learned

3. Think of a mnemonic for remembering the sentence, “Dividend equals quotient times
divisor plus remainder.”

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6-7 Study Guide and Intervention

The Remainder and Factor Theorems
Synthetic Substitution
Remainder The remainder, when you divide the polynomial f(x ) by (x  a), is the constant f(a).
Theorem f(x)  q(x )  (x  a)
f(a), where q(x) is a polynomial with degree one less than the degree of f(x).

Example 1 If f(x)  3x4  2x3  5x2  x  2, find f(2).

Method 1 Synthetic Substitution Method 2 Direct Substitution
By the Remainder Theorem, f(2) should Replace x with 2.
be the remainder when you divide the f(x)  3x4
2x3  5x2
x  2
polynomial by x
2.
f(2)  3(2)4
2(2)3  5(2)2
(2)  2
2 3 2 5 1 2  48  16  20  2  2 or 8
6 8 6 10
So f(2)  8.
3 4 3 5 8
The remainder is 8, so f(2)  8.

Example 2 If f(x)  5x3  2x  1, find f(3).

Again, by the Remainder Theorem, f(3) should be the remainder when you divide the
polynomial by x  3.
3 5 0 2 1
15 45 141
5 15 47 140

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The remainder is 140, so f(3)  140.

Exercises

 12 
Use synthetic substitution to find f(5) and f
for each function.

1. f(x)  3x2
5x  1 2. f(x)  4x2
6x  7

3. f(x)  x3
3x2  5 4. f(x)  x4
11x2  1

Use synthetic substitution to find f(4) and f(3) for each function.

5. f(x)  2x3
x2  5x
3 6. f(x)  3x3  4x
2

7. f(x)  5x3  4x2
2 8. f(x)  2x4  4x3
3x2
x  6

9. f(x)  5x4
3x3  4x2  2x
4 10. f(x)  3x4  2x3  x2
2x  5

11. f(x)  2x4  4x3  x2  6x
3 12. f(x)  4x4  4x3
3x2  2x  3

Chapter 6 48 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-7 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

The Remainder and Factor Theorems

Factors of Polynomials The Factor Theorem can help you find all the factors of a
polynomial.

Factor Theorem The binomial x  a is a factor of the polynomial f(x) if and only if f(a)  0.

Example Show that x  5 is a factor of x 3  2x 2  13x  10. Then find the

remaining factors of the polynomial.
By the Factor Theorem, the binomial x
5 is a factor of the polynomial if 5 is a zero of the

Lesson 6-7
polynomial function. To check this, use synthetic substitution.
5 1 2 13 10
5 15 10
1 3 2 0
Since the remainder is 0, x
5 is a factor of the polynomial. The polynomial
x3
2x2  13x
10 can be factored as (x
5)(x2  3x
2). The depressed polynomial
x2  3x
2 can be factored as (x  2)(x  1).
So x3
2x2  13x
10  (x
5)(x  2)(x  1).

Exercises

Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining factors of the
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

polynomial. Some factors may not be binomials.

1. x3
x2  10x
8; x  2 2. x3  4x2  11x
30; x
3

3. x3
15x2
71x
105; x
7 4. x3  7x2  26x
72; x
4

5. 2x3  x2  7x
6; x  1 6. 3x3  x2  62x  40; x
4

7. 12x3  71x2
57x  10; x  5 8. 14x3
x2  24x
9; x  1

9. x3
x
10; x
2 10. 2x3  11x2
19x  28; x  4

11. 3x3  13x2  34x
24; x  6 12. x4
x3  11x2  9x
18; x  1

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6-7 Skills Practice

The Remainder and Factor Theorems
Use synthetic substitution to find f(2) and f(1) for each function.

1. f(x)  x2
6x
5 2. f(x)  x2  x
1

3. f(x)  x2  2x  2 4. f(x)  x3
2x2
5

5. f(x)  x3  x2  2x
3 6. f(x)  x3
6x2
x  4

7. f(x)  x3  3x2
x  2 8. f(x)  x3  5x2  x
6

9. f(x)  x4
2x2  9 10. f(x)  x4  3x3
2x2  2x
6

11. f(x)  x5  7x3  4x
10 12. f(x)  x6  2x5
x4
x3  9x2  20

Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining factors of the
polynomial. Some factors may not be binomials.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

13. x3
2x2  x  2; x
1 14. x3
x2  5x
3; x  1

15. x3
3x2  4x  12; x
3 16. x3  6x2
11x  6; x  3

17. x3
2x2  33x  90; x
5 18. x3  6x2
32; x  4

19. x3  x2  10x  8; x
2 20. x3  19x
30; x  2

21. 2x3
x2  2x  1; x
1 22. 2x3
x2  5x
2; x
2

23. 3x3
4x2  5x  2; 3x
1 24. 3x3
x2
x  2; 3x  2

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6-7 Practice
The Remainder and Factor Theorems
Use synthetic substitution to find f(3) and f(4) for each function.
1. f(x)  x2
2x
3 2. f(x)  x2  5x
10

3. f(x)  x2  5x  4 4. f(x)  x3  x2  2x
3

5. f(x)  x3
2x2
5 6. f(x)  x3  6x2
2x

7. f(x)  x3  2x2  2x
8 8. f(x)  x3  x2
4x  4

Lesson 6-7
9. f(x)  x3
3x2
2x  50 10. f(x)  x4
x3  3x2  x
12

11. f(x)  x4  2x2  x
7 12. f(x)  2x4  3x3
4x2  2x
1

13. f(x)  2x4  x3
2x2  26 14. f(x)  3x4  4x3
3x2  5x  3

15. f(x)  x5
7x3  4x  10 16. f(x)  x6
2x5  x4
x3  9x2
20

Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining factors of the
polynomial. Some factors may not be binomials.
17. x3
3x2  6x  8; x  2 18. x3
7x2
7x  15; x  1
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

19. x3  9x2
27x  27; x  3 20. x3  x2  8x
12; x
3

21. x3
5x2  2x  24; x  2 22. x3  x2  14x
24; x
4

23. 3x3  4x2  17x
6; x
2 24. 4x3  12x2  x
3; x  3

25. 18x3
9x2  2x  1; 2x
1 26. 6x3
5x2  3x  2; 3x  2

27. x5
x4  5x3  5x2
4x
4; x
1 28. x5  2x4
4x3  8x2  5x
10; x  2

29. POPULATION The projected population in thousands for a city over the next several
years can be estimated by the function P(x)  x3
2x2  8x
520, where x is the
number of years since 2005. Use synthetic substitution to estimate the population
for 2010.

30. VOLUME The volume of water in a rectangular swimming pool can be modeled by the
polynomial 2x3  9x2
7x
6. If the depth of the pool is given by the polynomial
2x
1, what polynomials express the length and width of the pool?

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6-7 Word Problem Practice

The Remainder and Factor Theorems
1. HEIGHT A ball tossed into the air 4. EXPONENTIALS The exponential
follows a parabolic trajectory. Its height function t  ex is a special function that
after t seconds is given by a polynomial you will learn about later. It is not a
of degree two with leading coefficient polynomial function. However, for small
16. Using synthetic substitution, values of x, the value of ex is very closely
Norman found that the polynomial approximated by the polynomial
evaluates to 0 for the values t  0 and function
t  4. What is the polynomial that
1 1
describes the ball’s height as a function e(x)   x3
 x2
x
1.
6 2
of t?
Use synthetic substitution to determine
e(0.1). Show your work.
2. SYNTHETIC SUBSTITUTION
Branford evaluates the polynomial
p(x)  x3  5x2
3x
5 for a factor
using synthetic substitution. Some of his
work is shown below. Unfortunately, the
factor and the solution have ink spots
over it.

1 5 3 5
11 66 759 VOLUME For Exercises 5-7, use the
1 6 69 following information.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

What is the factor he solved for? What is The Jackson family just had a pool installed
the hidden solution? in their backyard. The volume of the pool is
given by the polynomial

3. PROFIT The profits of Clyde’s v(x)  x3
10x2
31x
30.

Corporation can be modeled by the
polynomial 5. Use synthetic division to show that x
2
P(y)  y4  4y3
2y2
10y  200, is a factor of v(x). Show your work.
where y is the number of years after the
business was started. The chief financial
officer wants to know the value of P(10).
Use synthetic substitution to determine
P(10). Show your work.

6. Factor v(x) completely.

7. Determine v(18) using any method you

wish.

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6-7 Enrichment

Radical Notation
In 1494, the first Edition of Summa de arithmetica geometrica proprtioni et
proportionalita, now known as the Suma, was printed in Italy. The author, Luca Pacioli,
wrote the book as a summary of the mathematical knowledge at the time. However,
the notation used in the book is quite similar to the notation used today. For example,
to represent radicals, the following was used:
6 . p . R . 10
In our notation, the p represents “plus” and the R represents “radical.” So, 6 . p . R . 10

Lesson 6-7
means 6
10 .

1. What letter would you expect to represent subtraction?

2. Translate the following notations into modern notation.

a. 18 . m . R . 90

b. 108 . m . R . 3240 . p . R . 3240 . m . R . 900

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

c. 10 . R . 5 . p . 2 . R . 3

3. Translate the following into notations from 1494.


a. 3210


33
b. 216 

  2
711
c. 52 

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6-8 Lesson Reading Guide

Roots and Zeros
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-8 in your textbook.
Using the model given in the introduction, write a polynomial equation with 0 on
one side that can be solved to find the time or times at which there is 100 milligrams
of medication in a patient’s bloodstream.

Read the Lesson

1. Indicate whether each statement is true or false.
a. Every polynomial equation of degree greater than one has at least one root in the set
of real numbers.
b. If c is a root of the polynomial equation f(x)  0, then (x  c) is a factor of the
polynomial f(x).
c. If (x
c) is a factor of the polynomial f(x), then c is a zero of the polynomial
function f.
d. A polynomial function f of degree n has exactly (n  1) complex zeros.

2. Let f(x)  x6  2x5
3x4  4x3
5x2
6x  7.

a. What are the possible numbers of positive real zeros of f ?

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

b. Write f(x) in simplified form (with no parentheses).

What are the possible numbers of negative real zeros of f ?

c. Complete the following chart to show the possible combinations of positive real zeros,
negative real zeros, and imaginary zeros of the polynomial function f.

Number of Number of Number of Total Number

Positive Real Zeros Negative Real Zeros Imaginary Zeros of Zeros

Remember What You Learned

3. It is easier to remember mathematical concepts and results if you relate them to each
other. How can the Complex Conjugates Theorem help you remember the part of
Descartes’ Rule of Signs that says, “or is less than this number by an even number.”

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6-8 Study Guide and Intervention

Roots and Zeros
Types of Roots The following statements are equivalent for any polynomial function f(x).
• c is a zero of the polynomial function f(x).
• (x
c) is a factor of the polynomial f(x).
• c is a root or solution of the polynomial equation f(x)  0.
If c is real, then (c, 0) is an intercept of the graph of f(x).

Fundamental Every polynomial equation with degree greater than zero has at least one root in the set
Theorem of Algebra of complex numbers.
Corollary to the A polynomial equation of the form P (x)  0 of degree n with complex coefficients has
Fundamental exactly n roots in the set of complex numbers.
Theorem of Algebras
If P(x) is a polynomial with real coefficients whose terms are arranged in descending
powers of the variable,
• the number of positive real zeros of y  P(x) is the same as the number of changes in
Descartes’ Rule
sign of the coefficients of the terms, or is less than this by an even number, and
of Signs
• the number of negative real zeros of y  P(x) is the same as the number of changes in
sign of the coefficients of the terms of P (
x), or is less than this number by an even

Lesson 6-8
number.

Example 1 Solve the Example 2 State the number of positive

equation 6x
3x  0 and state
3 real zeros, negative real zeros, and imaginary
the number and type of roots. zeros for p(x)  4x4  3x3
x2
2x  5.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

6x3  3x  0 Since p(x) has degree 4, it has 4 zeros.

3x(2x2  1)  0 Since there are three sign changes, there are 3 or 1
Use the Zero Product Property. positive real zeros.
3x  0 or 2x2  1  0 Find p(
x) and count the number of changes in
sign for its coefficients.
x  0 or 2x2 
1
i
2 p(
x)  4(
x)4
3(
x)3  (
x)2  2(
x)
5
x    4x4  3x3  x2
2x
5
2
The equation has one real root, 0, Since there is one sign change, there is exactly 1
negative real zero.
i
2
and two imaginary roots,   . Thus, there are 3 positive and 1 negative real
2
zero or 1 positive and 1 negative real zeros and
2 imaginary zeros.

Exercises

Solve each equation and state the number and type of roots.
1. x2  4x
21 0 2. 2x3
50x  0 3. 12x3  100x  0

State the number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, and imaginary zeros
for each function.
4. f(x)  3x3  x2
8x
12 5. f(x)  3x5
x4
x3  6x2
5

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6-8 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Roots and Zeros

Find Zeros
Complex Conjugate Suppose a and b are real numbers with b  0. If a
bi is a zero of a polynomial
Theorem function with real coefficients, then a  bi is also a zero of the function.

Example Find all of the zeros of f(x)  x4  15x2  38x  60.

Since f(x) has degree 4, the function has 4 zeros.
f(x)  x4  15x2
38x  60 f(x)  x4  15x2  38x  60
Since there are 3 sign changes for the coefficients of f(x), the function has 3 or 1 positive real
zeros. Since there is 1 sign change for the coefficients of f(x), the function has 1 negative
real zero. Use synthetic substitution to test some possible zeros.
2 1 0 15 38 60
2 4 22 32
1 2 11 16 28
3 1 0 15 38 60
3 9 18 60
1 3 6 20 0
So 3 is a zero of the polynomial function. Now try synthetic substitution again to find a zero
of the depressed polynomial.
2 1 3 6 20
2 2

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

16
1 1 8 36
4 1 3 6 20
4 4 8
1 1 2 28
5 1 3 6 20
5 10 20
1 2 4 0
So  5 is another zero. Use the Quadratic Formula on the depressed polynomial x2  2x
4
to find the other 2 zeros, 1  i3
.
The function has two real zeros at 3 and 5 and two imaginary zeros at 1  i3
.

Exercises

Find all of the zeros of each function.

1. f(x)  x3
x2
9x
9 2. f(x)  x3  3x2
4x  12

3. p(a)  a3  10a2
34a  40 4. p(x)  x3  5x2
11x  15

5. f(x)  x3
6x
20 6. f(x)  x4  3x3
21x2  75x  100

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6-8 Skills Practice

Roots and Zeros
Solve each equation. State the number and type of roots.

1. 5x
12  0 2. x2  4x
40  0

3. x5
4x3  0 4. x4
625  0

5. 4x2  4x  1  0 6. x5  81x  0

State the possible number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, and
imaginary zeros of each function.

7. g(x)  3x3  4x2  17x
6 8. h(x)  4x3  12x2  x
3

Lesson 6-8
9. f(x)  x3  8x2
2x  4 10. p(x)  x3  x2
4x  6

11. q(x)  x4
7x2
3x  9 12. f(x)  x4  x3  5x2
6x
1

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Find all the zeros of each function.

13. h(x)  x3  5x2
5x
3 14. g(x)  x3  6x2
13x  10

15. h(x)  x3
4x2
x  6 16. q(x)  x3
3x2  6x  8

17. g(x)  x4  3x3  5x2
3x
4 18. f(x)  x4  21x2
80

Write a polynomial function of least degree with integral coefficients that has the
given zeros.

19. 3, 5, 1 20. 3i

21. 5
i 22. 1, 3

, 3


23. i, 5i 24. 1, 1, i 6



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6-8 Practice
Roots and Zeros
Solve each equation. State the number and type of roots.
1. 9x  15  0 2. x4  5x2
4  0

3. x5  81x 4. x3
x2  3x  3  0

5. x3
6x
20  0 6. x4  x3  x2  x  2  0

State the possible number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, and
imaginary zeros of each function.
7. f(x)  4x3  2x2
x
3 8. p(x)  2x4  2x3
2x2  x  1

9. q(x)  3x4
x3  3x2
7x
5 10. h(x)  7x4
3x3  2x2  x
1

Find all the zeros of each function.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

11. h(x)  2x3
3x2  65x
84 12. p(x)  x3  3x2
9x  7

13. h(x)  x3  7x2
17x  15 14. q(x)  x4
50x2
49

15. g(x)  x4
4x3  3x2  14x  8 16. f(x)  x4  6x3
6x2
24x  40

Write a polynomial function of least degree with integral coefficients that has the
given zeros.

17. 5, 3i 18. 2, 3
i

19. 1, 4, 3i 20. 2, 5, 1
i

21. CRAFTS Stephan has a set of plans to build a wooden box. He wants to reduce the
volume of the box to 105 cubic inches. He would like to reduce the length of each
dimension in the plan by the same amount. The plans call for the box to be 10 inches by
8 inches by 6 inches. Write and solve a polynomial equation to find out how much
Stephen should take from each dimension.

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6-8 Word Problem Practice

Roots and Zeros
1. TABLES Li Pang made a table of values 4. COMPLEX ROOTS Eric is a
for the polynomial p(x). Her table is statistician. During the course of his
shown below. work, he had to find something called
the “eigenvalues of a matrix,” which was
x p(x)
basically the same as finding the roots of

4
3 a polynomial. The polynomial was

3
1 x4  6x2  25. One of the roots of this
polynomial is 1  2i. What are the other

2 0
3 roots? Explain.

1 2
0 0
1 4
2 0
3 2
4 5

Name three roots of p(x).

Lesson 6-8
QUADRILATERALS For Exercises 5-7,
2. ROOTS Ryan is an electrical engineer. use the following information.
He often solves polynomial equations
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

to work out various properties of the Shayna plotted the four vertices of a
circuits he builds. For one circuit, he quadrilateral in the complex plane and
must find the roots of a polynomial p(x). then encoded the points in a polynomial
He finds that p(2
3i)  0. Give two p(x) by making them the roots of p(x).
different roots of p(x). The polynomial p(x) is
x4
9x3  27x2  23x
150.

3. REAL ROOTS Madison is studying the 5. The polynomial p(x) has one positive
polynomial f(x)  x6
14x4  49x2
36. real root, and it is an integer. Find
She knows that all of the roots of f(x) the integer.
are real. How many positive and how
many negative roots are there? How are
the set of positive roots and negative
roots related to each other? Explain. 6. Find the negative real root(s) of p(x).

7. Find the complexl roots of p(x).

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6-8 Enrichment

The Bisection Method for Approximating Real Zeros

The bisection method can be used to approximate zeros of polynomial
functions like f (x)  x3
x2  3x  3.

Since f (1)  4 and f (2)  3, there is at least one real zero between 1 and 2.
1
2
The midpoint of this interval is   1.5. Since f(1.5)  1.875, the zero is
2
1.5
2
between 1.5 and 2. The midpoint of this interval is   1.75. Since
2
f(1.75) is about 0.172, the zero is between 1.5 and 1.75. The midpoint of this
1.5
1.75
interval is   1.625 and f(1.625) is about 0.94. The zero is between
2
1.625
1.75
1.625 and 1.75. The midpoint of this interval is   1.6875. Since
2
f (1.6875) is about 0.41, the zero is between 1.6875 and 1.75. Therefore, the
zero is 1.7 to the nearest tenth.

The diagram below summarizes the results obtained by the bisection method.
sign of f (x ): – – – – + +

1 1.5 2
value x: 1.625 1.75

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1.6875

Using the bisection method, approximate to the nearest tenth the

zero between the two integral values of x for each function.

1. f (x)  x3  4x2  11x
2, f (0)  2, f (1)  12

2. f (x)  2x4
x2  15, f (1)  12, f (2)  21

3. f(x)  x5  2x3  12, f (1)  13, f (2)  4

4. f (x)  4x3  2x
7, f (2)  21, f (1)  5

5. f (x)  3x3  14x2  27x
126, f (4)  14, f (5)  16

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6-9 Lesson Reading Guide

Rational Zero Theorem
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-9 in your textbook.
Rewrite the polynomial equation w(w
8)(w  5)  2772 in the form
f(x)  0, where f(x) is a polynomial written in descending powers of x.

Read the Lesson

1. For each of the following polynomial functions, list all the possible values of p, all the
p
possible values of q, and all the possible rational zeros .
q
a. f(x)  x3  2x2  11x
12

possible values of p:

possible values of q:
p
possible values of :
q
b. f(x)  2x4
9x3  23x2  81x
45

possible values of p:

possible values of q:
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

p
possible values of :
q

Lesson 6-9
2. Explain in your own words how Descartes’ Rule of Signs, the Rational Zero Theorem, and
synthetic division can be used together to find all of the rational zeros of a polynomial
function with integer coefficients.

Remember What You Learned

3. Some students have trouble remembering which numbers go in the numerators and which
go in the denominators when forming a list of possible rational zeros of a polynomial
function. How can you use the linear polynomial equation ax
b  0, where a and b are
nonzero integers, to remember this?

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6-9 Study Guide and Intervention

Rational Zero Theorem
Identify Rational Zeros
Rational Zero Let f(x)  a0x n
a1x n  1
…
an  2x 2
an  1x
an represent a polynomial function
p
Theorem with integral coefficients. If q is a rational number in simplest form and is a zero of y  f(x),
then p is a factor of an and q is a factor of a0.
Corollary (Integral If the coefficients of a polynomial are integers such that a0  1 and an  0, any rational
Zero Theorem) zeros of the function must be factors of an.

Example List all of the possible rational zeros of each function.

a. f(x)  3x4  2x2  6x  10
p
If q is a rational root, then p is a factor of 10 and q is a factor of 3. The possible values
for p are 1, 2, 5, and 10. The possible values for q are 1 and 3. So all of the
p 1 2 5 10
possible rational zeros are q  1, 2, 5, 10, , , , and .
3 3 3 3
b. q(x)  x3  10x2  14x  36
Since the coefficient of x3 is 1, the possible rational zeros must be the factors of the
constant term 36. So the possible rational zeros are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18,
and 36.

Exercises

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

List all of the possible rational zeros of each function.
1. f(x)  x3
3x2  x
8 2. g(x)  x5  7x4
3x2
x  20

3. h(x)  x4  7x3  4x2
x  49 4. p(x)  2x4  5x3
8x2
3x  5

5. q(x)  3x4  5x3
10x
12 6. r(x)  4x5  2x
18

7. f(x)  x7  6x5  3x4
x3
4x2  120 8. g(x)  5x6  3x4
5x3
2x2  15

9. h(x)  6x5  3x4
12x3
18x2  9x
21 10. p(x)  2x7  3x6
11x5  20x2
11

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6-9 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Rational Zero Theorem

Find Rational Zeros
Example 1 Find all of the rational zeros of f(x)  5x3  12x2  29x  12.
From the corollary to the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, we know that there are
exactly 3 complex roots. According to Descartes’ Rule of Signs there are 2 or 0 positive
real roots and 1 negative real root. The possible rational zeros are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12,
1 2 3 4 6 12
  ,   ,   ,   ,   ,   . Make a table and test some possible rational zeros.
5 5 5 5 5 5
p

q
5 12 29 12

1 5 17 12 0

Since f(1)  0, you know that x  1 is a zero.

The depressed polynomial is 5x2
17x  12, which can be factored as (5x  3)(x
4).
3
By the Zero Product Property, this expression equals 0 when x   or x  4.
3 5
The rational zeros of this function are 1,  , and 4.
5

Example 2 Find all of the zeros of f(x)  8x4  2x3  5x2  2x  3.

There are 4 complex roots, with 1 positive real root and 3 or 1 negative real roots. The
1 1 1 3 3 3
possible rational zeros are 1, 3,   ,   ,   ,   ,   , and   .
2 4 8 2 4 8
Make a table and test some The depressed polynomial is 8x3
6x2
8x
6.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

possible values.
Try synthetic substitution again. Any remaining
p
3
rational roots must be negative.

q
8 2 5 2

Lesson 6-9
p
1 8 10 15 17 14
q
8 6 8 6

2 8 18 41 84 165 1 1
 8 4 7 4
4 4
1
 8 6 8 6 0 3
2  8 0 8 0
4
Since f
   0, we know that x  
1 1
3
2 2 x   is another rational root.
is a root. 4
The depressed polynomial is 8x2
8  0,
which has roots i.
1 3
The zeros of this function are , , and i.
2 4

Exercises

Find all of the rational zeros of each function.

1. f(x)  x3
4x2  25x  28 2. f(x)  x3
6x2
4x
24

Find all of the zeros of each function.

3. f(x)  x4
2x3  11x2
8x  60 4. f(x)  4x4
5x3
30x2
45x  54

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6-9 Skills Practice

Rational Zero Theorem
List all of the possible rational zeros of each function.

1. n(x)  x2
5x
3 2. h(x)  x2  2x  5

3. w(x)  x2  5x
12 4. f(x)  2x2
5x
3

5. q(x)  6x3
x2  x
2 6. g(x)  9x4
3x3
3x2  x
27

Find all of the rational zeros of each function.

7. f(x)  x3  2x2
5x  4 8. g(x)  x3  3x2  4x
12

9. p(x)  x3  x2
x  1 10. z(x)  x3  4x2
6x  4

11. h(x)  x3  x2
4x  4 12. g(x)  3x3  9x2  10x  8

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

13. g(x)  2x3
7x2  7x  12 14. h(x)  2x3  5x2  4x
3

15. p(x)  3x3  5x2  14x  4 16. q(x)  3x3
2x2
27x
18

17. q(x)  3x3  7x2
4 18. f(x)  x4  2x3  13x2
14x
24

19. p(x)  x4  5x3  9x2  25x  70 20. n(x)  16x4  32x3  13x2
29x  6

Find all of the zeros of each function.

21. f(x)  x3
5x2
11x
15 22. q(x)  x3  10x2
18x  4

23. m(x)  6x4  17x3
8x2
8x  3 24. g(x)  x4
4x3
5x2
4x
4

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6-9 Practice
Rational Zero Theorem
List all of the possible rational zeros of each function.
1. h(x)  x3  5x2
2x
12 2. s(x)  x4  8x3
7x  14

3. f(x)  3x5  5x2
x
6 4. p(x)  3x2
x
7

5. g(x)  5x3
x2  x
8 6. q(x)  6x5
x3  3

Find all of the rational zeros of each function.

7. q(x)  x3
3x2  6x  8 8. v(x)  x3  9x2
27x  27

9. c(x)  x3  x2  8x
12 10. f(x)  x4  49x2

11. h(x)  x3  7x2
17x  15 12. b(x)  x3
6x
20

13. f(x)  x3  6x2
4x  24 14. g(x)  2x3
3x2  4x  4

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

15. h(x)  2x3  7x2  21x
54 16. z(x)  x4  3x3
5x2  27x  36

17. d(x)  x4
x3
16 18. n(x)  x4  2x3  3

Lesson 6-9
19. p(x)  2x4  7x3
4x2
7x  6 20. q(x)  6x4
29x3
40x2
7x  12

Find all of the zeros of each function.

21. f(x)  2x4
7x3  2x2  19x  12 22. q(x)  x4  4x3
x2
16x  20

23. h(x)  x6  8x3 24. g(x)  x6  1

25. TRAVEL The height of a box that Joan is shipping is 3 inches less than the width of the
box. The length is 2 inches more than twice the width. The volume of the box is 1540 in3.
What are the dimensions of the box?

26. GEOMETRY The height of a square pyramid is 3 meters shorter than the side of its base.
1
If the volume of the pyramid is 432 m3, how tall is it? Use the formula V  Bh.
3

Chapter 6 65 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-9 Word Problem Practice

Rational Zero Theorem
1. ROOTS Paul was examining an old 4. PYRAMIDS Pedro made a pyramid out
algebra book. He came upon a page of construction paper. The base of the
about polynomial equations and saw the pyramid is a square with side length 3x.
polynomial below. The height of the pyramid is x
12. The
function for the volume of the pyramid is
x9 +8 V(x)  3x3
36x2. The actual volume of
the pyramid is 168 cubic centimeters.
What is the length of the sides of the
base and height of the pyramid?
As you can see, all the middle terms
were blotted out by an ink spill. What
are all the possible rational roots of this
polynomial?

(r + 7) in.

r in.
2. IRRATIONAL CONSTANTS Cherie was
given a polynomial whose constant term
was 2. Is it possible for this polynomial BOXES For Exercises 5–7, use the
to have a rational root? If it is not, following information.
explain why not. If it is possible, give an

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

example of such a polynomial with a Devon made a box with length x
1, width
rational root. x
3, and height x  3.

x–3

x+3 x+1

5. What is the volume of Devon’s box as a

function of x?
3. MARKOV CHAINS Tara is a
mathematician who specializes in
probability. In the course of her work,
she needed to find the roots of the
polynomial 6. What is x if the volume of the box is
p(x)  288x4  288x3
106x2  17x
1. equal to 1001 cubic inches?
What are the roots of p(x)?

7. What is x if the volume of the box is

5
equal to 14  cubic inches?
8

Chapter 6 66 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-9 Enrichment

Irrational Numbers
Philosopher Hippasus of Metapontum was believed to have discovered that 2  was
irrational. Mathematicians of the time denied the existence of irrational numbers and
killed Hippasus, not wishing to believe this fundamental number could fail to be a
ratio of integers.
The typical way to prove that 2 is irrational is by contradiction and relies on a few
other common facts that are easily proven. That is, the proof assumes that it is
rational and deduces a contradiction.
Theorem: 2
 is irrational
a
 is a rational number. Then 2
Proof: Suppose 2    , where a and b are relatively
b
prime integers. Relatively prime integers are integers that have no common factor other
a
than one, therefore  is a fraction written in lowest terms. It is also this condition that
b a
provides the contradiction. If we square both sides of the equation, 2    , we have
a2 b
2  2 . This is equivalent to a2  2b2. However, this says that a2 is an even number,
b
thus a is an even number. If a is even, b is also even. Thus a and b have a factor in
common other than one, namely two, and are not relatively prime. Hence 2  is irrational.
The Rational Zero Theorem provides a direct proof method.

Exercises
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1. Use the rational zero theorem to prove that 2

 is irrational.

Lesson 6-9
2. Show that the square of an even number is even.

3. Show that any integer zeros of a polynomial function must be factors of the constant
term a0.

Chapter 6 67 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6-9 Graphing Calculator Activity

Rational Root Theorem
The following program performs synthetic division and displays the
depressed polynomial coefficients in rational form. The program will allow
the testing of possible rational zeros of a polynomial function.

PROGRAM:SYNTHDIV
Disp "DEGREE OF DIVIDEND" P
1→P Q→L2(P)
Input M Disp "COEFFICIENT" P+1→P
Disp "COEFFICIENTS?" Input A If PM+1
Disp "0SAME" A→L1(P) Goto 3
Disp "1QUOTIENT" If PM
1 Stop
Disp "2NEW" Goto 1 Lbl 4
Input U Lbl 2 0→P
Disp "POSSIBLE ROOT" 1→P Lbl 5
Input R 0→S 1
P→P
If U0 Lbl 3 L2(P)→L1(P)
Goto 2 L1(P) →F If PM
1
If U1 F
S→Q Goto 5
Goto 4 Disp Q
Frac Goto 2
0→P Pause
Lbl 1 RQ→S

Example Find all of the rational zeros of f(x)  2x3  11x2
12 x
9.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Use the program to test possible zeros.
Keystrokes: PRGM [SYNTHDIV] ENTER ENTER 3 ENTER 2
ENTER 1 ENTER 2 ENTER (–) 11 ENTER 12 ENTER 9 ENTER .

Press ENTER until the screen displays Done.

The column of numbers are the coefficients of the depressed polynomial.

Since the last number is not zero, press ENTER 3 ENTER . Choose 0 for
the same coefficients. Press ENTER (–) 1 then ENTER until finished. Repeat
this until a zero is found. Then press ENTER 2 for the degree of the
depressed polynomial and ENTER 1 for the quotient.

The zeros are 3, 3, and
1
.

2

Exercises

Find all the rational zeros of each function.

1. f(x)  x3  8x2  23x  30 2. f(x)  x3 7x2  2x  40

3. f(x)  2x3  x2  32x  16 4. f(x)  x4  x3  11x2  9x  18

5. p(x)  3x4  11x3  11x2  x  2 6. p(x)  x4  2x3  x2  8x  12

7. p(x)  3x5  x4  243x  81 8. p(x)  3x4  13x3  15x2  4

Chapter 6 68 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6 Student Recording Sheet

Use this recording sheet with pages 380–381 of the Student Edition.
Read each question. Then fill in the correct answer.
1. A B C D 7. F G H J

2. F G H J 8. A B C D

3. Record your answer and fill in the 9. F G H J

bubbles in the grid below. Be sure to

use the correct place value. 10. Record your answer and fill in the
bubbles in the grid below. Be sure to
. use the correct place value.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
9 9 9 9 9 9 9
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8

4. A B C D 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

5. F G H J
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Pre-AP
6. A B C D
Record your answers for Question 11
on the back of this paper.

Chapter 6 69 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

6 Rubric for Scoring Pre-AP

(Use to score the Pre-AP question on page 381 of the Student Edition.)

General Scoring Guidelines

• If a student gives only a correct numerical answer to a problem but does not show how
he or she arrived at the answer, the student will be awarded only 1 credit. All extended
response questions require the student to show work.

• A fully correct answer for a multiple-part question requires correct responses for all
parts of the question. For example, if a question has three parts, the correct response to
one or two parts of the question that required work to be shown is not considered a
fully correct response.

• Students who use trial and error to solve a problem must show their method. Merely
showing that the answer checks or is correct is not considered a complete response for
full credit.

Exercise 11 Rubric
Score Specific Criteria
4 The degree of the function is correctly determined to be 4 and the leading
coefficient of the function is determined to be 3. In part c, the value of f(1) is
shown to be 16 by replacing x in the function with 1, the value of f(
2) is
shown to be
56 by replacing x in the function with
2, and the value of
f(2a) is shown to be 48a4  152a3  28a2
22a
2 by replacing x in the

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

function with 2a.
3 A generally correct solution, but may contain minor flaws in reasoning or
computation.
2 A partially correct interpretation and/or solution to the problem.
1 A correct solution with no evidence or explanation.
0 An incorrect solution indicating no mathematical understanding of the
concept or task, or no solution given.

Chapter 6 70 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Chapter 6 Quiz 1 SCORE

(Lessons 6–1 through 6–3)

For Questions 1 and 2, simplify. Assume that no variable 24 n7

 3
equals 0. 1. y

1. (4n5y2)(6n2y5) 16(x3y)2
2.   2. 8x 2y 2
2(xy0)4
3. Express 0.00000068 in scientific notation. 3. 6.8  107
4. Evaluate (3.8  102)(4  105). Express the result in 4. 1.52  104
scientific notation.
Simplify.
5. (3p  5q)  (6p  4q) 6. (2x  3)  (5x  6) 5. 9p  q
7. (4x  5)(2x  7) 6. 3x  3
7. 8x 2  18x  35
8. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which expression is equal to (30a2  11a  15)(5a  6)1?
45 45
A. 6a  5    C. 6a  5   
5a  6 5a  6
45 A
B. 6a  5 D. 6a  5    8.
5a  6
Simplify.
6
9. (m2  m  6)  (m  4) 9. m
3
m4
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

10. (a3  6a2  10a  3)  (a  3) 10. a 2
3a
1

NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Chapter 6 Quiz 2 SCORE

(Lessons 6–4 and 6–5)

1. If p(x)  3x2  2x  1, find p(4). 1. 57

f (x )
even; 2

Assessment
2.
2. Determine whether the graph at the
between 1 and 0,
right represents an odd-degree between 1 and 2,
polynomial or an even-degree O x
3. between 3 and 4
polynomial function. Then state f ( x)
the number of real zeros.

3. Graph f(x)  x3  5x2  4x  3 by making a table of values.

Then determine consecutive values of x between which O x
each real zero is located. Estimate the x-coordinates at
which the relative maxima and relative minima occur.

State the degree and leading coefficient of each polynomial.

4. 8x2  2x  9 5. 235 4. 2; 8
5. 0; 235
Chapter 6 71 Glencoe Algebra 2
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NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Chapter 6 Quiz 3 SCORE

(Lessons 6–6 through 6–7)

1. Factor 6a2  3a  18 completely. If it is not factorable 1. 3(2a  3)(a  2)

write prime.

2. Solve x4  14x2  45  0. 2. 3, 
5

,
5
, 3

3. The sides of a square garden are x2 yards long. The area

inside the garden is 49 square yards. What is the value of x? 3.
7
 yards

4. Use synthetic substitution to find f(3) and f(4) for 4. 46; 277
f(x)  x4  8x  11.

5. One factor of x3  x2  14x  24 is x  4. Find the 5. x  2; x
3

remaining factors.

NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Chapter 6 Quiz 4 SCORE

(Lessons 6–8 and 6–9)

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

3 or 1; 2 or 0;
1. State the possible number of positive real zeros, 1. 4, 2, or 0
negative real zeros, and imaginary zeros for
g(x)  3x5  2x3  4x2  8x  1.

2. Find all of the zeros of f(x)  x3  5x2  8x  6. 2. 3, 1  i, 1
i

3. Write a polynomial function of least degree with integral

coefficients the zeros of which include 4 and 1  i. Sample answer:
3. f(x)  x
6x  10x
8
3 2

1, 2, 3, 6,

1 3 3
4. List all of the possible rational zeros of 4.
2, 2, 1, 2
h(x)  2x4  5x3  3x2  4x  6.
Then find all the rational zeros of the function.

5. The volume of a rectangular solid is 540 cubic feet. 5. 6 ft  9 ft  10 ft

The width is 3 feet more than the height, and the
length is 4 more feet than the height. Find the
dimensions of the solid.

Chapter 6 72 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Chapter 6 Mid-Chapter Test SCORE

(Lessons 6–1 through 6–5)

Part I Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Simplify (5x3y)2(2x5y1).
50x11 C
A. 50x10y B.   C. 50x11y D. 10x8y 1.
y

2. Simplify (x2  2x  5)  (3x2  4x  7).

F. 2x2  2x  12 G. 2x2  6x  12 H. 4x2  2x  2 J. 4x2  6x  2 2. G

3. Find p(4) if p(x)  3x2  4x  7.

A. 7 B. 71 C. 57 D. 39 3. B

4. State the degree of 2x2  5x3  7x4  9.

F. 4 G. 7 H. 9 J. 3 4. F

For Questions 5 and 6, use the graph shown. f (x )

5. State the number of real zeros of the function.

A. 2 C. 1
B. 4 D. 3 O x 5. D

6. As x →  , f(x) → ? describes the end


behavior of the graph.
F. ∞ H. ∞ H
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

G. 0 J. x 6.

Part II at x  1,
between 4 and 3,
7. Graph f(x)  x3  4x2  5 by using a table of values. 7. between 2 and
1
Then determine consecutive values of x between which f (x )
each real zero is located.

O x

8. Use long division to find (2x3  7x2  7x  2)  (x  2). 8. 2x 2  3x 1 Assessment

2
9. Use synthetic division to find (x3  2x2  34x  9)  (x  7). 9.
x 2  5x  1   
x 7

10. Some computer chips can perform a floating point 10. 1.25  10
9 s
operation in less than 0.00000000125 second. Express
this value in scientific notation.

11. Simplify (s  3)(s  4). 11. s 2  s  12

Chapter 6 73 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Chapter 6 Vocabulary Test SCORE

degree of a polynomial polynomial in one scientific notation

depressed polynomial variable simplify
end behavior quadratic form standard notation
leading coefficient relative maximum synthetic division
polynomial function relative minimum synthetic substitution

Underline the correct word or phase that best completes each sentence.
1. (End behavior, Synthetic substitution) is a method for evaluating a
polynomial function f(x) at a particular value of x.
2. (Scientific notation, Synthetic division) is used to write very large and
very small numbers without having to write many zeros.

3. Writing the polynomial 2x4
9x2  15 as 2(x2)2  9(x2)  15 uses the idea
of (leading coefficients, quadratic form).
4. To (simplify, synthetic substitute) (3x2y2)(2x2y3) means to write it as 6x4y5.
5. A shortcut method used to divide polynomials by binomials is called (end
behavior, synthetic division).
6. The form we usually write in is called (standard notation, quadratic form).
7. If a point is on a graph of a polynomial function and no other nearby

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

points of the graph have a lesser y-coordinate, the point is a relative
(maximum, minimum) of the function.
8. If x3
3x2  4x  12 is divided by x  2, the quotient will be x2
5x
6
and the remainder will be 0. In this case, x2
5x
6 is called the
(quadratic form, depressed polynomial).
9. The degree and (relative minimum, leading coefficient) of a polynomial
function determines the graph’s end behavior.
10. The expression 4x3
3x2  5x
6 is a(n)
(polynomial function, polynomial in one variable).

Define each term in your own words.

11. end behavior Sample answer: The end behavior of a graph
is a description of how the graph behaves when the value
of x becomes very small or very large.

12. degree of a polynomial Sample answer: The degree of a polynomial is

the degree of the monomial with the greatest degree.

Chapter 6 74 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 1 SCORE

Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Simplify (3x0)2(2x4).
A. x4 B. 12x4 C. 18x6 D. 18x4 1. D

3y2z
2. Simplify  5 . Assume that no variable equals 0.
15y
y3 z y7 z
F. z3 G.  H. 5y3z J.  2. F
5y 5 5

3. Scientists have determined that the speed at which light travels is

approximately 300,000,000 meters per second. Express this speed in
scientific notation.
A. 3  107 m/s C. 3  108 m/s
B. 3  108 m/s D. 30  107 m/s 3. B

4. Simplify (5m  9)  (4m  2).

F. 9m  11 G. m  11 H. 9m  7 J. 20m2  18 4. H

5. Simplify 3x(2x2  y).

A. 5x3  3xy B. 12x  y C. 6x2  3y D. 6x3  3xy 5. D
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

6. Simplify (x2  2x  35)  (x  5).

F. x2  x  30 H. x  7
G. x  5 J. x3  3x2  45x  175 6. H

7. Which represents the correct synthetic division of (x2  4x  7)  (x  2)?

A. 2 1 4 17 C. 2 1 4 17
2 12 2 16
1 6 19 1 8 19

Assessment
B. 2 1 4 17 D. 2 1 4 7 7. D
2 14 2 4
1 2 11 1 2 3

8. Factor m2  9m  14 completely.
F. m(m  23) H. (m  14)(m  1)
G. (m  7)(m  2) J. m(m  9)  14 8. G

t t62
9. Simplify  
t  2 . Assume that the denominator is not equal to 0.

A. t  5 B. t  2 C. t  3 D. t  3 9. D

Chapter 6 75 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 1 (continued)

10. Find p(3) if p(x)  4  x. f (x )

F. 12 G. 4 H. 1 J. 7 10. J

11. State the number of real zeros for the function

whose graph is shown at the right.
O x
A. 0 C. 2
B. 1 D. 3 11. A

For Questions 12 and 13, use the graph shown at the right.
12. Determine the values of x between which a real zero f (x )

is located.
F. between 1 and 0
G. between 6 and 7
H. between 2 and 1
J. between 2 and 3 O x 12. H

13. Estimate the x-coordinate at which a relative minimum occurs.

A. 3 B. 2 C. 0 D. 1 13. B

14. Write the expression x4  5x2  8 in quadratic form, if possible.

F. (x2)2  5(x2)  8 H. (x4)2  5(x4)  8

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

G. (x2)2  5(x2)  8 J. not possible 14. F

15. Solve x4  13x2  36  0.

A. 3, 2, 2, 3 B. 9, 4, 4, 9 C. 2, 3, 2i, 3i D. 2, 3, 2i, 3i 15. A

16. Use synthetic substitution to find f(3) for f(x)  x2  9x  5.

F. 23 G. 16 H. 13 J. 41 16. H

17. One factor of x3  4x2  11x  30 is x  2. Find the remaining factors.

A. x  5, x  3 B. x  3, x  5 C. x  6, x  5 D. x  5, x  6 17. B

18. Which describes the number and type of roots of the equation 4x  7  0?
F. 1 imaginary root H. 1 real root and 1 imaginary root
G. 2 real roots J. 1 real root 18. J

19. Which is not a root of the equation x3  x2  10x  8  0?

A. 1 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1 19. A

20. Find all the rational zeros of p(x)  x3  12x  16.

F. 2, 4 G. 2, 4 H. 4 J. 2 20. F

Bonus Find the value of k so that x  3 divides B:
12

2x3  11x2  19x  k with no remainder.

Chapter 6 76 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2A SCORE

Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Simplify (3a0b2)(2a3b2)2.
12b 6 36b8 12b6
A.  
6 B.  
6 C. 6b8 D.   1. A
a a a

4a b c 4 2
2. Simplify  25 3 . Assume that no variable equals 0.
12a b c
a2b7 a2b3 a2c2 a2b7 J
F. 
2 G.  2 H.  3 J.  2 2.
8c 3c 3b 3c

3. Neptune is approximately 4.5  109 kilometers from the Sun. If light

travels at approximately 3.0  105 kilometers per second, how long does
it take light from the Sun to reach Neptune? Express your answer in
scientific notation.
A. 15  104 s B. 15  104 s C. 15  103 s D. 1500 s 3. B
4. Simplify (3a3  7a2  a)  (6a3  4a2  8).
F. 3a6  3a4  a  8 H. 3a3  11a2  a  8
G. 3a6  11a4  a  8 J. 3a3  3a2  a  8 4. J
5. Simplify (7m  8)2.
A. 49m2  64 C. 49m2  112m  64
B. 49m2  64 D. 49m2  30m  64 5. C
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

6. Simplify (4x3  2x2  8x  8)  (2x  1).

F. 2x2  2x  5  3 H. 2x2  4  9
2x  1 2x  1
12 14 F
G. 2x2  4    J. x2  4x  6    6.
2x  1 2x  1

7. Which represents the correct synthetic division of

(2x3  5x  40)  (x  3)?
A. 3 2 5 40 C. 3 2 0 5 40

Assessment
6 33 6 18 39
2 11 73 2 6 13 41

B. 3 2 5 40 D. 3 2 0 5 40 7. C
6 13 6 18 39
2 1 43 2 6 13 79

8. Factor y3  64 completely.
F. (y  4)3 H. (y  4)(y2  4y  16)
G. (y  4)(y  4)2 J. (y  4)(y2  4y  16) 8. H
9. Find p(4) if p(x)  3x3  2x2  6x  4.
A. 252 B. 140 C. 132 D. 180 9. A

Chapter 6 77 Glencoe Algebra 2

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NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2A

10. If r(x)  x3  2x  1, find r(2a3).

F. 8a6  4a3  1 G. 4a6  4a3  1 H. 6a6  4a3  1 J. 8a9  4a3  1 10. J
11. State the number of real zeros for the function f (x )

whose graph is shown at the right.

A. 0 C. 3
B. 2 D. 1 O x
11. C

For Questions 12 and 13, use the graph shown. f (x )

12. Determine the values of x between which a real zero

is located.
F. between 1 and 2 H. between 4 and 3 O x
G. between 2 and 1 J. between 2 and 3 12. H
13. Estimate the x-coordinate at which a relative
maximum occurs.
A. 1 B. 1 C. 2 D. 2 13. A

14. Write the expression 10x8  6x4  20 in quadratic form, if possible.

F. 10(x4)2  6(x2)2  20 H. 10(x4)2  6(x4)  20

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

G. 10(x2)4  6(x2)2  20 J. not possible 14. H

15. Solve x4  6x2  27  0.

A.
 
3, 3, 3i, i
3 C. 3, 3, i
3 , i
3
B. 3, 
 3,
3, 3 D. 
 3, 3, 3i, 3i 15. C

16. Use synthetic substitution to find f(2) for f(x)  2x4  3x3  x2  x  5.
F. 15 G. 67 H. 63 J. 19 16. G

17. One factor of x3  3x2  4x  12 is x  2. Find the remaining factors.

A. x  2, x  3 B. x  2, x  3 C. x  2, x  3 D. x  2, x  3 17. D

18. Which describes the number and type of roots of the equation x4  64  0?
F. 2 real roots, 2 imaginary roots H. 4 real roots
G. 3 real roots, 1 imaginary root J. 4 imaginary roots 18. F

19. State the possible number of imaginary zeros of f(x)  7x3  x2  10x  4.
A. exactly 1 B. exactly 3 C. 3 or 1 D. 2 or 0 19. D

20. Find all the rational zeros of f(x)  4x3  3x2  22x  15.
5 5 G
F. 2, 1, 3, G. 4,1, 3 H. 1, 3 J. 5, 1, 3 20.

Bonus Find the value of k so that 9x3  2x2  kx  6  (x  2) B:
41

has a remainder of 8.

Chapter 6 78 Glencoe Algebra 2

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6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2B SCORE

Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Simplify (3x0y4)(2x2y)3.
24x 6 216x6 6x6
A.   B.  
9 C. 24x5 D.  1. A
y y y

2x2y5z4
2. Simplify  6 3 . Assume that no variable equals 0.
8x yz
y4 4 4 y4 z
F. 
4 G. y47 H. y47 J.  4 2. H
4x z 6x z 4x z 4x

3. Saturn is approximately 1.4  109 kilometers from the Sun. If light

travels at approximately 3.0  105 kilometers per second, how long does
it take light from the Sun to reach Saturn? Express your answer in
scientific notation.
A. 4.7  104 s B. 4700 s C. 4.7  103 s D. 47  103 s 3. C

4. Simplify (7x3  2x2  3)  (x2  x  5).

F. 7x3  2x2  x  2 H. 7x3  3x2  2
G. 8x5  3x3  2 J. 7x3  x2  x  2 4. J

5. Simplify (5x  4)2.

A. 25x2  16 C. 25x2  40x  16
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

B. 25x2  20x  16 D. 25x2  18x  16 5. C

6. Simplify (6x3  16x2  11x  5)  (3x  2).

F. 6x2  12x  3  9 H. 2x2  4x  1  3
3x  2 3x  2

G. 2x2  4x  1  1 J. x2  8x  3  9 6. H

3x  2 3x  2
7. Which represents the correct synthetic division of (3x3  2x  5)  (x  2)?
A. 2 3 2 15 C. 2 3 0 2 15

Assessment
6 18 6 12 20
3 4 13 3 6 10 25

B. 2 3 2 15 D. 2 3 0 2 25 7. C
6 16 6 12 20
3 8 21 3 6 10 15
8. Factor 27x3  1 completely.
F. (3x  1)(9x2  3x  1) H. (3x  1)(9x2  3x  1)
G. (3x  1)3 J. (3x  1)(9x2  3x  1) 8. F

9. Find p(3) if p(x)  4x3  5x2  7x  10.

A. 94 B. 32 C. 184 D. 142 9. C
Chapter 6 79 Glencoe Algebra 2
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6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2B (continued)

10. If r(x)  4x2  3x  7, find r(3a2).

F. 36a4  9a2  7 H. 144a4  9a2  7
G. 36a4  9a2  7 J. 12a4  9a2  7 10. F
f (x )
11. State the number of real zeros for the function
whose graph is shown.
A. 1 C. 3 x
O
B. 4 D. 2 11. D
For Questions 12 and 13, use the graph shown.
f (x )
12. Determine the values of x between which a real
zero is located.
F. between 2 and 1 H. between 0 and 1
G. between 1 and 0 J. between 3 and 2 12. F
O x
13. Estimate the x-coordinate at which a relative
minimum occurs.
A. 1 B. 0 C. 1 D. 2 13. B
14. Write the expression 9n6  7n3  6 in quadratic form, if possible.
F. 9(n3)3  7(n3)  6 H. 9(n2)3  7(n2)  6
G. 9(n3)2  7(n3)  6 J. not possible 14. G

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

15. Solve b4  2b2  24  0.
A. 2, 
6 ,
6 , 2 C. 2, 2, i
6, i
6

B. 
6 , 2, 2i, i
6  D. 2i, 2i, 
6,
6
 15. C
16. Use synthetic substitution to find f(3) for f(x)  x4  4x3  2x2  4x  6.
F. 9 G. 225 H. 201 J. 15 16. G
17. One factor of x3  2x2  11x  12 is x  4. Find the remaining factors.
A. x  1, x  3 B. x  1, x  3 C. x  1, x  3 D. x  1, x  3 17. C
18. Which describes the number and type of roots of the equation x3  121x  0?
F. 1 real root, 2 imaginary roots H. 2 real roots, 1 imaginary root
G. 3 real roots J. 3 imaginary roots 18. F
19. State the possible number of imaginary zeros of
g(x)  x4  3x3  7x2  6x  13.
A. 3 or 1 B. 2 or 0 C. exactly 1 D. exactly 3 19. B
20. Find all the rational zeros of g(x)  2x3  11x2  8x  21.
7 7 F
F. 1, 3, 2 G. 1, 3, 
2 H. 1, 3 J. 1, 3, 7 20.

Bonus Factor x2 z2  36y2  4y2 z2  9x2 completely. B: (z  3)(z  3)

(x  2y)(x  2y)

Chapter 6 80 Glencoe Algebra 2

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6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2C SCORE

Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

75
 r4
2a4bc5
1. (5r2t)2(3r0t
4) t 2
2.   1.
18a2b7c
1
a2
 c6
2. 9b6

For Questions 3–5, simplify.

3. (4c2
12c  7)
(c2  2c
5) 4. (3x  4)(2x
5) 3. 3c 2
14c  12

5. (9p2  7p)  (5p2
4p
12) 4. 6x 2
7x
20

5. 14p 2  3p
12

6. Evaluate (8  10
4)(3.5  109). Express the result in 6. 2.8  106

scientific notation.

7. about 2.67  10
4
7. POPULATION In 2000, the population of New York City
was approximately 8,000,000. Its total area is about people per mi2
300 square miles. What was the population density
(number of people per square mile) of New York City
in 2000? Express your answer in scientific notation. 5y 2
12y 
73
21
 
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

8. Use long division to find (10y3
9y2  6y
10)  (2y  3). 8. 2y  3

10
9. Use synthetic division to find (x3  4x2
17x
50)  (x  3). 9.
x2  x
20   
x3

10. Factor 2xz
3yz  8x
12y completely. If the polynomial 10. (2x
3y)(z  4)
is not factorable, write prime.

11. Find p(
5) if p(x)  x3
2x2  x  4. 11.
176

Assessment
12. Find p(x  1) if p(x)  x2
3x
1. 12. x2
x
3

For Questions 13–15, use the graph shown.

f (x) → 
13. Describe the end behavior. f (x ) 13. as x → ;
f (x) → 
as x →

14. Determine whether the graph O x
represents an odd-degree or an
even-degree polynomial function. 14. even

15. State the number of real zeros. 15. 4

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6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2C (continued)

16. The path of a mouse running on a tiled floor can be modeled between
2 and
1,
by the graph of f(x)  x3  3x  1. Graph f(x)  x3  3x  1 between 0 and 1,
by making a table of values. Then determine consecutive 16. between 1 and 2
values of x between which each real zero is located. f (x )

O x

Sample answer:
rel. max. at x 
1,
17. For the graph in Question 16, estimate the x-coordinates 17. rel. min. at x  1
at which the relative maxima and relative minima occur.

18. Write the expression 9n6  36n3 in quadratic form, if 18. 9(n 3)2
36(n 3)
possible.

15
,

15,
19. Solve x4  12x2  45  0. 19. ,
i
3
i
3 

20. Use synthetic substitution to find f(4) for 20.
3

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

f(x)  x3  3x2  5x  7.

21. One factor of x3  2x2  23x  60 is x  4. Find the 21. x  3, x
5

remaining factors.

22. State the possible number of positive real zeros, 22. 3 or 1; 1; 2 or 0

negative real zeros, and imaginary zeros for
f (x)  3x4  2x3  5x2  6x  2.

23. The height of a box that Carol is wrapping is 7 inches 23. 14 in.  8 in.  15 in.
more than the width of the box. The length is 2 inches
less than twice the width. The volume of the box is
1,680 cubic inches. What are the dimensions of the box?
1
24. List all of the possible rational zeros of 24.
1, 2, 4, 8, 2
f(x)  2x3  x2  4x  8.

3
25. Find all of the rational zeros of g(x)  2x3  x2  7x  6. 25.
2, 1, 2

x2  36
Bonus Simplify  
x2  2x  24 . Assume that the denominator x
6

is not equal to 0. B: x
4

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6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2D SCORE

Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

d2
40

12a2b4c5
1. (2c2d0)3(5c7d2) 2.   1. c
48a6b3c3
bc8

2. 4a4

For Questions 3–5, simplify.

3. (3f 2  5f  9)  (4f 2  7f  12) 4. (5m  6)(2m  1) 3. 7f 2
2f  3

5. (6g3  2g  1)  (3g2  5g  7) 4. 10m2
7m
6

5. 6g
3g
7g  8
3 2
6. Evaluate (6  104)(2.5  106). Express the result in
scientific notation.
6. 1.5  103

7. 6.8  10
3
7. POPULATION In 2000, the population of Hong Kong
was approximately 6.8 million. Its total area is about people per km2
1000 square kilometers. What was the population
density (number of people per square kilometer) of
Hong Kong in 2000? Express your answer in
scientific notation.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

7
8. 4x
3x
3  2x  1
2 
8. Use long division to find (8x3  10x2  9x  10)  (2x  1).
16
9. Use synthetic division to find (x3  4x2  9x  10)  (x  2). 9.
x 2  6x
3

x
2

10. Factor 20x2  8x  5xy  2y completely. If the polynomial 10. (4x  y)(5x
2)
is not factorable, write prime.

11. Find p(4) if p(x)  x3  3x2  7x  6. 11.
134

Assessment
12. Find p(x  1) if p(x)  x2  4x  2. 12. x 2
2x  1

For Questions 13–15, use the graph shown.

f (x) → 
13. Describe the end behavior. 13. as x →
;
f (x ) f (x) → 
as x → 
14. Determine whether the graph
represents an odd-degree or an
even-degree polynomial function. x 14. even
O

15. State the number of real zeros. 15. 4

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6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 2D (continued)

16. Greta designed some water pipes whose shape can be between
2 and
1,
modeled by the graph of f(x)  x3  3x  1. Graph between
1 and 0,
f(x)  x3  3x  1 by making a table of values. Then 16. between 1 and 2
determine consecutive values of x between which f (x )
each real zero is located.

O x

Sample answer:
rel. max. at x  1,
17. For the graph in Question 16, estimate the x-coordinates at 17. rel. min. at x 
1
which the relative maxima and relative minima occur.

18. 5(x )
4(x )  3

5 2 5
18. Write the expression 5x10  4x5  3 in quadratic form, if
possible.

19. Solve x4  4x2  12  0. 19.
6

,

6
, i
2
,
i
2


132

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

20. Use synthetic substitution to find f(4) for 20.
f(x)  x4  7x2  12.

21. One factor of g(x)  x3  x2  9x  9 is x  3. Find the 21. x  3, x  1

remaining factors.

22. State the number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, 22. 2 or 0; 2 or 0; 4, 2, or 0
and imaginary zeros for f(x)  2x4  5x3  3x2  x  6.

23. The height of a box that Bill is shipping is 4 inches less 23. 22 in.  6 in.  2 in.
than the width of the box. The length is 6 inches more than
twice the width. The volume of the box is 264 cubic inches.
What are the dimensions of the box?
1, 2, 7, 14,
1 7
24. List all of the possible rational zeros of
, 2
24. 2
g(x)  2x3  2x2  7x  14.
2
25. Find all of the rational zeros of h(x)  3x3  4x2  13x  6. 25.
3, 3, 1

x2  x  20
Bonus Simplify  
x2  25 . Assume that the denominator x 4

x5
is not equal to 0. B.

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6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 3 SCORE

Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

(2a2)2 2x2y0(5xy2)2 16
1.   2.   1. 16a
4a2 5(2xy2)

5y 2

2. x

For Questions 3 and 4, simplify.

5 16
3. 12p
3 pr
5 r
2   2
3. 
12p2
5 3 
 6r2  4pr  (3pr  2r2) 4. (m  2n)2

4. m  4mn
4n
2 2

3.9  104
5. Evaluate   1 . Express the result in scientific notation. 5. 1.3  103
3.0  10

6. STATISTICS During fiscal year 1998, total New York state 6. $4.85  103
expenditures were approximately $87.3 billion dollars. The
population of New York in 1998 was approximately
18 million. Find New York’s 1998 per capita (per person)
expenditures. Express your answer in scientific notation.
x 2
3x
9

 22x 2
x4  x2  2x  7 x 2  3x
1
7. Use long division to find  . 7.
2 x  3x  1
2x3  x2  1 2x 2
x
1
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

8. Use synthetic division to find  . 8.

x1

For Questions 9 and 10, factor completely. If the

polynomial is not factorable, write prime.
9. 2(9w  n )(3w  n)(3w
n)
2 2
9. 162w4  2n4 10. x6  8y6

10. (x  2y )(x
2x y  4y )
2 2 4 2 2 4

i
105


11. Solve 3x2  5  0 11. 3
7

Assessment
1
3
12. Find p(2) if p(x)  1x3  3x2  1x  4. 12. 3
8 4 2 3

13. If p(x)  2x2  3x  1 and r(x)  x2  5x, find 13. x 4
7x 2  x

r(x2)  p(x  1).
f (x) → 
14. Describe the end behavior and f (x ) 14. as x → ;
determine whether the graph f (x) →

represents an odd-degree or an as x →
; odd; 4
even-degree polynomial function.
Then state the number of real O x
zeros.

Chapter 6 85 Glencoe Algebra 2

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6 Chapter 6 Test, Form 3 (continued)

15. Clyde modified some water pipes so that the water flow
could be modeled by the graph f(x)  x4  3x2  x  2. between 0 and 1,
Graph f(x)  x4  3x2  x  2 by making a table of 15. between 1 and 2
values. Then determine the values of x between which f (x )
the real zeros are located.

O x

Sample answer:
rel. max. at x 
1 and
16. For the graph in Question 15, estimate the x-coordinates at 16. x  1, rel. min. at x  0
which the relative maxima and relative minima occur.

17. b[9(b )  3(b )  8]

2 2 2
17 Write 9b5  3b3  8b in quadratic form, if possible.
1 1
 
18. Solve x2  5x 4  6  0. 18. 16, 81

19. Use synthetic substitution to find f(4) for 19. 7014

f(x)  2x6  4x4  2x3  5x  6.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

20. Find the value of k so that the remainder is 3 for 20. 3
(x2  x  k)  (x  1).
5, 3, or 1; 5, 3, or 1;
21. State the possible number of positive real zeros, 21. 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, or 0
negative real zeros, and imaginary zeros for
f(x)  2x10  3x8  4x6  x4  3x2  2.

22. Find all of the zeros of the function 22. 1, 3, 3
2i, 3  2i
q(x)  x4  8x3  22x2  8x  39. 1, 3, 5, 15,
1 1 5 5
23. List all of the possible rational zeros of
, 3, 9, 3
23. 9
h(x)  9x6  12x3  15.

24. Find all of the rational zeros of 24.

41,
21, 31, 2
h(x)  24x4  38x3  23x2  5x  2.

25. The height of a square pyramid is 5 meters shorter than

the side of its base. Its volume is 108 cubic meters,
1 4 meters
how tall is the pyramid? Use the formula V  3 Bh. 25.

Bonus If f(3)  120, for f(x)  x4  x3  19x2  kx  30, B: 24

find f(1).

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6 Chapter 6 Extended-Response Test SCORE

Demonstrate your knowledge by giving a clear, concise solution

to each problem. Be sure to include all relevant drawings and
justify your answers. You may show your solutions in more than
one way or investigate beyond the requirements of the problem.
1. The polynomial 2x2  3x  1 can be represented
2 2
by the tiles shown in the figure at the right. x x x x x
1
These tiles can be arranged to form the rectangle shown.
2 2
Notice that the area of the rectangle is 2x2  3x  1 units2. x x x
a. Find the length and width of the rectangle.
x x 1
b. Explain how to find the perimeter of the rectangle.
Then find the perimeter.
c. Select a value for x and substitute that value into each of the
expressions above. For your value of x, state the length, width,
perimeter, and area of the rectangle. Discuss any restrictions on your
choice of x.
d. Factor the polynomial 2x2  3x  1. Compare your answers to
part a.

2. a. Sketch a graph of a polynomial function f(x) of degree 5 that

has the maximum number of real zeros possible for a function
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

of its degree. Label the zeros z1, z2, … .

b. Label relative maximum points of the graph, if any, A1, A2, …
and label relative minimum points of the graph, if any,
B1, B2, … .
c. State the domain and range of the function.
d. Use the notation “As x → ___ , f(x) → ___” to describe the
end behavior of your graph.

3. a. Write a fourth-degree polynomial P(x) where no coefficient is

zero, that is an 0 for any n.

Assessment
b. Find P(2) in two different ways.
c. Determine whether x  1 is a factor of P(x).
d. Explain what information Descartes’ Rule of Signs provides
about P(x).
e. Explain how to find, then list, all of the possible rational zeros
of P(x).
f. Explain how to find, then state, the rational zeros of P(x).

Chapter 6 87 Glencoe Algebra 2

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6 Standardized Test Practice SCORE

(Chapters 1–6)

Part 1: Multiple Choice

Instructions: Fill in the appropriate circle for the best answer.

1. In the figure, circle P represents all prime P Q

numbers, circle Q represents all numbers
a
whose square roots are not integers, and
c
circle R represents all multiples of 4. b d
In which region does 24 belong?
A a C c
R
B b D d 1. A B C D

2. Find the reciprocal of 3  2.

x 5
2x  15
F   G 5
x
H 5
x
J x 2. F G H J
5x 6 2x  15

3. Suppose a set of data contains just two data items. If the median
is w, the mean is x, and the mode is y, which of the following must
be equal?
A w, x, and y B x and y C w and x D w and y 3. A B C D

4. What is the value of cd in the equation 32cd  11cd  42?

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

F 1 G 1 H 2 J –2 4. F G H J
2 2

5. Hoshiko owns one-fifth of a business. She sells her share for

$15,000. What is the total value of the business?
A $3000 B $75,000 C $100,000 D $150,000 5. A B C D

6. If r is an odd integer and m  8r, then m will always be _____.

2
F odd G even H positive J negative 6. F G H J

7. 13% of 160 is 16% of _____.

A 13 B 130 C 1300 D 13,000 7. A B C D

8. If m2  3, then what is the value of 5m6?

F 15 G 30 H 45 J 135 8. F G H J

9. Which is the equation of a line that passes through a point with

coordinates (7, –1) and is perpendicular to the graph of y  2x  1?
A y  2x  15 B y  2x  13 C y  1x  21 D y  1x  41 9. A B C D
2 2 2 2

10. If mn  16 and m2  n2  68, then (m  n)2  _____.

F 68 H 84
G 100 J cannot be determined 10. F G H J

Chapter 6 88 Glencoe Algebra 2

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6 Standardized Test Practice (continued)

11. What is the value of  a  b    b  a  if a  b  1? 11. A B C D

2 2 2 3 2
A 2b  3 B 2b  3 C 3 D 3

12. If the shortest side of the triangle below measures 5 feet, 12. F G H J

what is the area of the triangle to the nearest square foot?

3y˚

y˚ (y  30)˚

F 44ft2 G 43ft2 H 22ft2 J 21ft2

13. The circle is divided into eight

sectors of equal area. In two 50 35
consecutive spins, what is the 45 5
probability of spinning a “50” 30 15
and then spinning an 25 40
odd-numbered region? 13. A B C D

5 3 1 7
A 6
4 B 4 C 2 D 8

14. A shelf in a lumber yard will safely hold up to 1000 pounds. 14. F G H J

A crate on the shelf is marked 270 pounds. What is the

greatest number of sheets of plywood, each weighing
7 pounds, that may safely be stacked on the shelf?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

F 103 G 104 H 105 J 106

15. At a school-sponsored car wash, the fees charged were: $5 per car, 15. A B C D

$8 per pickup truck, $10 per full-size van. Twice as many cars
were washed as pickup trucks. The amount collected for washing
cars and pickup trucks was $360. A total of $410 was collected
at the car wash. Find the number of cars washed.
A 40 cars B 25 cars C 20 cars D 65 cars

Assessment
Part 2: Griddable
Instructions: Enter your answer by writing each digit of the answer in a column box
and then shading in the appropriate circle that corresponds to that entry.

16. The volume of a cube with 16. 5 1 2 . 17. 1 5 0 .

a surface area of 384 in2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

is _____ in3. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2

17. For all positive integers m, 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

m  2m2  1. What is the 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
value of x if x  45,001? 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Chapter 6 89 Glencoe Algebra 2

070-090 A2-06-873976 5/16/06 3:04 PM Page 90

NAME DATE PERIOD

6 Standardized Test Practice (continued)

Part 3: Short Answer

Instructions: Write your answers in the space provided.

18. Write an algebraic expression to represent the verbal 18. (n  3)2

expression the square of the sum of a number and three.

19. If f(x)  x2  3x, find f(2  a). 19. a 2
7a  10

20. Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line 20. y 
x  4

through (1, 3) and (–3, 7).

21. Solve the system of equations 2x  5y  16 21. (3,
2)

4x  3y  6 by using elimination.
s  0; t  0;
22. The floor area of a furniture storeroom is 500 square yards. 22. 3s  4t  500;
One sofa requires 3 square yards and one dining table s  t  150
requires 4 square yards of space. The room can hold a
maximum of 150 pieces of furniture. Let s represent
the number of sofas and t represent the number of tables.
Write a system of inequalities to represent the number of
pieces of furniture that can be placed in the storeroom.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 
0 3
23. State the dimensions of matrix A if A  10 7 . 23. 32
0 4

29
25

 
1
24. Find the product
3 6 4
0 5 2   5 , if possible. 24.
2
3
2
25. Write a matrix equation for the system of equations 25.
4 5  m
n    9
16

3m  2n  16
4m  5n  9

2.4  109
26. Evaluate   2 . Express the result in scientific notation. 26.
1.5  1011
1.6  10
1
27. 3x
x  1
2x  1
2
27. Use long division to find (6x3  x2  x)  (2x  1).

28. Consider the polynomial function,

f(x)  2x4  x3  6x2  7x  5
a. What is the degree of the function? 28a. 4
b. What is the leading coefficient of the function? 28b. 2
28c. 73; 162a
27a 
4 3
c. Evaluate f(2) and f(3a).
54a 2
21a
5
Chapter 6 90 Glencoe Algebra 2
 A1-A33
A2-06-873976

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6 Anticipation Guide 6-1 Lesson Reading Guide

Chapter 6
Polynomial Functions and Inequalities Properties of Exponents
5/16/06

STEP 1 Before you begin Chapter 6 Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-1 in your textbook.
• Read each statement.
Your textbook gives the U.S. public debt as an example from economics that involves
2:19 PM

• Decide whether you Agree (A) or Disagree (D) with the statement. large numbers that are difficult to work with when written in standard notation.
Give an example from science that involves very large numbers and one that
• Write A or D in the first column OR if you are not sure whether you agree or disagree, involves very small numbers. Sample answer: distances between Earth
write NS (Not Sure). and the stars, sizes of molecules and atoms
Page A1

STEP 1 Statement STEP 2 Read the Lesson

A, D, or NS A or D
1. Tell whether each expression is a monomial or not a monomial.
1. The monomial 6m4n2p5 has a degree of 5.
Answers

D
Lesson 6-1

2. To multiply powers of the same variable, add the exponents. A a. 3x2 monomial b. y2  5y
6 not a monomial
3. (12t 2
3t  4)
(8t 2  4t
4) is equal to 4t 2
7t  8. A
1
4. (6x  2)(7x
1) is equal to 42x2
2. D c.
73x monomial d. 
z not a monomial
5. The leading coefficient of a polynomial is the coefficient of
the first term. D
2. Complete the following definitions of a negative exponent and a zero exponent.
6. The graph of any polynomial is a parabola. D 1



7. The graph of a polynomial of even degree will approach For any real number a  0 and any integer n, a
n  an .

A1
either  or
 as x →  and as x →
. A
8. If the graph of a polynomial function has an x-intercept, For any real number a  0, a0  1 .
then the polynomial has at least one real solution. A
9. a2
2ab
b2 is a perfect square trinomial. D 3. Name the property or properties of exponents that you would use to simplify each
10. If f(a)  0, then x
a is a factor of the polynomial f(x). A expression. (Do not actually simplify.)
11. Every polynomial equation with degree greater than 0 has
at least one root in the set of complex numbers. A m8
a. 3 quotient of powers
m
12. To find all the rational zeros of a polynomial function, all
the possible zeros must be tested using synthetic D b. y6  y9 product of powers
substitution.

c. (3r2s)4 power of a product and power of a power

STEP 2 After you complete Chapter 6

(Anticipation Guide and Lesson 6-1)

Remember What You Learned

• Reread each statement and complete the last column by entering an A or a D. 4. When writing a number in scientific notation, some students have trouble remembering

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

when to use positive exponents and when to use negative ones. What is an easy way to
• Did any of your opinions about the statements change from the first column?
remember this? Sample answer: Use a positive exponent if the number is
• For those statements that you mark with a D, use a piece of paper to write an example of
10 or greater. Use a negative number if the number is less than 1 but
why you disagree.
greater than zero.

Chapter 6 3 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 5 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
 A1-A33

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-1 Study Guide and Intervention 6-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Properties of Exponents Properties of Exponents

Scientific Notation
Multiply and Divide Monomials Negative exponents are a way of expressing the
multiplicative inverse of a number. Scientific notation A number expressed in the form a  10n, where 1 a 10 and n is an integer

1 1
Negative Exponents a
n  and   an for any real number a  0 and any integer n.
5/16/06

an a
n Example 1 Express 46,000,000 in scientific notation.

When you simplify an expression, you rewrite it without parentheses or negative 46,000,000  4.6  10,000,000 1 4.6 10
exponents. The following properties are useful when simplifying expressions.
 4.6  107 Write 10,000,000 as a power of ten.

Product of Powers am  an  am  n for any real number a and integers m and n.

Example 2 3.5  104
am
2:19 PM

Quotient of Powers   am
n for any real number a  0 and integers m and n. Evaluate



2 . Express the result in scientific notation.
an 5  10
For a, b real numbers and m, n integers: 3.5  104 3.5 104
 
(am )n  amn 5  10
2 5 10
2
Lesson 6-1

(ab)m  ambm  0.7  106

Properties of Powers a n an
   ,b0  7  105
b

 bn
Page A2

n n bn
  or n , a  0, b  0

ab 
ab  a
Exercises

Example Express each number in scientific notation.

Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.
1. 24,300 2. 0.00099 3. 4,860,000
Answers

(
m4)3
a. (3m4n2)(5mn)2 b.

2.43  104 9.9  104 4.86  106
(2m2)
2

A2
(3m4n
2)(
5mn)2  3m4n
2  25m2n2 (
m4)3

m12 4. 525,000,000 5. 0.0000038 6. 221,000
 75m4m2n
2n2 (2m2)
2  
1 5.25  108 3.8  106 2.21  105
 75m4  2n
2  2 
4m4
 75m6 7. 0.000000064 8. 16,750 9. 0.000369

m12  4m4

4m16 6.4  108 1.675  104 3.69  104

Exercises Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation.

(Lesson 6-1)

10. (3.6  104)(5  103) 11. (1.4  10
8)(8  1012) 12. (4.2  10
3)(3  10
2)
Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.
1.8  108 1.12  105 1.26  104
b8
1. c12  c
4  c6 c14 2. 2 b 6 3. (a4)5 a 20 9.5  107 1.62  10
2 4.81  108
b 13.  14.  15. 4
3.8  10
2 1.8  105 6.5  10
2.5  109 9  108 7.4  103
x
2 y y 2 a2b
1 b x2 y 2 x2
4.  5. 
6. 3
16. (3.2  10
3)2 17. (4.5  107)2 18. (6.8  10
5)2
x4y
1

x6
a
3b2 
a5
xy  y4 1.024  105 2.025  1015 4.624  109
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

19. ASTRONOMY Pluto is 3,674.5 million miles from the sun. Write this number in
1 8m3n2 2m2 scientific notation. 3.6745  109 miles
7.  (
5a2b3)2(abc)2 5a6b 8c 2 8. m7  m8 m15 9. 3

5 4mn n
20. CHEMISTRY The boiling point of the metal tungsten is 10,220°F. Write this
temperature in scientific notation. 1.022  104

23c4t2 24j 2 2mn2(3m2n)2 3 21. BIOLOGY The human body contains 0.0004% iodine by weight. How many pounds of
10. 
2 4 2 2 11. 4j(2j
2k2)(3j 3k
7)
12. 
3 4
m 2 iodine are there in a 120-pound teenager? Express your answer in scientific notation.
2 c t 5 k 12m n 2
4.8  104 lb

Chapter 6 6 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 7 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
 A1-A33
A2-06-873976

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-1 Skills Practice 6-1

Chapter 6
Practice
Properties of Exponents Properties of Exponents
5/16/06

Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.
1. n5  n2 n7 2. y7  y3  y2 y12
1. b4  b3 b 7 2. c5  c2  c2 c 9
1
3. t9  t
8 t 4. x
4  x
4  x4

2:19 PM

x 4
1 8c9
3. a
4  a
3
4. x5  x
4  x x 2
a7 5. (2f 4)6 64f 24 6. (
2b
2c3)3 

b6
20d 3t 2
5. (g4)2 g 8 6. (3u)3 27u 3 7. (4d 2t5v
4)(
5dt
3v
1) 
5 8. 8u(2z)3 64uz 3
v
Page A3

12m8 y6 4m 7y 2
6s5x3 s4
9. 4 
10. 7 
4

9my 3 18sx 3x
7. (
x)4 x 4 8.
5(2z)3 40z 3

27x3(
x7) 27x 6 2 4
Lesson 6-1

11. 
12. 
2 3 6

16x4 16
3r 2s z  9r 4s 6z 12
256
9.
(
3d)4 81d 4 10. (
2t2)3 8t 6 13.
(4w
3z
5)(8w)2 
5 14. (m4n6)4(m3n2p5)6 m 34n 36p 30
wz
4 3 2x y
3 2
2 y6
s15
15.  d 2f 4

32 

43 d 5f 12d 23f 19 16. 
2 5

11. (
r7)3 r 21 12.  3

x y  4x 2
12 s
s (3x
2y3)(5xy
8) 15x11
20(m2v)(
v)3 4v2
17. 

3 4
2
3 18. 
2 4 
2
(x ) y
Answers

y 5(
v) (
m ) m
k9 1

A3
13. 
10
14. (
3f 3g)3 27f 9g 3
k k Express each number in scientific notation.

19. 896,000 20. 0.000056 21. 433.7  108

15. (2x)2(4y)2 64x 2y 2 16.
2gh( g3h5) 2g 4h 6 8.96  105 5.6  105 4.337  1010

24wz7 8z 2 Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation.

17. 10x2y3(10xy8) 100x 3y11 18. 3 5
2
3w z w 2.7  106
(Lesson 6-1)

22. (4.8  102)(6.9  104) 23. (3.7  109)(8.7  102) 24. 

10
9  10

6a4bc8 c7
10pq4r 2q 2 3.312  107 3.219  1012 3  105
19. 
7 2 
3 20. 
3 2
2
36a b c 6a b
5p q r p
25. COMPUTING The term bit, short for binary digit, was first used in 1946 by John Tukey.
A single bit holds a zero or a one. Some computers use 32-bit numbers, or strings of
Express each number in scientific notation. 32 consecutive bits, to identify each address in their memories. Each 32-bit number
corresponds to a number in our base-ten system. The largest 32-bit number is nearly
21. 53,000 5.3  104 22. 0.000248 2.48  104 4,295,000,000. Write this number in scientific notation. 4.295  109

26. LIGHT When light passes through water, its velocity is reduced by 25%. If the speed of
light in a vacuum is 1.86  105 miles per second, at what velocity does it travel through
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

23. 410,100,000 4.101  108 24. 0.00000805 8.05  106 water? Write your answer in scientific notation. 1.395  105 mi/s

27. TREES Deciduous and coniferous trees are hard to distinguish in a black-and-white
Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation. photo. But because deciduous trees reflect infrared energy better than coniferous trees,
the two types of trees are more distinguishable in an infrared photo. If an infrared
9.6  107 10 wavelength measures about 8  10
7 meters and a blue wavelength measures about
25. (4  103)(1.6  10
6) 6.4  103 26. 
3 6.4  10
1.5  10 4.5  10
7 meters, about how many times longer is the infrared wavelength than the
blue wavelength? about 1.8 times

Chapter 6 8 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 9 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
 A1-A33

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-1 Word Problem Practice 6-1 Enrichment

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Properties of Exponents
1. MASS Joseph operates a forklift. He is 4. POPULATION As of November 2004, Properties of Exponents
able to lift 4.72  103 kilograms with the United States Census Bureau
the forklift. There are 103 grams in estimated the population of the United The rules about powers and exponents are usually given with letters such as m, n,
1 kilogram. How many grams is States as 297,681,499 and the world and k to represent exponents. For example, one rule states that am  an  am  n.
5/16/06

4.72  103 kilograms? Express your population as 6,479,541,872. Write the

In practice, such exponents are handled as algebraic expressions and the rules of
answer in scientific notation. ratio of the United States population to
algebra apply.
4.72
106 g the world population in scientific
notation.
4.59
102 Example 1 Simplify 2a2(a n  1  a 4n).
2:19 PM

2a2(an  1  a4n)  2a2  an  1  2a2  a4n Use the Distributive Law.

2. DENSITY The density of an object is
 2a2  n  1  2a2  4n Recall am  an  am  n.
equal to its mass divided by its volume.
A dumbbell has a mass of 9  103 grams  2an  3  2a2  4n Simplify the exponent 2  n  1 as n  3.
GLASS TABLES For Exercises 5 and 6,
Lesson 6-1

and a volume of 1.2  103 cubic It is important always to collect like terms only.
centimeters. use the following information.
Page A4

Evan builds rectangular glass coffee tables. Example 2 Simplify (a n  bm)2.

The area A of the tabletop is given by
(an  bm)2  (an
 bm)(an  bm)
A =
w, where
is the length of the table
F O I L
and w is the width of the table.
 an  an  an  bm  an  bm  bm  bm The second and third terms are like terms.
Answers

What is the density of the dumbbell?  a2n  2anbm  b2m

A4
7.5 g/cm3

Exercises

Simplify each expression by performing the indicated operations.

w
3. THE EARTH Earth’s diameter is 1. 232m 23  m 2. (a3)n a 3n 3. (4nb2)k 4knb 2k
approximately 1.2756  104 kilometers. 5. The larger the table surface, the thicker
The surface area of a sphere can be the glass must be. For this reason, the
found using the formula SA = 4πr2. cost of the table glass is proportional
(Lesson 6-1)

to A2. What is A2 in terms of
and w? 4. (x3a j )m x3ma jm 5. (
ayn)3 a 3y 3n 6. (
bkx)2 b 2kx 2

Express your answer without using
parentheses.

2w2
1.2756 
10 4 km 7. (c2)hk c 2hk 8. (
2dn)5 32d 5n 9. (a2b)(anb2) a 2  nb 3

an 12x3
6. The cost per unit length is proportional 10. (xnym)(xmyn) 11. 2 12. n
a 4x
A2
to  xn  myn  m an  2 3x 3  n
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

. Express the cost per unit length

What is the approximate surface area of
in terms of
and w. Express your
Earth? Express your answer in scientific
answer in simplest form. 13. (ab2
a2b)(3an  4bn) 3a n  1b 2  4ab n  2  3an  2b  4a 2b n  1
notation.
5.112
108 km2
w2

14. ab2(2a2bn
1  4abn  6bn  1) 2a 3b n  1  4a 2b n  2  6ab n  3

Chapter 6 10 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 11 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
 A1-A33
A2-06-873976

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-2 Lesson Reading Guide 6-2 Study Guide and Intervention

Chapter 6
Operations with Polynomials Operations with Polynomials
5/16/06

Get Ready for the Lesson Add and Subtract Polynomials

Read the introduction to Lesson 6-2 in your textbook. Polynomial a monomial or a sum of monomials
Suppose that Shenequa decides to enroll in a five-year engineering program rather Like Terms terms that have the same variable(s) raised to the same power(s)
than a four-year program. Using the model given in your textbook, how could she
2:19 PM

describe the tuition for the fifth year of her program? 23,310 (1  r)4. To add or subtract polynomials, perform the indicated operations and combine like terms.

Example 1 Simplify 6rs  18r 2  5s2  14r 2  8rs  6s2.

Read the Lesson
6rs 
18r2 5s2

14r2  8rs
6s2
 (18r2
14r2)  (
6rs  8rs)  (
5s2
6s2) Group like terms.
1. State whether each expression is a polynomial.
Page A5

 4r2  2rs
11s2 Combine like terms.

a. 2r7  r5
r polynomial
1 Example 2
b. 3x
2
x
not a polynomial Simplify 4xy2  12xy  7x 2y  (20xy  5xy2  8x 2y).
c. 4
9x2 polynomial 4xy2  12xy
7x2y
(20xy  5xy2
8x2y)
d. x2 polynomial  4xy2  12xy
7x2y
20xy
5xy2  8x2y Distribute the minus sign.
 (
7x2y  8x2y )  (4xy2
5xy2)  (12xy
20xy) Group like terms.
2. State the degree of each polynomial.  x2y
xy2
8xy Combine like terms.

a. 4r4
2r5  1 degree 4

b. 3x
3x2 degree 2 Exercises
Answers
Lesson 6-2

c. 6x2 2x
4 degree 3

A5
Simplify.
d. 5x  3 degree 1
1. (6x2
3x  2)
(4x2  x
3) 2. (7y2  12xy
5x2)  (6xy
4y2
3x2)
3. State whether or not each polynomial is in simplified form. 2x 2  4x  5 3y 2 18xy  8x 2
a. 3x2  3y2 yes
3. (
4m2
6m)
(6m  4m2) 4. 27x2
5y2  12y2
14x2
b. 3x
11x no 8m 2  12m 13x 2  7y 2
c. 6m3  m2 no
(Lesson 6-2)

5. (18p2  11pq
6q2)
(15p2
3pq  4q2) 6. 17j 2
12k2  3j 2
15j 2  14k2
d. r2
2r yes 3p 2  14pq  10q 2 5j 2  2k 2
7. (8m2
7n2)
(n2
12m2) 8. 14bc  6b
4c  8b
8c  8bc
Remember What You Learned 20m 2  8n 2 14b  22bc  12c

4. You can always find the degree of a polynomial by remembering to look at the monomial 9. 6r2s  11rs2  3r2s
7rs2  15r2s
9rs2 10.
9xy  11x2
14y2
(6y2
5xy
3x2)
with the greatest degree. Write two polynomials of degree 3, two polynomials of degree 24r 2s  5rs 2 14x 2  4xy  20y 2
2, and two polynomials of degree 1.
Sample answer: x 3, 3x 3  2; x 2, 2x 2  1; x, x  5 11. (12xy
8x  3y)  (15x
7y
8xy) 12. 10.8b2
5.7b  7.2
(2.9b2
4.6b
3.1)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

7x  4xy  4y 7.9b 2  1.1b  10.3

13. (3bc
9b2
6c2)  (4c2
b2  5bc) 14. 11x2  4y2  6xy  3y2
5xy
10x2
10b 2  8bc  2c 2 x 2  xy  7y 2
1 3 1 1 1 3
15.  x2
 xy   y2
 xy   y2
 x2 16. 24p3
15p2  3p
15p3  13p2
7p
4 8 2 2 4 8
1 7 3

x 2 
xy 
y 2 9p 3  2p 2  4p
8 8 4

Chapter 6 12 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 13 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
 A1-A33

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-2 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 6-2 Skills Practice

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Operations with Polynomials Operations with Polynomials

Multiply Polynomials You use the distributive property when you multiply Determine whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, state the
polynomials. When multiplying binomials, the FOIL pattern is helpful. degree of the polynomial.
b2c 1
To multiply two binomials, add the products of 1. x2  2x  2 yes; 2 2. 4 no 3. 8xz   y yes; 2
d 2
F the first terms,
5/16/06

FOIL Pattern O the outer terms,

I the inner terms, and
L the last terms. Simplify.

Example 1 4. (g  5)  (2g  7) 5. (5d  5)
(d  1)

Find 4y(6  2y  5y 2).
2:19 PM

3g  12 4d  4
4y(6
2y  5y2)  4y(6)  4y(
2y)  4y(5y2) Distributive Property
 24y
8y2  20y3 Multiply the monomials.
6. (x2
3x
3)  (2x2  7x
2) 7. (
2f 2
3f
5)  (
2f 2
3f  8)
Example 2 Find (6x  5)(2x  1). 3x 2  4x  5 4f 2  6f  3
(6x
5)(2x  1)  6x  2x  6x  1  (
5)  2x  (
5)  1
Page A6

First terms Outer terms Inner terms Last terms 8. (4r2
6r  2)
(
r2  3r  5) 9. (2x2
3xy)
(3x2
6xy
4y2)
 12x2  6x
10x
5 Multiply monomials. 5r 2  9r  3 x 2  3xy  4y 2
 12x2
4x
5 Add like terms.

10. (5t
7)  (2t2  3t  12) 11. (u
4)
(6  3u2
4u)

Exercises
Answers

2t 2  8t  5 3u 2  5u  10
Lesson 6-2

A6
Find each product.
12.
5(2c2
d 2) 13. x2(2x  9)
1. 2x(3x2
5) 2. 7a(6
2a
a2) 3.
5y2( y2  2y
3)
10c 2  5d 2 2x 3  9x 2
6x 3  10x 42a  14a 2  7a 3 5y 4  10y 3  15y 2
4. (x
2)(x  7) 5. (5
4x)(3
2x) 6. (2x
1)(3x  5) 14. 2q(3pq  4q4) 15. 8w(hk2  10h3m4
6k5w3)
x 2  5x  14 15  22x  8x 2 6x 2  7x  5 6pq 2  8q 5 8hk 2w  80h 3m 4w  48k 5w 4
(Lesson 6-2)

7. (4x  3)(x  8) 8. (7x
2)(2x
7) 9. (3x
2)(x  10)

16. m2n3(
4m2n2
2mnp
7) 17.
3s2y(
2s4y2  3sy3  4)
4x 2  35x  24 14x 2  53x  14 3x 2  28x  20
4m 4n 5  2m 3n 4p  7m 2n 3 6s 6y 3  9s3y 4  12s 2y
10. 3(2a  5c)
2(4a
6c) 11. 2(a
6)(2a  7) 12. 2x(x  5)
x2(3
x)
2a  27c 4a 2  10a  84 x 3  x 2  10x 18. (c  2)(c  8) 19. (z
7)(z  4)
c 2  10c  16 z 2  3z  28
13. (3t2
8)(t2  5) 14. (2r  7)2 15. (c  7)(c
3)
3t 4  7t 2  40 4r 2  28r  49 c 2  4c  21
20. (a
5)2 21. (2x
3)(3x
5)
a2  10a  25 6x 2  19x  15
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

16. (5a  7)(5a
7) 17. (3x2
1)(2x2  5x)

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

25a 2  49 6x 4  15x 3  2x 2  5x
22. (r
2s)(r  2s) 23. (3y  4)(2y
3)
18. (x2
2)(x2
5) 19. (x  1)(2x2
3x  1) r 2  4s 2 6y 2  y  12
x4  7x 2  10 2x 3  x2  2x  1
20. (2n2
3)(n2  5n
1) 21. (x
1)(x2
3x  4) 24. (3
2b)(3  2b) 25. (3w  1)2
2n 4  10n 3  5n 2  15n  3 x 3  4x 2  7x  4 9  4b 2 9w 2  6w  1

Chapter 6 14 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 15 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-2 Practice 6-2 Word Problem Practice

Chapter 6
Operations with Polynomials Operations with Polynomials
5/16/06

Determine whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, state the 1. ROLLER COASTERS A roller coaster 4. CONSTRUCTION A rectangular deck is
degree of the polynomial. has a section of track that can be built around a square pool. The pool has
4 12m8n9
described mathematically by the side length s. The length of the deck is
1. 5x3  2xy4  6xy yes; 5 2.
 ac
a5d3 yes; 8 3. 2 no expression 5 units longer than twice the side length
3 (m
n)
of the pool. The width of the deck is
2:19 PM

5 6 1
4. 25x3z
x78
 yes; 4 5. 6c
2  c
1 no 6.    no  (x3
x). 3 units longer than the side length of
r s 50
the pool. What is the area of the deck
Simplify. Is this a polynomial? in terms of s?
yes s2  11s  15
7. (3n2  1)  (8n2
8) 8. (6w
11w2)
(4  7w2)
Page A7

11n 2  7 18w 2  6w  4 2. JUGGLING When balls are being SAIL BOATS For Exercises 5–7, use the
juggled, the paths of the balls can be following information.
9. (
6n
13n2)  (
3n  9n2) 10. (8x2
3x)
(4x2  5x
3) described mathematically. For a short
9n  4n 2 4x 2  8x  3 period of time, the altitudes of two balls Tamara requests a custom-made sail for her
are described by the polynomials sailboat. The base of her triangular sail is
11. (5m2
2mp
6p2)
(
3m2  5mp  p2) 12. (2x2
xy  y2)  (
3x2  4xy  3y2)

16t2  7t  4 and
16t2  14t  4, 2x  1 and the height is 4x  6.
8m 2  7mp  7p 2 x 2  3xy  4y 2 where t represents time. What is the
13. (5t
7)  (2t2  3t  12) 14. (u
4)
(6  3u2
4u) difference in altitudes between these
two balls?
2t 2  8t  5 3u 2  5u  10
7t or 7t 4x + 6
15.
9( y2
7w) 16.
9r4y2(
3ry7  2r3y4
8r10)
Answers

9y 2  63w 27r 5y 9  18r 7y 6  72r14y 2 3. VOLUME The volume of a rectangular

Lesson 6-2

2x + 1

A7
prism is given by the product of its
17.
6a2w(a3w
aw4) 18. 5a2w3(a2w6
3a4w2  9aw6) length, width, and height. Samantha
6a 5w 2  6a 3w 5 5a4w 9  15a 6w 5  45a 3w 9 has a rectangular prism that has a
length of b2 units, a width of a units, 5. Find the area of the sail.
3
19. 2x2(x2  xy
2y2) 20.
 ab3d2(
5ab2d5
5ab) and a height of ab + c units. 4x 2  8x  3
5
2x 4  2x 3y  4x 2y 2 3a 2b 5d 7  3a 2b4d 2
21. (v2
6)(v2  4) 22. (7a  9y)(2a
y)
(Lesson 6-2)

ab + c 6. If Tamara wants a different color on

v 4  2v 2  24 14a 2  11ay  9y 2
each side of her sail, write a polynomial
23. ( y
8)2 24. (x2  5y)2 a to represent the total amount of fabric
b2
y 2  16y  64 x 4  10x 2y  25y 2 she will need to make the sail.
What is the volume of Samantha’s 8x2  16x  6
25. (5x  4w)(5x
4w) 26. (2n4
3)(2n4  3) rectangular prism? Express your answer
25x 2  16w 2 4n8  9 in simplified form.
2s)(w2 4s2)
a2b3  ab2c
27. (w 
2ws  28. (x  y)(x2
3xy  2y2) 7. Tamara decides she also wants a
w 3  8s3 x 3  2x 2y  xy 2  2y 3 special trim for the hypotenuse of her
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

triangular sail. Write an expression

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

29. BANKING Terry invests $1500 in two mutual funds. The first year, one fund grows that describes the amount of trim she
3.8% and the other grows 6%. Write a polynomial to represent the amount Terry’s $1500 will need.
grows to in that year if x represents the amount he invested in the fund with the lesser
growth rate. 0.022x  1590
20x
 2  37
52x 

30. GEOMETRY The area of the base of a rectangular box measures 2x2  4x
3 square
units. The height of the box measures x units. Find a polynomial expression for the
volume of the box. 2x 3  4x 2  3x units3

Chapter 6 16 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 17 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
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6-2 Enrichment 6-3 Lesson Reading Guide

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Dividing Polynomials
Polynomials with Fractional Coefficients Get Ready for the Lesson
Polynomials may have fractional coefficients as long as there are no variables Read the introduction to Lesson 6-3 in your textbook.
in the denominators. Computing with fractional coefficients is performed in Using the division symbol ( ), write the division problem that you would use
the same way as computing with whole-number coefficients.
5/16/06

to answer the question asked in the introduction. (Do not actually divide.)
[(140x2  60x)  10x  14x]  2
Simpliply. Write all coefficients as fractions.
Read the Lesson
2 1 5 3 31 5 55
1. m
p
n
p
m
n

m 

n 

p 1. a. Explain in words how to divide a polynomial by a monomial. Divide each term of

35 7 3 
73 2 4  10 12 21
2:19 PM

the polynomial by the monomial.

b. If you divide a trinomial by a monomial and get a polynomial, what kind of
polynomial will the quotient be? trinomial
4 5 1 2 7 6 1 3 25 7
2.  x
 y
 z 
 x  y   z 
 x
 y   z

x 

y 

z

32 3 4 
4 5 
8 7 2  8 21 20 2. Look at the following division example that uses the division algorithm for polynomials.
Page A8

2x  4
2x2
4x  7
x
4
Answers

1 1 2 3 4 1 1 2x2
8x
3.  a2
 ab   b2   a2   ab
 b2

a2 

ab 

b2

12 3 4 
56 3 4  3 3 2 4x  7
4x
16
23

A8
Which of the following is the correct way to write the quotient? C
1 1 1 5 1 1 7
4.  a2
 ab   b2
 a2
 ab   b2

a2 

ab 

b2 23 23

12 3 4 
13 2 6  6 6 12 A. 2x  4 B. x
4 C. 2x  4   D. 
x
4 x
4

3. If you use synthetic division to divide x3  3x2
5x
8 by x
2, the division will look
like this:
1 1 2 1 1 25 1
5.  a2
 ab   b2   a
 b

a3 

a2b 

ab2 

b3 2 1 3

12 3 4 
12 3  4 2 72 6
5
8
2 10 10
Lesson 6-3

1 5 5 2

1 2 1 2 4 1 4 4 Which of the following is the answer for this division problem? B

(Lessons 6-2 and 6-3)

6.  a2
 a     a3   a2
 a

a5 

a3 

a2 

a

23 5 7 
23 5 7  9 25 35 49 2
A. x2  5x  5 B. x2  5x  5  
x
2
2
C. x3  5x2  5x   D. x3  5x2  5x  2
x
2
3 1 1 1 79 3 49
7.  x2
 x
2   x
 x2
 

x4 

x3 

x2 

x  1

23 4 
45 6 2  9 120 5 40 Remember What You Learned
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. When you translate the numbers in the last row of a synthetic division into the quotient
and remainder, what is an easy way to remember which exponents to use in writing the
1 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 1 1 1 terms of the quotient? Sample answer: Start with the power that is one less
8.    x   x4
 x2   x3

 x

x7 

x5 

x3 

x2 

x 



16 3 6 2 
16 3 3  36 36 36 18 6 18 than the degree of the dividend. Decrease the power by one for each
term after the first. The final number will be the remainder. Drop any term
that is represented by a 0.

Chapter 6 18 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 19 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-3 Study Guide and Intervention 6-3 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Chapter 6
Dividing Polynomials Dividing Polynomials
5/16/06

Use Long Division To divide a polynomial by a monomial, use the properties of Use Synthetic Division
exponents from Lesson 6-1.
a procedure to divide a polynomial by a binomial using coefficients of the dividend and
To divide a polynomial by a polynomial, use a long division pattern. Remember that only Synthetic division
the value of r in the divisor x
r
like terms can be added or subtracted.
2:19 PM

Use synthetic division to find (2x3
5x2  5x
2) (x
1).

Example 1 12p3t2r  21p2qtr2  9p3tr
Simplify




2 . Step 1 Write the terms of the dividend so that the degrees of the terms are in 2x 3
5x 2  5x
2
3p tr
descending order. Then write just the coefficients. 2
5 5
2
12p3t2r
21p2qtr2
9p3tr 12p3t2r 21p2qtr2 9p3tr
 2  2


3p tr 3p tr 3p2tr 3p2tr Step 2 Write the constant r of the divisor x
r to the left, In this case, r  1. 1 2
5 5
2
Bring down the first coefficient, 2, as shown.
12 21 9
Page A9

  p3
2t2
1r1
1
 p2
2qt1
1r2
1
 p3
2t1
1r1
1 2

3 3 3
Step 3 Multiply the first coefficient by r, 1  2  2. Write their product under the 1 2
5 5
2
 4pt
7qr
3p
second coefficient. Then add the product and the second coefficient: 2

5  2 
3. 2
3
Example 2 Use long division to find (x3  8x2  4x  9)  (x  4).
Step 4 Multiply the sum,
3, by r:
3  1 
3. Write the product under the next 1 2
5 5
2
x2
4x
12 coefficient and add: 5  (
3)  2. 2
3
x
4
x
3

8x
2 4
x
9 2
3 2
(
)x3
4x2 Step 5 Multiply the sum, 2, by r: 2  1  2. Write the product under the next 1 2
5 5
2
2

4x  4x coefficient and add:
2  2  0. The remainder is 0. 2
3 2
(
)
4x2  16x 2
3 2 0
Answers

12x
9
Thus, (2x3
5x2  5x
2) (x
1)  2x2
3x  2.

A9
(
)
12x  48

57
The quotient is x2
4x
12, and the remainder is
57. Exercises
x3
8x2  4x
9 57
Therefore   x2
4x
12
 . Simplify.
x
4 x
4

1. (3x3
7x2  9x
14) (x
2) 2. (5x3  7x2
x
3) (x  1)

Exercises
3x 2 x7 5x 2  2x  3
(Lesson 6-3)
Lesson 6-3

Simplify.
18a3  30a2 24mn6
40m2n3 60a2b3
48b4  84a5b2 3. (2x3  3x2
10x
3) (x  3) 4. (x3
8x2  19x
9) (x
4)
1.  2. 
2 3 3. 
2 3
3a 4m n 12ab 2x 2  3x  1 x 2  4x  3 

x4
6n 3 4b2
6a 2  10a
 10 5ab 
 7a 4 5. (2x3  10x2  9x  38) (x  5) 6. (3x3
8x2  16x
1) (x
1)
m a
7 10
4. (2x2
5x
3) (x
3) 5. (m2
3m
7) (m  2) 2x 2 9

x5
3x 2  5x  11 

x1
3
2x  1 m5
7. (x3
9x2  17x
1) (x
2) 8. (4x3
25x2  4x  20) (x
6)
m2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

5 8
6. (p3
6) (p
1) 7. (t3
6t2  1) (t  2)
x 2  7x  3 

x2
4x 2  x  2 

x6
5 31 9. (6x3  28x2
7x  9) (x  5) 10. (x4
4x3  x2  7x
2) (x
2)
p2  p  1 

p1
t 2  8t  16 

t2 6
6x 2  2x  3 

x5
x 3  2x 2  3x  1
8. (x5
1) (x
1) 9. (2x3
5x2  4x
4) (x
2)
65
x4  x3  x2 x1 2x 2 x2 11. (12x4  20x3
24x2  20x  35) (3x  5) 4x 3  8x  20 

3x  5

Chapter 6 20 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 21 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-3 Skills Practice 6-3 Practice

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Dividing Polynomials Dividing Polynomials

Simplify. Simplify.
10c  6 12x  20 15r10
5r8  40r2 8 6k2m
12k3m2  9m3 3k 9m
1.  5c  3 2.  3x  5 1.  4 3r 6  r 4 
2 2. 
2
 6k 2 

2 4 5r r 2km m 2k
5/16/06

15y3  6y2  3y 12x2
4x
8 2 3. (
30x3y  12x2y2
18x2y) (
6x2y) 4. (
6w3z4
3w2z5  4w  5z) (2w2z)
3.  5y 2  2y  1
3y
4.  3x  1 

4x 3z 4 2 5
x 5x  2y  3 3wz 3 


2
2 wz 2w
5. (4a3
8a2  a2)(4a)
1 6. (28d 3k2  d 2k2
4dk2)(4dk2)
1
a d
2:19 PM

5. (15q6  5q2)(5q4)
1 6. (4f 5
6f 4  12f 3
8f 2)(4f 2)
1 a 2  2a 

7d 2 

 1

4 4
1 3f 2 f 2  7f  10 2x2  3x
14
3q 2 
2 f 3 
 3f  2 7.  f  5 8.  2x  7
q 2 f2 x
2

7. (6j 2k
9jk2) 3jk 8. (4a2h2
8a3h  3a4) (2a2)

3a 2 9. (a3
64) (a
4) a 2  4a  16 10. (b3  27) (b  3) b 2  3b  9
2j  3k 2h 2  4ah 

Page A10

2
9. (n2  7n  10) (n  5) 10. (d 2  4d  3) (d  1) 2x3  6x  152 3
2x  4x
6 72
11.  2x 2  8x  38 12.  2x 2  6x  22 

x4 x3 x3
n2 d3
Answers

11. (2s2  13s  15) (s  5) 12. (6y2  y
2)(2y
1)
1 13. (3w3  7w2
4w  3) (w  3) 14. (6y4  15y3
28y
6) (y  2)

A10
3 26
2s  3 3y  2 3w 2  2w  2 

6y 3  3y 2  6y  16 


w3 y2
15. (x4
3x3
11x2  3x  10) (x
5) 16. (3m5  m
1) (m  1)
13. (4g2
9) (2g  3) 14. (2x2
5x
4) (x
3) 5
1 x3  2x 2 x2 3m4  3m 3  3m 2  3m  4 

2g  3 2x  1 
m1
x3 17. (x4
3x3  5x
6)(x  2)
1 18. (6y2
5y
15)(2y  3)
1
24 6
(Lesson 6-3)

u2  5u
12 2x2
5x
4
Lesson 6-3

15.  16.  x 3  5x 2  10x  15 

3y  7 

u
3 x
3 x2 2y  3
12 1 4x2
2x  6 6x2
x
7
u8
2x  1 
19.  20. 
u3 x3 2x
3 3x  1
12 6
2x  2 

2x  1 


17. (3v2
7v
10)(v
4)
1 18. (3t4  4t3
32t2
5t
20)(t  4)
1 2x  3 3x  1
10 21. (2r3  5r2
2r
15) (2r
3) 22. (6t3  5t2
2t  1) (3t  1)
3v  5 

v4
3t 3  8t 2  5 2
r 2  4r  5 2t 2  t  1 


3t  1
y3
y2
6 2x3
x2
19x  15
19.  20.  4p4
17p2  14p
3 2h4
h3  h2  h
3
y2 x
3 23.  24. 
2
2p
3 h
1
18 3
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

y2  3y  6 

y2
2x 2  5x  4 

x3 2p 3  3p 2  4p  1 2h 2  h  3

21. (4p3
3p2  2p) ( p
1) 22. (3c4  6c3
2c  4)(c  2)
1 25. GEOMETRY The area of a rectangle is 2x2
11x  15 square feet. The length of the
3 8 rectangle is 2x
5 feet. What is the width of the rectangle? x  3 ft
4p 2  p  3 

p1
3c 3  2 

c2
26. GEOMETRY The area of a triangle is 15x4  3x3  4x2
x
3 square meters. The
23. GEOMETRY The area of a rectangle is x3  8x2  13x
12 square units. The width of length of the base of the triangle is 6x2
2 meters. What is the height of the triangle?
the rectangle is x  4 units. What is the length of the rectangle? x 2  4x  3 units 5x 2  x  3 m

Chapter 6 22 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 23 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-3 6-3 Enrichment

Chapter 6
Word Problem Practice
Dividing Polynomials
5/16/06

1. REMAINDERS Jordan divided the 4. AREA The area of a large rectangular Oblique Asymptotes
polynomial x4  x
6 into the sheet is s3  3s2  4s  1 square inches.
polynomial p(x) yesterday. Today his The graph of y  ax  b, where a  0, is called an oblique asymptote of y  f(x)
work is smudged and he cannot read if the graph of f comes closer and closer to the line as x → ∞ or x →
∞. ∞ is the
p(x) or most of his answer. The only part mathematical symbol for infinity, which means endless.
2:19 PM

he could read was the remainder x  4. s+1 2

For f(x)  3x  4  , y  3x  4 is an oblique asymptote because
His teacher wants him to find p(
3). x
What is p(
3)? 2 2
f(x)
3x
4  , and  → 0 as x → ∞ or
∞. In other words, as | x |
1 x x
? 2
increases, the value of  gets smaller and smaller approaching 0.
x
If the length of the sheet is s  1 inches,
Page A11

2. LONG DIVISION Dana used long what is the width of the sheet?
Example x2  8x  15
division to divide x4  x3  x2  x  1 1 Find the oblique asymptote for f(x) 

.
s 2  2s  2   in. x2
by x  2. Her work is shown below with s1

2 1 8 15 Use synthetic division.
three numbers missing.

2
12
x3
x2  3x
5 1 6 3
x  2x4 x3 x2 
x 1
  NUMBER THEORY For Exercises 5-6,
4 3 use the following information. x2  8x  15 3
(

)x
2
x3 y    x  6  

x  A x2 x2
( )
x3
2x2 Mr. Collins has his class working with bases
3
Answers



2 and polynomials. He wrote on the board As | x | increases, the value of  gets smaller. In other words, since
3x  x x2
(
) 3x2  B that the number 1111 in base B has the 3

A11
  → 0 as x → ∞ or x →
∞, y  x  6 is an oblique asymptote.
value B3  B2  B  1. The class was then x2

5x  1
(
)
5x
10 given the following questions to answer.
 Exercises
C
5. The number 11 in base B has the value
What are A, B, and C? Use synthetic division to find the oblique asymptote for each function.
B  1. What is 1111 (in base B) divided
A is x 2; B is 6x; C is 11. by 11 (in base B)? 8x2
4x  11
B2  1 1. y   y  8x  44
x5
(Lesson 6-3)
Lesson 6-3

3. AVERAGES Shelby is a statistician.

She has a list of n  1 numbers and she x2  3x
15
needs to find their average. Two of the 2. y   y  x  5
x
2
numbers are n3 and 2. Each of the other
n
1 numbers are all equal to 1. What
is the average of these numbers? 6. The number 111 in base B has the value
B2  B  1. What is 1111 (in base B) x2
2x
18
1 3. y   y  x  1
x
3
n2  n  2   divided by 111 (in base B)?
n 1
1
B  
2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

B B 1
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

ax2  bx  c
4. y   y  ax  b  ad
x
d

ax2  bx  c
5. y   y  ax  b  ad
xd

Chapter 6 24 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 25 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
 A1-A33

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-4 Lesson Reading Guide 6-4 Study Guide and Intervention

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Polynomial Functions Polynomial Functions

Get Ready for the Lesson Polynomial Functions
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-4 in your textbook. A polynomial of degree n in one variable x is an expression of the form
• In the honeycomb cross section shown in your textbook, there is 1 hexagon in the Polynomial in a0x n  a1x n
1  …  an
2x 2  an
1x  an,
One Variable
5/16/06

center, 6 hexagons in the second ring, and 12 hexagons in the third ring. How many where the coefficients a0, a1, a2, …, an represent real numbers, a0 is not zero,
hexagons will there be in the fourth, fifth, and sixth rings? 18; 24; 30 and n represents a nonnegative integer.

• There is 1 hexagon in a honeycomb with 1 ring. There are 7 hexagons in a The degree of a polynomial in one variable is the greatest exponent of its variable. The
honeycomb with 2 rings. How many hexagons are there in honeycombs with leading coefficient is the coefficient of the term with the highest degree.
3 rings, 4 rings, 5 rings, and 6 rings?
19; 37; 61; 91 A polynomial function of degree n can be described by an equation of the form
2:19 PM

Polynomial P(x)  a0x n  a1x n
1  …  an
2x 2  an
1x  an,

Function where the coefficients a0, a1, a2, …, an represent real numbers, a0 is not zero,
and n represents a nonnegative integer.
Read the Lesson
1. Give the degree and leading coefficient of each polynomial in one variable.
Example 1 What are the degree and leading coefficient of 3x2  2x4  7  x3 ?
Page A12

degree leading coefficient

Rewrite the expression so the powers of x are in decreasing order.
a. 10x3  3x2
x  7 3 10
2x4  x3  3x2
7
b. 7y2
2y5  y
4y3 5 2 This is a polynomial in one variable. The degree is 4, and the leading coefficient is
2.
c. 100 0 100
Answers

Example 2 Find f(5) if f(x)  x3  2x2  10x  20.

Original function

A12
2. Match each description of a polynomial function from the list on the left with the f(x)  x3  2x2
10x  20
corresponding end behavior from the list on the right. f(
5)  (
5)3  2(
5)2
10(
5)  20 Replace x with
5.

125  50  50  20 Evaluate.
a. even degree, negative leading coefficient iii i. f(x) →  as x → ; 
5 Simplify.
f(x) →  as x →

Example 3 Find g(a2  1) if g(x)  x2  3x  4.
b. odd degree, positive leading coefficient iv ii. f(x) →
 as x → ;
f(x) →  as x →
 g(x)  x2  3x
4 Original function
(Lesson 6-4)

g(a2
1)  (a2
1)2  3(a2
1)
4 Replace x with a 2
1.

c. odd degree, negative leading coefficient ii iii. f(x) →
 as x → ;  a4
2a2  1  3a2
3
4 Evaluate.
f(x) →
 as x →
  a4  a2
6 Simplify.

d. even degree, positive leading coefficient i iv. f(x) →  as x → ; Exercises

f(x) →
 as x →

State the degree and leading coefficient of each polynomial in one variable. If it is
not a polynomial in one variable, explain why.
8; 8
Remember What You Learned
Lesson 6-4

1. 3x4  6x3
x2  12 4; 3 2. 100
5x3  10x7 7; 10 3. 4x6  6x4  8x8
10x2  20

3. What is an easy way to remember the difference between the end behavior of the graphs x2 x6 x3 1
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. 4x2
3xy  16y2 5. 8x3
9x5  4x2
36 6. 
  


of even-degree and odd-degree polynomial functions? 18 25 36 72
not a polynomial in 5; 9 1
Sample answer: Both ends of the graph of an even-degree function one variable; contains 6; 

25
eventually keep going in the same direction. For odd-degree functions, two variables
the two ends eventually head in opposite directions, one upward, the Find f(2) and f(5) for each function.
other downward.
7. f(x)  x2
9 8. f(x)  4x3
3x2  2x
1 9. f(x)  9x3
4x2  5x  7
5; 16 23; 586 73; 1243

Chapter 6 26 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 27 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-4 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 6-4 Skills Practice

Chapter 6
Polynomial Functions Polynomial Functions
5/16/06

Graphs of Polynomial Functions State the degree and leading coefficient of each polynomial in one variable. If it is
not a polynomial in one variable, explain why.
If the degree is even and the leading coefficient is positive, then
f(x) →  as x →
 1. a  8 1; 1 2. (2x
1)(4x2  3) 3; 8
f(x) →  as x → 
2:19 PM

If the degree is even and the leading coefficient is negative, then 3.
5x5  3x3
8 5; 5 4. 18
3y  5y2
y5  7y6 6; 7
f(x) →
 as x →

End Behavior 1
f(x) →
 as x →  5. u3  4u2v2  v4 6. 2r
r2  2
of Polynomial r
If the degree is odd and the leading coefficient is positive, then
Functions No, this polynomial contains two No, this is not a polynomial because
f(x) →
 as x →

f(x) →  as x →  variables, u and v. 1


cannot be written in the form r n,
If the degree is odd and the leading coefficient is negative, then r2
Page A13

f(x) →  as x →
 where n is a nonnegative integer.

f(x) →
 as x → 
The maximum number of zeros of a polynomial function is equal to the degree of the polynomial. Find p(1) and p(2) for each function.
Real Zeros of
A zero of a function is a point at which the graph intersects the x-axis.
a Polynomial
On a graph, count the number of real zeros of the function by counting the number of times the 7. p(x)  4
3x 7; 2 8. p(x)  3x  x2 2; 10
Function
graph crosses or touches the x-axis.
9. p(x)  2x2
4x  1 7; 1 10. p(x) 
2x3  5x  3 0; 3

Example 1 2
Determine whether the graph represents an odd-degree 11. p(x)  x4  8x2
10 1; 38 12. p(x)  x2
x  2 3; 2
3 3
Answers

polynomial or an even-degree polynomial. Then state the number of real zeros.

f (x ) As x →
, f(x) →
 and as x → , f(x) → , If p(x)  4x2  3 and r(x)  1  3x, find each value.

A13
so it is an odd-degree polynomial function.
The graph intersects the x-axis at 1 point, 13. p(a) 4a2  3 14. r(2a) 1  6a
so the function has 1 real zero.
O x 15. 3r(a) 3  9a 16.
4p(a) 16a2  12

17. p(a2) 4a4  3 18. r(x  2) 7  3x

(Lesson 6-4)

For each graph,

a. describe the end behavior,
Exercises b. determine whether it represents an odd-degree or an even-degree polynomial
function, and
Determine whether each graph represents an odd-degree polynomial or an even-
c. state the number of real zeroes.
degree polynomial. Then state the number of real zeros.
19. f (x ) 20. f (x ) 21. f (x )
1. f (x ) 2. f (x ) 3. f (x )
Lesson 6-4

O O O
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

x x x
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

O x O x O x

even; 6 even; 1 double zero odd; 3 f(x) →  as x → , f(x) →  as x → , f(x) →  as x → ,
f(x) →  as x → ; f(x) →  as x → ; f(x) →  as x → ;
odd; 1 even; 4 odd; 3

Chapter 6 28 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 29 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
 A1-A33

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-4 Practice 6-4 Word Problem Practice

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Polynomial Functions Polynomial Functions

State the degree and leading coefficient of each polynomial in one variable. If it is 1. MANUFACTURING A metal sheet is 4. DRILLING A drill bit is shaped like a
not a polynomial in one variable, explain why. curved according to the shape of the cone and used to make conical
1 3 4 1 graph of f(x)  x4
9x2. What is the indentations in a piece of wood. The
1. (3x2  1)(2x2
9) 4; 6 2. a3
a2  a 3;


5 5 5 5 degree of this polynomial? volume of wood removed depends on the
2
5/16/06

3. 2  3m
12 Not a polynomial; 4. 27  3xy3
12x2y2
10y 4 depth of the indentation. If the depth is
m d millimeters, then the volume V of
2


cannot be written in the form No, this polynomial contains two 2. GRAPHS Kendra graphed the wood removed is V  πd3. The formula
m2 polynomial f(x) shown below. for the depth d of the indentation being
mn for a nonnegative integer n. variables, x and y.
created is d  t2, where t is the amount
y
of time that it takes to reach the depth.
Find p(2) and p(3) for each function.
2:19 PM

5. p(x)  x3
x5 6. p(x) 
7x2  5x  9 7. p(x) 
x5  4x3

24; 216 29; 39 0; 135
O x d
1 1 1 2
8. p(x)  3x3
x2  2x
5 9. p(x)  x4  x3
x 10. p(x)  x3  x2  3x
2 2 3 3
Page A14

37; 73 13; 93 6; 24 What is the volume of wood removed as

a function of time t?
If p(x)  3x2  4 and r(x)  2x2  5x  1, find each value. V 
t6
11. p(8a) 12. r(a2) 13.
5r(2a) From this graph, describe the end TRIANGLES For Exercises 5 and 6, use
Answers

192a2  4 2a4  5a2  1 40a2  50a  5 behavior, degree, and sign of the leading the following information.
coefficient.

A14
14. r(x  2) 15. p(x2
1) 16. 5[p(x  2)] f(x) →  as x →  and Dylan drew n dots on a piece of paper
2x2  3x  1 3x4  6x2  1 15x2  60x  40 f(x) →  as x → ; the making sure that no line contained 3 of the
degree is 3; the leading dots. The number of triangles that can be
For each graph, coefficient is negative made using the dots as vertices is equal to
a. describe the end behavior, 1
f(n)   (n3
3n2  2n).
b. determine whether it represents an odd-degree or an even-degree polynomial 3. PENTAGONAL NUMBERS The nth 6
function, and pentagonal number is given by the
(Lesson 6-4)

c. state the number of real zeroes. expression

17. f (x ) 18. f (x ) 19. f (x ) n(3n
1)
 .
2

What is the degree of this polynomial?

O
What is the seventh pentagonal
x O x O x
number?
2; 70
5. What is the degree of f ?
Lesson 6-4

3
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

f(x) →  as x → , f(x) →  as x → , f(x) →  as x → , 6. If Dylan drew 15 dots, how many
f(x) →  as x → ; f(x) →  as x → ; f(x) →  as x → ; triangles can be made?
even; 2 even; 1 odd; 5 455
20. WIND CHILL The function C(s)  0.013s2
s
7 estimates the wind chill temperature
C(s) at 0 F for wind speeds s from 5 to 30 miles per hour. Estimate the wind chill
temperature at 0 F if the wind speed is 20 miles per hour. about 22F

Chapter 6 30 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 31 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
 A1-A33
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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-4 Enrichment 6-5 Lesson Reading Guide

Chapter 6
Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions
5/16/06

Approximation by Means of Polynomials Get Ready for the Lesson

Many scientific experiments produce pairs of numbers [x, f (x)] that can Read the introduction to Lesson 6-5 in your textbook.
be related by a formula. If the pairs form a function, you can fit a Three points on the graph shown in your textbook are (0, 14), (70, 3.78), and (100, 9).
polynomial to the pairs in exactly one way. Consider the pairs given by Give the real-world meaning of the coordinates of these points. Sample answer:
2:19 PM

the following table. In 1900, 14% of the U. S. population was foreign born. In 1970, 3.78%
of the population was foreign born. In 2000, 9% of the population was
x 1 2 4 7
foreign born.
f (x) 6 11 39
54
Read the Lesson
We will assume the polynomial is of degree three. Substitute the given
Page A15

values into this expression. 1. Suppose that f(x) is a third-degree polynomial function and that c and d are real
numbers, with d c. Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (Remember that
f(x)  A  B(x
x0)  C(x
x0)(x
x1)  D(x
x0)(x
x1)(x
x2) true means always true.)
You will get the system of equations shown below. You can solve this system a. If f(c) 0 and f(d) 0, there is exactly one real zero between c and d. false
and use the values for A, B, C, and D to find the desired polynomial.
b. If f(c)  f(d)  0, there are no real zeros between c and d. false
6A
Answers

11  A  B(2
1)  A  B c. If f(c) 0 and f(d) 0, there is at least one real zero between c and d. true
39  A  B(4
1)  C(4
1)(4
2)  A  3B  6C

54  A  B(7
1)  C(7
1)(7
2)  D(7
1)(7
2)(7
4)  A  6B  30C  90D 2. Match each graph with its description.
a. third-degree polynomial with one relative maximum and one relative minimum;

A15
Solve. leading coefficient negative iii

1. Solve the system of equations for the values A, B, C, and D. b. fourth-degree polynomial with two relative minima and one relative maximum i
A  6, B  5, C  3, D  2 c. third-degree polynomial with one relative maximum and one relative minimum;
leading coefficient positive iv
2. Find the polynomial that represents the four ordered pairs. Write your d. fourth-degree polynomial with two relative maxima and one relative minimum ii
answer in the form y  a  bx  cx2  dx3.
y 2x 3  17x 2  32x  23 i. f (x ) ii. f (x ) iii. f (x ) iv. f (x )
(Lessons 6-4 and 6-5)

3. Find the polynomial that gives the following values.

O x O x O x O x
x 8 12 15 20
f (x)
207 169 976 3801

A  207, B  94, C  25, D  1; y  x3  10x2  10x  1

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. A scientist measured the volume f(x) of carbon dioxide gas that can be Remember What You Learned
absorbed by one cubic centimeter of charcoal at pressure x. Find the
values for A, B, C, and D. 3. The origins of words can help you to remember their meaning and to distinguish
between similar words. Look up maximum and minimum in a dictionary and describe
x 120 340 534 698 their origins (original language and meaning). Sample answer: Maximum comes
f (x) 3.1 5.5 7.1 8.3 from the Latin word maximus, meaning greatest. Minimum comes from
the Latin word minimus, meaning least.
Lesson 6-5

A  3.1, B  0.01091, C  0.00000643, D  0.0000000066

Chapter 6 32 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 33 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
 A1-A33

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-5 Study Guide and Intervention 6-5 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions

Graph Polynomial Functions Maximum and Minimum Points A quadratic function has either a maximum or a
minimum point on its graph. For higher degree polynomial functions, you can find turning
Suppose y  f(x) represents a polynomial function and a and b are two numbers such that points, which represent relative maximum or relative minimum points.
Location Principle
f(a) 0 and f(b) 0. Then the function has at least one real zero between a and b.
5/16/06

Example Graph f(x)  x3  6x2  3. Estimate the x-coordinates at which the

Example relative maxima and minima occur.
Determine the values of x between which each real zero of the
Make a table of values and graph the function.
function f(x)  2x4  x3  5 is located. Then draw the graph.
Make a table of values. Look at the values of f(x) to locate the zeros. Then use the points to x f(x) f (x ) A relative maximum occurs
sketch a graph of the function. 24 at x 
4 and a relative

5 22
2:19 PM

minimum occurs at x  0.
x f(x) f (x ) The changes in sign indicate that there are zeros
4 29 ← indicates a relative maximum 16
between x 
2 and x 
1 and between x  1 and

2 35
3 24 8
x  2.

1
2 O x
2 13 O
–4 –2 2 x
0
5
1 2 ← zero between x 
1, x  0
1
4 0
Page A16

3 ← indicates a relative minimum

2 19 1 4
2 29

Exercises
Answers

Exercises
Graph each function by making a table of values. Determine the values of x at

A16
which or between which each real zero is located. Graph each function by making a table of values. Estimate the x-coordinates at
which the relative maxima and minima occur.
1. f(x)  x3
2x2  1 2. f(x)  x4  2x3
5 3. f(x) 
x4  2x2
1
1. f(x)  x3
3x2 2. f(x)  2x3  x2
3x 3. f(x)  2x3
3x  2
f (x ) f (x ) f (x )
8 f (x ) f (x ) f (x )
O x O x
4

O O x
–8 –4 4 8x
(Lesson 6-5)

O x O x
–4

–8

between 0 and 1; between 2 and 3; at 1 max. at 0, min. at 2 max. about 1, max. about 1,
at 1; between 1 and 2 between 1 and 2 min. about 0.5 min. about 1
4. f(x)  x3
3x2  4 5. f(x)  3x3  2x
1 6. f(x)  x4
3x3  1 4. f(x)  x4
7x
3 5. f(x)  x5
2x2  2 6. f(x)  x3  2x2
3
f (x ) f (x ) f (x ) f (x ) f (x ) f (x )
8

4
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

O
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

x
O x
O x –8 –4 O 4 8x O x O x
–4

–8

between 0 and 1 between 0 and 1; min. about 1 max. at 0,

Lesson 6-5

at 1, 2 max. about 1,

between 2 and 3 min. about 1 min. at 0

Chapter 6 34 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 35 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
 A1-A33
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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-5 6-5 Practice

Chapter 6
Skills Practice
Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions
5/16/06

Complete each of the following. Complete each of the following.

a. Graph each function by making a table of values. a. Graph each function by making a table of values.
b. Determine consecutive values of x between which each real zero is located. b. Determine consecutive values of x between which each real zero is located.
c. Estimate the x-coordinates at which the relative maxima and minima occur. c. Estimate the x-coordinates at which the relative and relative minima occur.
2:19 PM

1. f(x)  x3
3x2  1 2. f(x)  x3
3x  1 1. f(x) 
x3  3x2
3 2. f(x)  x3
1.5x2
6x  1

x f(x) f (x ) x f(x) f (x ) x f(x) f (x ) x f(x) f (x )
8

2 19
3 17
2 17
2 1 4

1 3
2 1
1 1
1 4.5
O x O x O x –4 –2 O 2 4x
0 1
1 3 0 3 0 1
–4
Page A17

1 1 0 1 1 1 1 5.5
2 3 1 1 2 1 2 9 –8

3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3.5
4 17 3 19 4
zeros between 1
19 4 17 zeros between 2
and 0, 1 and 2, and 1, 0 and 1,
zeros between 1 and 0, 0 and 1, zeros between 2 and 1, 0 and 1, and 2 and 3; rel. max. at x  2, and 3 and 4; rel. max. at x  1,
and 2 and 3; rel. max. at x  0, and 1 and 2; rel. max. at x  1, rel. min. at x  0 rel. min. at x  2
rel. min. at x  2 rel. min. at x  1
3. f(x)  0.75x4  x3
3x2  4 4. f(x)  x4  4x3  6x2  4x
3
3. f(x)  2x3  9x2 12x  2 4. f(x)  2x3
3x2  2 f (x ) f (x )
x f(x) x f(x)
Answers

x f(x) f (x ) x f(x) f (x )
3 10.75 3 12

A17

3 7
1 3 2 4 2 3

2 2 0 2 O x O x
O O
1 0.75 1 4

1 3 x 1 1 x
0 4 0 3
0 2 2 6 1 2.75 1 12
1 25 3 29 2 12 2 77
zero between 1 and 0; zero between 1 and 0;
(Lesson 6-5)

rel. max. at x  2, rel. min. at x  1, rel. max. at x  0 zeros between 3 and 2, and zeros between 3 and 2,
rel. min. at x  1 2 and 1; rel. max. at x  0, and 0 and 1; rel. min. at x  1
rel. min. at x  2 and x  1
5. f(x)  x4
2x2
2 6. f(x)  0.5x4
4x2  4
x f(x) f (x ) x f(x) f (x ) PRICES For Exercises 5 and 6, use the following information.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) gives the relative price

3 61
3 8.5 179
for a fixed set of goods and services. The CPI from 178

2 6
2 4 September, 2000 to July, 2001 is shown in the graph. 177
O x O x Source: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 176

1 3
1 0.5
175
0 2 0 4 5. Describe the turning points of the graph. 174
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

rel max. in Nov. and June; rel. min in Dec. 173

1 3 1 0.5
Consumer Price Index

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2 6 2 4 6. If the graph were modeled by a polynomial equation, Months Since September, 2000
3 61 3 8.5 what is the least degree the equation could have? 4

zeros between 2 and 1, and zeros between 1 and 2, 2 and 7. LABOR A town’s jobless rate can be modeled by (1, 3.3), (2, 4.9), (3, 5.3), (4, 6.4), (5, 4.5),
1 and 2; rel. max. at x  0, 3, 1 and 2, and 2 and 3; rel. max. at (6, 5.6), (7, 2.5), (8, 2.7). How many turning points would the graph of a polynomial
Lesson 6-5

rel. min. at x  1 and x  1 x  0, rel. min. at x  2 and x  2 function through these points have? Describe them. 4: 2 rel. max. and 2 rel. min.

Chapter 6 36 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 37 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
 A1-A33

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-5 6-5 Enrichment

Chapter 6
Word Problem Practice
A2-06-873976

Analyze Graphs of Polynomial Functions

1. LANDSCAPES Jalen uses a fourth- 3. VALUE A banker models the expected Golden Rectangles
degree polynomial to describe the shape value of a company in millions of dollars
of two hills in the background of a video by the formula n3
3n2, where n is the Use a straightedge, a compass, and the instructions below to construct
game that he is helping to write. The number of years in business. Sketch a a golden rectangle.
5/16/06

graph of the polynomial is shown below. graph of v  n3
3n2.

1. Construct square ABCD with sides of
D
y y 2 centimeters. Q C

2. Construct the midpoint of A

B
. Call the
midpoint M.
2:19 PM

O x
O x P B
A M
3. Using M as the center, set your compass
opening at MC. Construct an arc with
center M that intersects A
B
. Call the point
of intersection P.
CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS For Exercises
Page A18

Estimate the x-coordinates at which the 4 and 5, use the following information. 4. Construct a line through P that is
relative maxima and relative minima Ms. Sanchez asks her students to write AB
perpendicular to  .
occur. expressions to represent five consecutive
The relative maxima occur at integers. One solution is x
2, x
1, x, 5. Extend D
C so that it intersects the
x  3 and x  4.5, and the
Answers

x  1, and x  2. The product of these five perpendicular. Call the intersection point Q.
relative minimum occurs at consecutive integers is given by the fifth APQD is a golden rectangle. Check this

A18
x  0. degree polynomial f(x)  x5
5x3  4x. QP
conclusion by finding the value of . 0.62
AP
2. CANYONS The graph shows the cross 4. For what values of x is f(x)  0?
section of an underwater canyon. 2, 1, 0, 1, and 2
y 5. Sketch the graph of y  f(x). A figure consisting of similar golden rectangles is shown below. Use a
compass and the instructions below to draw quarter-circle arcs that
y form a spiral like that found in the shell of a chambered nautilus.
(Lesson 6-5)

6. Using A as a center, draw C

an arc that passes through
B and C.
O x

O x 7. Using D as a center, draw

an arc that passes through
If you were to model this graph by a C and E.
polynomial, what is the smallest degree
that the equation could have? L F
8. Using F as a center, draw D E
6
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

an arc that passes through M

J H
E and G. K

9. Continue drawing arcs,

B
using H, K, and M as A G
the centers.
Lesson 6-5

Chapter 6 38 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 39 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-6 Lesson Reading Guide 6-6 Study Guide and Intervention

Chapter 6
Solving Polynomial Equations Solving Polynomial Equations
5/16/06

Get Ready for the Lesson Factor Polynomials

Read the introduction to Lesson 6-6 in your textbook. For any number of terms, check for:
If a trinomial that represents the volume of a box is factored into three binomials, greatest common factor
what might the three binomials represent? the length, width and height of For two terms, check for:
2:19 PM

Lesson 6-6

the box Difference of two squares

a 2
b 2  (a  b)(a
b)
Sum of two cubes
Read the Lesson a 3  b 3  (a  b)(a 2
ab  b 2)
Difference of two cubes
1. Name three types of binomials that it is always possible to factor. difference of two a 3
b 3  (a
b)(a 2  ab  b 2)
squares, sum of two cubes, difference of two cubes Techniques for
Page A19

Factoring Polynomials For three terms, check for:

Perfect square trinomials
a 2  2ab  b 2  (a  b)2
2. Name a type of trinomial that it is always possible to factor. perfect square a 2
2ab  b 2  (a
b)2
trinomial General trinomials
acx 2  (ad  bc)x  bd  (ax  b)(cx  d)
For four terms, check for:
3. Complete: Since x2  y2 cannot be factored, it is an example of a prime Grouping
polynomial. ax  bx  ay  by  x(a  b)  y(a  b)
 (a  b)(x  y)
4. On an algebra quiz, Marlene needed to factor 2x2
4x
70. She wrote the following
Answers

answer: (x  5)(2x
14). When she got her quiz back, Marlene found that she did not

A19
get full credit for her answer. She thought she should have gotten full credit because she Example Factor 24x2  42x  45.
checked her work by multiplication and showed that (x  5)(2x
14)  2x2
4x
70.
First factor out the GCF to get 24x2
42x
45  3(8x2
14x
15). To find the coefficients
a. If you were Marlene’s teacher, how would you explain to her that her answer was not of the x terms, you must find two numbers whose product is 8  (
15) 
120 and whose
entirely correct? Sample answer: When you are asked to factor a sum is
14. The two coefficients must be
20 and 6. Rewrite the expression using
20x
polynomial, you must factor it completely. The factorization was not and 6x and factor by grouping.
complete, because 2x  14 can be factored further as 2(x  7). 8x2
14x
15  8x2
20x  6x
15 Group to find a GCF.
 4x(2x
5)  3(2x
5) Factor the GCF of each binomial.
(Lesson 6-6)

b. What advice could Marlene’s teacher give her to avoid making the same kind of error  (4x  3)(2x
5) Distributive Property
in factoring in the future? Sample answer: Always look for a common Thus, 24x2
42x
45  3(4x  3)(2x
5).
factor first. If there is a common factor, factor it out first, and then see
if you can factor further.
Exercises

Factor completely. If the polynomial is not factorable, write prime.

Remember What You Learned
1. 14x2y2  42xy3 2. 6mn  18m
n
3 3. 2x2  18x  16
5. Some students have trouble remembering the correct signs in the formulas for the sum
and difference of two cubes. What is an easy way to remember the correct signs? 14xy 2(x  3y) (6m  1)(n  3) 2(x  8)(x  1)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Sample answer: In the binomial factor, the operation sign is the same as
in the expression that is being factored. In the trinomial factor, the 4. x4
1 5. 35x3y4
60x4y 6. 2r3  250
operation sign before the middle term is the opposite of the sign in the (x 2  1)(x  1)(x  1) 5x 3y(7y 3  12x) 2(r  5)(r 2  5r  25)
expression that is being factored. The sign before the last term is always
a plus. 7. 100m8
9 8. x2  x  1 9. c4  c3
c2
c
(10m 4  3)(10m 4  3) prime c(c  1)2 (c  1)

Chapter 6 40 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 41 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
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6-6 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 6-6 Skills Practice

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Solving Polynomial Equations Solving Polynomial Equations

Solve Equations Using Quadratic Form If a polynomial expression can be written Factor completely. If the polynomial is not factorable, write prime.
in quadratic form, then you can use what you know about solving quadratic equations to
solve the related polynomial equation. 1. 7x2
14x 2. 19x3
38x2
7x(x  2) 19x 2(x  2)
5/16/06

Example 1 Solve x 4  40x 2  144  0.

Lesson 6-6

x4
40x2  144  0 Original equation 3. 21x3
18x2y  24xy2 4. 8j 3k
4jk3
7

(x2)2
40(x2)  144  0 Write the expression on the left in quadratic form. 3x(7x2  6xy  8y 2) prime
(x2
4)(x2
36)  0 Factor.
x2
4  0 or x2
36  0 Zero Product Property
2:19 PM

5. a2  7a
18 6. 2ak
6a  k
3
(x
2)(x  2)  0 or (x
6)(x  6)  0 Factor.
(a  9)(a  2) (2a  1)(k  3)
x
2  0 or x  2  0 or x
6  0 or x  6  0 Zero Product Property
x  2 or x 
2 or x  6 or x 
6 Simplify.
7. b2  8b  7 8. z2
8z
10
The solutions are 2 and 6.
(b  7)(b  1) prime
Page A20

Example 2 Solve 2x 
x   15  0.
2x  x
15  0 Original equation
9. 4f 2
64 10. d 2
12d  36
2(x)2  x
15  0 Write the expression on the left in quadratic form.
4(f  4)(f  4) (d  6)2
(2x
5)(x  3)  0 Factor.
Answers

2x
5  0 or x  3  0 Zero Product Property 11. 9x2  25 12. y2  18y  81

5

A20
x   or x 
3 Simplify. prime (y  9)2
2
Since the principal square root of a number cannot be negative, x 
3 has no solution.
25 1 13. n3
125 14. m4
1
The solution is  or 6  .
4 4 (n  5)(n 2  5n  25) (m 2  1)(m  1)(m  1)

Exercises Write each expression in quadratic form, if possible.

(Lesson 6-6)

Solve each equation. 15. 5x4  2x2
8 5(x 2)2  2(x 2)  8 16. 3y8
4y2  3 not possible

1. x4  49 2. x4
6x2 
8 3. x4
3x2  54

7
, i
7
 2,
2
 3, i
6
 17 100a6  a3 100(a3)2  a3 18. x8  4x4  9 (x 4)2  4(x 4)  9

4. 3t6
48t2  0 5. m6
16m3  64  0 6. y4
5y2  4  0

19. 12x4
7x2 12(x 2)2  7(x 2) 20. 6b5  3b3
1 not possible
0, 2, 2i 2, 1 i
3
 1, 2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1 7
7. x4
29x2  100  0 8. 4x4
73x2  144  0 9. 2
  12  0 Solve each equation.
x x
3 1 1 21. a3
9a2  14a  0 0, 7, 2 22. x3  3x2 0, 3
5, 2 4,

,

2 3 4
2 1
 
10. x
5x  6  0 11. x
10x  21  0 12. x 3
5x 3  6  0 23. t4
3t3
40t2  0 0, 5, 8 24. b3
8b2  16b  0 0, 4
4, 9 9, 49 27, 8

Chapter 6 42 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 43 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-6 Practice 6-6

Chapter 6
Word Problem Practice
Solving Polynomial Equations Solving Polynomial Equations
5/16/06

Factor completely. If the polynomial is not factorable, write prime. 1. CODES Marisa has been trying to 4. ROBOTS A robot explorer’s distance
discover the secret code for a lock. After from its starting location is given by the
1. 15a2b
10ab2 2. 3st2
9s3t  6s2t2 3. 3x3y2
2x2y  5xy a long investigation, she discovers that polynomial t 5
29t3  100t, where t is
5ab(3a  2b) 3st(t  3s 2  2st) xy(3x 2y  2x  5) the numbers in the secret code are time measured in hours.
solutions of the polynomial equation
2:19 PM

Lesson 6-6

4. 2x3y
x2y  5xy2  xy3 5. 21
7t  3r
rt 6. x2
xy  2x
2y x4
68x3  1557x2
13770x  37800  Factor this polynomial.
xy(2x 2  x  5y  y 2) (7  r)(3  t) (x  2)(x  y) 0. After more work, Marisa found that t(t  2)(t  5)(t  2)(t  5)
x4
68x3  1557x2
13770x  37800 
7. y2  20y  96 8. 4ab  2a  6b  3 9. 6n2
11n
2 (x
5)(x
12)(x
21)(x
30). What
(y  8)(y  12) (2a  3)(2b  1) (6n  1)(n  2) are the numbers in the secret code?
5, 12, 21, and 30
Page A21

10. 6x2  7x
3 11. x2
8x
8 12. 6p2
17p
45 PACKAGING For Exercises 5-8, use the
following information.
(3x  1)(2x  3) prime (2p  9)(3p  5)
A small box is placed inside a larger box.
Write each expression in quadratic form, if possible. 2. OUTPUT Eduardo is a mechanical The dimensions of the small box are x  1
engineer. For one of his projects, he had by x  2 by x
1. The dimensions of the
13. 10b4  3b2
11 14.
5x8  x2  6 15. 28d6  25d3 to solve the polynomial equation larger box are 2x by x  4 by x  2.

10(b 2)2  3(b 2)  11 not possible 28(d3)2  25(d3) m6  5m3
10  0.

x+1
16. 4s8  4s4 7 17. 500x4
x2 18. 8b5
8b3
1
Answers

Write the polynomial m6  5m3
10 in x+2

x
1
quadratic form.
not possible

A21
4(s4)2  4(s4)  7 500(x2)2  x2 (m 3)2  5(m 3)  10 x+2
x+4
2x

Solve each equation. 5. Write an expression for the volume of

the space inside the larger box but
19. y4
7y3
18y2  0 2, 0, 9 20. s5  4s4
32s3  0 8, 0, 4 3. VOLUME Jacob builds a wooden box. outside the smaller box.
The box is x inches high. The width is x 3  10x 2  17x  2
3 inches more than the height, and the
(Lesson 6-6)

21. m4
625  0 5, 5, 5i, 5i 22. n4
49n2  0 0, 7, 7

length is 2 inches less than the height.
The volume of the box is 3 times the
6. If the volume of the space inside the
23. x4
50x2  49  0 1, 1, 7, 7 24. t4
21t2  80  0 4, 4,
5
, 
5
 width.
larger box but outside the smaller box
is equal to 33x + 162 cubic units, what
25. PHYSICS A proton in a magnetic field follows a path on a coordinate grid modeled by is x?
the function f(x)  x4
2x2
15. What are the x-coordinates of the points on the grid x 4
where the proton crosses the x-axis? 
5 ,
5 
x+3 x
2
26. SURVEYING Vista county is setting aside a large parcel of land to preserve it as open 7. What is the volume of the smaller box?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

space. The county has hired Meghan’s surveying firm to survey the parcel, which is in What is x? 90 units3
the shape of a right triangle. The longer leg of the triangle measures 5 miles less than 3
the square of the shorter leg, and the hypotenuse of the triangle measures 13 miles less
than twice the square of the shorter leg. The length of each boundary is a whole number. 8. What is the volume of the larger box?
Find the length of each boundary. 3 mi, 4 mi, 5 mi 384 units3

Chapter 6 44 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 45 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-6 Enrichment 6-7 Lesson Reading Guide

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

The Remainder and Factor Theorems

History of Quadratic Equations Get Ready for the Lesson
The ancient Babylonians are believed to be the first to solve quadratic equations, Read the introduction to Lesson 6-7 in your textbook.
around 400 B.C. Euclid, who devised a geometrical approach in 300 B.C., followed Show how you would use the model in the introduction to estimate the number of
them. Around 598–665 A.D., a Hindu mathematician named Brahmagupta created
5/16/06

international travelers (in millions) to the United States in the year 2000. (Show how you
an almost modern method for solving equations. Finally, around 800 A.D., an Arab would substitute numbers, but do not actually calculate the result.)
mathematician named al-Khwarizmi created a classification of quadratic equations. Sample answer: 0.02(14)3  0.6(14)2  6(14)  25.9
He classified them into six different categories and devoted a chapter to each type.
His equations are made up of three different types of expressions: roots (x),
squares of roots (x2) and numbers.
2:19 PM

For example, his first classification was squares equal to roots. A sample of this type Read the Lesson
of equations is: x2  2x. 1. Consider the following synthetic division.
Now solve this quadratic equation. 1 3 2
6 4
Lesson 6-7

x2  2x 3 5
1
3 5
1 3
x2
2x  0 Subtract 2x from each side.
Page A22

x(x
2)  0 Factor. a. Using the division symbol , write the division problem that is represented by this
Answers

synthetic division. (Do not include the answer.) (3x3  2x2  6x  4)  (x  1)

x  0 or x
2  0 Set both factors equal to 0.
b. Identify each of the following for this division.
So, x  0 or 2 Solve.

dividend 3x3  2x2  6x  4 divisor x1

A22
Write and solve a sample problem for the remaining 5 classifications of quotient 3x3  5x  1 remainder 3
quadratic equations, according to al-Khwarizmi.
c. If f(x)  3x3  2x2
6x  4, what is f(1)? 3
1. Squares equal to numbers.
Sample Answer: x 2  25; x  5 and 5 2. Consider the following synthetic division.

3 1 0 0 27

3 9
27
2. Roots equal to numbers. 1
3 9 0
Sample Answer: 2x  20; x  10
a. This division shows that x3 is a factor of x3  27 .
(Lessons 6-6 and 6-7)

3. Squares and roots equal to numbers. b. The division shows that 3 is a zero of the polynomial function
Sample Answer: x 2  10x  39; x  13 and x  3 f(x)  x3  27 .
c. The division shows that the point (3, 0) is on the graph of the polynomial
4. Squares and numbers equal to roots.
function f(x)  x3  27 .
Sample Answer: x2  21  10x ; x  3 and x  7
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

5. Roots and numbers equal to squares.

Remember What You Learned
Sample Answer: 3x  4  x 2; x  1 and x  4 3. Think of a mnemonic for remembering the sentence, “Dividend equals quotient times
divisor plus remainder.”
Sample answer: Definitely every quiet teacher deserves proper rewards.

Chapter 6 46 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 47 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-7 Study Guide and Intervention 6-7 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Chapter 6
The Remainder and Factor Theorems The Remainder and Factor Theorems
5/16/06

Synthetic Substitution Factors of Polynomials The Factor Theorem can help you find all the factors of a
polynomial.
Remainder The remainder, when you divide the polynomial f(x ) by (x
a), is the constant f(a).
Theorem f(x)  q(x)  (x
a)  f(a), where q(x) is a polynomial with degree one less than the degree of f(x). Factor Theorem The binomial x
a is a factor of the polynomial f(x) if and only if f(a)  0.
2:19 PM

Example 1 If f(x)  3x4  2x3  5x2  x  2, find f(2). Example Show that x  5 is a factor of x 3  2x 2  13x  10. Then find the
Method 1 Synthetic Substitution Method 2 Direct Substitution remaining factors of the polynomial.
By the Remainder Theorem, f(
2) should Replace x with
2. By the Factor Theorem, the binomial x  5 is a factor of the polynomial if
5 is a zero of the
be the remainder when you divide the f(x)  3x4  2x3
5x2  x
2 polynomial function. To check this, use synthetic substitution.
polynomial by x  2.
f(
2)  3(
2)4  2(
2)3
5(
2)2  (
2)
2
5 1 2
13 10
Page A23

2 3 2
5 1
2  48
16
20
2
2 or 8
5 15
10

6 8
6 10
So f(
2)  8. 1
3 2 0
8
Lesson 6-7

3
4 3
5
The remainder is 8, so f(
2)  8. Since the remainder is 0, x  5 is a factor of the polynomial. The polynomial
x3  2x2
13x  10 can be factored as (x  5)(x2
3x  2). The depressed polynomial
Example 2 x2
3x  2 can be factored as (x
2)(x
1).
If f(x)  5x3  2x  1, find f(3).
So x3  2x2
13x  10  (x  5)(x
2)(x
1).
Again, by the Remainder Theorem, f(3) should be the remainder when you divide the
polynomial by x
3.
3 5 0 2
1 Exercises
Answers

15 45 141
Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining factors of the

A23
5 15 47 140
polynomial. Some factors may not be binomials.
The remainder is 140, so f(3)  140.
1. x3  x2
10x  8; x
2 2. x3
4x2
11x  30; x  3
(x  4)(x  1) (x  5)(x  2)
Exercises

Use synthetic substitution to find f(5) and f
for each function.

 12  3. x3  15x2  71x  105; x  7 4. x3
7x2
26x  72; x  4
(Lesson 6-7)

3 (x  3)(x  5) (x  2)(x  9)
1. f(x) 
3x2  5x
1 101;
2. f(x)  4x2  6x
7 63; 3
4
35 29
3. f(x) 
x3  3x2
5 195; 
4. f(x)  x4  11x2
1 899;
5. 2x3
x2
7x  6; x
1 6. 3x3
x2
62x
40; x  4
8 16
(2x  3)(x  2) (3x  2)(x  5)
Use synthetic substitution to find f(4) and f(3) for each function.
5. f(x)  2x3  x2
5x  3 6. f(x)  3x3
4x  2 7. 12x3
71x2  57x
10; x
5 8. 14x3  x2
24x  9; x
1
127; 27 178; 67 (4x  1)(3x  2) (7x  3)(2x  3)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

7. f(x)  5x3
4x2 2 8. f(x)  2x4
4x3  3x2 x
6

258; 169 302; 288 9. x3  x  10; x  2 10. 2x3
11x2  19x
28; x
4
9. f(x)  5x4  3x3
4x2
2x  4 10. f(x)  3x4
2x3
x2  2x
5 (x 2  2x  5) (2x 2  3x  7)
1404; 298 627; 277
11. f(x)  2x4
4x3
x2
6x  3 12. f(x)  4x4
4x3  3x2
2x
3 11. 3x3
13x2
34x  24; x
6 12. x4  x3
11x2
9x  18; x
1
219; 282 805; 462 (3x 2  5x  4) (x  2)(x  3)(x  3)

Chapter 6 48 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 49 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
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6-7 Skills Practice 6-7 Practice

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

The Remainder and Factor Theorems The Remainder and Factor Theorems
Use synthetic substitution to find f(2) and f(1) for each function. Use synthetic substitution to find f(3) and f(4) for each function.
1. f(x)  x2  6x  5 21, 0 2. f(x)  x2
x  1 3, 3 1. f(x)  x2  2x  3 6, 27 2. f(x)  x2
5x  10 34, 6

3. f(x)  x2
5x
4 20, 8 4. f(x)  x3
x2
2x  3 27, 43

5/16/06

3. f(x)  x2
2x
2 2, 1 4. f(x)  x3  2x2  5 21, 6

5. f(x)  x3  2x2  5 4, 101 6. f(x)  x3
6x2  2x 87, 24
5. f(x)  x3
x2
2x  3 3, 3 6. f(x)  x3  6x2  x
4 30, 0 7. f(x)  x3
2x2
2x  8 31, 32 8. f(x)  x3
x2  4x
4 52, 60

9. f(x)  x3  3x2  2x
50 56, 70 10. f(x)  x4  x3
3x2
x  12 42, 280

2:19 PM

7. f(x)  x3
3x2  x
2 4, 7 8. f(x)  x3
5x2
x  6 8, 1

11. f(x)  x4
2x2
x  7 73, 227 12. f(x)  2x4
3x3  4x2
2x  1 286, 377
9. f(x)  x4  2x2
9 15, 6 10. f(x)  x4
3x3  2x2
2x  6 2, 14
13. f(x)  2x4
x3  2x2
26 181, 454 14. f(x)  3x4
4x3  3x2
5x
3 390, 537
Lesson 6-7

11. f(x)  x5
7x3
4x  10 12. f(x)  x6
2x5  x4  x3
9x2
20 15. f(x)  x5  7x3
4x
10 16. f(x)  x6  2x5
x4  x3
9x2  20
Page A24

22, 20 32, 26 430, 1446 74, 5828

Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining factors of the
polynomial. Some factors may not be binomials.
Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining factors of the
Answers

17. x3  3x2
6x
8; x
2 18. x3  7x2  7x
15; x
1

polynomial. Some factors may not be binomials.
x  1, x  4 x  3, x  5

A24
13. x3  2x2
x
2; x  1 14. x3  x2
5x  3; x
1
19. x3
9x2  27x
27; x
3 20. x3
x2
8x  12; x  3
x  1, x  2 x  1, x  3
x  3, x  3 x  2, x  2

15. x3  3x2
4x
12; x  3 16. x3
6x2  11x
6; x
3 21. x3  5x2
2x
24; x
2 22. x3
x2
14x  24; x  4
x  2, x  2 x  1, x  2 x  3, x  4 x  3, x  2
(Lesson 6-7)

23. 3x3
4x2
17x  6; x  2 24. 4x3
12x2
x  3; x
3

17. x3  2x2
33x
90; x  5 18. x3
6x2  32; x
4
x  3, 3x  1 2x  1, 2x  1
x  3, x  6 x  4, x  2
25. 18x3  9x2
2x
1; 2x  1 26. 6x3  5x2
3x
2; 3x
2

19. x3
x2
10x
8; x  2 20. x3
19x  30; x
2 3x  1, 3x  1 2x  1, x  1

x  1, x  4 x  5, x  3 27. x5  x4
5x3
5x2  4x  4; x  1 28. x5
2x4  4x3
8x2
5x  10; x
2
x  1, x  1, x  2, x  2 x  1, x  1, x2  5
21. 2x3  x2
2x
1; x  1 22. 2x3  x2
5x  2; x  2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

29. POPULATION The projected population in thousands for a city over the next several
2x  1, x  1 x  1, 2x  1 years can be estimated by the function P(x)  x3  2x2
8x  520, where x is the
number of years since 2005. Use synthetic substitution to estimate the population
23. 3x3  4x2
5x
2; 3x  1 24. 3x3  x2  x
2; 3x
2 for 2010. 655,000

x  1, x  2 x2  x  1 30. VOLUME The volume of water in a rectangular swimming pool can be modeled by the
polynomial 2x3
9x2  7x  6. If the depth of the pool is given by the polynomial
2x  1, what polynomials express the length and width of the pool? x  3 and x  2

Chapter 6 50 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 51 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-7 Word Problem Practice 6-7 Enrichment

Chapter 6
The Remainder and Factor Theorems
5/16/06

1. HEIGHT A ball tossed into the air 4. EXPONENTIALS The exponential Radical Notation
follows a parabolic trajectory. Its height function t  ex is a special function that
after t seconds is given by a polynomial you will learn about later. It is not a In 1494, the first Edition of Summa de arithmetica geometrica proprtioni et
of degree two with leading coefficient polynomial function. However, for small proportionalita, now known as the Suma, was printed in Italy. The author, Luca Pacioli,

16. Using synthetic substitution, values of x, the value of ex is very closely wrote the book as a summary of the mathematical knowledge at the time. However,
2:19 PM

Norman found that the polynomial approximated by the polynomial the notation used in the book is quite similar to the notation used today. For example,
evaluates to 0 for the values t  0 and function to represent radicals, the following was used:
t  4. What is the polynomial that 6 . p . R . 10
1 1
describes the ball’s height as a function e(x)   x3   x2  x  1.
6 2 In our notation, the p represents “plus” and the R represents “radical.” So, 6 . p . R . 10
of t?
means 6  10 .
16t 2  64t Use synthetic substitution to determine
Page A25

e(0.1). Show your work.

1. What letter would you expect to represent subtraction?
2. SYNTHETIC SUBSTITUTION
Branford evaluates the polynomial 0.1 1/6 1/2 1 1 m
Lesson 6-7

p(x)  x3
5x2  3x  5 for a factor 1/60 31/600 631/6000

using synthetic substitution. Some of his 2. Translate the following notations into modern notation.
1/6 31/60 631/600 6631/6000
work is shown below. Unfortunately, the
factor and the solution have ink spots 631 a. 18 . m . R . 90
1
over it. 6000 18  90

1
5 3 5 b. 108 . m . R . 3240 . p . R . 3240 . m . R . 900
Answers

11 66 759 VOLUME For Exercises 5-7, use the 108  3240

  3240
  900

1 6 69 following information.

A25
c. 10 . R . 5 . p . 2 . R . 3
What is the factor he solved for? What is The Jackson family just had a pool installed 105
  23

the hidden solution? in their backyard. The volume of the pool is
11; 764 given by the polynomial
3. Translate the following into notations from 1494.
3. PROFIT The profits of Clyde’s v(x)  x3  10x2  31x  30. a. 3210

Corporation can be modeled by the 32 . R . 10
(Lesson 6-7)

polynomial 5. Use synthetic division to show that x  2

P(y)  y4
4y3  2y2  10y
200, is a factor of v(x). Show your work. b. 216
  33

where y is the number of years after the 21 . R . 6 . p . 3 . R . 3
business was started. The chief financial 2 1 10 31 30
officer wants to know the value of P(10). c. 52

2  711

2 16 30
Use synthetic substitution to determine 5 . R . 2 . m . 2 . p . 7 . R . 11
1 8 15 0
P(10). Show your work.
Because v(2)  0, x  2 divides
10 14 2 10 200 v(x).
10 60 620 6300
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1 6 62 630 6100 6. Factor v(x) completely.

v(x)  (x  2)(x  3)(x  5)
P(10)  6100
7. Determine v(18) using any method you
wish.
v(18)  9660

Chapter 6 52 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 53 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-8 Lesson Reading Guide 6-8 Study Guide and Intervention

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Roots and Zeros Roots and Zeros

Get Ready for the Lesson Types of Roots The following statements are equivalent for any polynomial function f(x).
Read the introduction to Lesson 6-8 in your textbook. • c is a zero of the polynomial function f(x).
• (x
c) is a factor of the polynomial f(x).
Using the model given in the introduction, write a polynomial equation with 0 on • c is a root or solution of the polynomial equation f(x)  0.
5/16/06

one side that can be solved to find the time or times at which there is 100 milligrams
If c is real, then (c, 0) is an intercept of the graph of f(x).
of medication in a patient’s bloodstream. 0.5t 4  3.5t 3  100t 2  350t  100  0
Fundamental Every polynomial equation with degree greater than zero has at least one root in the set
Read the Lesson Theorem of Algebra of complex numbers.
Corollary to the A polynomial equation of the form P (x)  0 of degree n with complex coefficients has
1. Indicate whether each statement is true or false.
Fundamental exactly n roots in the set of complex numbers.
2:19 PM

a. Every polynomial equation of degree greater than one has at least one root in the set Theorem of Algebras
of real numbers. false If P(x) is a polynomial with real coefficients whose terms are arranged in descending
b. If c is a root of the polynomial equation f(x)  0, then (x
c) is a factor of the powers of the variable,
• the number of positive real zeros of y  P (x) is the same as the number of changes in
polynomial f(x). true Descartes’ Rule
sign of the coefficients of the terms, or is less than this by an even number, and
of Signs
c. If (x  c) is a factor of the polynomial f(x), then c is a zero of the polynomial • the number of negative real zeros of y  P(x) is the same as the number of changes in
Page A26

function f. false sign of the coefficients of the terms of P(
x), or is less than this number by an even
number.
d. A polynomial function f of degree n has exactly (n
1) complex zeros. false

2. Let f(x)  x6
2x5  3x4
4x3  5x2  6x
7. Example 1 Solve the Example 2 State the number of positive
Answers

equation 6x3  3x  0 and state real zeros, negative real zeros, and imaginary
a. What are the possible numbers of positive real zeros of f ? 5, 3, or 1
Lesson 6-8

the number and type of roots. zeros for p(x)  4x4  3x3  x2  2x  5.

A26
b. Write f(
x) in simplified form (with no parentheses). 6x3  3x  0 Since p(x) has degree 4, it has 4 zeros.
x 6  2x 5  3x 4  4x 3  5x 2  6x  7 3x(2x2  1)  0 Since there are three sign changes, there are 3 or 1
What are the possible numbers of negative real zeros of f ? 1 Use the Zero Product Property. positive real zeros.
3x  0 or 2x2  1  0 Find p(
x) and count the number of changes in
c. Complete the following chart to show the possible combinations of positive real zeros, sign for its coefficients.
negative real zeros, and imaginary zeros of the polynomial function f. x  0 or 2x2 
1
i2 p(
x)  4(
x)4
3(
x)3  (
x)2  2(
x)
5
x  
Number of Number of Number of Total Number 2
(Lesson 6-8)

 4x4  3x3  x2
2x
5
Positive Real Zeros Negative Real Zeros Imaginary Zeros of Zeros Since there is one sign change, there is exactly 1
The equation has one real root, 0,
negative real zero.
5 1 0 6 i2
and two imaginary roots,   . Thus, there are 3 positive and 1 negative real
2
3 1 2 6 zero or 1 positive and 1 negative real zero and
2 imaginary zeros.
1 1 4 6
Exercises

Remember What You Learned Solve each equation and state the number and type of roots.

3. It is easier to remember mathematical concepts and results if you relate them to each 1. x2  4x
21 0 2. 2x3
50x  0 3. 12x3  100x  0
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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

other. How can the Complex Conjugates Theorem help you remember the part of 5i
3
3, 7; 2 real 0, 5; 3 real 0,
; 1 real, 2 imaginary
Descartes’ Rule of Signs that says, “or is less than this number by an even number.” 3
Sample answer: For a polynomial function in which the polynomial has State the number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, and imaginary zeros
real coefficients, imaginary zeros come in conjugate pairs. Therefore, there for each function.
must be an even number of imaginary zeros. For each pair of imaginary
zeros, the number of positive or negative zeros decreases by 2. 4. f(x)  3x3  x2
8x
12 5. f(x)  3x5
x4
x3  6x2
5
1; 2 or 0; 0 or 2 3 or 1; 2 or 0; 0, 2, or 4

Chapter 6 54 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 55 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-8 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 6-8 Skills Practice

Chapter 6
Roots and Zeros Roots and Zeros
5/16/06

Find Zeros Solve each equation. State the number and type of roots.

Complex Conjugate Suppose a and b are real numbers with b  0. If a  bi is a zero of a polynomial 1. 5x  12  0 2. x2
4x  40  0
Theorem function with real coefficients, then a
bi is also a zero of the function. 12


; 1 real 2 6i; 2 imaginary
5
2:19 PM

Example 3. x5  4x3 0 4. x4  625  0

Find all of the zeros of f(x)  x4  15x2  38x  60.
Since f(x) has degree 4, the function has 4 zeros. 0, 0, 0, 2i, 2i; 3 real, 2 imaginary 5i, 5i, 5i, 5i; 4 imaginary
f(x)  x4
15x2  38x
60 f(
x)  x4
15x2
38x
60
5. 4x2
4x
1  0 6. x5
81x  0
Since there are 3 sign changes for the coefficients of f(x), the function has 3 or 1 positive real
zeros. Since there is 1 sign change for the coefficients of f(
x), the function has 1 negative 1
2
Page A27

; 2 real 0, 3, 3, 3i, 3i; 3 real, 2 imaginary

real zero. Use synthetic substitution to test some possible zeros. 2
2 1 0
15 38
60 State the possible number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, and
2 4
22 32 imaginary zeros of each function.
1 2
11 16
28
7. g(x)  3x3
4x2
17x  6 8. h(x)  4x3
12x2
x  3
3 1 0
15 38
60
2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0
3 9
18 60
1 3
6 20 0 9. f(x)  x3
8x2  2x
4 10. p(x)  x3
x2  4x
6
So 3 is a zero of the polynomial function. Now try synthetic substitution again to find a zero 3 or 1; 0; 2 or 0 3 or 1; 0; 2 or 0
of the depressed polynomial.
Answers
Lesson 6-8

2 1 3
6 20 11. q(x)  x4  7x2  3x
9 12. f(x)  x4
x3
5x2  6x  1

A27

2
2 16 1; 1; 2 2 or 0; 2 or 0; 4 or 2 or 0
1 1
8 36

4 1 3
6 20 Find all the zeros of each function.

4 4 8
13. h(x)  x3
5x2  5x  3 14. g(x)  x3
6x2  13x
10
1
1
2 28
3, 1 
2
, 1 
2
 2, 2  i, 2  i

5 1 3
6 20
(Lesson 6-8)

5 10
20 15. h(x)  x3  4x2 x
6 16. q(x)  x3  3x2
6x
8

1
2 4 0 1, 2, 3 2, 1, 4
So
5 is another zero. Use the Quadratic Formula on the depressed polynomial x2
2x  4
to find the other 2 zeros, 1  i3
. 17. g(x)  x4
3x3
5x2  3x  4 18. f(x)  x4
21x2  80
The function has two real zeros at 3 and
5 and two imaginary zeros at 1  i3
. 1, 1, 1, 4 4, 4, 
5
,
5


Exercises Write a polynomial function of least degree with integral coefficients that has the
given zeros.
Find all of the zeros of each function.
19.
3,
5, 1 20. 3i
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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1. f(x)  x3  x2  9x  9 1, 3i 2. f(x)  x3
3x2  4x
12 3, 2i f(x)  x 3  7x 2  7x  15 f(x)  x 2  9

21.
5  i 22.
1, 3
,
3

3. p(a)  a3
10a2  34a
40 4, 3 i 4. p(x)  x3
5x2  11x
15 3, 1 2i
f(x)  x 2  10x  26 f(x)  x 3  x 2  3x  3

5. f(x)  x3  6x  20 6. f(x)  x4
3x3  21x2
75x
100 23. i, 5i 24.
1, 1, i 6


2, 1 3i 1, 4, 5i f(x)  x 4  26x 2  25 f(x)  x 4  5x 2  6

Chapter 6 56 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 57 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-8 6-8

Chapter 6
Practice Word Problem Practice
A2-06-873976

Roots and Zeros Roots and Zeros

Solve each equation. State the number and type of roots. 1. TABLES Li Pang made a table of values 4. COMPLEX ROOTS Eric is a
for the polynomial p(x). Her table is statistician. During the course of his
1.
9x
15  0 2. x4
5x2  4  0
shown below. work, he had to find something called
5 the “eigenvalues of a matrix,” which was


; 1 real 1, 1, 2, 2; 4 real x p(x)
3
5/16/06

basically the same as finding the roots of

3. x5  81x 4. x3  x2
3x
3  0
4
3 a polynomial. The polynomial was

3
1 x4  6x2  25. One of the roots of this
0, 3, 3, 3i, 3i; 3 real, 2 imaginary 1, 
3
,
3
; 3 real polynomial is 1  2i. What are the other

2 0
3 roots? Explain.
5. x3  6x  20  0 6. x4
x3
x2
x
2  0
1 2 The other 3 roots are 1  2i,
2:19 PM

2, 1 3i; 1 real, 2 imaginary 2, 1, i, i; 2 real, 2 imaginary 0 0 1  2i, and 1  2i.
1 4
Sample answer: Since f(x)  f(x),
State the possible number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, and if r is a root, so is r; hence
2 0 1  2i is a root. Because the
imaginary zeros of each function.
3 2 coefficients are real, if r is a root,
7. f(x)  4x3
2x2 x3 8. p(x)  2x4
2x3  2x2
x
1 its complex conjugate must also
4 5
Page A28

2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0 3 or 1; 1; 2 or 0 be a root; therefore, 1  2i and

Name three roots of p(x). 1  2i are also roots.
9. q(x)  3x4  x3
3x2  7x  5 10. h(x)  7x4  3x3
2x2
x  1
2 or 0; 2 or 0; 4, 2, or 0 2 or 0; 2 or 0; 4, 2, or 0 2, 0, and 2
QUADRILATERALS For Exercises 5-7,
Answers

Find all the zeros of each function. 2. ROOTS Ryan is an electrical engineer. use the following information.
Lesson 6-8

He often solves polynomial equations

A28
11. h(x)  2x3  3x2
65x  84 12. p(x)  x3
3x2  9x
7 to work out various properties of the Shayna plotted the four vertices of a
3 circuits he builds. For one circuit, he quadrilateral in the complex plane and
7,

, 4 1, 1  i
6
, 1  i
6
 must find the roots of a polynomial p(x).
2 then encoded the points in a polynomial
He finds that p(2
3x)  0. Give two p(x) by making them the roots of p(x).
13. h(x)  x3
7x2  17x
15 14. q(x)  x4  50x2  49
different roots of p(x). The polynomial p(x) is
3, 2  i, 2  i i, i, 7i, 7i 2  3i and 2  3i x4
9x3  27x2  23x
150.
(Lesson 6-8)

15. g(x)  x4  4x3
3x2
14x
8 16. f(x)  x4
6x3  6x2  24x
40 3. REAL ROOTS Madison is studying the 5. The polynomial p(x) has one positive
polynomial f(x)  x6
14x4
49x2
36. real root, and it is an integer. Find
1, 1, 2, 4 2, 2, 3  i, 3  i She knows that all of the roots of f(x) the integer.
are real. How many positive and how 3
Write a polynomial function of least degree with integral coefficients that has the many negative roots are there? How are
given zeros. the set of positive roots and negative
roots related to each other? Explain. 6. Find the negative real root(s) of p(x).
17.
5, 3i 18.
2, 3  i There are 3 positive and 3 2
f(x)  x 3  5x 2  9x  45 f(x)  x 3  4x 2  2x  20 negative roots. The set of
positive roots is the mirror image
19.
1, 4, 3i 20. 2, 5, 1  i 7. Find the complexl roots of p(x).
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

of the set of negative roots

f(x)  x 4  3x 3  5x 2  27x  36 f(x)  x 4  9x 3  26x 2  34x  20 because the polynomial is even. 4  3i and 4  3i

21. CRAFTS Stephan has a set of plans to build a wooden box. He wants to reduce the
volume of the box to 105 cubic inches. He would like to reduce the length of each
dimension in the plan by the same amount. The plans call for the box to be 10 inches by
8 inches by 6 inches. Write and solve a polynomial equation to find out how much
Stephen should take from each dimension. (10  x)(8  x)(6  x)  105; 3 in.

Chapter 6 58 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 59 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-8 Enrichment 6-9 Lesson Reading Guide

Chapter 6
Rational Zero Theorem
5/16/06

The Bisection Method for Approximating Real Zeros Get Ready for the Lesson
The bisection method can be used to approximate zeros of polynomial Read the introduction to Lesson 6-9 in your textbook.
functions like f (x)  x3  x2
3x
3. Rewrite the polynomial equation w(w  8)(w
5)  2772 in the form
f(x)  0, where f(x) is a polynomial written in descending powers of x.
2:19 PM

Since f (1) 
4 and f (2)  3, there is at least one real zero between 1 and 2. w 3  3w 2  40w  2772  0
12
The midpoint of this interval is   1.5. Since f(1.5) 
1.875, the zero is
2
1.5  2
between 1.5 and 2. The midpoint of this interval is   1.75. Since Read the Lesson
2
f(1.75) is about 0.172, the zero is between 1.5 and 1.75. The midpoint of this 1. For each of the following polynomial functions, list all the possible values of p, all the
1.5  1.75 p
Page A29

interval is   1.625 and f(1.625) is about
0.94. The zero is between possible values of q, and all the possible rational zeros .
2 q
1.625  1.75
1.625 and 1.75. The midpoint of this interval is   1.6875. Since a. f(x)  x3
2x2
11x  12
2
f (1.6875) is about
0.41, the zero is between 1.6875 and 1.75. Therefore, the possible values of p: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
zero is 1.7 to the nearest tenth.
possible values of q: 1
The diagram below summarizes the results obtained by the bisection method. p
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
Answers

possible values of :

q
sign of f(x): – – – – + +
b. f(x)  2x4  9x3
23x2
81x  45
1 1.5 2 possible values of p: 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45
value x: 1.625 1.75

A29
possible values of q: 1, 2
1.6875 1 3 5 9 15 45
p
possible values of :
q
1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45,

,

,

,

,

,


2 2 2 2 2 2
2. Explain in your own words how Descartes’ Rule of Signs, the Rational Zero Theorem, and
Using the bisection method, approximate to the nearest tenth the
synthetic division can be used together to find all of the rational zeros of a polynomial
zero between the two integral values of x for each function.
function with integer coefficients.
1. f (x)  x3
4x2
11x  2, f (0)  2, f (1) 
12 0.2
Sample answer: Use Descartes’ Rule to find the possible numbers of
Lesson 6-9

positive and negative real zeros. Use the Rational Zero Theorem to list all
possible rational zeros. Use synthetic division to test which of the
numbers on the list of possible rational zeros are actually zeros of the
(Lessons 6-8 and 6-9)

2. f (x)  2x4  x2
15, f (1) 
12, f (2)  21 1.6

polynomial function. (Descartes’ Rule may help you to limit the
possibilities.)

3. f(x)  x5
2x3
12, f (1) 
13, f (2)  4 1.9

Remember What You Learned
3. Some students have trouble remembering which numbers go in the numerators and which
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. f (x)  4x3
2x  7, f (
2) 
21, f (
1)  5 1.3 go in the denominators when forming a list of possible rational zeros of a polynomial
function. How can you use the linear polynomial equation ax  b  0, where a and b are
nonzero integers, to remember this?
b
Sample answer: The solution of the equation is 

. The numerator
5. f (x)  3x3
14x2
27x  126, f (4) 
14, f (5)  16 4.7 a
b is a factor of the constant term in ax  b. The denominator a is a factor
of the leading coefficient in ax  b.

Chapter 6 60 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 61 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
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6-9 Study Guide and Intervention 6-9 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Rational Zero Theorem Rational Zero Theorem

Identify Rational Zeros Find Rational Zeros
Rational Zero Let f(x)  a0x n  a1x n
1  …  an
2x 2  an
1x  an represent a polynomial function Example 1
p Find all of the rational zeros of f(x)  5x3  12x2  29x  12.
Theorem with integral coefficients. If q is a rational number in simplest form and is a zero of y  f(x),
then p is a factor of an and q is a factor of a0. From the corollary to the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, we know that there are
5/16/06

exactly 3 complex roots. According to Descartes’ Rule of Signs there are 2 or 0 positive
Corollary (Integral If the coefficients of a polynomial are integers such that a0  1 and an  0, any rational
real roots and 1 negative real root. The possible rational zeros are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12,
Zero Theorem) zeros of the function must be factors of an. 1 2 3 4 6 12
  ,   ,   ,   ,   ,   . Make a table and test some possible rational zeros.
5 5 5 5 5 5
Example p
List all of the possible rational zeros of each function.
q
5 12 29 12
2:19 PM

a. f(x)  3x4  2x2  6x  10 1 5 17
12 0

p
If q is a rational root, then p is a factor of
10 and q is a factor of 3. The possible values
Since f(1)  0, you know that x  1 is a zero.
for p are 1, 2, 5, and 10. The possible values for q are 1 and 3. So all of the
p 1 2 5 10 The depressed polynomial is 5x2  17x
12, which can be factored as (5x
3)(x  4).
possible rational zeros are q  1, 2, 5, 10, , , , and .
3 3 3 3 3
By the Zero Product Property, this expression equals 0 when x   or x 
4.
3 5
Page A30

b. q(x)  x3  10x2  14x  36 The rational zeros of this function are 1,  , and
4.
5
Since the coefficient of x3 is 1, the possible rational zeros must be the factors of the
Example 2 Find all of the zeros of f(x)  8x4  2x3  5x2  2x  3.
constant term
36. So the possible rational zeros are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18,
and 36. There are 4 complex roots, with 1 positive real root and 3 or 1 negative real roots. The
1 1 1 3 3 3
Answers

possible rational zeros are 1, 3,   ,   ,   ,   ,   , and   .

2 4 8 2 4 8
Exercises
Make a table and test some

A30
The depressed polynomial is 8x3  6x2  8x  6.
List all of the possible rational zeros of each function. possible values.
Try synthetic substitution again. Any remaining
1. f(x)  x3  3x2
x  8 2. g(x)  x5
7x4  3x2  x
20 p rational roots must be negative.

q
8 2 5 2 3
1, 2, 4, 8 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 p
1 8 10 15 17 14
q
8 6 8 6

2 8 18 41 84 165 1 1

 8 4 7 4
4 4
3. h(x)  x4
7x3
4x2  x
49 4. p(x)  2x4
5x3  8x2  3x
5 1
 8 6 8 6 0 3
(Lesson 6-9)

2
Lesson 6-9

1 5
 8 0 8 0
4
1, 7, 49 1, 5, ,  1
2 2 Since f   0, we know that x  3
21
 x 
 is another rational root.
 4
2
The depressed polynomial is 8x2  8  0,
5. q(x)  3x4
5x3  10x  12 6. r(x)  4x5
2x  18 is a root. which has roots i.
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 1 3
1 2 4 1 3 9 1 3 9 The zeros of this function are ,
, and i.
2 4
, ,  , , , , , 
3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4
7. f(x)  x7
6x5
3x4  x3  4x2
120 8. g(x)  5x6
3x4  5x3  2x2
15 Exercises
1 3
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 1, 3, 5, 15, ,  Find all of the rational zeros of each function.
15, 20, 24, 30, 40, 60, 120 5 5
1. f(x)  x3  4x2
25x
28 1, 4, 7 2. f(x)  x3  6x2  4x  24 6
9. h(x)  6x5
3x4  12x3  18x2
9x  21 10. p(x)  2x7
3x6  11x5
20x2  11
Find all of the zeros of each function.
1 3 7 21 1 11
1, 3, 7, 21, , , , , 1, 11, , 
2 2 2 2 2 2 3. f(x)  x4  2x3
11x2  8x
60 4. f(x)  4x4  5x3  30x2  45x
54
1 7 1 7 3
, , ,  3, 5, 2i
, 2, 3i
3 3 6 6 4

Chapter 6 62 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 63 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
 A1-A33
A2-06-873976

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-9 Skills Practice 6-9 Practice

Chapter 6
Rational Zero Theorem Rational Zero Theorem
5/16/06

List all of the possible rational zeros of each function. List all of the possible rational zeros of each function.

1. n(x)  x2  5x  3 2. h(x)  x2
2x
5 1. h(x)  x3
5x2  2x  12 2. s(x)  x4
8x3  7x
14

1, 3 1, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 1, 2, 7, 14
2:19 PM

3. w(x)  x2
5x  12 4. f(x)  2x2  5x  3 3. f(x)  3x5
5x2 x6 4. p(x)  3x2 x7
1 2 1 7
1 3

,

, 1, 2, 3, 6

,

, 1, 7
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

,

, 1, 3 3 3 3 3
2 2
5. g(x)  5x3  x2
x8 6. q(x)  6x5  x3
3
5. q(x)  6x3  x2
x  2 6. g(x)  9x4  3x3  3x2
x  27
1 2 4 8 1 1 1 3
1 1 1 2 1 1

,

,

,

, 1, 2, 4, 8

,

,

,

, 1, 3


,

,

,

, 1, 2

,

, 1, 3, 9, 27 5 5 5 5 6 3 2 2
Page A31

6 3 2 3 9 3
Find all of the rational zeros of each function.
Find all of the rational zeros of each function.
7. q(x)  x3  3x2
6x
8 4, 1, 2 8. v(x)  x3
9x2  27x
27 3
7. f(x)  x3
2x2  5x
4 8. g(x)  x3
3x2
4x  12
1 2, 2, 3 9. c(x)  x3
x2
8x  12 3, 2 10. f(x)  x4
49x2 0, 7, 7

9. p(x)  x3
x2  x
1 10. z(x)  x3
4x2  6x
4 11. h(x)  x3
7x2  17x
15 3 12. b(x)  x3  6x  20 2
1 2
Answers

13. f(x)  x3
6x2  4x
24 6 14. g(x)  2x3  3x2
4x
4 2

11. h(x)  x3
x2  4x
4 12. g(x)  3x3
9x2
10x
8
9

A31
1 4 15. h(x)  2x3
7x2
21x  54 3, 2,

16. z(x)  x4
3x3  5x2
27x
36 1, 4
2
13. g(x)  2x3  7x2
7x
12 14. h(x)  2x3
5x2
4x  3 17. d(x)  x4  x3  16 no rational zeros 18. n(x)  x4
2x3
3 1
3 1
4, 1,

1,

, 3
2 2 19. p(x)  2x4
7x3  4x2  7x
6 20. q(x)  6x4  29x3  40x2  7x
12
15. p(x)  3x3
5x2
14x
4 16. q(x)  3x3  2x2  27x  18 3 3 4
1, 1,

, 2 

, 


2 2 3
(Lesson 6-9)

1 2
Lesson 6-9






3 3
17. q(x)  3x3
7x2  4 18. f(x)  x4
2x3
13x2  14x  24 Find all of the zeros of each function.
2 21. f(x)  2x4  7x3
2x2
19x
12 22. q(x)  x4
4x3  x2  16x
20


, 1, 2 3, 1, 2, 4
3 1 
33 1 
33

1, 3,

 ,

2, 2, 2  i, 2  i
19. p(x)  x4
5x3
9x2
25x
70 20. n(x)  16x4
32x3
13x2  29x
6 4 4
1 3 1  i
3
,
2, 7 1,

,

, 2 1, 1,


4 4 23. h(x)  x6
8x3 24. g(x)  x6
1 2
1  i
3
 1  i
3
 1  i
3

Find all of the zeros of each function. 0, 2, 1  i
3
, 1  i
3


,

,


Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2 2 2
21. f(x)  x3  5x2  11x  15 22. q(x)  x3
10x2  18x
4
25. TRAVEL The height of a box that Joan is shipping is 3 inches less than the width of the
3, 1  2i, 1  2i 2, 4 
14
, 4 
14
 box. The length is 2 inches more than twice the width. The volume of the box is 1540 in3.
What are the dimensions of the box? 22 in. by 10 in. by 7 in.
23. m(x)  6x4
17x3  8x2  8x
3 24. g(x)  x4  4x3  5x2  4x  4
1 3 1 
5 1 
5
 26. GEOMETRY The height of a square pyramid is 3 meters shorter than the side of its base.


,

,
2, 2, i, i 1
,

3 2 2 2 If the volume of the pyramid is 432 m3, how tall is it? Use the formula V  Bh. 9 m
3

Chapter 6 64 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 65 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
 A1-A33

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-9 Word Problem Practice 6-9 Enrichment

Chapter 6
A2-06-873976

Rational Zero Theorem

1. ROOTS Paul was examining an old 4. PYRAMIDS Pedro made a pyramid out Irrational Numbers
algebra book. He came upon a page of construction paper. The base of the
about polynomial equations and saw the pyramid is a square with side length 3x. Philosopher Hippasus of Metapontum was believed to have discovered that 2  was
polynomial below. The height of the pyramid is x  12. The irrational. Mathematicians of the time denied the existence of irrational numbers and
killed Hippasus, not wishing to believe this fundamental number could fail to be a
5/16/06

function for the volume of the pyramid is

+8 V(x)  3x3  36x2. The actual volume of ratio of integers.
x9
the pyramid is 168 cubic centimeters. The typical way to prove that 2 is irrational is by contradiction and relies on a few
What is the length of the sides of the other common facts that are easily proven. That is, the proof assumes that it is
base and height of the pyramid? rational and deduces a contradiction.
As you can see, all the middle terms base side length  6 cm,
2:19 PM

were blotted out by an ink spill. What Theorem: 2

 is irrational
are all the possible rational roots of this
height  14 cm a
 is a rational number. Then 2
Proof: Suppose 2    , where a and b are relatively
polynomial? b
8, 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8 prime integers. Relatively prime integers are integers that have no common factor other
a
than one, therefore  is a fraction written in lowest terms. It is also this condition that
b a
(r + 7) in. provides the contradiction. If we square both sides of the equation, 2    , we have
a 2 b
Page A32

2  2 . This is equivalent to a2  2b2. However, this says that a2 is an even number,

b
r in. thus a is an even number. If a is even, b is also even. Thus a and b have a factor in
2. IRRATIONAL CONSTANTS Cherie was common other than one, namely two, and are not relatively prime. Hence 2  is irrational.
given a polynomial whose constant term
The Rational Zero Theorem provides a direct proof method.
was 2. Is it possible for this polynomial BOXES For Exercises 5–7, use the
Answers

to have a rational root? If it is not, following information.

explain why not. If it is possible, give an Exercises

A32
example of such a polynomial with a Devon made a box with length x  1, width 1. Use the rational zero theorem to prove that 2
 is irrational.
rational root. x  3, and height x
3. Consider P(x)  x 2  2. A known root of this polynomial is 2
.
Yes, it is possible. For example, But by the Rational Zero Theorem the only possible rational zeros
the polynomial are 1 or 2.
x 2  (1 
2 )x 
2 has 1 as a
x–3 2. Show that the square of an even number is even.
root.
(Lesson 6-9)

Let a be even, a  2k. Now a 2  4k 2 2(2k 2), which is even.

Lesson 6-9

x+3 x+1

5. What is the volume of Devon’s box as a

function of x?
3. MARKOV CHAINS Tara is a V(x)  x 3  x 2  9x  9 3. Show that any integer zeros of a polynomial function must be factors of the constant
mathematician who specializes in term a0.
p
probability. In the course of her work, Let k   be an integer where p is a factor of a0 and q a factor
q
she needed to find the roots of the of an. Therefore a0 k(qM), for some M, and so k divides a0.
polynomial 6. What is x if the volume of the box is
p(x)  288x4
288x3  106x2
17x  1. equal to 1001 cubic inches?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

What are the roots of p(x)? 10

1 1 1 1
 ,  ,  , and 
3 4 4 6
7. What is x if the volume of the box is
5
equal to 14  cubic inches?
8
3.5

Chapter 6 66 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 6 67 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
 A1-A33
A2-06-873976

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

6-9

Chapter 6
Graphing Calculator Activity
Rational Root Theorem
5/16/06

The following program performs synthetic division and displays the

depressed polynomial coefficients in rational form. The program will allow
the testing of possible rational zeros of a polynomial function.

PROGRAM:SYNTHDIV
2:19 PM

Disp "DEGREE OF DIVIDEND" P1→P Q→L2(P)

Input M Disp "COEFFICIENT" P+1→P
Disp "COEFFICIENTS?" Input A If P M+1
Disp "0SAME" A→L1(P) Goto 3
Disp "1QUOTIENT" If P M1 Stop
Disp "2NEW" Goto 1 Lbl 4
Page A33

Input U Lbl 2 0→P

Disp "POSSIBLE ROOT" 1→P Lbl 5
Input R 0→S 1P→P
If U0 Lbl 3 L2(P)→L1(P)
Goto 2 L1(P) →F If P M1
If U1 FS→Q Goto 5
Goto 4 Disp Q
Frac Goto 2
0→P Pause
Lbl 1 RQ→S
Answers

Example Find all of the rational zeros of f(x)  2x3  11x2  12 x  9.

A33
Use the program to test possible zeros.
Keystrokes: PRGM [SYNTHDIV] ENTER ENTER 3 ENTER 2
ENTER 1 ENTER 2 ENTER (–) 11 ENTER 12 ENTER 9 ENTER .

Press ENTER until the screen displays Done.

The column of numbers are the coefficients of the depressed polynomial.

(Lesson 6-9)

Since the last number is not zero, press ENTER 3 ENTER . Choose 0 for
the same coefficients. Press ENTER (–) 1 then ENTER until finished. Repeat
this until a zero is found. Then press ENTER 2 for the degree of the
depressed polynomial and ENTER 1 for the quotient.

The zeros are 3, 3, and 1.

2

Exercises

Find all the zeros of each function.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1. f(x)  x3
8x2
23x  30 1, 3, 10 2. f(x)  x3
7x2  2x  40 2, 4, 5

1
3. f(x)  2x3
x2
32x  16 4, 4,

4. f(x)  x4  x3
11x2
9x  18 1, 2, 3, 3
2
1
5. p(x)  3x4  11x3  11x2  x
2 1,2,

6. p(x)  x4
2x3  x2
8x
12 1, 3
3
1
7. p(x)  3x5  x4
243x
81 3, 3,

8. p(x)  3x4  13x3  15x2
4 2
3
Chapter 6 68 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A34-A43 A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:26 PM Page 34

Chapter 6 Assessment Answer Key

Quiz 1 (Lessons 6-1 through 6-3) Quiz 3 (Lessons 6-6 and 6-7) Mid-Chapter Test
Page 71 Page 72 Page 73
24
  n7 l 1. 3(2a  3)(a  2)
allow
10x8y 1. C
y 3
1.
2. 8x 2y 2
2. 3, 
5 ,
5
, 3 G
4x2  6x  2 2.
3. 6.8  107 L2(P)
→P
4. 1.52  104 M+1
3.
7 yards B
o3 39 3.
p 4. 46; 277
4 F
5. 9p  q 3 4.
55. x  2; x
3
6. 3x  3
7. 8x 2  18x  35

x 5. D
8. A

6 H
9. m
3
m4
x 6.

a 2
3a
1 at x  1,
10. between 4 and 3,
7. between 2 and
1
f (x )
Quiz 2 (Lessons 6-4 and 6-5) Quiz 4 (Lessons 6-8 and 6-9)
Page 71 Page 72
1. 57 3 or 1; 2 or 0; O x
1. 4, 2, or 0
2. even; 2
between 1 and 0,
between 1 and 2,
3. between 3 and 4 2. 3, 1  i, 1
i
f ( x) 8. 2x 2  3x 1
2
9.
x 2  5x  1   
x 7
Sample answer:
3. f(x)  x
6x  10x
8 10.
3 2
O x 1.25  10
9 s
1, 2, 3, 6,
1 3 3
4.
2, 2, 1, 2
11. s 2  s  12
4. 2; 8
5. 0; 235 5. 6 ft  9 ft  10 ft

(continued on the next page)

Chapter 6 A34 Glencoe Algebra 2
A34-A43 A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:26 PM Page 35

Chapter 6 Assessment Answer Key

Vocabulary Test Form 1
Page 74 Page 75 Page 76

1. synthetic 1. D 10. J
substitution
2. scientific notation

3. quadratic form 2. F
11. A
4. simplify

5. synthetic division

6. standard notation
3. B
7. minimum

8. depressed H 12. H
polynomial 4.

9. leading coefficient 13. B

5. D
10. polynomial in one
variable
F
11. Sample answer: The 14.
end behavior of a 6. H
graph is a
A

Answers
description of how i 15.
the graph behaves
when the value of x
becomes very small 16. H
or very large.
12. Sample answer: 7. D 17. B
The degree of a
polynomial is
the degree of the
monomial with 18. J
the greatest degree.

19. A
8. G

20. F

D B:
12
9.

Chapter 6 A35 Glencoe Algebra 2

A34-A43 A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:26 PM Page 36

Chapter 6 Assessment Answer Key

Form 2A Form 2B
Page 77 Page 78 Page 79 Page 80

1. A 10. J 1. A 10. F

2. J 11. C H 11. D
2.

3. B F
3. C 12.

12. H
4. J
4. J 13. B

13. A
5. C
C 14. G
5.

14. H

15. C
6. F
6. H
15. C
16. G

16. G C
17.

17. D
7. C 7. C 18. F

18. F
19. B

19. D
8. H 8. F 20. F

20. G
9. A
9. C B: (z  3)(z  3)
B:
41 (x  2y)(x  2y)

Chapter 6 A36 Glencoe Algebra 2

A34-A43 A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:26 PM Page 37

Chapter 6 Assessment Answer Key

Form 2C
Page 81 Page 82
between
2 and
1,
75
 r4 between 0 and 1,
2
1. t 16. between 1 and 2
a2
 c6 f (x )
2. 9b6

O x
3. 3c
14c
12
2

4. 6x 2
7x  20

5. 14p 2
3p  12 Sample answer:

rel. max. at x 
1,
2.8  106 17. rel. min. at x  1
6.

18. 9(n 3)2
36(n 3)

7. about 2.67  10
4
people per mi2
15
,

15,
19. ,
i
3
i
3 

5y 2
12y
20.
3
73
21   
2y
3
8.
10 21. x  3, x
5
9.
x2  x  20
 
x
3

Answers
10. (2x
3y)(z  4) 22. 3 or 1; 1; 2 or 0

11.
176
23. 14 in.  8 in.  15 in.
12. x2
x  3

f (x) →
 1, 2, 4, 8, 2

1
13. as x →
; 24.
f (x) →

as x → 
3
25.
2, 1, 2
14. even

x

 6
B: x
4

Chapter 6 A37 Glencoe Algebra 2

A34-A43 A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:26 PM Page 38

Chapter 6 Assessment Answer Key

Form 2D
Page 83 Page 84
between
2 and
1,
d2
40 between
1 and 0,

1. c 16. between 1 and 2
f (x )
bc8

2. 4a4

O x

3. 7f 2
2f  3

4. 10m2
7m
6
Sample answer:
rel. max. at x  1,
5. 6g
3g
7g  8
3 2
17. rel. min. at x 
1
6. 1.5  103

7. 6.8  10 18. 5(x )
4(x )  3

3 5 2 5

people per km2

19.
6
,

6
, i
2
,
i
2


20. 132
7
8. 4x 2
3x
3 
2x  1
16
9.
x 2  6x
3

x
2 21. x  3, x  1

10. (4x  y)(5x
2)

22. 2 or 0; 2 or 0; 4, 2, or 0

11.
134
23. 22 in.  6 in.  2 in.
12. x2
2x  1

1, 2, 7, 14,

f (x) →  1 7
13. as x →
; 24.
, 
2 2
f (x) → 
as x → 
2
25.
3, 3, 1
14. even

15. 4 x 4

x5
B.

Chapter 6 A38 Glencoe Algebra 2

A34-A43 A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:26 PM Page 39

Chapter 6 Assessment Answer Key

Form 3
Page 85 Page 86

16 between 0 and 1,

1. 16a 15. between 1 and 2

5y 2 f (x )

2. x

O x

5 16
3. 12p
3 pr
5 r
2   2

4. m  4mn
4n
2 2

Sample answer:
1.3  103 rel. max. at x 
1 and
5.
16. x  1, rel. min. at x  0
6. $4.85  103

17. b[9(b )  3(b )  8]

2 2 2

18. 16, 81
x 2
3x
9

 22x 2
7. x 2  3x
1 19. 7014

8. 2x 2
x
1
20. 3

5, 3, or 1; 5, 3, or 1;

Answers
9. 2(9w 2  n 2)(3w  n)(3w
n) 21. 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, or 0

10. (x  2y )(x
2x y  4y )
2 2 4 2 2 4

i
105

 22. 1, 3, 3
2i, 3  2i
11. 3
1, 3, 5, 15,
13 1 1 5 5

3
, 3, 9, 3
23. 9
12.

x 4
7x 2  x
13.
24.

41,
21, 31, 2
f (x) → 
14. as x → ;
f (x) →

as x →
; odd; 4
25. 4 meters

B: 24

Chapter 6 A39 Glencoe Algebra 2

A34-A43 A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:26 PM Page 40

Chapter 6 Assessment Answer Key

Page 87, Extended-Response Test
Scoring Rubric

Score General Description Specific Criteria

4 Superior • Shows thorough understanding of the concepts of

A correct solution that operations with polynomials; polynomial functions;
is supported by well- graphing polynomial functions; determining number and
developed, accurate type of roots of a polynomial equation; and finding rational
explanations zeros of a polynomial function.
• Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are correct.
• Written explanations are exemplary.
• Graphs are accurate and appropriate.
• Goes beyond requirements of some or all problems.

3 Satisfactory • Shows an understanding of the concepts of operations

A generally correct solution, with polynomials; polynomial functions; graphing
but may contain minor flaws polynomial functions; determining number and type of
in reasoning or computation roots of a polynomial equation; and finding rational zeros
of a polynomial function.
• Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are effective.
• Graphs are mostly accurate and appropriate.
• Satisfies all requirements of problems.

2 Nearly Satisfactory • Shows an understanding of most of the concepts of

A partially correct operations with polynomials; polynomial functions;
interpretation and/or graphing polynomial functions; determining number and
solution to the problem type of roots of a polynomial equation; and finding rational
zeros of a polynomial function.
• May not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are satisfactory.
• Graphs are mostly accurate.
• Satisfies the requirements of most of the problems.
1 Nearly Unsatisfactory • Final computation is correct.
A correct solution with no • No written explanations or work is shown to substantiate
supporting evidence or the final computation.
explanation • Graphs may be accurate but lack detail or explanation.
• Satisfies minimal requirements of some of the problems.

0 Unsatisfactory • Shows little or no understanding of most of the concepts of

An incorrect solution operations with polynomials; polynomial functions;
indicating no mathematical graphing polynomial functions; determining number and
understanding of the type of roots of a polynomial equation; and finding rational
concept or task, or no zeros of a polynomial function.
solution is given • Does not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are incorrect.
• Written explanations are unsatisfactory.
• Graphs are inaccurate or inappropriate.
• Does not satisfy requirements of problems.
• No answer may be given.

Chapter 6 A40 Glencoe Algebra 2

A34-A43 A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:26 PM Page 41

Chapter 6 Assessment Answer Key

Page 83, Extended-Response Test
Sample Answers
In addition to the scoring rubric found on page A40, the following sample answers
may be used as guidance in evaluating open-ended assessment items.

1a. The length and width are 2x  1 and 3a. Answers must be of the form
x  1 units. P(x)  a0x4  a1x3  a2x2  a3x  a4,
1b. The perimeter can be found using the where an 0 for any n. Sample
formula p  2(l  w). Substituting answer: P(x)  x4  x3  x2  2x  3.
2x  1 for length and x  1 for width, 3b. Students should show by direct
p  2(2x  1  x  1) substitution, and by synthetic
p  2(3x  2)  6x  4 substitution, how to find P(
2).
1c. For x  3, the length is 7 units, the For the sample function in a,
width is 4 units, the perimeter is 22 P(
2)  11.
units, and the area is 28 units2. The 3c. Students should indicate that x  1 is
value of x must be chosen so that the a factor of P(x) if and only if P(
1)  0.
length, width, perimeter, and area are For the sample function in a,
all positive. The expressions 2x  1, P(
1)  2 0, so x  1 is not a factor
x  1, 6x  14, and 2x2  3x  1 will of P(x).
all be positive only if x
1. 3d. Students should use Descartes’ Rule of
2 Signs to determine the number of
1d.  3x  1  (2x  1)(x  1)
2x2 positive and negative real zeros of
Students should indicate that the P(x). For the sample function in a,
factors of the polynomial are the same P(x) has no positive real zeros and has
as the dimensions of the rectangle in 4, 2 or 0 negative real zeros.
part a. 3e. Students must explain that any
2a. and b. Students must sketch a rational zeros of P(x) must be
p
of the form q, where p is a factor of

Answers
polynomial function having
exactly 5 zeros, opposite end
a4 and q is a factor of a0.
behavior, 2 relative maxima,
and 2 relative minima, For the sample function in a, a0  1
labeled as shown. and a4  3, so the only possible
rational zeros are 1 and 3.
f (x ) A2
3f. For each of the possible rational zeros
A1 zn found in part e, students must show
z1 z2 z3 whether x
zn is a factor of P(x). For
O z4 z5 x the sample function in a, there are no
rational zeros.
B2

B1

2c. Regardless of the function sketched,

D: all real numbers and
R: all real numbers.
2d. Students must state either “As
x → , f(x)→
 and as
x →
, f(x) → ” (as for the sample
function shown) or “As
x → , f(x) →  and as x →
,
f(x) →
.”

Chapter 6 A41 Glencoe Algebra 2

A34-A43 A2-06-873976 5/17/06 11:27 AM Page 42

Chapter 6 Assessment Answer Key

Standardized Test Practice
Page 88 Page 89

1. A B C D 11. A B C D

12. F G H J

2. F G H J

3. A B C D

13. A B C D

4. F G H J

14. F G H J

5. A B C D

6. F G H J

15. A B C D

7. A B C D 16. 5 1 2 .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 3 2 2 2 2 2
8. F G H J
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7

9. A B C D
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9

17. 1 5 0 .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10. F G H J
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 3 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Chapter 6 A42 Glencoe Algebra 2

A34-A43 A2-06-873976 5/16/06 2:26 PM Page 43

Chapter 6 Assessment Answer Key

Standardized Test Practice
Page 90

18. (n  3)2

19. a 2
7a  10

20. y 
x  4

21. (3,
2)

s 0; t 0;
22. 3s  4t  500;
s  t  150

23. 32

29
25


Answers
24.

3
2
25.
4 5  m
n    9
16

26. 1.5  1011

1
27. 3x
x  1
2x  1
2

28a. 4
28b. 2
28c. 73; 162a
27a 
4 3
54a 2
21a
5

Chapter 6 A43 Glencoe Algebra 2