Handout week 10: Unity and Coherence + the Essay

Exercise 1: Coherence and repetition of Key nouns.

A. In the following paragraph, the key noun is never repeated. Replace the
pronoun it with the key noun English wherever you think doing so would make
the paragraph more coherent.

English

English

English

English

English

B. In the following passage about dolphins replace some of the pronouns with
appropriate singular or plural nouns.

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 Dolphins

Dolphins
Dolphins
a dolphins

the sick dolphins

the group stays

Dolphins

dolphins

Exercise 2. If you do not wish to repeat a key noun again and again, you can use
synonyms or expressions with the same meaning.

Step 1. In the topic sentence of the following paragraph, underline the key noun
that names the topic
Step 2. Then circle (a) repetitions of the key nouns, (b) pronouns that refer to
them, and (c) synonyms that are substitutes for them. You should have a total of
10 circles: 3 circles around key nouns, 3 around pronouns, and 4 around
synonyms.

a1 b1

a2 c2
a1

a3
b3 a4
b3 b4

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Exercise 3. Using consistent pronouns. In the following paragraph, the pronouns
are not consistent. Correct them to make this paragraph more coherent.

athletes they

they their

they

Exercise 4. Transition signals. Compare paragraphs 1 and 2 that follow. Which

paragraph contains transition signals and is more coherent? Circle all the
transition signals you can identify.

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Transition Chart 1. (see full list on separate handout)

Most words and phrases in the first two columns of the chart can appear at the
beginning, in the middle or at the end of one independent clause and are
usually separated by commas.

Exceptions:
1. The words and phrases in the last four groups in the chart (for listing
ideas and time sequences, for emphasizing, for giving reasons and
conclusions) usually only appear at the end.
2. Too usually appears only at the end of a sentence, sometimes preceded by
a comma.
3. The short time words then, now and soon usually do not need commas.

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Exercise 5. Recognizing transition signals.

Step 1. Circle all the transition signals in the following paragraphs.

Step 2. Punctuate the transition signals if necessary (add comma, colon, semi-
colons etc.).

Exercise 6. A. From the choices given in parentheses, choose the transition signal
that best shows the relationship between the sentences in each group. Write the
signal in the space. Add punctuation and change capital letters to small letters if
necessary. The first one has already been done for you as an example.

Note: All the transition signals in this practice are transition phrases and
conjunctive adverbs. This is to give you more practice in using and punctuating
these types of transition signals correctly.

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 however,

therefore,

for example

Therefore,

; as a result,

Exercise 6.B. Fill in each blank with an appropriate transition signal from the list
provided. Use each signal only once. Add punctuation if necessary.

For example, in fact, similarly, also, indeed, third, second, final and most
convincing

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 in fact
also
For example,

similarity
second,

third

Indeep

final and most convincing

Exercise 6.C. Improve the coherence of the following paragraph by adding

transition in the blank spaces. Use the hints provided in parentheses to help you
choose a transition.

moreover
first

in constract

second

in addition

as a result
in conclusion

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Exercise 7. Read the following paragraphs and decide which kind of logical order
is used in each: comparison/contrast, chronological order, or logical division of
ideas. Be able to discuss the reasons for your choice. Circle all the transition
signals.

chronological order

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 comparison/contrast

logical division