LECTURE I
INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION
The intent of this course is to help scientists and
engineers to be aware of the types of materials
available
To understand the general behavior and
capabilities of materials
To Recognize the effects of the environment and
service conditions on their materials
performance
INTRODUCTION
This understanding is necessary
for engineers to be able to
participate in the design of
reliable and economical
components, systems, and
processes that utilize the wide
spectrum of materials
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Materials are probably more deep
seated in our culture than most of us
realize
Transportation
Housing
Clothing
Communication
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
The development and advancement of societies
have been ultimately tied to the members ability to
produce and manipulate materials to fill their needs
Civilization have been designated by the level of
their materials development
STONE AGE
BRONZE AGE
IRON AGE
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
The earliest humans had access to only a very
limited number of materials that occur
naturally (Stone, wood, clay, skins, e.t.c)
With time they discovered techniques for
producing materials that had properties
superior to those of the natural ones (Pottery
and various metals)
Later it was discovered that properties of a
material could be altered by heat treatments
and by addition of other substances
MODERN ERA
Ten of thousands of different materials
have evolved with specialized
characteristics (metals, plastics, glasses,
fibers, biomaterials, e.t.c)
Sophisticated electronic devices rely on
components that are made from what are
called semiconducting materials
WHAT IS MATERIALS
SCIENCE
Materials Science involves
investigating the relationship
that exist between the structure
and properties of materials
WHAT IS MATERIALS
ENGINEERING
Materials engineering is the
designing or engineering the
structure of a material to
produce a predetermined set of
properties
STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS
Structure of materials relate to the
arrangement of internal components
Sub atomic structure involves electrons
within the individual atoms and
interaction with their nuclei
On an atomic level, structure
encompasses the organization of atoms or
molecules to one another
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Property is a material trait in terms of the
kind and magnitude of response to a
specific imposed stimulus
Properties are independent of material
shape and size
All important properties of solid materials
are grouped into six
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Mechanical Properties relate deformation
to an applied load or force (e.g. elastic
modulus and strength)
Electrical properties: the stimulus is an
electric field (e.g. electrical conductivity
and dielectric constant)
Thermal properties: Thermal behavior of
solids can be represented in terms of heat
capacity and thermal conductivity
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Magnetic Properties demonstrate the
response of a material to the application
of a magnetic field
Optical properties: the stimulus is
electromagnetic or light radiation (e.g.
index of refraction and reflectivity)
Deteriorative properties: this relate to
the chemical reactivity of materials
In addition to structure and
properties, two other important
components are involved in the
science and engineering of materials
PROCESSING
PERFORMANCE
TYPES OF PROCESSING
METHODS
Casting
Thermal (Annealing)
Thermo-mechanical
Sintering
Vapor Deposition
Joining
The structure of a material will
depend on how it was
processed
A material performance will
be a function of it properties
The four components of the discipline of
materials science and engineering and their
interrelationship
Example of processing-structure-properties-
performance principle
ROLE OF MATERIALS
SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
ROLE OF MATERIALS
SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
The role of a Materials Scientists is to
develop or synthesize new materials
Materials Engineer is called upon to
create new products or systems using
existing materials
Materials Scientists and Engineers also
develop techniques for processing
materials
ROLE OF MATERIALS
SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
Many Scientists and Engineers,
whether Mechanical, Civil,
Chemical, Electrical or Marine will
at one time or another be
exposed to a design problem
involving materials
ROLE OF MATERIALS
SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
The more familiar an engineer is
with the various characteristics
and structure-property
relationship, as well as processing
techniques of materials, the more
efficient and confident the
engineer will make a choice
