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Em Lecture 1

The document introduces materials science and engineering. It discusses the structure and properties of materials and how processing affects these. The relationships between processing, structure, properties and performance are also covered. The role of materials scientists and engineers in developing new materials and applying existing ones to engineering problems is described.

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9 views23 pages

Em Lecture 1

The document introduces materials science and engineering. It discusses the structure and properties of materials and how processing affects these. The relationships between processing, structure, properties and performance are also covered. The role of materials scientists and engineers in developing new materials and applying existing ones to engineering problems is described.

Uploaded by

upspeed5050
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE I

INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS

SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


INTRODUCTION

The intent of this course is to help scientists and


engineers to be aware of the types of materials
available

To understand the general behavior and


capabilities of materials

To Recognize the effects of the environment and


service conditions on their materials
performance
INTRODUCTION

This understanding is necessary


for engineers to be able to
participate in the design of
reliable and economical
components, systems, and
processes that utilize the wide
spectrum of materials
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Materials are probably more deep


seated in our culture than most of us
realize

Transportation
Housing
Clothing
Communication
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

 The development and advancement of societies


have been ultimately tied to the members ability to
produce and manipulate materials to fill their needs

 Civilization have been designated by the level of


their materials development

 STONE AGE

 BRONZE AGE

 IRON AGE
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
 The earliest humans had access to only a very
limited number of materials that occur
naturally (Stone, wood, clay, skins, e.t.c)

 With time they discovered techniques for


producing materials that had properties
superior to those of the natural ones (Pottery
and various metals)

 Later it was discovered that properties of a


material could be altered by heat treatments
and by addition of other substances
MODERN ERA

Ten of thousands of different materials


have evolved with specialized
characteristics (metals, plastics, glasses,
fibers, biomaterials, e.t.c)

Sophisticated electronic devices rely on


components that are made from what are
called semiconducting materials
WHAT IS MATERIALS
SCIENCE

Materials Science involves


investigating the relationship
that exist between the structure
and properties of materials
WHAT IS MATERIALS
ENGINEERING

Materials engineering is the


designing or engineering the
structure of a material to
produce a predetermined set of
properties
STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS
 Structure of materials relate to the
arrangement of internal components

 Sub atomic structure involves electrons


within the individual atoms and
interaction with their nuclei

 On an atomic level, structure


encompasses the organization of atoms or
molecules to one another
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
 Property is a material trait in terms of the
kind and magnitude of response to a
specific imposed stimulus

 Properties are independent of material


shape and size

 All important properties of solid materials


are grouped into six
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
 Mechanical Properties relate deformation
to an applied load or force (e.g. elastic
modulus and strength)

 Electrical properties: the stimulus is an


electric field (e.g. electrical conductivity
and dielectric constant)

 Thermal properties: Thermal behavior of


solids can be represented in terms of heat
capacity and thermal conductivity
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
 Magnetic Properties demonstrate the
response of a material to the application
of a magnetic field

 Optical properties: the stimulus is


electromagnetic or light radiation (e.g.
index of refraction and reflectivity)

 Deteriorative properties: this relate to


the chemical reactivity of materials
In addition to structure and
properties, two other important
components are involved in the
science and engineering of materials

 PROCESSING

 PERFORMANCE
TYPES OF PROCESSING
METHODS

 Casting
 Thermal (Annealing)
 Thermo-mechanical
 Sintering
 Vapor Deposition
 Joining
 The structure of a material will
depend on how it was
processed

 A material performance will


be a function of it properties
The four components of the discipline of
materials science and engineering and their
interrelationship
Example of processing-structure-properties-
performance principle
ROLE OF MATERIALS
SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
ROLE OF MATERIALS
SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
 The role of a Materials Scientists is to
develop or synthesize new materials

 Materials Engineer is called upon to


create new products or systems using
existing materials

 Materials Scientists and Engineers also


develop techniques for processing
materials
ROLE OF MATERIALS
SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING

 Many Scientists and Engineers,


whether Mechanical, Civil,
Chemical, Electrical or Marine will
at one time or another be
exposed to a design problem
involving materials
ROLE OF MATERIALS
SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING

 The more familiar an engineer is


with the various characteristics
and structure-property
relationship, as well as processing
techniques of materials, the more
efficient and confident the
engineer will make a choice

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