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Unit 1 Dbms

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that helps manage databases by allowing users to store, modify and retrieve data. It provides security, data consistency and quick access to data. There are two types of data independence that allow changes to the database structure without affecting other levels. Database architecture can be single-tier, two-tier or three-tier depending on how users connect to the database.

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Unit 1 Dbms

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that helps manage databases by allowing users to store, modify and retrieve data. It provides security, data consistency and quick access to data. There are two types of data independence that allow changes to the database structure without affecting other levels. Database architecture can be single-tier, two-tier or three-tier depending on how users connect to the database.

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mca.dhsgu.abhishek
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Management System

Database Management System or DBMS is a type of software that helps manage


a database. It is used to find and store information within a database. It can be
modified according to the user’s needs. It adds a layer of security to the
database.

Advantages of the Database Management


System
 The data is stored in a neater way and hence, more data can be stored.
 A DBMS is a highly secure platform so confidential and high-risk data can
also be stored and accessed, securely.
 DBMS makes handling of data very simple.
 Data inconsistency is greatly reduced by a well-designed DBMS.
 Data can be accessed quickly.
Data Independence
o Data independence can be explained using the three-schema architecture.
o Data independence refers characteristic of being able to modify the schema at
one level of the database system without altering the schema at the next higher
level.

There are two types of data independence:

1. Logical Data Independence


o Logical data independence refers characteristic of being able to change the
conceptual schema without having to change the external schema.
o Logical data independence is used to separate the external level from the
conceptual view.
o If we do any changes in the conceptual view of the data, then the user view of
the data would not be affected.
o Logical data independence occurs at the user interface level.

2. Physical Data Independence


o Physical data independence can be defined as the capacity to change the
internal schema without having to change the conceptual schema.
o If we do any changes in the storage size of the database system server, then the
Conceptual structure of the database will not be affected.
o Physical data independence is used to separate conceptual levels from the
internal levels.
o Physical data independence occurs at the logical interface level.
Fig: Data Independence

DBMS Architecture
o The DBMS design depends upon its architecture. The basic client/server architecture is
used to deal with a large number of PCs, web servers, database servers and other
components that are connected with networks.
o The client/server architecture consists of many PCs and a workstation which are
connected via the network.
o DBMS architecture depends upon how users are connected to the database to get their
request done.

Types of DBMS Architecture

Database architecture can be seen as a single tier or multi-tier. But logically, database
architecture is of two types like: 2-tier architecture and 3-tier architecture.
1-Tier Architecture
o In this architecture, the database is directly available to the user. It means the user can
directly sit on the DBMS and uses it.
o Any changes done here will directly be done on the database itself. It doesn't provide
a handy tool for end users.
o The 1-Tier architecture is used for development of the local application, where
programmers can directly communicate with the database for the quick response.

2-Tier Architecture
o The 2-Tier architecture is same as basic client-server. In the two-tier architecture,
applications on the client end can directly communicate with the database at the server
side. For this interaction, API's like: ODBC, JDBC are used.
o The user interfaces and application programs are run on the client-side.
o The server side is responsible to provide the functionalities like: query processing and
transaction management.
o To communicate with the DBMS, client-side application establishes a connection with
the server side.

Fig: 2-tier Architecture


3-Tier Architecture
o The 3-Tier architecture contains another layer between the client and server. In this
architecture, client can't directly communicate with the server.
o The application on the client-end interacts with an application server which further
communicates with the database system.
o End user has no idea about the existence of the database beyond the application
server. The database also has no idea about any other user beyond the application.
o The 3-Tier architecture is used in case of large web application.

Fig: 3-tier Architecture


Schema is of three types: Logical Schema, Physical Schema and view
Schema.
 Logical Schema – It describes the database designed at a logical
level.
 Physical Schema – It describes the database designed at the
physical level.
 View Schema – It defines the design of the database at the view
level.

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