UNIT 2:Adventure

2A. Vocabulary
• Landscapes: features and adjectives
I. Complete the sentences with the below.
cliffs waterfalls lake mountains hill
valley cave shores forest desert
1. She was standing at the mouth of the __________, and heard a noise coming from inside.
2. The birds breed mainly on sea __________ and in sea caves.
3. They enjoyed the beautiful views of snow-capped __________
4. Very little can grow in this arid __________.
5. We were on a ridge above a green __________, with the mountains beyond it.
6. She could see __________ falling down some of the mountain sides.
7. The area we passed through was once thick __________.
8. They can go fishing in the __________.
9. Wearing a pair of trainers, he walked up the steep __________ with the energy of a young mountain
climber.
10. The fish is commonly found off the __________ of Australia.

• Adjectives to describe adventure

II. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1. We looked down in the dark / steep / wide valley below.
2. The paths are often very narrow / shallow / rocky so strong boots are advisable.
3. The swimming pool has a deep end and a steep / shallow / wide end for kids.
4. It was a dark / deep / shallow night with clouds covering the moon.
5. His shoes and clothing were wet and deep / icy / wide cold.
6. The sun was dark / wide / low in the sky now, and the sunset is coming soon.
7. We’ll take the boat out into deep / shallow / steep water where we can dive.
8. She climbed through a narrow / deep / shallow gap in the fence.
9. The cat was hiding in the wide / narrow / tall grass in the backyard.
10. She stood at the top of the low / steep / tall path leading to the beach.

• Prepositions of movement and position

III. Choose the correct words.
1. Drive at / through / over the gate and you’ll see the main road.
2. He turned in / Ø / up left.
3. Turn in / to / onto Winston Road.
4. She was walking at / straight / along Queen Street.
5. Go past / on / after the supermarket.
6. Just follow / along / across the lane towards the cafe and you’ll see the post office.
IV. Choose the correct words.
1. We walked behind / through / beside the forest in the snow - it was very beautiful.
2. We didn’t go inside / under / behind the cave because it was very dark.
3. It was difficult to climb up / down / under the steep hill, but David got to the bottom.
4. I dived inside / across / under the water to see the colourful fish.
5. The bridge goes through / across / along the deep river.
6. I walked across / along / through the door and saw all the people inside.
7. We sailed across / down / under the Golden Gate Bridge.
8. We followed the path along / beside / through the shore for several miles.
9. Ann came up and sat beside / under / across me.
10. It’s very hot, so let’s sit over there down / under / behind those trees.
V. Complete the text with suitable prepositions.
Space: the Ultimate Frontier
Virgin Galactic is on the point of making space travel available to every man and woman on the street.
Passengers will spend three days preparing for the trip before they set 1 __________. After this training
period, they will go to the purpose-built Mojave Spaceport in the Californian desert to check
2
__________ for their flight. Here they get 3 __________ the spacecraft. A specially designed jet
carrier aircraft will carry them through the atmosphere, and then the spacecraft will be launched into
space. Here passengers will take 4 __________ their seatbelts and enjoy the experience of zero gravity.
They will look 5 __________ of the window and see the Earth as they have never seen it before. Later
they will go 6 __________ to their seats which will now be in reclining position, and they will return to
the spaceport lying 7 __________. After the spacecraft touches 8_________, the passengers will get
9
__________ and make their way to the celebration dinner awaiting them. When they check
10
__________ of the complex the next day, they will have an unforgettable memory of their days at
Mojave, which they will be talking about for days to come.

• Extreme adjectives
VI. Match the pair of adjectives with similar meanings. Which ones are more extreme?
Complete the chart.
astonished bad big brilliant clever
delighted enormous good happy important
scared small surprised terrible terrific
tiny vital

adjective extreme adjective

VII. Choose the correct answers.

1. That’s a terrified / terrific result. Well done!
2. My uncle was terrified / astonished that it was so easy to learn how to use the computer.
3. It’s vital / delighted to employ someone to improve our computer security.
4. I’m brilliant / delighted that the police have found our bicycle.
5. Some bank robbers are vital / brilliant people. They have very clever plans.
VIII. Replace the simple adjectives in brackets with extreme adjectives. The first letter of each
extreme adjective has been given.
1. What we could see from the top of the mountain was a __________. (very surprising)
2. The place where we stayed when we were hiking was f __________. (very dirty)
3. The safety helmet doesn’t fit me - it’s t __________. (very small)
4. Doing a bungee jump was t __________. (very frightening)
5. The brown bear that was walking towards us looked e __________. (very big)
6. The hill we had to climb looked h __________. (very big)
7. The countryside we were walking through was s __________. (very beautiful)
8. After completing the marathon, he was e __________. (very tired)

• Sports equipment
IX. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases below.
rope boots safety harness paddles
rucksack dinghy poles life jacket
1. Don’t worry about falling off the climbing wall - you’ll be wearing a __________
2. If you go out to sea on a boat, it’s a good idea to wear a __________.
3. When I went out to the sea with my friends, I dropped my hat over the side of the __________.
4. If you go hiking in the countryside, take a __________ so that you can carry things in it.
5. When I’m walking on rocky ground, my __________ stop me from falling over.
6. In the mountains you’ll need some strong walking __________.
7. When I went kayaking, I broke my __________ and had to use my hands to get to the edge of the
river.
8. They tied a __________ around my waist and pulled me up.

• Outdoor activities
X. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases below.
paintballing kite surfing abseiling orienteering
jet-skiing mountain biking quad biking rock climbing
1. I don’t really like __________ because it’s dangerous and too noisy.
2. __________ is a good sport to do if you like looking at maps.
3. In __________ you shoot small container of paint at people.
4. In __________ lessons, I tried to hold on to a rope which is fastened to the top of the slope and went
down a very steep slope.
5. He has a lot of courage and a sense of adventure, so he enjoys __________ and other mountain
activities.
6. His father bought him a motorbike with four large wheels so that he could rode in __________.
7. He enjoys flying a kite and he also likes surfing, so the best option for him is ____________.
8. Peter bought a bicycle with thick tyres and a lot of gears so he could rode on hills and rough ground
in a race of __________.

2B. Grammar
• Past continuous
I. Complete the sentences with the past continuous form of the verbs below.
look do wait not listen watch
1. Which programme __________ you __________ on TV?
2. __________ you __________ for us? I’m sorry we’re late.
3. They didn’t see the thief. They __________ in the shop window.
4. Could you repeat that, please? I __________.
5. __________ he __________ his homework in the library at that time?
II. Complete the text with the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
At 8.00 p.m., we arrived at Mike’s party. Mike 1 __________ (stand) in the kitchen. He2 __________
(eat) a pizza. We said hello, but he 3 __________ (not listen). Sue and Jane 4 __________ (dance) in
the hall. Maria 5 __________ (sit) on the stairs. She 6 __________ (hold) her head in her hands. Her
shoulders 7 __________ (shake) but she 8 __________ (not cry). She 9 __________ (laugh)!
III. Complete the dialogue with the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
Policeman What1 __________ (you / do) at 8 o’clock yesterday evening?
Man I2 __________ (watch) TV.
Policeman Really? What3 __________ (you / watch)?
Man A film.
Policeman What was it called?
Man Well, I can’t remember. I4 __________ (not pay) attention.
Policeman I see. And why is your jacket wet?
Man I 5 __________ (wear) it this morning when I went out.
Policeman But it6 __________ (not rain) this morning!

• Contrast: past simple and past continuous

IV. Complete the sentences with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I __________ (meet) a friend while I __________ (walk) to school yesterday.
2. She __________ (finish) her lunch and __________ (leave) the cafe.
3. I __________ (not see) that goal because I __________ (not look).
4. I __________ (open) the curtains and __________ (look) outside; it __________ (not rain) but the
sky was grey.
5. He __________ (not hear) the phone because he __________ (listen) to his DVD player.
6. She __________ (get up) and __________ (have) a shower.

. Choose the correct tense: past simple or past continuous.

Last winter, Paul 1had / was having a nasty accident while he 2skied / was skiing. He was with his
friend Joe. It was a beautiful morning. The sun 3shone / was shining and lots of people 4skied / were
skiing. Suddenly, Joe 5lost / was losing control as he was going round a comer and 6crashed / was
crashing into Paul. Paul 7fell / was falling and broke his leg. An ambulance 8arrived / was arriving
and 9 took / was taking him to hospital. Paul was in hospital for two weeks.
VI. Complete the sentences. Use did, didn’t, was, wasn’t, were or weren’t.
1. ‘How many goals __________ he score?’ - ‘He __________ score any goals. He __________
playing.’
2. ‘ __________ you playing table tennis when he arrived?’ - ‘No, we_________.'
3. ‘ __________ he ring while she __________ doing her homework?’ - ‘Yes, he __________.’
4. ‘ __________ she win the race?’ - ‘Yes, she __________.’
5. What __________ you do when you got home?
6. ‘ __________ you watch the match while you __________ having dinner?’ - ‘No, we __________.’

VII. Complete the sentences with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. Everyone was chatting when the teacher __________ (come) in.
2. I cooked dinner while they __________ (watch) the football match on TV.
3. We didn’t play football this morning because it __________ (rain).
4. When we arrived at the canteen, Nick __________ (wait) for us outside.
5. While we were coming home, we __________ (see) an accident.
VIII. Complete the sentences with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs below.
wait chat cook pass arrive
1. He __________ the ball to Phong and then ran down the ground.
2. When I __________ home, my mum was cooking dinner.
3. While I __________ to my sister, the phone rang.
4. I __________ for you in the park when it started to rain.
5. He __________ dinner while I was watching TV.

IX. Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past continuous of the verbs in brackets.
Last year, Nick and his dad 1 __________ (visit) the USA. While they 2 __________ (stay) in Los
Angeles, they 3 __________ (go) to a basketball game between the Los Angeles Lakers and the
Chicago Bulls. The atmosphere inside the stadium 4 __________ (be) really exciting. Thousands of
spectators 5__________ (cheer). The Los Angeles Lakers 6 __________ (score) 30 points in the last 10
minutes, but they 7 __________ (not win). After the game, one of the players 8 __________ (throw) the
ball into the crowd and a man in front of them 9 __________ (catch) it. While they 10 __________
(leave) the stadium, the man 11 __________ (give) them the ball and 12 __________ (say): ‘Here’s a
souvenir!’

2C. Word Skills

• Word building: Related verbs and nouns
I. Complete the sentences with nouns from the verbs in brackets.
1. The lights went out but our eyes quickly got used to the __________. (dark)
2. It’s important that young people leave school with good qualifications. I think the government
should spend more money on __________. (educate)
3. ‘It’s a long film. Why don’t we eat before we go to the cinema?’ - ‘That’s a very good
__________.’ (suggest)
4. They had a __________ about global warming. (discuss)
5. My uncle works for Greenpeace. It’s a large __________ that campaigns for the environment.
(organise)
6. Could you give me some __________ about trains to Ha Noi, please? (inform)
7. Fruit and vegetables are full of __________. (good)
II. Complete the sentences with the correct noun formed from the verbs below.
imagine relax motivate employ
examine explore entertain achieve
1. Most people watch TV for __________, and after that for their knowledge and information.
2. You need a lot of __________ if you want to become a professional sportsman.
3. You need a lot of __________ to write a good story.
4. Fishing is his favourite __________.
5. I’m reading an interesting book about the __________ of the South Pole.
6. Completing the marathon at the top ten was a real __________ for an old man like him.
7. The new company is going to bring a lot of __________ to our town.
8. On closer __________, the vases were seen to be cracked.

• Noun suffixes: -ness, -ity, -ion

III. Read about the famous people. Change the adjectives below to nouns and match them to the
descriptions.
addicted bald deaf disabled short-sighted
1. Alexander Graham Bell is famous for inventing the telephone, but did you know that his wife,
Mabel Gardiner Hubbard, wasn’t able to hear it ring? _____________
2. Film star Johnny Depp is often seen in glasses. He finds it difficult to see objects that are far away.
_____________
3. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President of the United States from 1933 to 1945. He was paralyzed
by polio in 1921, but only used his wheelchair in private. _____________
4. Julius Caesar was one of the most powerful leaders in history. He also had no hair on his head.
_____________
5. French writer Honoré de Balzac drank hundreds of cups of coffee a day. He just couldn’t sleep.
_____________
IV. Are the words in bold in the correct form in each sentence? Correct seven mistakes.
1. ‘I was surprised by Mia’s react when I told her we were meeting Dan.’ - ‘So was I. I couldn’t
believe the expression on her face.’
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. We would like to conclude this concert with a piano piece by Brahms.

3. My history teacher at school made a big impress on me - that’s why I did history at university.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. The police say that the gang of shoplifters have made a full confess.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. ‘I heard about your dad’s decide to stop you going out with Jim and David’ - ‘Yeah, he said he
wanted to protection me from their bad influence.’
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. The divide of any number by zero is actually impossible.
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. The town council has agreed to situate the new concert hall away from any housing areas.
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. What’s the connect between Winnie the Pooh and Attila the Hun? They have the same middle
name.
_________________________________________________________________________________

2D. Reading
I. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Friendly Dolphins Save Swimmers
One morning in November 2018, four people were 1 __________ in the sea about 100 metres from the
beach near Auckland, New Zealand. They were 2 __________ lifeguards on a training swim. Suddenly,
about ten dolphins appeared and started to swim around them in circles. At first, the swimmers were
worried - they 3 __________ that the dolphins were 4 __________ them. One of the swimmers, Ron
Howes, tried to swim back to the beach, but the dolphins stopped him and pushed him back to other
swimmers. Suddenly, one of the swimmers 5 __________. There was a three-metre shark and it was
swimming towards them through the 6 __________ blue water. It came very close to the swimmers. It
was only metres away, but it couldn’t attack them because the dolphins were there. The dolphins
stayed with the swimmers for 40 minutes. 7 __________, the shark swam away and the dolphins let the
swimmers return to the beach. A scientist, Rosemary Finn, who studies the behavior of dolphins,
wasn’t surprised when she heard the story. ‘Dolphins often help other animals and fish when they are
in trouble in the sea,’ she said.
Task 1. Complete the text with the words below.
attacking clear eventually professional
screamed swimming thought
Task 2. Put the events of the story in the correct order.
_____ A. One of the swimmers screamed when she saw a shark.
_____ B. The dolphins started to swim around the people.
_____ C. Ron tried to swim back to the beach.
__1__ D. The lifeguards were on a training swim.
_____ E. The shark swam away.
_____ F. Ten dolphins appeared.
_____ G. The dolphins stayed with the swimmers for 40 minutes.
_____ H. The shark tried to attack the swimmers.
_____ I. The swimmers returned to the beach.
_____ J. The dolphins pushed Ron back to other swimmers.

Task 3. Answer the questions.

1. Where were the swimmers?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. How many dolphins appeared?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why were the swimmers worried at first?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. What did one of the swimmers try to do?
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why did one of the swimmers scream?
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. How long did the dolphins stay with the swimmers?
_________________________________________________________________________________
II. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Volcanic Adventures
A Last summer on my gap year I spent some time in Indonesia, and I went on a three-day trip to
Mount Rinjani, an active volcano on the island of Lombok. It was one of the most incredible
experiences of my life. Up at the top of the volcano, I explored the caves and admired the
panoramic views across to the bigger island of Bali, before swimming in the hot springs of the
crater lake. Unbelievable! I’m already thinking about where to go for next year’s adventure! After I
find a job, of course... Jess, 19
B I’m studying in Nicaragua this year, and the best thing I’ve ever done in my life has to be the trip I
went on to an active volcano called Cerro Negro! Having trekked up to the top, I then spent a few
terrifying minutes surfing to the bottom. I’d recommend this to anyone who enjoys a bit of a thrill,
but leave the acrobatics for the experienced surfers. If you fall off your board, the sides of the
volcano are unbelievably hot. Trust me - I found out the hard way! Dominic, 21
C Our parents took us to Iceland last summer, and for a family holiday it was actually pretty cool. In
fact, there is a limit to how many bubbling hot geysers and breathtaking scenery we could take! The
best thing was a day trip (you’ve got to be 12 or over to do this trip) to a dormant volcano called
Thrihnukagigur. We had to hike for about an hour across lava fields to get to it, before being kitted
 out with the helmets and safety harnesses to get to the bottom of the 120-metre crater. Once there,
we couldn’t believe our eyes: breathtaking rock formations and incredible colours everywhere.
Having a ‘hot pot’ swim in another geyser after being underground all day was kind of fun too!
Naomi (14), Sean (16)
Task 1. Match the words and the definitions.
1. crater ______ A. not active
2. thrill ______ B. provide the appropriate equipment to do something
3. geysers ______ C. a feeling of excitement
4. dormant ______ D. natural hot springs
5. kit out with ______ E. a large hole at the mouth of a volcano
Task 2. Which review mentions...
1. an excursion that takes three days to do? ______
2. special equipment you need? ______
3. a dangerous activity for experienced people only? ______
Task 3. Read the text again, and choose the correct answer.
1. Jess was in Indonesia _______.
A. because she was studying there
B. to meet her parents
C. while she was travelling for a year
2. Mt Rinjani __________.
A. gave Jess the most incredible experience of her life
B. has a lake you can swim in
C. is where Jess is going next year
3. While Dominic was in Nicaragua, he __________.
A. climbed a volcano but was too frightened to surf down
B. went surfing down a volcano
C. found it hard to do acrobatics while surfing
4. The day trip Naomi and Sean did __________.
A. is not available to anyone under the age of 12
B. had only a limited number of geysers
C. involved a swim in an underground geyser
III. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Action Woman
Young Kira Salak is an explorer with a mission. She wants to find the undiscovered comers of our
planet. A difficult task, you might think, in the age of GPS technology and Google™ maps. However,
according to Kira there are still plenty of new places to visit and new adventures to experience. What
is more, Kira prefers to travel alone unlike the famous explorers of the
past, who would set off with an enormous team of helpers.
But what makes a young woman leave her studies and family at the age
of 19 to go on dangerous journeys across scorching deserts, through
dense jungles and along fast-flowing rivers? Kira explains that as a
teenager she used to suffer from low self-esteem. She thought solo
adventure trips would help her to discover what she could do. She was
right.
For her first adventure, Kira decided to go backpacking across southern
Africa. In spite of the hardships of the journey, the trip had been going
well until she went to Mozambique. This was a country that was in the
middle of a civil war. She was travelling near the border with Zimbabwe when she was kidnapped by
soldiers from Mozambique and taken to their base. Despite the frightening situation, Kira kept calm
and asked if she could go to the toilet. It was her opportunity to escape and she fled into the night,
running all the way back to the Zimbabwe border and safety.
After such an experience, most people would be put off exploring for life. Kira, however, had learned
a valuable lesson about herself: she was braver and stronger than she had realized. With her new self-
confidence, she planned more trips. She wanted to visit somewhere that very few travellers had been
to. The destination she chose was Papua New Guinea. This was considered one of the most difficult
islands in the world to cross because of its thick jungle and difficult waterways. That didn’t stop Kira.
She cut through the jungle and canoed her way across the island to become one of the few visitors to
complete the journey, and the first foreign woman to do it.
These days Kira’s family and friends are used to her going off on long expeditions. Since her trip to
Papua New Guinea, she has travelled across Alaska, Bhutan, the Congo, Mali, Peru, Mexico and the
Himalayas. She is always searching for hidden, unexplored comers to tell people about. Kira has
recorded her travel experiences in newspaper and magazine articles, and a number of novels. In fact, as
well as being a respected adventurer, she is also considered an accomplished travel writer and she has
been presented with various awards for her writing. To most of us it all sounds incredible, but Kira
says that travelling shows us no culture is better, or worse, than another. She also adds that the
majority of people on the planet want the same thing: peace, happiness and a good life for their
children.

Task 1. Choose the correct answers.

1. Kira travels abroad _______.
A. with a GPS to find unknown places
B. with a group of fellow adventurers
C. by herself
D. with famous explorers
2. Going on adventures alone _______.
A. helped Kira become a more confident person
B. helped Kira do well at school
C. was her parents’ idea
D. was part of her studies
3. The soldiers from Mozambique kidnapping Kira _______.
A. took her to Zimbabwe B. helped her escape
C. were backpacking D. let her go to the toilet
4. Papua New Guinea was a place that _______.
A. was frequently visited by travellers
B. has never been crossed by a foreigner
C. is easy to cross by boat
D. had never been crossed by a foreign woman before
5. Kira likes to _______.
A. visit places that everybody has been to
B. write about her family and friends
C. find places that are unknown to most people
D. receive awards for her expeditions
6. Kira says that travel has made her realize that _______.
A. the people of the world are very different
B. people everywhere have the same hopes
 C. she is different from most people
D. life is better in other countries
Task 2. Read the text again. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F)?
1. Kira finished her studies before leaving on her first expedition. _______.
2. Kira was lacking in confidence as a teenager. _______.
3. Kira panicked when she was captured by the soldiers. _______.
4. Travelling hasn’t helped Kira change as a person. _______.
5. Kira’s family and friends are not surprised by her adventures any more. _______.
6. Kira has done well as an author. _______.

Task 3. Match the words in bold in the text with these definitions.
1. highly skilled at something _______________
2. to make somebody not like something _______________
3. a passage of water where boats can travel _______________
4. a good opinion of your own character and abilities _______________
5. extremely hot _______________
6. ran away from something _______________
7. taken away by force and kept prisoner _______________
8. a particular task which you feel you should do _______________
IV. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Sir Ranulph Fiennes - the World’s Greatest Living Explorer
In 1984, the Guinness Book of Records described Sir Ranulph Fiennes as the world’s greatest living
explorer. Since then, he has continued to break world records and to take on and pull off some of the
most difficult challenges on the Earth. But who is Sir Ranulph, and why are people so amazed by his
breathtaking achievements?
Sir Ranulph, who is a distant cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, was bom into a wealthy, aristocratic family
in 1944. When he was nineteen, he became a soldier in the British Army and spent a lot of time in
Oman in the Middle East. During that, he became the youngest captain in the army, learned about
survival skills and took up the sports of climbing and skiing.
In the late 1960s, after almost eight years of service, Sir Ranulph left the
army. He has been an adventurer ever since, and has led expeditions all
over the world. On his two early expeditions, he went down the River
Nile in a hovercraft and crossed a huge glacier in Norway. However, it
wasn’t until 1979, when he was in his thirties, that he made one of his
first really famous journeys. With two old friends, he set out on an
amazing and risky adventure, which took over three years to complete.
They sailed south to the Antarctic, crossed the South Pole, then sailed
north to the Artic, and finally travelled to the North Pole. They didn’t
get back to Britain until 1982. It was the first time anybody went round
the world in this direction, using only surface transport. Nobody has
been able to do it again since.
Since visiting both poles, he has led an expedition to discover a lost city in the deserts of Oman and
has also walked across the Antarctic. This journey was record-breaking because it was the first time
that a man or woman went across the continent by only walking and skiing. In other words, Sir
Ranulph, who was almost fifty years old at the time, didn’t use any machines at all. He went on this
incredible journey on his own, and it took him ninety-three days. Then, in 2009, he climbed Mount
Everest - despite the fact that he was sixty-five years old, and afraid of heights.
Naturally, there has been a price to pay for his bravery. Not all of his expeditions have been successful,
and he has had some terrible experiences. In 2000, for example, he attempted to walk across the Arctic
by himself, and his sledge and all his equipment fell through a hole in the ice. Sir Ranulph had to pull
everything out with his hands, and the ice was so cold that he got severe frostbite. When he got back
home, doctors cut off the ends of some of his fingers. He has also lost toes to frostbite and has had a
heart attack.
Perhaps Sir Ranulph’s most amazing challenge was the one he completed in 2003, when he was nearly
sixty. He ran seven marathons on seven countries in seven days. He started by running a marathon in
South America, flew to Antarctica and ran another marathon in Australia, Singapore, Britain, Egypt,
and finally, the USA.
There have been some amazing explorers in history, but few have achieved as much as Sir Ranulph
Fiennes.
Task 1. Read the article and put Sir Ranulph’s experiences in the order that they happened in
his life.
____ a. He tried to go across the Arctic alone.
____ b. He went up to the top of Mount Everest.
____ c. He was a soldier in the British Army.
____ d. He lost some of his fingers because of the cold.
____ e. He went round the world from south to north.
____ f. He ran seven marathons in a week.
____ g. He walked over a Norwegian glacier.
____ h. He discovered a lost city in 1992.
Task 2. Study the pronouns in bold in the article. What do they refer to?
1. he (paragraph 1) ____________________________________________________
2. that (paragraph 2) ____________________________________________________
3. which (paragraph 3) ____________________________________________________
4. They (paragraph 3) ____________________________________________________
5. it (paragraph 3) ____________________________________________________
6. This (journey) (paragraph 4) ____________________________________________________
7. who (paragraph 4) ____________________________________________________
8. him (paragraph 4) ____________________________________________________

IV. Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each question.
Adventure Island
Vanuatu is a nation of small islands in the South Pacific. It is one
of the smallest countries in the world. But for those interested in
adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Some of the best swimming,
snorkeling, and sea kayaking can be found here. Vanuatu’s islands also
offer visitors two of the most exciting, and dangerous activities in the
world: volcano surfing and land diving.
On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 metres into the sky. Yasur
is one of a few active volcanoes in the country. It erupts almost every day, sometimes several times a
day. For centuries, both island locals and visitors have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Recently,
people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways, volcano surfing is like
surfing in the sea, but in other ways, it’s very different. A volcano surfer’s goal is to escape the
erupting volcano - without being hit by flying rocks. It’s fast, fun, and dangerous - the perfect extreme
sport.
Most people are familiar with bungee jumping. But did you
know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu, and is
almost 15 centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is
part of a religious ceremony. A man ties tree vines around his ankles.
He then jumps headfirst from a high tower. The goal is to touch the earth with the top of his head -
without breaking the vine or hitting the ground hard. Every spring, island natives (men only) still
perform this amazing test of bravery.
1. What is the purpose of the reading?
A. to encourage people not to do dangerous sports
B. to explain what volcano surfing and land surfing are
C. to talk about the world’s best volcano surfer and land surfer
D. to compare Vanuatu with other islands in the South Pacific
2. What does the word “those” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. people B. countries C. activities D. islands
3. Which sentence about Vanuatu is NOT true?
A. It is a small nation in the South Pacific.
B. It is where bungee jumping began.
C. It has more than one active volcano.
D. It is famous for a sport called volcano diving.
4. Which sentence is true about Mount Yasur?
A. It is no longer active.
B. It is more than 1,000 metres high.
C. People have been climbing it for a long time.
D. It’s on Pentecost Island.
5. Which sentence is true about land diving?
A. It was first called “bungee jumping.”
B. It came to Vanuatu from another country.
C. It is less popular today than in the past.
D. It is a traditional activity in Vanuatu.
6. What does the phrase “the earth” in the last paragraph mean?
A. the people B. the ground C. the tower D. the world
7. Local people on Tanna Island and visitors _______.
A. have surfed the volcano for centuries
B. have recently surfed the volcano
C. come to see the volcano erupt every day
D. have never tried any extreme sport
8. How are volcano surfing and land diving similar?
A. They are both old sports.
B. Both men and women do them.
C. They are both done on Tanna Island.
D. They are both extreme activities.
VI. Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each question.
Mystery on Everest
Were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay really the first people to
reach the top of Mount Everest? Some believe British climbers George
Mallory and Andrew Irvine reached the
summit before them in June 1924.
Unfortunately, this is hard to prove because
both men vanished on the mountain.
 In 1999, a team of climbers visited Everest, hoping to solve this mystery. Near Everest First Step,
on the way to the summit, the team found Mallory’s oxygen tank - evidence that he and Irvine were
near the top. Close by, a member of the team, Conrad Anker, discovered Mallory’s body.
In addition, when the team examined Mallory’s body, they found items like a knife and matches,
but no photos. Why is this significant? Mallory carried a photo of his wife with him. He planned to
leave it at the top of Everest, if he reached the summit.
Did Mallory and Irvine achieve their goal and reach the top? Probably not, says Anker. Mallory
and Irvine were last seen near Everest’s Second Step. This is a 27-metre wall of rock. Climbing this
section of Everest is extremely difficult, even with modem climbing equipment. Without the right
tools, it is doubtful Mallory and Irvine were able to proceed to the top.
Mallory and Irvine were near the summit late in the day. Climbers
who reach the summit at this time need to camp at the top. If you do this,
it is common to suffer from frostbite. But Mallory’s body had no sign of
frostbite.
So what happened to Mallory and Irvine? Anker thinks they probably
turned back just after the First Step. When Mallory was going down,
perhaps he accidentally fell. Irvine’s body has never been found.
Whatever happened, they will always be remembered as early Everest
heroes.
1. The reading is mainly about two climbers who _______.
A. solved a mystery about Everest B. vanished on Everest
C. recreated Hillary and Norgay’s climb D. invented new climbing tools
2. Which statement is true?
A. Mallory’s body showed signs of frostbite.
B. Conrad Anker’s team found two bodies on Everest.
C. Mallory and Irvine were near the top of Everest in the morning.
D. Anker’s team found some of Mallory’s items on the mountain.
3. The purpose of the second and third paragraphs is to give reasons why ______.
A. Mallory may have reached the top
B. Mallory probably didn’t reach the top
C. Mallory brought an oxygen tank
D. the body was not Mallory’s
4. What does the word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. the body B. the oxygen tank
C. the summit D. the picture
5. Where were Mallory and Irvine last seen?
A. at a camp near the bottom of the mountain
B. at the top of Everest
C. just below the First Step
D. just below the Second Step
6. If Mallory and Irvine “turned back” (in the last paragraph), they _______.
A. stopped and went down B. went around
C. tried to walk up D. stayed in one place on
7. All of the following are true about Mallory EXCEPT that _______.
A. he had modem climbing equipment
B. his body was found near the First Step
C. some items were found near his body
 D. he carried his wife’s picture with him
8. Which statement would Conrad Anker probably agree with?
A. Mallory and Irvine definitely reached the top of Everest.
B. Mallory and Irvine never got close to the summit.
C. Mallory and Irvine got close, but didn’t reach the top.
D. Irvine probably reached the top, but not Mallory

Pronunciation: Stress in verbs

I. Put the words below in the correct column according to their stress pattern.
listen compete prefer cancel perform
dislike reply review harvest achieve
explore invent argue answer react
Stress on 1st syllable Stress on 2nd syllable

II. Put the verbs into the correct column according to the stress pattern.
entertain recommend visualise examine motivate
imagine understand volunteer accomplish abolish
advocate recycle discover register exercise
advertise educate sacrifice encounter disappear
Stress on 1st syllable Stress on 2nd syllable Stress on 3rd syllable

2E. Speaking
• Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response.
1. A: When I was young, I used to fly the kites B: a/ Probably you felt very happy.
in the field. b/ Do you think it’s a terrible thing?
2. A: We went to a small theme park, and played B: a/ And you were feeling terrified?
paintballing. b/ And you felt very excited?
3. A: Look! In the photo, he encountered a B: a/ I expect he felt very excited.
shark!
b/ He was probably very shocked.
 4. A: Here’s the photo of the man who first B: a/ I think he was very well-prepared for it.
completed the marathon. b/ Judging his expression, he was relaxed.
5. A: Here’s the photo of my hiking trip in Cat
B: a/ You looked very bored!
Tien National Park. b/ Wow! How interesting!
6. A: Your brother took part in a race yesterday,
B: a/ Really? I guess he’s very fit.
and he came first.
b/ But maybe he felt very nervous.
B: a/ I guess she enjoys challenges.
7. A: My aunt Lan likes extreme sports.
b/ It’s a bad thing to do dangerous sports.
B: a/ Yeah, I could see it on her face.
8. A: Judging by her expression, I’d say Jane
enjoyed her first experience of BASE jumping. b/ Right. She looked terrified.
9. A: You like extreme sports, don’t you? B: a/ Oh, because they’re dangerous.
b/ Of course, they’re very exciting.
10. A: Why do you practise that sport? B: a/ Its excitement makes me do it.
b/ Its excitement makes me unwilling to do it.

• Photo description
II. Complete the dialogue with the phrases below. There is one extra that you do not need.
A. feel scared
B. wearing a life jacket
C. some training and experience
D. still and blue
E. a bit dangerous
F. very excited and relaxed
G. stands on end

Nick Wow. The photo is fantastic. Where was it taken, Phong?

Phong It’s the photo that my dad took during his holiday in the northern Viet Nam.
Nick The cliffs are steep, and the lake is calm, not moving.
Phong You’re right. The water of the lake is 1_________________________________.
Nick They jump from the top of the cliffs. They’re probably feeling __________________.
Phong If I were them, I’d 3__________________________., and my hair 4_____________________.
Nick It looks like that they’ve had5_________________________________.
Phong I think so. If we don’t have any experience, it will be 6_________________________.

III. Complete the dialogue with the phrases below. There is one extra that you do not need.
A. help each other when there is an accident
B. wearing wool caps, gloves, boots and heavy backpacks
C. carry enough tools, first-aid kits, some drink and food
D. feeling very excited and delighted
E. but maybe a bit scared and shocked
F. don’t feel so cold
G. lucky to have the nice weather like that
Anna Look at the picture in the magazine. Some people are skiing in the sun.
Mai It looks very wonderful. Skiing in the sun, so we 1______________________________.
Anna That’s right. I expect they’re 2_____________________________, because the weather is
fine.
Mai They’re 3_____________________________. All of them are carrying a lot.
Anna Exactly. Besides the skis, they are
4
_______________________________________________.
Mai I think they have to 5__________________________________________________________.
Anna Skiing is a bit risky, so people should go skiing in a group, and they can
6
__________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
Mai We don’t have any opportunities to go skiing in Viet Nam because there is no snow and ice.

IV. Look at the picture, and the prompts below in order to complete the dialogue.

- they / go hiking / forest / see the panorama

- feel very happy / achieve goal of the trip
- walk a long distance / get there
- feel excited / see the view of the sea
- girl / a little bit tired / relax and enjoy the view
- suggestion for the group: go hiking at Nam Cat Tien National Park / this weekend
A Look at the picture in the magazine. The two teenagers are on the edge of the high cliff.
B Maybe they 1______________________________, and at last 2__________________________
A I expect 3__________________________because 4___________________________________
B I think so. They have 5__________________________________________________________.
A The boy and the girl are probably 6___________________________________because they can
7
___________________________________. It is very fantastic.
B The girl 8__________________________________. She’s sitting on the edge of the
cliff9__________________________________.
A Why don’t we go hiking this weekend?
B Let’s have a discussion with our group. I think 10____________________________________.
A Great idea. I think all members all members of the group will agree and set off this weekend.

2F. Writing
• An invitation
Read the email, and do the tasks that follow.
Dear Phong,
Thanks for your email. It’s great that you’re planning to visit us next month.
As soon as term finishes, I’m going camping in the forest with my dad and my brother. We’re planning
to be away for three or four days. I really want to go fishing a few times, and while we’re there, I’m
hoping to catch some fish to eat in the evenings. After we get back, I’ll be working in my uncle’s cafe
for a few days over Easter.
You could visit any time during the last week of the holiday. I’ll re-taking a couple of exams next
term, so I need to do some revision before I go back to school. But I reckon I’ll be able to work when
you’re here.
I’d be grateful if you could confirm the dates of your visit as soon as possible. I won’t make any more
plans until I hear from you!
All the best,
Nick
Task 1. Why is Nick writing to Phong?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Task 2. Find four different activities that Nick is planning to do during the Easter holiday? What
tenses does he use in his email?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Task 3. Find one sentence that is too formal, and rewrite it in a more informal style.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________